the official icc g20 ceo advisory publication 2013

WELCOME: Vladimir Putin / A.N. Shokhin Global Development: Future of Agriculture

ICC G20: ICT for a Better Tomorrow

Conflict: Balkan Peace and Prosperity

The Official ICC G20 Advisory Group Publication

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Contents & Contributors

04 g20g8.com

Publisher:

Chris Atkins

Editor-in-Chief:

Ana C. Rold

[email protected]

Managing Editor:

Chrisella Sagers Herzog

[email protected]

Design & Creative Director:

Christian Gilliham

[email protected]

T: (+44) 7951 722265

WELCOME NOTES:

Publishers Note

By Chris Atkins

Editors Note

By Ana C. Rold

Welcome by:

Vladimir Putin, President of Russia

A.N. Shokhin, RSPP President

and B20 Chairman

Richard Goyner, Managing Director,

Wesfarmers Limited Chairman,

Australian B20

Jean Guy Carrier, ICC Secretary General

Marcus Wallenburg, Chairman of the

ICC G20 Advisory Group

Contributors:

Chrisella Sagers Herzog, Dr. Richard Rousseau,

Juergen Voegele, David Schmidt, Dr. Christian

Ketels, Bill Frist, M. Rifat Hisarciklioglu,

EF de Lencquesaing, Kris Gopalakrishnan,

Kimball Chen, Kris Gopalakrishnan,

Eduardo Eurnekian, Tom Cardamone,

Steve Keller, Patrick McQuillan, Calie Hill,

Oscar Montealegre, Jodie Griffin, Dr. Valentina

Bartolucci, James George Jatras, John Currie,

Gerard Worms, Harold McGraw & Victor Fung

Publishing Firm:

The CAT Company, Inc.

Chris Atkins, President

Global Advisory Group:

Chris Atkins, Peter Atkins

Jennifer Latchman,

Manuel C. Menendez III

(Chairman & Strategic Advisor)

Keith Foote Nyborg

(United States Ambassador (Ret.)

President of Sales:

Mike Nyborg

Sales Executives:

Ray Baker, Guy Furl, Tony Royle,

Juan Hierro, Amelia de La Cruz,

Don Stauber

Special thanks:

Diplomatic Courier for their

editorial direction and strategy

To contact the editors

please email us at:

[email protected]

CATCOMPANYInc

Masthead

WELCOME: Vladimir Putin / A.N. Shokhin Global Development: Future of Agriculture ICC G20: ICT for a Better Tomorrow



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Features

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28

37

June 2013

COVER STORY:

28 / CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR THE B20 By Chrisella Sagers Herzog

SPECIAL NOTE:

18 / Graham Quirk, Lord Mayor of Brisbane 32 / Peter Anderson

Global Development:

36 / The Future of Agriculture

By Juergen Voegele

38 / To Feed the Future, We Need a Feast of Facts, and a Famine of Fear

By David Schmidt

40 / All Hands on Deck

By Dr. Christian Ketels

42 / The Future of Healthcare is Personalized Medicine

By Bill Frist

ICC G20 Advisory Group looks at G20 agenda:

44 / Towards a more inclusive G20 Agenda

By M. Rifat Hisarciklioglu

46 / B20: How to contribute to Responsible Finance?

By EF de Lencquesaing

48 / ICT for a Better Tomorrow

By Kris Gopalakrishnan

50 / Energy Access and World Prosperity

By By Kimball Chen

52 / Making More with Less


54 / Growth and Infrastructure in Latin America

By Eduardo Eurnekian

Global Finance:

56 / Assessing David Camerons G8 Agenda on Tax and Transparency

By Tom Cardamone

60 / What Threat Do The Monetary Policies of

Developed Nations Pose to Emerging Economies?

By Dr. Richard Rousseau

62 / Too-Big-To-Fail Syndrome


64 / The European Unions: Cycles of History

By Steve Keller

66 / Debt and Instability: The High Costs of Secession in the Eurozone

By Patrick McQuillan

International Trade:

70 / Challenges of Tomorrow: What the Future Holds for the WTO

By Calie Hill

72 / WTO in the 21st Century?

By Dr. Richard Rousseau

76 / Breaking BRICS

By Oscar Montealegre

78 / The Costs of Copyright in the TPP

By Jodie Griffin

Conict Resolution:

90 / The spectre of terrorism and the Islamist Challenge in North Africa

By Dr. Valentina Bartolucci

92 / Balkan Peace and Prosperity

By James George Jatras

94 / Northern Ireland: On the Brink of a Dangerous Marching Season

By John Currie

02 / China Southern Airlines

24 / Waters

26 / Intel

80 / McGraw Hill Financial

96 / Turkey Investment Board

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The G20 Publication 2013

Publishers Note

08 g20g8.com

Distinguished Guests

I would like to take this opportunity to thank all those involved for their

dedication in helping produce the official ICC G20 advisory Group publication.

It has been a great pleasure to collaborate with the International Chamber of

Commerce G20 Advisory Group again.

We are very excited with the recent announcement made by the ICC at their

World Chamber Federation meeting in Doha to launch the ICC G20 Business

Advisory Council.

The ICC is the worlds largest business organization and the only one present

in many countries. This in turn will give the Official ICC G20 advisory magazine

more readership and exposure to the importangt topics being discussed at

these summits.

The CAT Company is always improving the reach of the publication and its

contents and we are very happy to partner with Imirus, the leading e-book

technology company. Readers can now download this publication on their

mobile devices on the Apple newsstand or the Android Google Play store.

We look forward to a very positive summit and we hope there will be some

great outcomes in which the worlds leaders can improve all aspects that

are on the agenda today.

We thanks the Russians for their hospitality and we look forward to seeing

you down under in 2014, where the great city of Brisbane will welcome you all.

Christopher AtkinsPublisher and Founder

Cat Company, Inc.

THE CAT COMPANY IS ALWAYS IMPROVING THE REACH OF THE PUBLICATION AND ITS CONTENTS AND WE ARE VERY HAPPY TO PARTNER WITH IMIRUS, THE LEADING E-BOOK TECHNOLOGY COMPANY.

Powered by Imirus

Please go to the APP Store or Google Play store to download the app to read the G20 and G8 magazines on your mobile devices.

The CAT Company Inc. Contact: Chris Atkins on 1-801-783-5120 [email protected]

The CAT company is

the proud publisher

of the G8 Summit

publication and the

official G20 Summit

publication for the

international Chamber

of Commerce G20

Advisory Group.

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G INTERVIEW: Sir Peter Westmacott British Ambassador to the United States

The G8 Publication 2013

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AFTER LIBOR AND ICAP, WHATS NEXT FOR FINANCIAL TRANSPARENCY REFORM?

Global Development: Future of Agriculture

Northern Ireland: Conflict Resolution


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WELCOME: Vladimir Putin / A.N. Shokhin Global Development: Future of Agriculture

ICC G20: ICT for a Better Tomorrow



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Editors Note

10 g20g8.com

Ana C. Rold

Editor-in-Chief

A Year of Transparency

Welcome to our third edition of the G20 Business. While the publishers of this

publication have produced a G8 and G20 magazine for over 17 years, this is the

third year in a row we collaborate exclusively with the International Chamber

of Commerce, focusing on business and policy and how the global business

leadership collaborates with the political leadership to debate and solve some

of the biggest issues facing our world. We are particularly proud to have been

selected again as the official publication for this years increasingly relevant and

important forum of global leadersa testament to our longevity in the field and

our teams tireless efforts to produce a publication by the leaders for the leaders.

The issues at hand are many and it is abundantly clear the G20 remains a key

forum for managing the global economy beyond the current economic crisis.

The membership of the G20which includes both developed and developing

economiesis such that allows for greater inclusion and collaboration; more so

than any other global gathering of such nature. The B20, the G20s business

mirror summit has become an important voice and conduit; it integrates the

international business communitya key partnerinto the G20 process. This

group of select business leaders represents the most important industries

involved in solution making. From green growth to food security to employment,

the task forces within the B20 have set to research solutions to seemingly

intractable issues. Their cooperation with the G20 leaders is paramount

to the efforts to curtail the global economic crises.

Even though the G20 was the result of the financial crisis in 2008, it is very

likely the institution will carry on well after the crisis has subsided. In the future,

the G20 has the potential of being the venue of choice for multiple stakeholders

to come together to carry on complex solutions that require collaboration on

multiple levels and via multiple sectors in a flexible format. That type of work

is already being carried out by the B20, which is engaging with multiple

partners like the World Economic Forum and the OECD.

We are honored again to have several business leaders contributing articles and

editorials for this special edition of the B20 meeting during the G20 summit. We

have assembled a unique set of answers to the challenges posed in the agenda this

year in these pages and we hope you will enjoy another world-class publication

put together by a world-class team of international editors and writers.

Thank you for reading.


Welcome

12 g20g8.com

Vladimir Putin

President of Russia

Dear friends

THE G20 was established in 2008 and

has become an important instrument

in managing and responding to crises.

Through their coordinated action, in just

a short period of time, the participating

countries managed to stop the economic

slide and tighten supervision over national

financial systems. They then began

systemic transformation of the international

financial and economic architecture to

bring it into line with Twenty-First Century

demands, and started developing the

mechanisms that will give us maximum

protection from risks, strengthening

mutual trust, and giving the impulse for

sustained and balanced global economic

development.

We believe that the Russian presidencys

main task will be to focus the G20s efforts

on developing measures to stimulate

economic growth and create jobs. What

will this require? We think the answer is

clear: investment incentives, trust and

transparency in markets, and effective

regulation. These priorities will be at the

heart of discussion of the various issues

traditionally on the G20s agenda. These

issues include the state of the global

economy; implementing the framework

agreement for strong, sustainable and

balanced growth; facilitating job creation;

reforming the currency and financial

regulation and supervision systems; stability

on global energy markets; stimulating

international development; strengthening

multilateral trade; and countering corruption.

We will also include two new issues on

the financial agenda: financing investment as

a basis for economic growth and job creation,

and modernizing national public borrowing

and sovereign debt management systems.

Thus, the Russian presidency will

ensure continuity in the G20s agenda and

fulfillment of earlier commitments, while

at the same time offering new approaches

to examine.

Russia is ready for the broadest possible

cooperation on reaching the G20s objectives.

In order to make the G20s work more

effective and transparent and increase trust

RUSSIA IS READY FOR THE BROADEST

POSSIBLE COOPERATION ON REACHING

THE G20S OBJECTIVES.

in what it is doing, we will hold broad

consultations with all interested parties

with countries not part of the G20, and also

with international, expert, and trade union

organizations, and business community,

civil society, and youth representatives.

Practice shows that global measures are

only effective when they are based on the

views and take into account the interests

of different groups.

We hope that Russias presidency

of the G20 will help to consolidate the

participating countries efforts in order to

achieve our common goal of resolving the

most serious problems facing the global

economy, ensuring sustainable growth

for the entire international communitys

benefit, and giving millions of people

around the world a better standard

of living.

Russia is open for dialogue and

constructive cooperation.

Vladimir Putin

President of Russia

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Welcome

14 g20g8.com

A.N. Shokhin

RSPP President and B20 Chairman

Dear Colleagues

FOLLOWING THE SUCCESS of B20

summits in Toronto, Seoul, Cannes, and

Los Cabos we intend to consolidate the

progress to advance the G20-B20 dialogue

and coordinate actions to generate strong,

sustainable and balanced global growth.

The B20 will bring together leading CEOs

and heads of international organizations

from the G20 countries to develop actionable

recommendations aligned with the G20

goals, members countries contexts, and

Russias priorities for G20 presidency.

Our priority is that the B20

recommendations should promote

G20-B20 shared objective of successful

global growth. Through the work of B20

Task Forces we will focus on the topics of

investment and infrastructure, financial

systems, restoring confidence and growth,

trade as a growth driver, innovation and

development as a global priority, job creation,

employment and investments in human

capital, transparency and anti-corruption.

Our goal is to ensure continuity and

enhance impact of B20 recommendations and

G20 decisions for global economic recovery

THE B20 WILL BRING TOGETHER LEADING CEOS AND HEADS OF INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS FROM THE G20 COUNTRIES TO DEVELOP ACTIONABLE RECOMMENDATIONS ALIGNED WITH THE G20 GOALS, MEMBERS COUNTRIES CONTEXTS, AND RUSSIAS PRIORITIES FOR THE G20 PRESIDENCY.

by tracking and promoting

their implementation in G20 countries.

This task will be taken up by G20-B20

Dialogue Efficiency Task Force.

We look forward to a productive

cooperation and hope that together

we will steer global economy towards

strong growth and job creation.

A.N. Shokhin

RSPP President

and B20 Chairman

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Welcome

16 g20g8.com

Richard GoyderManaging Director, Wesfarmers Limited Chairman, Australian B20

Dear friends

IN 2014, Australia will host the G20,

culminating in the Leaders Summit in the

city of Brisbane, Queensland, in November.

It is an honour for me to have been

selected by the Australian Government to

head the Australian B20, which will lead

business engagement during Australias

presidency of G20.

I believe there is a significant

opportunity for the G20 to make a

difference in sustainable global growth

and prosperity and the creation of jobs.

That belief is shared by the group of

leaders from across Australias business

community who have joined me on the

Australia B20 committee.

We aim to collaborate closely with the

international business community over

the next year to help the G20 deliver real

outcomes at a time of continuing global

uncertainty. This includes building on the

work being done by the Russian B20 as

they help shape the priorities and outcomes

of the Russian presidency of G20 this year.

I take this early opportunity to invite

business leaders and groups in all G20

nations to engage with us in this process.

I personally have the responsibility of

leading Wesfarmers, a conglomerate which

has grown from its origins as a farmers co-

operative just under 100 years ago to become

one of Australias biggest publicly listed

companies. Wesfarmers is Australias largest

private employer as a result of our ownership

of several of the nations largest retail

operations, including the Coles supermarket

group, Kmart Australia, Target Australia

and the Bunnings home improvement and

hardware chain. We also have businesses

operating in insurance, coal mining and

IN 2014, AUSTRALIA WILL HOST THE G20, CULMINATING IN THE LEADERS SUMMIT IN THECITY OF BRISBANE, QUEENSLAND, IN NOVEMBER.

industrial and safety equipment. In total we

have around 200,000 employees and our

core objective is to provide a satisfactory

return to shareholders over time.

Revenue for many of Wesfarmers

businesses is derived largely from our home

market, but Australia is an export-driven

economy and consumer sentiment and

confidence is strongly connected to the

wellbeing of our global trading partners.

As a nation, we are very mindful of the value

and importance of working with others to

build the health of the global economy.

I also look forward to welcoming

many of you to Australia next year and

showcasing a little of our nations

beauty and capabilities.

Richard Goyder

Managing Director, Wesfarmers Limited

Chairman, Australian B20

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For those who havent been to Brisbane for a few years or are yet to visit, allow me to introduce our city: Brisbane is Australias new world city - unashamedly ambitious, embracing the digital age and hot-housing an entrepreneurial culture.

Unburdened by pretension or an age-old history that can weigh down traditional mega cities, Brisbane is synonymous with opportunity.

Were the closest Australian capital city on the eastern seaboard to Asia and weve set a course to become an economic powerhouse in the Asia Pacific Region. We were recently named one of the Top 10 Asian Cities of the Future by the London Financial Times fDi Magazine.

In fact, were regularly singled out as a city to watch with our optimal location, growing depth of talent, innovation and diverse economic growth potential.

Brisbane is a major hub for large resource and energy companies, a significant centre for research and innovation, and the engine room of much of Australias continued economic growth, in defiance of the global downturn of the past five years.

The 2013 World Bank Doing Business Annual Report, named Australia one of the most business friendly countries in the world and Brisbane was recently rated as on par with Zurich and Moscow as a global innovation leader as part of the 2thinknow Innovative Cities Index.

Our investment opportunity growth industries include: biotechnology, aviation, food and agribusiness, hotels, manufacturing and construction.

Brisbanes population of two million is on the rise. With one in four residents born overseas and a median age of 35, we are a young, innovative, bold and multicultural city.

Our $US118 billion economy is predicted to almost double to $US223 billion by 2031.

Highly-qualified professionals are our workforces largest single employment category. Many investors are attracted by the quality of our skills-base and our world-class universities, including The University of Queensland which regularly rates in the top 100 universities in the world.

Over the past 10 years Queensland has pursued a research and development agenda that has driven hundreds of millions of dollars of investment in the research sector and allowed the creation of significant research institutes attracting prime talent.

The work of their scientists and researchers is further bolstered by several new science precincts that have attracted international collaborations from industry and research institutes.

Brisbanes three major universities have important international research links across areas including climate

change, developing treatments for

cancer and other diseases, clean coal

technology, nanotechnology, renewable

energy, infrastructure, emergency

services, community development, the

environment and agriculture.

Many of the 72,000 international

students who attend Brisbane

institutions each year stay on

to embrace local employment

opportunities.

We enjoy an enviably relaxed lifestyle

in a sub-tropical climate with year-

round sunshine, the world- renowned

beaches of both the Gold and Sunshine

Coast within an hours drive south and

north and the Great Barrier Reef within

our state of Queensland.

Brisbanes lifestyle and international

appeal is enriched by a burgeoning

local arts and music scene.

Our South Bank precinct includes the

southern hemispheres largest gallery

of modern art: GOMA as well as our

world-class Brisbane Convention and

Exhibition Centre.

We are a city with a lifestyle obsession,

global ambitions and a contagious

energy and entrepreneurial spirit that

lubricates the business environment.

This, coupled with a single local council

that governs the entire city and a

strong economic development focus,

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Brisbane is casual but caring,

progressive but green, successful but

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We cant wait to show you around.

Australias new world city ready to welcome you in 2014

By the Lord Mayor of Brisbane, Graham Quirk

Australias sub-tropical capital, Brisbane,

is looking forward to throwing open its doors

to the world at the 2014 G20 Leaders Summit.

BRISBANE FACTSBrisbane is Australias New World City,

with a $US118 billion economy.

London Financial Times fDi Magazine named Brisbane is one of the Top 10 Asian Cities of the Future.

Brisbanes economy benefits from a strong mining and energy sector, servicing many countries with coal and other commodities.

Brisbanes economic growth is fuelled by a competitive base for doing business, trade and innovation.

A population of 2 million call Brisbane home with a median age of 35.

Brisbane is a multicultural society with one in four residents born overseas.

The population is expected to reach 3.9 million by 2056.

G 2 0 L E A D E R S S U M M I T

Brisbane, host of 2014s gathering of world leaders.

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With 4000 delegates converging on Brisbane for the

worlds premier forum of global economic cooperation

in 2014, the stage is set for collaborative decision-

making and what a stage it is. Brisbane has a unique,

natural beauty, sub-tropical climate, state-of-the-art

facilities and recent infrastructure growth, making it

an attractive place to do business. Cultural attractions

abound and a welcoming multicultural society makes

this new world city the ideal place for business leaders

to make decisions that affect the world.


Welcome

20 g20g8.com

Jean Guy CarrierICC Secretary General

Dear friends

AS THE EVERYDAY practitioners of the

global economy, international business

has a clear stake in the success of the G20

and is willing to play an increasing role,

delivering real-world input to policymaking,

partnering with governments to implement

commitments, and validating the G20s

actions through increased international

trade and investment, economic growth

and job creation. Business believes that

that by monitoring G20 actions and offering

constructive feedback, it can help improve

G20 outcomes and support the groups

objectives of growth, financial stability,

and better global governance.

Over the last several years, the ICC

G20 Advisory Group has joined with host

country business associations, the World

Economic Forum, McKinsey & Company,

CEOs from corporations large and small,

and representatives from the B20 coalition

of national business federations to

collaborate on the formulation of business-

based policy recommendations. Inclusive of

the Seoul G20 Business Summit, 31 unique

policy task forces have prepared no fewer

than 250 recommendations and presented

these for consideration by G20 leaders

during respective G20 Business (B20)

Summits held in conjunction with the

respective G20 Leaders Summits.

In order to leverage our G20 advocacy

efforts and to assess G20 responsiveness to

business priorities, the ICC G20 Advisory

Group publishes the ICC G20 Business

Scorecard, now in its second edition.

The purpose of the Scorecard is to

provide a detailed assessment of the G20s

recognition of, action on and response to

recommendations put forward by the global

business community. Compilation of the

annual Scorecard reflects ICCs belief that

direct feedback from the business community

will help the G20 set priorities, honour

commitments, measure its own progress over

time and identify deficiencies that deserve

greater attention.

Produced halfway through the current

Russian G20 Presidency, the 2nd edition

(2013) of the Scorecard assesses four policy

areas that the ICC G20 Advisory Group

considers priorities for G20 attention: trade

and investment, financing for growth and

development, energy and environment,

and anti-corruption.

Overall, the Scorecard rates G20

responsiveness to business priorities as

fair, indicating that the G20 is responding

to business concerns, but needs to further

improve its performance in order to maintain

momentum in the global economic recovery.

This is an improvement on the score from

the 2012 Scorecard, which rated overall

progress as poor.

Despite the fair overall score, the

Scorecard marks good performances in

some policy areas. Notable areas of progress

include a strengthened dialogue between

business and the G20 on anti-corruption

and steps taken under the Mexican G20

Presidency to improve financial inclusion.

Although ICC was encouraged by the

Mexican G20 Presidencys increased focus

on trade and investment, the Scorecard rates

the G20s performance in this area as poor.

This score reflects the continued lack of

progress towards completing the World Trade

Organization (WTO) Doha Development

Round of trade negotiations, and the

G20s poor performance on rolling back

protectionist measures, despite recurring

pledges to do so.

According to a recent report by the

Peterson Institute for International Economics

(commissioned by the ICC Research

Foundation), the conclusion of the current

WTO trade negotiations would have a

significant impact on jobs and growth

globally. For instance, an agreement on

trade facilitation alone would translate into

more than US$1 trillion in world export

gains and more than 21 million jobs. For

these reasons, the Scorecard calls on the

G20 to push for an agreement on trade

facilitation at the 2013 WTO Ministerial

Conference in Bali. Its incumbent on the

G20 to take a leadership role in this forum.

Of the four sets of business priorities,

financing for growth and development

was the G20s strongest performance

with a score of good, due largely to

the favourable treatment given to trade

finance under Basel III, as well as efforts

to increase SMEs access to finance, and

strong programmes created to improve

financial education, protection and inclusion.

Performance relating to both energy and

environment and anti-corruption was rated

as fair. The mixed result on energy and

environment issues comes as a result of

encouraging progress on G20 support for

clean energy technologies and steps taken

to phase out fossil fuel subsidies, tempered

by a lack of progress towards eliminating

barriers to trade in environmental goods

and services.

The score of fair for anti-corruption

indicates a good level of progress made on

the G20s anti-corruption agenda (notably

the extension of the G20 Anti-Corruption

working groups mandate to 2014), but

with plenty of work still to be done, such

as universal ratification across the G20 of

the UN Convention on Anti-Corruption.

The 2012 summit in Los Cabos set out

a highly ambitious agenda, yet much of

the summit and consequent declaration

focused on containing the Eurozone crisis.

Despite this, the G20 Sherpas have been

working hard behind the scenes, and

as this work matures we expect scores

to continue to improve. International

business is encouraged by the progress

on our priorities and we look forward to

continuing our dialogue with leaders at the

September G20 Summit in Saint Petersburg.

Jobs and economic growth are in the balance.

Jean Guy Carrier

ICC Secretary General


Welcome

22 g20g8.com

Marcus WallenburgChairman of the ICC G20 Advisory Group

Dear friends

IN 2008, 20 heads of state and government

decided to take over the reins of a

collapsing world economy and rebuild

the foundations of the global governance

system. The Group of Twenty (G20),

bringing together a broad base of leading

industrialized and emerging economies

representing 80% of world trade and

85% of global GDP, has now emerged

as the highest-level policy forum for

international economic cooperation.

From the perspective of international

business, the G20 is uniquely positioned

to address some of the worlds most

important and intractable economic

problems, and its deliberations manifestly

bear on core business goals for trade,

investment, economic growth and job

creation.

In order to play a constructive role

in representing business views to G20

governments, the International Chamber

of Commerce (ICC) has established the ICC

G20 Advisory Group. The Group comprises

approximately 30 CEOs actively concerned

with the G20 policy agenda and keen to

engage with peers, set priorities and speak

out on the issues most vital to business.

Our aim is to build an enduring platform

for global business to provide input to the

work of the G20 on an ongoing basis.

During the preparations for the St.

Petersburg G20 Summit, members of the

ICC G20 Advisory Group worked within

the Business Summit Task Forces led by this

years B20 Chairman Alexander Shokhin,

President of the Union of Industrialists

and Entrepreneurs - RSPP. These efforts

have resulted in the compendium of policy

recommendations that form the basis for

discussion during the G20 Business Summit

and chart a course for effective government

going forward. Our efforts also included

regional policy consultations in Berlin,

New Delhi, Melbourne & Canberra, Geneva,

Jakarta, Johannesburg and Doha, where

members of the ICC G20 Advisory Group

collected business priorities from local

companies and briefed G20 government

Sherpas on business recommendations

pertaining to the G20 Summit agenda.

In order to leverage our G20 advocacy

efforts, the ICC G20 Advisory Group

publishes two reports that convey a business

response on key areas of G20 performance

with the aim to help the G20 set priorities,

honour commitments and measure its own

progress over time.

The ICC G20 Business Scorecard,

now in its second edition, assesses G20

responsiveness to business priorities in four

key policy areas: trade and investment,

financing for growth and development,

energy and environment, and anti-corruption.

Our 2013 Scorecard rated G20 performance as

fair, indicating that G20 leaders are making

progress but at a somewhat protracted pace.

This is an improvement on the score from

the 2012 Scorecard, which rated overall

progress as poor.

In parallel, ICC also publishes the ICC

Open Markets Index, which measures a

countrys openness to trade and investment

and provides a useful barometer for

evaluating G20 commitments to reducing

trade barriers. The 2013 edition of the OMI

shows that only one G20 country (Canada)

ranks in the top 20 and that the average G20

performance is slightly below the overall

performance measured in the 75-country

sample. Consequently, despite the G20s

recurring pledges to roll back protectionist

measures, more progress needs to be made.

In recognition of the critical importance

of business engagement with the G20, and

with the aim to expand the participation

of international business participation in

the process, ICC has this year launched the

ICC G20 Business Advisory Council. The

Council will include representatives from

ICCs World Chambers Federation (WCF),

Junior Chambers International (JCI)

and ICCs global network of 90 national

committees. This unparalleled international

network represents thousands of chambers,

grouping millions of companies and

spans a wide demographic, cutting

across borders and sectors. The Council

complements the CEO group, providing a

broad business backdrop to the priorities

of some of the worlds most dynamic

corporations. By combining leading

CEOs from G20 countries, with the

worlds largest business network,

we are able to deliver legitimate and

inclusive policy priorities on behalf of

international business.

ICC and our member companies have

high expectations for the G20 Summit

this year in St. Petersburg to provide

much-needed stewardship to shore up the

drifting world economy and create the

confidence we need to invest. On behalf

of international business, we remain

committed to generating solid policy

work and working with G20 leaders

before, during and after the G20 Summit

events from Russia to Australia and

Turkey and beyond.

Marcus Wallenburg

Chairman of the ICC G20 Advisory group

DIGITAL NEWSSTANDread the DIPLOMATIC COURIER

on iPad, iPhone, & Android

Follow us:


Sponsored Feature / Waters

24 g20g8.com

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Because of Waters numerous strategic

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GLOBAL FOOD TRADE has more than tripled since 1990. Exports and imports currently exceed

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26 g20g8.com


Sponsored Feature / Intel

Technology has improved the lives of so many

people on our planetfrom quality education and

health care to energy and water conservation and

management. Policy that enables the internet to

reach people around the globe has been at the

forefront of advancing these and countless other

benefits of technology.

A decade ago, Intel created the mobile

computing category with its large investments

in a wireless infrastructure and its Pentium M

processors paired with Wi-Fi connectivity through

the companys Centrino mobile technology. The

result has been a wireless computing revolution,

with almost ubiquitous availability of Wi-Fi

connectivity and the creation of new mobility

solutions built for low energy consumption and

high performance.

Today, our computing platforms supporting the

digital economy are used in a wide range of

applications, such as PCs (including Ultrabook,

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factory systems and medical devices. We also

develop software and services primarily focused

on security and technology integration.

Enhancing Productivity and

Innovation in All Economic Sectors

The use of information and communication

technology (ICT) products and services can

dramatically enhance productivity and innovation

in many industrial sectors. Governments should

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covers new ICT products developed since the ITA

became eective in 1997 could remove taris on

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trade a 20 percent increase over the $4 trillion in

annual trade under existing ITA product coverage.

Inspiring the Next Generation

through Education Transformation

The rising generations success in todays

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quality education, which is more easily achieved

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technology and a robust ecosystem that can

provide the foundation for educators and

governments to transform education. Powerful

and energy-eicient Intel-based PCs and servers,

combined with software and fast internet access,

help students acquire 21st century skills and help

educators teach more eectively. Through the

Intel World Ahead Program, Intel has worked with

more than 70 countries on programs aimed at

making technology more available, aordable and

understandable to first -time users. Intel-funded PC

purchase programs enable governments to

provide computers at a more aordable price,

At Intel, we strive to make the best silicon and technology products in the world, and through

their application, to create a better future for all. We believe that technology plays a fundamental

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Improving lives, communities and economies through technology

27

THOUGHT LEADERSHIP

allowing thousands of teachers and students

access for the first time.

Intel also works with telecommunications

providers to connect millions of people to the

internet with high-speed wireless technologies.

Government policies that encourage the

deployment of wireless and wired broadband

services play a significant role in supporting

student and teacher development worldwide.

Driving Innovation across Healthcare

Eective use of ICT products and services in

healthcare saves lives. Technology improves

access and quality of care, reduces costs and

improves satisfaction among both patients and

providers. Intel is making great progress,

collaborating with healthcare providers, other

companies and policymakers on innovative new

products and solutions aimed at improving global

access to quality, aordable healthcare. The

Citizen Telecare Service System (CTCS) used in

Chinese Taipei, where 600,000 seniors with

chronic conditions are remotely monitored

through technology to help them reduce their

blood pressure, showed a significant decrease

blood pressure and helped them maintain healthy

levels. CTCS uses biometric measurement,

hypertension risk assessment, video

communication, education programs, and other

tools to change the behavior of high-risk seniors

so they maintain their wellness.

The technological tools that improve care

delivery continue to advance at a steady rate.

But in most countries, the development and

implementation of policies to govern the use of

these technologies in healthcare lags behind.

It is more often policy barriers, rather than

technological barriers, that stand in the way of

greater progress in e-Health. Interoperability

standards among data systems and between

technologies will help reduce these barriers, while

assuring privacy and security of online health data.

Closing the Digital Divide

Policies that expand the allocation of universal

service/access funds to include broadband

internet access, especially in remote regions where

broadband has previously been cost-prohibitive,

are key to bridging the digital divide. In India,

Intel contributed to the creation of the National

Digital Literacy Mission, which seeks to proliferate

digital literacy across the country. As a result, the

Indian government announced an ambitious

information technology (IT) policy mandating that

one citizen per household be digitally literate by

2020. The success of this program depends not

only on the availability of cutting edge products

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We have an ambitious vision for the next

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every person on earth. Policy makers around

the world are in a unique position to facilitate

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KEY LINKS:

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www.intel.com/go/responsibility


Cover Story / Tough Decisions Ahead: The Future of Europe

Cover Story by: Chrisella Sagers Herzog, Managing Editor

28 g20g8.com

The latest story in the Eurozone crisis is

perhaps not just a retelling once more of an

old news story, but instead is the latest slice

in a tragedy of the Euro of death by

a thousand cuts.


29

THOUGHT LEADERSHIP

IN APRIL 2013, it became clear that Slovenia was nearing the cliff of fiscal collapse

and was working to avoid becoming the fifth Eurozone nation to need a bailout.

Initial analysis and statements from EU financial leaders suggest that Slovenia is not

suffering from the same severity of troubles as Cyprus, the last troubled Eurozone

nation to make headlines. However, the handling of the Cyprus crisis is still very fresh

on everyones mindseemingly manageable financial problems escalate when the

national government responds too slowly or hesitantly, and EU authorities step in to

impose unpopular and possibly counterproductive measures. There are questions over

the future of the Euro, talk about Germanys leadership through the crisis, calls for reform of

the banking system, and protests against austerity measures and intervention by the Troika.

It is not the first time we have heard this story, and time will only tell if it will be the last.

The response to the financial crises in both the U.S. and the EU have been repeatedly described

as technocratic, driven by ostensibly scientific techniques [that] would manage risks and

predict rare events. The European Union, united by a common currency but divided

A FISCAL UNION WILL REQUIRE FURTHER POLITICAL INTEGRATION TO BECOME SUCCESSFUL.


Cover Story / Tough Decisions Ahead: The Future of Europe

by fiscal policies decided on a country- by-country basis has struggled to find an

economiclet alone politicalsolution for its

structural weaknesses. In the process it has,

in the words of Frankfurt professor Jrgen

Habermas, resorted to constructing a

technocracy without democratic roots,

trapping the European Union between fiscal

accountability and democratic legitimacy,

unsure of what form it truly wants to take.

In a speech in late April at the Catholic

University of Leuven in Belgium, he called

for a revival of Europes otherwise doomed

constitutional efforts, as current policy has

become torn between, on one hand, the

economic policies required to preserve the

euro and, on the other, the political steps

to closer integration.

Clearly, the European Union is in the early

stages of a new transformation, and one in

which member states must decide what the

future of a united Europe will be. A fiscal

union, with the ECB as a lender of last resort,

seems to be the preference of EU authorities,

pushed by German Chancellor Angela Merkel;

however, this option leaves the voices of

the people out of the equation, and has

contributed to a rise of nationalist and anti-EU

sentiment. A fiscal union will require further

political integration to become successful.

The challenge of the Euro crisis has been

described as Germanys most challenging

political test since reintegration after the

collapse of the Soviet Union. If the Euro fails,

Germany will be blamed; if it makes it

through the crisis successfully, Germany will

be credited. But Angela Merkel is becoming

a lonely advocate of austeritythe French

Socialist party has accused Merkel of selfish

intransigence for insisting on austerity

policies in return for financial assistance,

and EU citizens, particularly in Eastern

Europe, are beginning to turn against what

some perceive as German imperialism.

Habermas called on Germany to move

away from policies to stabilize the budgets

of shaky Eurozone economies through

austerity, to a policy of solidaritycommon

liability and mutual debt, along with more

democratic inclusion of smaller countries

in the decision-making process.

The revolt against austerity brewing in

the Eurozone will target not only German

leadership, but also the role of the European

Central Bank, which has been working since

September 2012 to bring more fiscal

uniformity and stability to the Eurozone by

becoming a lender of last resort to local banks

on the verge of collapsing under bad debt.

The ECB must take a stand in banking

reform, moving away from a too big to fail

mentality and forcing banks across the

Eurozone to put some skin in the game.

Nassim Taleb and George Martin, in the SAIS

Review, wrote, [N]obody should be in a

position to have the upside without sharing

the downside, particularly when others may

be harmed. While this principle seems simple,

we have moved away from it in the finance

world, particularly when it comes to financial

organizations that have been deemed too big

to fail. The captain must go down with the

ship; bankers must reap the consequences

of bad decisions.

Such reformsincreased political inclusion

and constitutionalism in the European Union,

as well as reforms of the financial sector

are vital to returning stability to the Eurozone

and preventing the spread of protests and a

virulent rise in nationalism across the EU.

From the Golden Dawn in Greece to the

latest anti-austerity protests in Slovenia, a

combination of high youth unemployment

and cuts to social benefits are setting the

stage for a growing backlash. Said Damijan

Sencar, a 51-year-old electrical engineer, to

Reuters during protests through Ljubljana,

I am here because I believe we have to get

rid of anyone who has held high political

office during the last 20 years. I fear that

things will get even worse in Slovenia if the

Troika comes, but I hope that can still be

avoided. This is not the mindset of a citizen

who feels included in democratic or decision-

making processes affecting his life.

The latest story in the Eurozone crisis is

perhaps not just a retelling once more of an

old news story, but instead is the latest slice

in a tragedy of the Euro of death by a

thousand cuts. The Euro was built on shaky

ground to begin with, but it could still be

possible to turn things around. However, it

will require a difficult rethinking, from all

across the region, over what kind of future

should be built for Europe.

30 g20g8.com

Biography

Chrisella Sagers Herzog is the

Managing Editor of the Diplomatic

Courier magazine. She writes on issues

ranging from technology developments

to global economic security, and she

is the author of a forthcoming book on

Iranian politics.

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Special Note

32 g20g8.com

THE G20 LEADERS SUMMIT in

Russia in September 2013 will mark

the passage of five years of intensive

work by the G20 governments to

overcome the global financial crisis and

ensure continuing global growth and stability.

The G20 has demonstrated that it can win

the war of the GFC, but the ongoing challenge

is to win the peace in terms of economic

development and organisational credibility.

G20 leaders have been able to come

togetherforced together in the creation of the

groupbased on a crisis of confidence. They

have been able to provide decisions and

instruction to halt a financial meltdown and

clamp down on moves toward increased

protectionism, but as the crisis element

retreats, the challenge is to maintain the

momentum in other areas of global decision

making to ensure that jobs and growth

are preserved and accelerated.

While a number of governments have

implemented domestic austerity and

economic stimulus measures with

expansionary monetary policies, they have

shied away from actions that could see

substantial benefits to jobs and growth

through debt free actions, such as completion

of the WTO Doha Round, which has been

estimated would boost the global economy

by at least $150 billion per annum and create

millions of jobs around the world.

If we review the Leaders Statements from

all of the past six Summits there are two things

to note. Firstly, the frequency of meetings is

diminishing. In some ways this reflects the

appropriate change from crisis decision-making

to the now longer term action agenda. The

second point to note is that the strength of

the statement is also diminishing.

In Washington in 2008 the Trade related

Statement was: We shall strive to reach

agreement this year on modalities that leads

Those who can win a war well can rarely make a good

peace and those who could make a good peace would

never have won the war. Sir Winston Churchill

Overcoming the Global Financial Crisis: The Australian Industrys Response

33

THOUGHT LEADERSHIP

to a successful conclusion to the WTOs Doha

Development Agenda with an ambitious

and balanced outcome.

In London in 2009: We remain committed

to reaching an ambitious and balanced

conclusion to the Doha Development

Round, which is urgently needed.

In Pittsburgh also in 2009: We are determined

to seek an ambitious and balanced conclusion

to the Doha Development Round in 2010.

In Toronto in 2010: We therefore reiterate

our support for bringing the WTO Doha

Development Round to a balanced and

ambitious conclusion as soon as possible.

We direct our representatives, using all

negotiating avenues, to pursue this objective,

and to report on progress at our next meeting

in Seoul, where we will discuss the status

of the negotiations and the way forward.

In Seoul in 2010: Bearing in mind that 2011

is a critical window of opportunity, albeit

narrow, this engagement must intensify and

expand. We now need to complete the end

game. We direct our negotiators to engage

in across-the-board negotiations to promptly

bring the Doha Development Round to a

successful, ambitious, comprehensive, and

balanced conclusion.

In Cannes in 2011: We stand by the Doha

Development Agenda (DDA) mandate.

However, it is clear that we will not complete

the DDA if we continue to conduct negotiations

as we have in the past. We recognize the

progress achieved so far. To contribute to

confidence, we need to pursue in 2012 fresh,

credible approaches to furthering negotiations.

In Los Cabos in 2012: We stand by the Doha

Development Agenda mandate and reaffirm

our commitment to pursue fresh, credible

approaches to furthering trade negotiations

across the board. We will continue to work

towards concluding the Doha Round

negotiations, including outcomes in specific

areas where progress is possible, such as trade

facilitation, and other issues of concern

for least developed countries.

So, after five years of strong statements about

completion of the Doha Round, the business

community is still frustrated at the lack of

progress in the one area that will really make a

difference. What will the statement in Russia

be? And more importantly will it be acted upon?

The Russian presidency will end later this

year and Australia will then take up the

mantle. Australia is a strong free trade

advocate, and one of the fresh, credible

approaches that could be considered is in

fact the G20 leaders putting their statements

into action and going alone as a critical mass

group to agree on the Doha Round outcomes,

implement them as a block, and call upon

other nations to join in the agreement.

We are working closely with the

International Chamber of Commerce in

encouraging governments to ensure that the

G20 continues to be a forum for good from

which action ensues. If the Statements lose

credibility through lack of action, then there

will be a heightened risk that business will

lose faith in the institution. We cannot

allow this to happen.

We look forward to the B20 Summit in

June in St Petersburg and then Australias

hosting of the G20 Leaders Summit in

November 2014, and plan to push for

business and real-time free trade and

investment outcomes.

Peter Anderson

Chief Executive, Australian Chamber

of Commerce and Industry

THE G20 HAS DEMONSTRATED THAT IT CAN WIN THE WAR OF THE GFC, BUT THE ONGOING CHALLENGE IS TO WIN THE PEACE IN TERMS OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AND ORGANISATIONAL CREDIBILITY.

A world of potential in Africa

The world is in a state of great transformation. The balance of economic power is shifting towards developing economies: nations able to harness vast untapped resources, cultivate human potential, encourage political stability, and boost business in new and innovative ways. South Africa has an important role to play. As one of the leading economies in Africa, South Africa is ideally placed to navigate the shifting poles of power.

As the bridge between east and west with world-class infrastructure, abundant resources, and leading banking and investment sectors were delivering Africas potential to the world.

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6

1st Regulation of Security Exchanges 1st Strength of Auditing and Reporting Standards1st Efficacy of Corporate Boards1st Legal Rights2nd Soundness of Banks2nd Availability of Financial Services

3rd Local Equity Market Financing6th Effectiveness of Anti-Monopoly Policy15th Quality of Management Schools15th Quality of Air Transport Infrastructure20th Intellectual Property Protection

*As ranked by the 2012/2013 WEF Global Competitive Index


Global Development / Agriculture

By: Juergen Voegele, Director of Agriculture, The World Bank Group

36 g20g8.com

Food security requires ensuring access to sucient

nutritious food every day to every person, which

goes beyond what agriculture can doon its own.

The Future of Agriculture

Agriculture must urgently address

three sets of issues:

Reduce the hunger and malnutrition affecting 870 million people. We must

address the fact that 165 million children

under five years of age are stunted, and the

number of stunted children is rising in

sub-Saharan Africa, with 52 million

children suffering from wasting, and with

little improvement globally since 1990. For

most of these children, the damage to their

growth and development is irreversible and

will impact the world for generations.

Provide sustainable solutions to extensive rural poverty on a large scale. Three-

quarters of the worlds very poor people

(incomes in 2005, incomes of less than

US$1.25 per day) live in rural areas, and

most get their main livelihoods from farming.

Mitigate 30 percent of the Green-House-Gas (GHG) emissions that are leading to world

that could be hotter by 4 degrees Celsius

(7 degrees Farhenheit).

Producing more food will not solve hunger

and malnutrition problems on its own. Food

security requires ensuring access to sufficient

nutritious food every day to every person,

which goes beyond what agriculture can do

on its own. However, failing to produce at

least 60 percent more food by 2050 will

ensure that there will not be enough to go

around, with truly catastrophic effects. And

the way we increase production has a lot to

do with the distribution of its benefits for

food security. So, we also need to worry

about the resilience of production systems,

nutritional implications of production

systems, and how to reduce wastage.

For success in both production growth and

ensuring that food gets to those who most

need it, small farmers will have to be a big

part of the solution. Today roughly 83 percent

of the worlds population lives in developing

and emerging countries. And there are

roughly 400-500 million small farmers in the

world, heavily concentrated in developing

countries. Globally, the average farm size

(scale of production) declined from 2.1

hectares in 1980-1985 to 1.9 hectares in

2006-2010, with large regional variations.

Resource depletion is beginning to set in.

By 2025, nearly two-thirds of all countries in

the world will be water-stressed and 2.4

billion people will face absolute water

scarcity. Since about 70 percent of freshwater

use is for agriculture, such countries will

depend on imports to meet their food needs.

37

THOUGHT LEADERSHIP

THE CLIMATE -SMART AGRICULTURE OF THE FUTURE REQUIRES THAT WE THINK IN TERMS OF AN INTEGRATED APPROACH TO LANDSCAPES.

Worldwide, about 18 percent of cropland is

irrigated, producing 40 percent of all crops

and 60 percent of all cereals. Large parts of

the world are already living beyond their

water means by supporting agriculture based

on unsustainable use of groundwater. In

addition, about 25 percent of the worlds

crop land is degraded; a further 35 percent

of present African cropland is likely to be

unsuitable for cultivation by 2100 due to

climate change. And, just between 2000

and 2010, we lost on average 5.2 million

hectares of forest every year.

We also face the prospect of as much

as a 4 degree Celsius-warmer world. If this

happens, food staple production could decline

by 10-15 percent over current levels, rather

than increase as is needed, leading to greatly

expanded hardship, conflict, and even mass

starvation within the span of one lifetime.

So we not only need to increase production

under conditions that are harder than when

the world was responding to a big food crisis

in the 1970s, but we also need to pay specific

attention to how production occurs to

produce the benefits of improved livelihoods

and better nutrition.

Fortunately, agriculture is in a unique

position to help on all these things. Only

agriculture at scale (including forestry) can

take carbon out of the atmosphere. Forests

cover 25-30 percent of the earths land surface

and absorb about 15 percent of the planets

GHG emissions, and crops can potentially

absorb more. In-depth work in 2008 also

showed that agricultural growth is very

effective (2 to 4 times more so than other

sectors) at reducing poverty. And agricultural

growth at the smallholder level can be

managed to provide more beneficial

nutritional outcomes. But it takes proactive

investment and policy changes to achieve

these outcomes at scale.

The climate-smart agriculture of the

future requires that we think in terms of

an integrated approach to landscapes. A

landscape approach means taking both a

geographical and socio-economic approach

to managing the land, water, and forest

resources that provide the natural capital for

food security and inclusive green growth.

The World Bank Group is increasingly using

landscape approaches to implement strategies

that integrate management of land, water, and

living resources, and that promote sustainable

use and conservation in an equitable manner.

The precedents for this were a few large-scale

but highly successful projects in what would

now be called emerging countries such as

China, India, and Brazil. Here the landscape

approach combined with strong local

leadership integrated livestock, trees, a range

of crops, and the development of off-farm

rural income opportunities, depending on

the slope of the land and the direction of

the streams, to increase incomes while

conserving the landscape.

But examples are now found in Africa as

well. In Ethiopias Great Rift Valley, the

landscape approach has included establishing

forest cooperatives that sustainably manage

and reforest the surrounding land using

Farmer-Managed Natural Forest Regeneration

techniques, thus addressing deforestation that

threatens groundwater reserves that provide

65,000 people with potable water. In Rwanda,

a landscape approach is being scaled-up to a

large area of steep hillsides by providing

infrastructure for land husbandry (for

example, terracing and downstream reservoir

protection), water harvesting and hillside

irrigation. Training is provided for farmers,

farmer organizations are supported, and

marketing and financing activities are

enhanced. As a result, productivity in rainfed

areas has tripled, more land is protected

against soil erosion, and the share of

commercialized agricultural products has

increased. In Western Kenya, some 60,000

farmers on 45,000 hectares of land are now

combating erosion using sustainable land

management practices to enrich degraded

soil. In Niger, new farming systems now

include trees that capture nitrogen.

For a landscape approach to work, we need

secure land tenure rights, so that individual

farmers, especially women, as well as

communities have an incentive to invest in

improved land and water management and

to protect trees and forests. In Indonesia, for

example, research by the CGIAR on Forests,

Trees and Agroforestry shows that community

management and village forest permits not

only lessen deforestation and forest

degradation, but also reduce risks for

smallholder farmers and improve the

well-being of forest-dependent communities.

Appropriate pricing regimes are needed to

encourage rational use of scarce resources.

Regulations backed by strong legitimacy at

the local level are needed to control pollution

run-off or to avoid free-grazing of animals,

while appropriate incentives are in place for

private farmers to invest in public good

activities. An environment conducive to

behavioral change is fundamental.

Transparent and accountable institutions

are critical. And if people do not have access

to information they can understand, they

do not have an incentive to change behavior.

The ICT revolution is now widely spread,

including in many parts of Africa. This

serves to impart information, provide

interactive information exchange, and

to collect data.

In summary, agriculture is the essential

sector for reducing poverty, creating shared

prosperity and promoting environmental

sustainability. Together, we can harness

the power of agriculture to meet the

worlds challenges.


Global Development / Food

By: David B. Schmidt, President & CEO, International Food Information Council & Foundation

38 g20g8.com

At every step of the journey from farm to fork, technology

is helping us produce a safe, abundant, sustainable and

nutritious food supply.

To Feed the Future,

We Need a Feast of Facts,

and a Famine of Fear

LESS THAN THREE decades from now,

in 2041, the United Nations estimates

that the population of the world

will reach 9 billion people. Thats

a lot of mouths to feed, to put it mildly.

So how will we do it? How can a world of

limited resources possibly adjust to the food

and sustenance needs of its people when their

numbers will expand by more than one-

quarter, and in such a relatively short period

of time? How will we cope with what the

U.N. Food and Agriculture Organization

estimates will be a 60 percent increase in

overall food demand?

The answer is the same as it has always

been: technology. And with nearly 2 billion

additional inhabitants of our planet to be

added just one generation hence, that answer

is more important, and the stakes are higher,

than ever before.

At every step of the journey from farm to

fork, technology is helping us produce a safe,

abundant, sustainable and nutritious food

supply. Precision agriculture, with the aid of

GPS satellites, can target individual crop

treatments to the smallest plots of soil, which

reduces environmental impacts. Advances in

livestock production, from climate control

to the nutritional qualities of feed, have

improved animal health and welfare, and

boosted agricultural output. Refrigeration and

modern packaging technologies increase the

safety of our food, the distance across which

it can be transported, and its extended

freshness.

Among the most successful and still more

promising advances is food biotechnology,

which is a range of processes to enhance

foods through various breeding and other

techniques. At its heart, food biotechnology is

the science of employing the tools of modern

genetics to enhance beneficial traits of plants,

animals, and their food components.

Food biotechnology can help feed our

growing planet, while also bringing several

39

THOUGHT LEADERSHIP

additional benefits along the way. Not only do

insect-protected and virus-resistant biotech

crop varieties produce hardier plants, leading

to higher yields, but plants are also being

engineered to grow in places where they

would not survive before.

The food itself can be more healthful and

nutritious, as crops with enhanced nutritional

traits make their way to the supermarket.

These foods can help to combat chronic

diseases by providing more healthful

compounds, including higher levels of

antioxidants and vitamins, and lower

amounts of fats we should limit. Scientists

have also begun to target allergy-causing

proteins.

Biotech crops can also aid in protecting the

environment by producing herbicide-tolerant

varieties, thereby decreasing the amount of

pesticides used in farming. Decreasing

pesticide use can have a positive impact

on the health and well-being of wildlife,

decrease farmers exposure to pesticides,

and contribute to a cleaner water supply.

But for any technology to be truly useful,

it must first be adopted. Barriers to adoption

include fear and misperception, both on the

part of use

the official icc g20 ceo advisory publication 2013

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