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1. How the NZ Biochar Network functions

2. Existing national and internationalcollaboration with soil carbon researchers

3. Biochar and biochar feedstocks related to

soil carbon accounting


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Launched by Bill Dyck, with the support of:

http://www.landcorp.co.nz/home.aspx

1. How the NZ Biochar Network functions
http://far.org.nz/http://www.chhwoodproducts.co.nz/http://www.maf.govt.nz/sff/


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3Objectives1. Transfer knowledge on NZ biochar research and technologydevelopments to NZ stakeholders


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2. Provide a mechanism to discuss biochar issues and stakeholderneeds with regard to the operational application of biochar

Objectives

Laird (2008)

Self-ignition

Air-particulatepollution, erosion

Irregular landscape

Health


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Sohi et al. (2009)

Larger research and technology transfer initiative that will providesolutions to the logistical and technical problems related to theadoption of biochar technology in New Zealand

First step of ...


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61st New Zealand Biochar Network Workshop(organized by Bill Dyck)

11 February 2009

0.0010.00

20.00

30.00

40.00

50.00

60.00

70.00

80.00

90.00

0 100 200 300 400 500 600Lime

Equivalence(kgCaCO3t-1)

Temperature (C)

Temperatureseffect on liming

ability SewagesludgeCorn Stover

Eucalyptus

Fresh Pine

Miscanthus

Old Pine

Old Poplar

Old Willow

First announcement of 2

nd

NZBN Workshop


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7Biochar Seminars(organised by Bill Dyck)


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The list of contacts now exceeds 100 individuals!!!!

www.biochar.co.nz

Web page and Newsletters(issued by Bill Dyck)


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Within New Zealand...

Sewage sludge

Poplar prunings

Willow prunings

Surinder Saggar

Iris VogelerHarry Clark

Brent Clothier

Markus Deurer

Warren Dickinson

2. Existing national and international

collaboration with soil carbon researchers
http://www.plantandfood.co.nz/http://www.agresearch.co.nz/default.asphttp://www.landcareresearch.co.nz/


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10With Australia...


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With Europe and Australia ...

CSICCSICCSICCSIC

BiocharBiochar HydrocharHydrochar

PYR

OLYZER

PRESSUREVESSEL

BiocharBiochar HydrocharHydrochar

PYR

OLYZER

PRESSUREVESSEL

C=100 C=100

C~50

C~50

C~60

C~40

Chemical

Products

Water

Volatile

Compounds

(Bioenergy)

BiomassAgricultural and forestry

residues, grasses, etc

Hydrochar ProcessBiochar ProcessPersonal communication (A.B. Fuertes)

Pressure reactorRotatory drum kiln


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C

(%)

H

(%)

O

(%)

N

(%)

O/C

(at.)

H/C

(at.)

ASH

(%)

YIELD

(%)

C fixed

(%)

INITL

pH

ACIDI

FpH

COOH

GROUPS

(mol kg-1)

PHENOLIC

GROUPS

(mol kg-1)

FEEDSTOCK CORN

STOVER

42.9 5.8 48.3 0.22 0.84 1.62 2.8

HYDROCHAR CORN

STOVER

67.8 5.3 24.2 0.65 0.27 0.94 2.1 36 57 4.70 Non

Acid.

0.07 0.37

BIOCHAR CORN

STOVER

74.3 2.7 11.4 0.78 0.12 0.43 10.8 28 46 9.89 5.50 0.04 0.30

FEEDSTOCK EUCAL. 48.0 5.9 45.5 0.15 0.71 1.46 0.5

HYDROCHAR EUCAL. 69.7 4.7 23.8 0.10 0.26 0.81 1.1 40 57 4.90 Non

acidif.

0.09 0.48

BIOCHAR EUCAL. 73.2 2.6 15.2 0.38 0.16 0.42 8.6 29 44 10.07 5.75 0.04 0.20


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With Europe...

CSICCSICCSICCSIC


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With Europe...

d

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350

weathering time (h)

Cumulativ

ephosphateP(%

Phosphate P-control

Phospha te P-with HA

b

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350

weathering time (h)

CumulativeK+(

%)

K+-control

K+-with HA

a

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350

weathering time (h)

CmulativeammoniumN(%

Ammonium N-control

Ammonium N-with HA


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Absence of PAHs and PCBs!!!!

0

100

400

900

1600

Position [2Theta]

10 20 30 40 50 60

NZHA.RD

NZWATER.RD

NZORIG.RD

Quartz

Albite

OlivineBassanite

16


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Hydroponics.co.nz

3. Biochar and biochar feedstocks related to soil

carbon accounting

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17Feedstock available- Need to identify feedstocks with a tipping fee or zero cost that donot compromise food and fibre or bioenergy production

- Most abundant feedstock in NZ:- harvest from managed forest- cereal straw and stover- residues from wood processing (at present 75% used as bioenergy)

- Location/transport need tobe considered

- Also, greenwaste, sewage sludge, animal waste

Ogama et al. (2006) Mitigation & Adaptation Strategies for GlobalChange 11:429-444

- Also, drying needs...

- Prunings from horticulture

18i


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18Feedstock availableForest sector:

Source: NZ Forest Owners Association, FITEC

Harvest willincrease to 30 106

m3

over the next10 years

4 106 m3 go topulp industry

4 % of total recoverable volume,left in forest

+ branches

+ bark (18 % of landing residues)

Wastes at harvest site:

2005 2.15 Mt/yr2030 5.06 Mt/yr

19d t k il bl


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19Feedstock availableForest sector (at processing site):

Bark is used for fuelling kilns and dryers at wood-processing plantsAlso landscaping

20%!! Residues~5% bark

Source: NZFI

3.5 Mt/yr

0.8 Mt/yr

20F d t k il bl


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20Feedstock available

Waste to landfill (2007-2008)

743.324 t/yr292,020 t/yr

NZ is producing about 1.75 106 t of total organic waste (?)

About 50% of the timber waste is not treated

21F d t k il bl


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EnergyScape Basis Review: Section 3: Bioenergy Resources, June 2009

* The wood processing industry produces 3.5 Mt pa wood residue. It is alreadydirecting residues to bioenergy production. This quantity is the remainder.

Feedstock available

Source: Jim Jones

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David Laird

Day (2004)

How much can we add?

0.93 t/ha

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How much can we add?

Is not all about adding carbon to the soil...

24


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How much can be accounted for?- Historic Russian soil collection- Historically, steppe burned 1-3 y- Steppe burning stopped ~ 1900- Soils collected ~ 1900- Soils resampled 1997, 2004

Additional role of transport

Less condensed BC structures were lost

- Estimated soil black carbon turnover rangingfrom 182 to 541 years (Hammes et al., 2008)

25


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Sharma et al. (2004)

Kleber and Keiluweit

Lehmann et al. (2005)

How much can be accounted for?

26H h b t d f ?


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tc

BCS (0)

BCS (100)

100 time (years)0

- In the context of biochar-C storage as GHG mitigation activity, thetime horizon of interest is set at 100 years (the global warming potentialis integrated over 100 years for an equivalent amount of atmospheric

CO2)

How much can be accounted for?

- for any amount of C stored away from the atmosphere for at leastthis timeframe we can compute the GHG mitigation benefit

27H h b t d f ?


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27How much can be accounted for?

Need to account for leakage...

Any increase in GHG emission resulting outside of theproject boundaries as a result of the implementation of aproject activity

Pigneri et al. (2009)

Before project activity:

With project activity:

Example comparing charcoal and LGPheating value and stove efficiency

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THANK YOU!!!THANK YOU!!!

www.biochar.co.nz

the new zealand biochar network

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