The New RepublicThe New Republic

Washington Adams Washington Adams AdministrationsAdministrations

1789-18001789-1800

List 5 key List 5 key understandings for understandings for each of the following:each of the following:1.1. Federalist PapersFederalist Papers

2.2. Judiciary Act of 1789Judiciary Act of 1789

3.3. Hamilton’s report on public Hamilton’s report on public credit Hamilton’s report on credit Hamilton’s report on manufacturesmanufactures

4.4. First Bank of the United StatesFirst Bank of the United States

5.5. Bill of RightsBill of Rights

Quiz Washington’s Admin Quiz Washington’s Admin

List 5 key List 5 key understandings for each understandings for each of the following:of the following:1.1. AssumptionAssumption

2.2. Citizen GenetCitizen Genet

3.3. Jay’s TreatyJay’s Treaty

4.4. Elastic Clause Elastic Clause

5.5. Pinckney TreatyPinckney Treaty

6.6. Farwell AddressFarwell Address

Alexander Hamilton Alexander Hamilton 1757-18041757-1804

Genius/intellectualGenius/intellectual Surrogate son of Surrogate son of

WashingtonWashington Worked as adjutant Worked as adjutant

during Revolutionduring Revolution Strong advocate of Strong advocate of

Federal Federal ConstitutionConstitution

Writes Writes Federalist Federalist PapersPapers with with Madison and JayMadison and Jay

PubliousPublious

Alexander Hamilton Alexander Hamilton 1757-18041757-1804

Federalist PapersFederalist Papers- - a series of essays a series of essays and articles written to persuade and create and articles written to persuade and create support for the new Federal Constitution. support for the new Federal Constitution.

– Written under a pseudonym Written under a pseudonym PubliusPublius, really , really by Madison, Hamilton, and Jayby Madison, Hamilton, and Jay

AssumptionAssumption Bank of the United States Bank of the United States

Alexander Hamilton Alexander Hamilton 1757-18041757-1804

Major AccomplishmentsMajor Accomplishments

Advocated for Advocated for AssumptionAssumption::

– The The Federal Government takes over the debtsFederal Government takes over the debts of of the revolution and the states in order to create a the revolution and the states in order to create a strong financial program for the government and strong financial program for the government and strengthen credit worthiness of the government as strengthen credit worthiness of the government as a whole.a whole.

– The Capital of the Fed GOV= Virginia= Washington The Capital of the Fed GOV= Virginia= Washington DCDC

– Created the first Created the first Bank of the United States-Bank of the United States- using using the concept of the the concept of the Elastic Clause of the ConstitutionElastic Clause of the Constitution ––

– See Article I section 8See Article I section 8

Economic PhilosophyEconomic Philosophy

Report on Public Credit Report on Public Credit (1790)(1790) Plan to shape fiscal policies of the Plan to shape fiscal policies of the

administration to favor wealthier groupsadministration to favor wealthier groups In return, the wealthy would lend the gov't In return, the wealthy would lend the gov't

monetary & moral support monetary & moral support Prosperity would trickle down to the massesProsperity would trickle down to the masses Report on ManufacturesReport on Manufactures (1791) (1791) Advocated promotion of a factory system in Advocated promotion of a factory system in

U.SU.S. so the nation could exploit its national . so the nation could exploit its national resources and strengthen capitalism. resources and strengthen capitalism.

Was the basis for the tariff component in Was the basis for the tariff component in his financial plan. his financial plan.

Federalist AgendaFederalist Agenda Strong National Government Support in the Northeast and trading centers both North and South Pro-British -Anti-French Commercial strength (trade) Manufacturing protection- tariff to support trade Advocated strong economic health Fund public debt from revolution Certificates- issue of speculators buying them in anticipation of

government purchase Assume state debts- Assumption plan- in exchange for national

capital in the south – (Washington D. C.)

National Bank– To create stable center for banks– Offer business loans– Create order to the finances of government/taxes and spending– Taxes to build economic strength (debt)– Sale of Western land– Whiskey tax– Import taxes – Subsidiary strategy: to align wealthy elites to support the new

government– Debt the government being in debt was OK for Hamilton

James Madison-James Madison-

architect of the Constitution- architect of the Constitution- Federalist first then Republican- Federalist first then Republican- Father of the ConstitutionFather of the Constitution

Wrote the Bill of RightsWrote the Bill of Rights

Judiciary Act of 1789Judiciary Act of 1789

Establishes the federal court systemEstablishes the federal court system

Organized the Organized the Supreme CourtSupreme Court with a chief with a chief justicejustice (John Jay)(John Jay) and five associates and five associates

Organized federal district and circuit Organized federal district and circuit courts.courts.

Established the office of attorney general. Established the office of attorney general. Courts will Courts will interpret the constitutioninterpret the constitution = =

can overturn laws made by states or the can overturn laws made by states or the CongressCongress

Republican Agenda 1790’sRepublican Agenda 1790’sThomas JeffersonThomas JeffersonNot elitist like Not elitist like FederalistFederalistBelieved in the Believed in the “Common Man”“Common Man”Reacting against the Reacting against the philosophy of the philosophy of the Federalists and Federalists and HamiltonHamiltonPro-French, Pro-French, FrenchFrench Revolution as a great Revolution as a great movement toward movement toward democracydemocracyBelieved in the strength of Believed in the strength of the small farmerthe small farmer

Regarding the National Regarding the National BankBank

–Federal Government had Federal Government had no authority to create the no authority to create the National BankNational Bank

The constitution did not The constitution did not address or allowaddress or allowHamilton said, the Hamilton said, the constitution allows all constitution allows all laws that are necessary, laws that are necessary, known as the known as the Elastic Elastic ClauseClauseBelieved in concepts of the Believed in concepts of the States vs. Federal GovStates vs. Federal Gov

Washington Washington AdministratioAdministration 1789-1796n 1789-1796

Domestic issuesDomestic issues Executive Departments Executive Departments

Established :Established :– War, State, Treasury, War, State, Treasury,

Attorney GeneralAttorney General CabinetCabinet AssumptionAssumption B.U.S.B.U.S. US capitol at Washington US capitol at Washington

DCDC Report on Public Credit Report on Public Credit

17901790 Report on Manufactures Report on Manufactures

17911791 Judiciary Act 1789Judiciary Act 1789

Whiskey Tax, 1791Whiskey Tax, 1791 Battle of Fallen Timbers, Battle of Fallen Timbers,

17941794 Farewell Address, 1796Farewell Address, 1796

Foreign PolicyForeign Policy

Neutrality Neutrality Proclamation, 1793Proclamation, 1793

Citizen GenetCitizen Genet Jay Treaty, 1794 Jay Treaty, 1794 Pinckney Treaty, 1795Pinckney Treaty, 1795

Battle of FBattle of Fallen Timballen Timbersers

1794 1794 General “Mad” Anthony WayneGeneral “Mad” Anthony Wayne Indian battle Americans beat the Indians (a Indian battle Americans beat the Indians (a

group of tribes, supplied and aided by British group of tribes, supplied and aided by British forts in the area)forts in the area)

Major victory for AmericansMajor victory for Americans Reduced Indian resistance to American settlers. Reduced Indian resistance to American settlers. Treaty of Grenville signedTreaty of Grenville signed Native Americans turned over to the United Native Americans turned over to the United

States large parts of modern-day States large parts of modern-day OhioOhio, the , the future site of future site of ChicagoChicago, and the , and the Fort DetroitFort Detroit area. area.

Washington Washington AdministrationAdministration Executive CabinetExecutive Cabinet Neutrality Proclamation of 1793Neutrality Proclamation of 1793

– Proclaimed U.S. neutrality toward the war Proclaimed U.S. neutrality toward the war between Britain and Francebetween Britain and France

– Warned citizens to be impartial to both Britain & Warned citizens to be impartial to both Britain & FranceFrance

Whiskey Rebellion, 1794Whiskey Rebellion, 1794– Eastern Pennsylvania farmers organize and Eastern Pennsylvania farmers organize and

protest whiskey tax and Washington mobilizes protest whiskey tax and Washington mobilizes 15,000 militia to confront, ends peacefully15,000 militia to confront, ends peacefully

– Significance: Washington asserts power of Significance: Washington asserts power of Federal governmentFederal government

– Reminiscent of pre-revolution actions of Brits, Reminiscent of pre-revolution actions of Brits, Lexington…Lexington…

Citizen GenetCitizen Genet (French Diplomat-caused complaint (French Diplomat-caused complaint from Washington)from Washington)

Washington Washington AdministrationAdministration Jay Treaty with British, 1794Jay Treaty with British, 1794

– British and French at war againBritish and French at war again– Americans want to stay out of warAmericans want to stay out of war– Brits had been seizing American propertyBrits had been seizing American property– Bad treaty for Americans- Bad treaty for Americans- – Brink of War, the federalist need to appease British.Brink of War, the federalist need to appease British.– Complaints of seizing US ships, seamen, and inciting Complaints of seizing US ships, seamen, and inciting

Indians on the frontierIndians on the frontier– Jay concludes a treaty that prevents war but Americans Jay concludes a treaty that prevents war but Americans

must pay Revolutionary debtsmust pay Revolutionary debts– British agree to pay for seizure of US propertyBritish agree to pay for seizure of US property and and

promise to leave the forts in the Ohio area. promise to leave the forts in the Ohio area. Pinckney Treaty with Spain, 1795Pinckney Treaty with Spain, 1795

– Negotiated a settlement Americans to navigate/transport goods Negotiated a settlement Americans to navigate/transport goods down the Mississippi to New Orleansdown the Mississippi to New Orleans

– Significance: Americans get another recognition of American claims Significance: Americans get another recognition of American claims and sovereignty over territoryand sovereignty over territory

Madison on Madison on PartisanshipPartisanship

– ““The public good is disregarded The public good is disregarded in conflicts of rival parties. in conflicts of rival parties.

– And measure are too often And measure are too often decided not according to the decided not according to the rules and justice and the rights rules and justice and the rights of the minor party but by the of the minor party but by the superior force of an interested superior force of an interested and overbearing majority”and overbearing majority”

Washington Washington AdministrationAdministration Farewell AddressFarewell Address, , 17961796 Advice Advice

to country (only served 2 terms)to country (only served 2 terms)– Beware of partisanship (political Beware of partisanship (political

party infightingparty infighting– Observe good faith in governmentObserve good faith in government– Avoid international alliancesAvoid international alliances– Support public credit/financesSupport public credit/finances

Adams Administration Adams Administration 1796-18001796-1800

DomesticDomestic• Alien and Sedition Alien and Sedition

Acts, 1798Acts, 1798

• Virginia and Virginia and Kentucky Kentucky Resolutions, 1798Resolutions, 1798

• Judiciary Act 1801Judiciary Act 1801• ““Midnight Judges”Midnight Judges”

Foreign PolicyForeign Policy

• XYZ Affair, XYZ Affair, 17971797

• Quasi War 1798Quasi War 1798 Barbary PiratesBarbary Pirates

Adams Administration Adams Administration 1796-18001796-1800• XYZ Affair, 1797XYZ Affair, 1797-- • Problems with FrenchProblems with French, during the French , during the French

Revolution, French Navy was seizing American Revolution, French Navy was seizing American shipsships

• French Ministers- “XY and Z” asked for bribesFrench Ministers- “XY and Z” asked for bribes in relation to receiving American Ambassadorsin relation to receiving American Ambassadors

• Adams informed CongressAdams informed Congress• Quasi War 1798Quasi War 1798• Hostility on part of US toward French not quite Hostility on part of US toward French not quite

a war.a war.• Congress, Boycott of French trade followedCongress, Boycott of French trade followed• Support for Navy increases in CongressSupport for Navy increases in Congress• Later American-Franco relations improve with Later American-Franco relations improve with

NapoleonNapoleon

Adams and limits Aliens and Adams and limits Aliens and First Amendment Rights- First Amendment Rights- (really about political (really about political infighting)infighting)• Alien and Sedition Acts, 1798Alien and Sedition Acts, 1798 Alien Act- limited immigration and Alien Act- limited immigration and

provided for deportation of provided for deportation of immigrantsimmigrants– Aimed at French immigrants, who Aimed at French immigrants, who

supported the supported the RepublicansRepublicans– Never deported peopleNever deported people

Caused the Republicans to attack the Caused the Republicans to attack the lawlaw

Adams and the Barbary Adams and the Barbary PiratesPirates

• Barbary Pirates-Barbary Pirates- 1794- Algeria 1794- Algeria• Pirates seize American ships, Pirates seize American ships,

cause Congress to support cause Congress to support development of Navy development of Navy

•Navy AppropriationsNavy Appropriations

Adams and Adams and SeditionSedition

Adams and Federalist push for laws Adams and Federalist push for laws regarding libel and seditionregarding libel and sedition

Partisan=political partyPartisan=political party People who opposed measures of the People who opposed measures of the

government – Print, wrote, spoke, or government – Print, wrote, spoke, or False or scandalous/malicious writings False or scandalous/malicious writings

could be prosecuted. could be prosecuted.

Criticism of Government could be punishedCriticism of Government could be punished Some Republican publishers are arrested.Some Republican publishers are arrested.

Virginia/Kentucky Virginia/Kentucky ResolutionsResolutions Republicans response Republicans response from Madison and from Madison and

Jefferson-Jefferson- sponsor attacks on the Alien/Sedition sponsor attacks on the Alien/Sedition ActsActs

Resolutions from the state legislatures of Resolutions from the state legislatures of Kentucky and VirginiaKentucky and Virginia

Said the Said the Alien/Sedition laws were unconstitutionalAlien/Sedition laws were unconstitutional Resolutions were meant to attack Federalists Resolutions were meant to attack Federalists

abuse of powerabuse of power Represent the concept that states have the right Represent the concept that states have the right

to make to make NULL (consider VOID)NULL (consider VOID) acts if Congress acts if Congress that the states that the states consider unconstitutionalconsider unconstitutional= = NullificationNullification

SoutherSouthern Cotton n Cotton EconomEconomyy

Eli Whitney-Eli Whitney- invented the invented the Cotton Gin-Cotton Gin- made made

production of cotton easier production of cotton easier and increased productionand increased production

Led to the expansion of Led to the expansion of cotton industry in the cotton industry in the southsouth

Textile industry will Textile industry will develop in the Northdevelop in the North

Election 1800Election 1800

Election of 1800Election of 1800

Adams Vs. JeffersonAdams Vs. Jefferson Hamilton splits the Federalist votes by Hamilton splits the Federalist votes by

advocating for Pinckney-advocating for Pinckney- Two leading candidates: Jefferson and Burr Two leading candidates: Jefferson and Burr

each had- 73 voteseach had- 73 votes Election was decided by the Election was decided by the House of House of

Reps-Reps- see see Constitution Article II section 1Constitution Article II section 1 Hamilton persuades reps to vote for Hamilton persuades reps to vote for

JeffersonJefferson Jefferson is the Third President of the Jefferson is the Third President of the

United StatesUnited States