The New The New Republic BeginsRepublic Begins

A. TermsA. Terms A document that sets out the A document that sets out the

laws and principles of a laws and principles of a governmentgovernment

ConstitutionConstitution::

ConfederatioConfederationn:: An alliance of independent An alliance of independent

statesstates

TermsTerms RepublicRepublic::

FederalismFederalism::

A government where citizens rule themselves through elected representatives

Federal Gov

State Gov.

A system with a strong federal (national) government and weaker state governments

1777 Articles of 1777 Articles of ConfederationConfederation

Created by the Second Continental Congress

1.One Delegate from each State

2.States had the most power

Federal Government Powers

Declare War

Appoint Military Leaders

Make Money

Foreign Affairs

Pass Laws (Only with 9 of 13 States approval)

WeaknessesWeaknesses

No President to carry out laws

Had to ask States for money

Couldn’t regulate trade

No tax laws

“PLEASE”

Outside NationsOutside Nations

Britain: Refused to remove troops from Ohio River Valley

Spain: Closed New Orleans and access to the Gulf of Mexico

Northwest Territory

Organized into Townships and Section

s

Northwest Ordnance

Same rights as an organized State

No Slavery

Become as a State when population

reached 60,000 Free residents

Equal to existing States

Shay’s RebellionShay’s Rebellion

2,000 MA farmers rebelled against 2,000 MA farmers rebelled against taxestaxes

1.1. CausesCauses Economic problemsEconomic problems MA raised land taxesMA raised land taxes

2.2. ResultsResults Farmers went bankruptFarmers went bankrupt Courts took farmsCourts took farms Farmers rebelledFarmers rebelled

The Constitutional The Constitutional ConventionConvention

May 1787 in Philadelphia, PennsylvaniaMay 1787 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania1.1. 55 Delegates from 12 States55 Delegates from 12 States

Rhode Island was not thereRhode Island was not there2.2. Meeting to revise the Articles of Meeting to revise the Articles of

ConfederationConfederation G. Washington PresidentG. Washington President

3.3. James Madison’s intentJames Madison’s intent Create a new form of GovernmentCreate a new form of Government

Competing PlansCompeting Plans

3 Branches

1.Legislative

2.Executive

3.Judicial

Virginia (Big State) Plan

•2 house legislature

•Population based

New Jersey (Small State) Plan

•1 house legislatur

e

•1 vote per state

The Great CompromiseThe Great Compromise

1.1. Proposed by Robert Sherman of CTProposed by Robert Sherman of CT

2.2. Two House LegislatureTwo House Legislature

3.3. SenateSenate

2 Rep. per state2 Rep. per state

4.4. House of RepresentativesHouse of Representatives

Rep. based on populationRep. based on population

North v. South on North v. South on SlaverySlavery

1.1. Do Slaves get counted?Do Slaves get counted?

2.2. 3/5ths Compromise3/5ths Compromise 3 of every slave is 3 of every slave is

countedcounted

3.3. Slave TradeSlave Trade 1787 – No slavery in the 1787 – No slavery in the

NorthNorth Compromise – Congress Compromise – Congress

couldn’t discuss banning couldn’t discuss banning slavery for 20 yearsslavery for 20 years

Ending the ConventionEnding the Convention

1.1. September 1787September 1787 39 Delegates voted Yea39 Delegates voted Yea 3 voted Nay, Gov. was too big3 voted Nay, Gov. was too big

2.2. Sent to States to discussSent to States to discuss 9 of 13 must ratify to pass9 of 13 must ratify to pass

A Federal SystemA Federal System

1.1. Central GovernmentCentral GovernmentRaise a MilitaryRaise a MilitaryCoin MoneyCoin MoneyRegulate interstate and foreign Regulate interstate and foreign

tradetrade

2.2. State PowersState PowersReg. intrastate tradeReg. intrastate tradeEst. local government, schoolsEst. local government, schoolsPowers not given to the Cent. Gov.Powers not given to the Cent. Gov.

A Federal SystemA Federal System

1.1. Central Central GovernmentGovernment

2.2. State PowersState Powers

3.3. Shared PowersShared Powers Build RoadsBuild Roads Raise TaxesRaise Taxes

The Legislative Branch The Legislative Branch Article 1Article 1

Make LawsMake Laws SenateSenate

Elected by State Legislatures every 6 yearsElected by State Legislatures every 6 years 1912, 171912, 17thth Amendment changed to popular Amendment changed to popular

votevote 2 per state2 per state

House of RepresentativesHouse of Representatives Elected by popular vote every 2 yearsElected by popular vote every 2 years Based on PopulationBased on Population

The Executive Branch The Executive Branch Article 2Article 2

Responsibilities and Powers have Responsibilities and Powers have growngrown

Carry out laws passed by CongressCarry out laws passed by Congress

Commander and Chief of Armed ForcesCommander and Chief of Armed Forces

Responsible for Foreign RelationsResponsible for Foreign Relations

The Judicial Branch The Judicial Branch Article 3Article 3

Highest Court in the CountryHighest Court in the Country

3.3. Hears Cases:Hears Cases: Laws passed by CongressLaws passed by Congress

Interpretation of the ConstitutionInterpretation of the Constitution Disputes involving Gov.Disputes involving Gov.

States and StatesStates and States States and IndividualsStates and Individuals States and the Federal States and the Federal

GovernmentGovernment

Electoral CollegeElectoral College

1.1. ConcernsConcerns Popular President may be Popular President may be

TOOTOO popular popular Voters would not know Voters would not know

candidate outside their areacandidate outside their area

2.2. ElectorsElectors Representatives from each StateRepresentatives from each State Based on no. of Representatives Based on no. of Representatives

in Congressin Congress Educated, well informedEducated, well informed

1. Checks and Balances - 1. Checks and Balances - CongressCongress

PresidentPresident Signs, approves of laws passedSigns, approves of laws passed Vetoes, disapproves, of laws passedVetoes, disapproves, of laws passed

The Supreme CourtThe Supreme Court Declare a law UnconstitutionalDeclare a law Unconstitutional

2. Checks and Balances - 2. Checks and Balances - PresidentPresident

CongressCongress Override a Veto by a two thirds voteOverride a Veto by a two thirds vote Senate Approves Presidential Senate Approves Presidential

AppointmentsAppointments Impeach for serious crimes or Impeach for serious crimes or

misbehaviormisbehavior House brings chargesHouse brings charges Senate tries the PresidentSenate tries the President 2/32/3rdrd vote required to Impeach vote required to Impeach

3. Checks and Balances - 3. Checks and Balances - CourtsCourts

PresidentPresident Appoints new JudgesAppoints new Judges

CongressCongress Remove for misbehaviorRemove for misbehavior Establishes No. of JudgesEstablishes No. of Judges Propose changes to the ConstitutionPropose changes to the Constitution

Ratification - FederalistsRatification - Federalists

1.1. Articles were too Articles were too weakweak

1.1. Need a strong Need a strong Central Gov.Central Gov.

Ratification - Anti-Ratification - Anti-FederalistsFederalists

1.1. Central Gov. too Central Gov. too strongstrong

2.2. States too weakStates too weak

3.3. President had too President had too much powermuch power

4.4. Need a Bill of RightsNeed a Bill of Rights Protection of Individual Protection of Individual

FreedomsFreedoms

RatificationRatification

States RatifiedStates Ratified 1787 Delaware #11787 Delaware #1 1788 New Hampshire #91788 New Hampshire #9

Election of 1789Election of 1789 George Washington PresidentGeorge Washington President John Adams Vice PresidentJohn Adams Vice President

Amendment ProcessAmendment Process

27 Amendments in 200 years27 Amendments in 200 years

1.1. Propose an AmendmentPropose an Amendment By 2/3rds of the CongressBy 2/3rds of the Congress Or by 2/3rds of the StatesOr by 2/3rds of the States

2.2. RatificationRatification Approved, by 3/4ths of the StatesApproved, by 3/4ths of the States

Bill of RightsBill of Rights

1.1. Freedom of:Freedom of: ReligionReligion SpeechSpeech PressPress AssemblyAssembly PetitionPetition

Bill of RightsBill of Rights

1.1. Freedom of:Freedom of:

2.2. Right to Bear ArmsRight to Bear Arms

3.3. Lodging and Troops in Private Lodging and Troops in Private HomesHomes

4.4. Search and SeizureSearch and Seizure

5.5. Rights of the AccusedRights of the Accused

Bill of RightsBill of Rights

6.6. Right to Speedy Trial by JuryRight to Speedy Trial by Jury

7.7. Jury Trial in Civil CasesJury Trial in Civil Cases

8.8. Bail and PunishmentBail and Punishment

9.9. Powers reserved to the PeoplePowers reserved to the People

10.10. Powers reserved to the StatesPowers reserved to the States