The New The New ConstitutioConstitutio

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September 25, 2013 AgendaSeptember 25, 2013 Agenda

1.1. Explain the responsibilities of the 3 Explain the responsibilities of the 3 branches of government.branches of government.

2.2. How long do members of the House and How long do members of the House and Senate serve in office?Senate serve in office?

3.3. How are powers divided between the How are powers divided between the federal government and the states?federal government and the states?

SEPARATION OF POWERSSEPARATION OF POWERS

The powers of the national government The powers of the national government are divided among the 3 branches of are divided among the 3 branches of governmentgovernment– Legislative:Legislative: Makes the lawsMakes the laws– Executive:Executive: Carries out the lawsCarries out the laws– Judicial:Judicial: Interprets the lawsInterprets the laws

Legislative BranchLegislative Branch

The lawmaking body of the federal The lawmaking body of the federal governmentgovernment

Composed of 2 groupsComposed of 2 groups– House of RepresentativesHouse of Representatives– SenateSenate

House of RepresentativesHouse of Representatives

Also known as the “Lower House” or the Also known as the “Lower House” or the “House”“House”Members are elected every 2 yearsMembers are elected every 2 yearsNumber of members per state is Number of members per state is determined by populationdetermined by population– 435 total members435 total members– Number is recalculated every ten years Number is recalculated every ten years

following the census (population count)following the census (population count)– The 3/5 Compromise solved how to count The 3/5 Compromise solved how to count

slaves in state’s populationslaves in state’s population

All spending bills must begin in the HouseAll spending bills must begin in the House

SenateSenateAlso known as the “Upper House”Also known as the “Upper House”

Members elected every 6 yearsMembers elected every 6 years– Originally chosen by state governmentsOriginally chosen by state governments– Now chosen by votersNow chosen by voters

Representation is equal for all statesRepresentation is equal for all states– 2 senators per state (100 senators)2 senators per state (100 senators)– Ensures all states have equal powerEnsures all states have equal power

Has powers not granted to the HouseHas powers not granted to the House– Holds impeachment trialHolds impeachment trial– Approves treaties with foreign nationsApproves treaties with foreign nations– Approves presidential appointmentsApproves presidential appointments

Elastic ClauseElastic Clause

(The power) “to make all laws which shall be (The power) “to make all laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into necessary and proper for carrying into

execution the foregoing powers”execution the foregoing powers”

MeaningMeaning: allows Congress to make laws : allows Congress to make laws and take actions to carry out its and take actions to carry out its

responsibilities.responsibilities.

FEDERALISMFEDERALISM

FEDERALISM: division of the government FEDERALISM: division of the government powers between the states and national powers between the states and national governmentgovernment– Delegated: Powers given to the national Delegated: Powers given to the national

government ONLY. (declaring war)government ONLY. (declaring war)– Reserved: Powers granted to the states Reserved: Powers granted to the states

(education)(education)– Concurrent: Powers shared by both levels of Concurrent: Powers shared by both levels of

government (making laws)government (making laws)

The Executive Branch:The Executive Branch:President and CabinetPresident and Cabinet

Chief Executive: Leader of the nationChief Executive: Leader of the nation

1.1. Enforces the lawEnforces the law

2.2. Issues Executive OrdersIssues Executive Orders

3.3. Appoint and Remove OfficialsAppoint and Remove Officials

Chief Diplomat: Works with foreign leadersChief Diplomat: Works with foreign leaders

1.1. Makes treaties with foreign nationsMakes treaties with foreign nations

2.2. Power of RecognitionPower of Recognition

Chief Legislator: Works with CongressChief Legislator: Works with Congress

1. May Recommend Legislation1. May Recommend Legislation

2. May Veto Bills2. May Veto Bills

3. May allow bills to become law with or without 3. May allow bills to become law with or without signaturesignature

Executive Branch VocabularyExecutive Branch Vocabulary

Line-item veto: Line-item veto: may approve some parts and veto other may approve some parts and veto other parts of spending billsparts of spending bills

Pocket veto: Pocket veto: let a bill die without signing it before let a bill die without signing it before Congress adjournsCongress adjourns

Reprieve: Reprieve: postpone the execution of a sentencepostpone the execution of a sentence

Pardon: Pardon: legal forgiveness for a crimelegal forgiveness for a crime

Commutation: Commutation: the power to reduce the length of a the power to reduce the length of a sentence or the amount of a finesentence or the amount of a fine

Amnesty: Amnesty: a general pardon granted to a group of violatorsa general pardon granted to a group of violators

Clemency: Clemency: leniency or mercy used in cases of federal leniency or mercy used in cases of federal offenseoffense