islam and the branches
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Islam and the branches. Muhammad. Born around 570 AD 610 – Gabriel enters Muhammad’s life 613 – Preaches publicly in Mecca – faced with hostility. People still believe in many gods. 622 – Decides to leave Mecca for Medina (Hijrah) 633 – returns to Mecca with 10,000 followers - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Islam and the branches
MuhammadO Born around 570 ADO 610 – Gabriel enters
Muhammad’s lifeO 613 – Preaches publicly in
Mecca – faced with hostility. People still believe in many gods.
O 622 – Decides to leave Mecca for Medina (Hijrah)
O 633 – returns to Mecca with 10,000 followers
O 635 – Muhammad dies
O Many pledged loyalty to Muhammad and many converted
O Unfortunately – he did not name a successor to take over!
O Didn’t teach his followers how to chose one
O Relying on ancient custom – Abu Bakr became first caliph – successor or deputy
3 more after AbuO Umar, Uthman and AliO All knew MuhammadO Used the Quran to guide
them!
O Known as “rightly guided” caliphs
O Abu promised to uphold what Muhammad stood for
JihadO Many denounced Islam nowO Abu invoked Jihad – “strive” – armed
struggle against unbelieversO All four caliphs expanded Muslim
territory
O People never forced to convert – However, Christians and Jews were not allowed to spread religion
O Uthman – murderedO Ali – right to rule challenged also
killed
Umayyad's
O Elective system of choosing a caliph died too!O Umayyad's – moved capital city to DamascusO Gave up on how caliphs ran gov’t – focused themselves on money and greedO Many people divided now
Foot soldier
Sunni-Shi’a SplitO Most accepted their
rule – minority resistedO Those who resisted
believed whoever would be next caliph HAD to be a descendent of Muhammad!
O Called Shi’a or Shi’ites
O Those who followed Umayyad - Sunni
Main differencesSunni Shi’a
The first 4 caliphs were rightly Believe Ali (Muhammad's son-in- guided law) should have succeeded
Muslim Rulers should follow All Muslim rulers should beMuhammad’s examples descendants of Muhammad
Claim Shi’a have a distorted Claim Sunni have distorted meaningmeaning of the Qur’an of Qur’an
