THE NEW AGE, THURSDAY OCTOBER 7, 1909.

BLASPHEMY AND THE SUFFRAGETTES. THE

A WEEKLY REVIEW OF POLITICS, LITERATURE AND ART No. 787] [S%& Vol. V. No 24] THURSDAY, OCTOBER 7, 1909 ONE PENNY

CONTENTS. PAGE

NOTES OF THE WEEK . ,. ... ... ... ... 421 Mr. BELLOC ON THE CHURCH AND SOCIALISM ... ... 423 BRITISH EAST AFRICA--V. By Mombasa ... ... ... 424

THE JEW IN SOCIALISM By Gustav Pearlson ... ... 426 A LOST ART--III. By William Poel ... ... ... 427 UNPLEASANT Poems ... ... 428

SOCIAL DEMOCRACY AND FOREIGN POLICY--II. By C. H. Norman ... ... ... ... ... ... 425

... ... ... BLASPHEMY AGAINST THE H O L Y GHOST. By Hastings Lloyd 429

All communications for the Editor should be sent to 38, Cursitor Street Chancery Lane, E.C.

NOTES OF THE WEEK. OXENSTIERNA, the Chancellor of Gustavus Adolphus, used to say : “ O si sciant homines quantula providentil reguntur.” O h , if men only knew what fools their rulers are ! W e d o n o t believe that at this moment a mortal soul in Lords or Commons has the ghost of a notion what to do. As for the Lords,

They can and they can’t, They will and they won’t, They‘ll be damned if they do, They’ll be damned if they don’t.

The Commons are equally perplexed. There is n o general desire in the Cabinet to end the House of Lords, and how to mend i t without r isking ending it is beyond their divination. No one need wonder, there- fore, that in all this sea of perplexity the journals are lost in contradictions, and change with every changing breeze. The poor “Times,” that unwieldy leviathan, is as hard put to for a course to steer as the frailest cockleshell. Nothing has ever equalled the confusion cf thought or the babel of tongues in its editorial conclaves ; and in this it represents ail the country and all the Cabinet. Only a little knot of persons are keeping their heads. * + *

W h a t is all the fuss about? We heralded the Budget as a beginning at any rate of Socialist taxation As such it was undoubtedly calculated to stir terror in the hearts cf capitalists and oligarchs meditating a remote posterity ; and as such presumably it was attacked. But we have repeatedly declared that what with one concession and another the Budget is no longer the thing it was. There remains in it almost nothing cf which the Lords need to he afraid. If we except the Valuation Clauses, which do indeed provide a Doomsday Book of incalcuIable value for the coming Socialist Government, there is really little left of which we can make much use. T h e Socialism cf the Budget has been, over-valued. I t is, like “Punch not so good as it used to be, and i t never M-ÛS. Consequently the Lords, in preparing to reject it , are fighting with a shadow ; and in . that f ight they r isk to lose some substance. * + *

For there is no doubt whatever that the coming struggle, if it occur on the Budget and in January, will turn less upon the Budget itself than upon the House of Lords. And we frankly say that the same force that drove Liberalism into a more advanced Budget than the Cabinet cared for will drive Liberalism to greater lengths than it cares for i n the curtailment of the powers of the Lords, SociaIists as a ruIe have

Books AND PERSONS. By Jacob Tonson ... BOOK OF THE WEEK: The Curse of Cain.

Randall ... ... ... ... REVIEWS : The English Review for October

I n Ambush ... ... ... .. Sam . . . . . . ... ... ... The Vortex ... ... ... ...

Drama : John Bull, and Others. By Ashley CORRESPONDENCE : Charles A. Money, An

Harold Hiller ... ... ...

... ... By Alfred E. ... ...

... ...

... ... ... ...

... ... Dukes ... Englishman,

... ...

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little concern with one party or the other ; but they certainly are bespeaking the reversion of the powers of the House of Commons. Our minds are set on i t , and the Chamber and all its powers are almost as good as ours. For this reason, while at present it disturbs US only slightly that the Lords should bar the way of Liberal Bills, it would disturb u s considerably if they proposed to increase their powers of control in view of our ascent to power in the Commons. At the threat of this Socialists w i l l drop for a while their immediate concern and join any party that attacks the Lords. And Socialists in this matter will be like Botha in the Goer War last in but last out.

* * * The campaign, therefore, on which everybody seems

to be so greatly entering, will prove Ionger than most people suppose. Hitherto the mass cf the people have consented to t h e retention of hereditary privileges by the Lords, obsolete and ridiculous as they are simply because the Lords were either. too foolish or too wise to exercise them unpopularly. But the moment they become a menace to anything popular, the ancient democratic cry of Downn with Privileges will be raised, and the campaign which begins politically will end socially. We do not say that the manorial castles of the Lords will i n ten years be public s a n a t o r i a museums, and public SCHOOLS, but we shall have taken a step towards that desirable end. There is no fixing the limits cf the tide that may now he rising ; and we warn our hereditary legislators to beware before they speak t h e word that may not be recalled

* * * Of course it is gall ing to reflect that one’s ancient

privileges have evaporated. But they really will not he much missed after a year or two. i t is four hundred years since the Lords had full-blownn power over the public purse ; and waht have they lost in losing i t? Not even their money. After the French revolution titles were of el-en greater value than they were before it. The King is more powerful \vithout power than with power. Similarly, we do noî flatter ourselves that even if the Lords lose their veto in t h e coming struggle they will lose their power ; not, at least, unti; ThE NEW AGE is the daily organ of a Socialist Government. Till then the Lords should really sympathise a little, a s they safely c a n with a Liberal Cabinet, busily laying eggs for a non-elected Chamber to addle. Is it the game, we ask? After al l , even one’s enemies must be allowed a victory now and then.

* * * \Ve confess at the end of it all that we do

not know, y-e even, what is going to happer, We still do not believe tha t t h e Lords will throw ou t the Budget And why i f they do not, Parliament should dissolve either now or i n January we have not the faintest notion in our opin ion to dissolve until 191I

NEW AGE

THE NEW AGE OCTOBER 7, 1909 4 2 2

would be merely to succumb to bluff. I t would convict the Government either of cowardice or of weakness ; weakness due perhaps to internal dissensions. The argument that the Lords can demand a Referendum is ridiculous : it involves what has always been denied by both parties,’ namely, a belief in the mandate-theory of elections. Of all the reactionary theories the mandate theory is the worst It reduces members of Parliament to the position of delegates to a Trade Union Congress, with this additional humiliation, that not only are their votes determined but the subjects on which they may vote. W e sincerely hope, if only for this reason, that the Government will stick to office if the Lords accept the Budget. Representative government is not played out yet.

* **

The (attitude of the Labour Party during the election has been discussed by the public and defined in advance by Mr. Keir Hardie and Mr. Henderson. It is to fight for the Budget and against the House of Lords for all they are worth. That is, in our view, the sound policy, and we are particularly glad to find Mr. Hardie explicitly repudiating any support of the Liberal Party as such. It is the Budget that is in need of defence by Socialists and the House of Lords that needs to be attacked. When the Liberal Party has declared for Socialism it will be time to ally ourselves with them. Till then we will support only such Bills as they introduce that originate with us, and them we will’ never desert. Pace “Justice ” and certain Social- Democrats, we see no reason for supposing that the public will confuse the Liberal Party with the Labour Party. Nor do we, any longer fear what once we feared, that the Liberal Party itself will fall into that error.

* * *

On the contrary, the danger now to be feared is that the Labour Party may identify and confuse itself with Socialism before it really understands what Social-. ism means. Oh, we have been so anxious that the Labour Party should declare itself Socialist that we never thought of the objections Socialism might raise ! We observe that Mr. Keir Hardie has been saying that the Labour Party meant to govern the Empire. God forbid, unless the Labour Party of those Imperial days shall be very different from the present ! Yet there its no denying that this is the vision that gladdens the heart of Mr. Keir Hardie and, to a less vivid degree, the hearts of all his followers. It is also the vision that will make impossible any real fusion of the Labour with the Liberal Party. W e may therefore be sure that the immediate danger that threatened exists no longer ; and the remoter danger concerns only states- -men of a longer sight than mere politicians possess.

* * U

The treatment of the Suffragettes in prison has suddenly taken a sinister turn. A number of them imprisoned for violence during Mr. Asquith’s visit to Birmingham have been subjected while in prison to forcible feeding in a form euphemistically named by Mr. Masterman full hospital treatment. This descrip- tion has naturally been resented by doctors, one of whom has written an indignant letter to the “Times,” protesting against the unpleasant association of punish- ment with healing. W e can scarcely find words to express our horror at the act, and still more, our apprehension at the spectacle of an almost indifferent public and a giggling House of Commons. W e a r e very .much afraid that it means . that the tactics of violence lately adopted by the Suffragettes have not only failed but will continue to fail. The mood that permits the violence of women to be avenged by the violence of prison wardresses will, we fear, permit Mr. Herbert Gladstone the satisfaction of his worst instincts in repressing the active critics of the Government. If we believed that our words would have any weight, we would appeal to the Suffragettes . t o change their tactics, less Out o f . self-respect than to spare what rags of respect still remain to men.

* * * To the Government we are afraid it is useless to

appeal either with reason, persuasion, or with force. Against all three they are triply armed by stupidity, cunning, and greater force. Yet if ever there was a case for intelligence the present is surely the occasion. Intelligence, we are certain, would find a way of deal- ing with the women even without conceding to them the vote. It is ridiculous to suppose that the mere vote is the sum total of the women’s demands or that the desire to, possess ,it is the motive force of their movement. Once discover the secret needs that have driven women into the hurly-burly of politics and satisfy them, and the demand for the vote would collapse. But who among our politicians understands those needs? W e may even say that few of the women are completely articulate on the subject, still fewer articu- late in public. Far this very reason we have little hope that any change for the better will arrive until some ghastly act brings everybody to their senses, women and politicians too. * * *

Of one thing we may be sure, that all the argumenta- tion of men will be in vain. Surely men have learned that it is useless to argue with passionate women. Moreover, the arguments so far advanced by men have only a masculine validity. We think we know them all, and we think women right in despising them. But it does not follow that there is no profounder objection to votes for women than men have So far discovered. Only they have not yet hit upon it, that is all ; nor, we dear, will they ever hit u p it while they remain vainly endeavouring to rely upon what in the end is simply brutal and ignorant force. The possession of superior force invariably makes men stupid, since it dispenses with the use of brains. Mr. Lupton, we think, came nearest the attitude of intelligence in sug- gesting that the Suffragettes should be unconditionally released so soon as they showed signs of really intend- ing to starve themselves. Releasing them is certainly a less danger to the State than forcibly feeding them. After all, does anybody seriously .suppose that criminals will be induced thereby to follow the same course? No real criminal would ever starve himself to get out of a , prison that was not made hell for him.

***

Mr. Belloc asked a number of questions in the House designed to show that men in prison had been com- pelled to submit to forcible feeding without any disturbance in Parliament. But this objection comes strangely from an anti-Suffragist, who believes, in the inspired words of Mr. Austen Chamberlain, that men are men and women are women. To itsist on identical treatment for men and women in respect of punish- ment and to deny it in respect of political status is only one of the masculine inconsistencies which properly irritate women. There is also something particularly grim in the suggestion that women should be forced to share the disabilities of men f o r daring to ask to share his abilities. This is not the atmosphere in which a solution of the really serious problem of what to do with the Suffragettes is likely to be found. But we are afraid it is general. Once more we plead for an understanding on both sides. If Mr. Asquith would meet a deputation and frankly explain his attitude, the air would be cleared for an interval ; and in that interval reason might again be heard. * * *

There is one advantage in the misrepresentations of Socialism which Lord Rosebery and others have manu- factured. They will serve as red-herrings to draw the hunt from the right trail. While the House of Lords is preparing to combat Socialism and Mr. Balfour is raising the war-cry of Tariff Reform against Socialism, Mr. Sidney Buxton, the Postmaster-General, is explaining to an applauding House that his depart- ment has acquired for the nation the whole system and monopoly of wireless telegraphy, and everybody con- gratulates him on the low price at which he got it. “ I am satisfied,’’ he said, “that i t is to the public interest. . . . . I think it important that no private monopoly in wireless telegraphy should be allowed to grow up.” Admirable words. Would they might be used of every public utility capable of public ownership.. Such is the

OCTOBER 7, 1909 THE NEW AGE 423

Socialism that means, Lord Rosebery tells us, the end of all, of faith, home, King, Empire.

* * *

Mr. Lloyd George is having his revenge on Mr. Snowden for forcing the Budget on him. A fortnight ago there was a Conversation over the tea table in the ’ House, during which Mr. Lloyd George lectured Mr. Snowden on his manners. Last week Mr. Lloyd George had the happiness of calling Mr. Snowden a n ultra-Tory and a Conservative of the worst description ; and, what is more, proving it to the mind of Mr. Rees. Demonstration can no farther go. Mr. Snowden had ventured to suggest that Mr. Lloyd George’ was giving away too much of their mutual Budget. In, particular, he was, favouring the landed interest by allowing deductions on repairs and improvements made by land- lords on their cottage and other property. This was too good a chance to, be missed, and Mr. Lloyd George promptly accused Mr. Snowden of desiring to penalise a good landlord for daring to spend money on his labourers’ cottages. Mr. Snowden unfortunately had no reply ; or it was too long to be begun. There is a reply and a very effective one. W e invite Mr. Snowden to state it in THE NEW AGE. * * *

We take a wicked satisfaction in quoting the follow- ing sentence from the “Times ” ’of October 1st : “ If the extent of the distress which exists in London is to be gauged by the number of applications to, the distress committees for assistance, then the coming winter appears to be likely to be an even more severe time for the poor than last winter was.” This means that there can be no shirking the problem of. civilisation, which is unemployment. Either civilisation must solve unem- ployment or unemployment will dissolve civilisation. How much nearer, we ask, are we to the solution? The Poor Law Commission has reported and the Minority Commissioners distinctly and solemnly pledge their word that they have discovered the solution of the problem. That is a n advance. But a way without a will is even more useless than a will without a way. We can’ only hope that unemployment will continue knocking at our doors, and, if need he, smashing our windows until our attention is finally aroused. London promises well !

Mr. Belloc on the Church and Socialism.

The Catholic Church is throughout the world opposed to the

The Church is a supreme expert in men. The Catholic Church . . . . knows men so thoroughly that

while insisting upon equality in all higher things . . . . it does not insist upon equality in economic employment. IN a supplement to the “Tablet ” of September 25 is printed a paper read by Mr. Belloc before the Catholic Truth Society’s Conference recently held at Manches- ter. W e comment on that paper in THE NEW AGE less because we have any particular fear of the Catholic opposition to Socialism than because Mr. Belloc’s per- sonal opposition t o Socialism strikes us always . a s worthy of consilderation. It must be so even if Mr. Belloc did not choose to regard his objections as based on Catholic doctrines ; as, in fact, we believe they are not. But definitely attached to Catholicism by Mr. Belloc we may hope that in our reply we shall have

,.the satisfaction of killing two birds with one stone. We must first forget the superstition that there is

any miraculous attribute of the Roman Catholic Church. .In the same number of the “Tablet ” in which Mr. Belloc’s article appears is the annual account of the annual miracle of the liquefaction of the blood of St. Januarius. But we do not believe in the miraculous liquefaction of the blood of St. Januarius. W e do not know. exactly why we do not believe in it, nor do we much care. We do no t know why we do not believe’ the-moon is made of green cheese. We simply don’t. Similarly all the ‘atmosphere of ’ miracle sùrrounding’ the Roman Church is for us no more than the atmos-

modern theory of Society, which is called Socialist.

phere of romance surrounding the English Monarchy o r even the English House of Lords. Once penetrate that atmosphere and we find men, men differing in temperament, in intellect, in this, that, and the other, but essentially human men.

Mr. Belloc is just enough in his case against Socialism to make no claim for the Church on the ground of its supernatural origin. He confines him- self to the purely rational view of the Church, which is, that it is a body of experts ; and he tells us that the Church is particularly expert in the understanding and management of men.

Now this, we. cannot doubt, is on the whole t rue The Church has over and over again shown the most amazing skill in dealing with the most difficult men. But experts are not infallible. And there is no doubt whatever that over and over again the Church has made mistakes. Mr. Belloc would probably have us believe that the Reformation, though a mistake, was not a mistake made by the Church. We contend, however, that it was. It is rather the way of rulers everywhere to blame the ruled for rebelling, and it is a purely human instinct on the part of the Church to regard Luther and his followers as acting under the influence of the devil. But the fact remains that the Church showed no mastery of the situation, either in allowing it to arise or still less in allowing it to become formid- able and finally successful.

Other examples of the failure of the expert Church to handle men in a masterly fashion will occur to the reader, ,and need not be enumerated here. They do not abstract from the claim of the Church to be expert in the comparative sense, more expert than most tem- poral governors ; but they do demonstrate the common proposition that experts are not infallible.

Even the possession of a complete theory of their material would not enable an expert body to avoid mistakes for ever. Plato’s guardians, though super- naturally led, were permitted by him to be liable even to fatal errors in the course of time. For the very wisest there is, as Ibsen says, an ambush laid by the world-will into which they will sooner or later ’ fall.

But the Church does not hold in our opinion a com- plete theory of the nature of its material ; and for the simple reason that a complete knowledge of men is as yet impossible. But the Church assumes not only that such a knowledge is possible, but the Catholic Church possesses it. Consequently its errors are a t the same time both constant and consistent : they recur with regularity whenever the Church is faced by a con- tradiction in fact of its theory, and they are consistent in this, that they are always the same error.

Briefly stated, the error lies in regarding men solely in the absolute sense. This, indeed, is a necessary con- dition of the claim to know men completely. Only the absolute can be absolutlely known. Knowledge of the relative is of necessity relative, and, if we may say so, only complete pro tem. We do not undervalue this absolute conception of man, but we deny entirely that it is sufficient to a complete understanding of the prob- lem, The relative may in the comparison be more difficult to deal in, but it I s nevertheless equally neces- sary. While, therefore; the Church maintains its abso- lute standard, and refuses .to supplement it by a rela- tive standard, its judgment of men must always be partial and inadequate. As a . matter of fact, it would not be difficult to show that Mr. Belloc instinctively recognises exactly where the place -of the absolute theory of man ceases to be valid and where, conse- quently, the relative theory should be employed. An indication of this recognition is to be found in the last of the three :extracts given above from Mr. Belloc’s paper.

Let us see exactly, however, the. forms in which this error in theory of the Catholic Church is manifested. We can see it clearly enough in .the ,attitude of the Church towards the theory of evolution. Evolution in the ordinary conception was a flat; denial of. t he &so- lute : its exponents held . that them was nothing fixed and eternal in nature or in man. . That , of course, was untrue, and the Church was right to say so. ,But the Church was wrong in affirming .the contrary, -namely,

424 THE NEW AGE

that everything was fixed and eternal in the face of the evidcence of science that whole kingdoms of nature suf- fered transformation in course of time.

The truth of the matter is that the real state of affairs can only be expressed in a paradox. Essen- tially and spiritually there is nu change, and only the absolute is eternally true. But temporarily and -in the world of appearance there is nothing but change, and only the relative is true. Science fought for the one, the Church maintained the other, and thus a collision between two inadequate truths was brought about from which each of the parties has suffered ever since. The Church has lost its hold on the things of common know- ledge : science has last its vision of the things of the spirit. The Church remains fanatically spiritual. Science became fanatically materialistic. But the primary blame lies at the door of the Church in refusing to recognise a human need become articulate.

If we are to take Mr. Belloc as speaking for the Catholic Church, we are, it seems, to witness the exact repetition of this error in the attitude of the Church towards the theory of society .named Socialism. Again we behold the Church about to take its stand upon an absolute conception without so much a s a recognition of the place of the relative. Man we are to assume, is a fixed and known quantity : all his desires a r e fixed, ticketed, checked and guaranteed eternal by the omni- scient Church. And not only a re men in general known in this absolute way, but men in particular, individual men, have their known and fixed status from which they can never be moved except at peril to their happiness. A man may, i t is true, slip out of his place by transgression of himself or of society, but neither he nor society will be comfortable until he either gets back or is by the grace of God put back. Any new grouping of society on a permanent basis is impossible. There is only restoration, not advance. Socialism, which aims a t a new order of society such as has never before been seen is aiming at the impos- sible. There is only one .stable form of 'society, and that is the form dictated by the Church, that body of infallible experts in men to whom everything human is known once and for all.

NOW, plainly, we can no more prove that the Church is wrong than we can prove that the blood of St. Januarius does not liquefy miraculously, or that the m o m i s not made of green cheese. If anybody likes to maintain a dogma, all we can do is to whittle away at its authority, bring evidence against it, and generally to wear down by a constant dripping of facts upon it the adamant of which it is composed. We cannot, therefore, diefinitely prove once and for, all that Mr. Belloc and the Catholic Church are talking nonsense when they assert that the desire to own land individu- ally is an eternal and ineradicable desire only to he satisfied by peasant proprietorship (for that is what in practice Mr. Belloc's theory amounts to), but we can throw doubts on the validity of the proposition, by appeals to history, to psychology, and to common sense. And this we propose to do in subsequent articles,

British East Africa. V.

Wanted : A Commission of Enquiry. EARLY in 1907 the present Legislative Council was con- stituted. By the admission of civilian members a concession was made to the demand for representative government. No consideration was shown for popular election. The number of civilians to be appointed was limited to three only. The selection rested with the Governor, who nominated two for the Highlands-Lord Delamere and Mr. H. H. Baillie-and one for the Coast -Mr. J. H. Wilson of the old and reputed firm of Smith, Mackenzie and Co., of Mombasa. The first and last were decidedly the best and most popular appointments. Mr.. Baillie was far from being an old settler, his experience and interests were 1ess than those of others commanding more confidence among settlers, but otherwise his selection was not unfavourably accepted,

OCTOBER 7 , 1909

In the course of 1907 friction arose between the Governor and the settlers on the Highlands in conse- quence of repeated delays on the part of the Governor in dealing with Labour questions. This culminated in a memorable visit of a body of settlers to the Governor's residence. The attitude of the deputation was misrepre- sented by the Governor's secretary, Mr. Monson, and Sir J. Hayes Sadler, in a moment of petulant irritation, demanded from the Home Government the removal of Lord Delamere and Mr. Baillie from the Council, stigmatising the latter in contemptuous terms, which raised scornful wonder amongst Colonials as to the reasons which had prompted his selection. They were duly removed). Meanwhile Mr. Wilson had gone home on leave. The appointment of Major Leggett, D.S.O., was remarkable. True, he was at the time a newly- elected Director of the Chamber of Commerce, but he had not the confidence of the commercial community of Mombasa. At the following annual meeting of the Chamber he could not obtain a seconder to his nomina- tion : he was regarded as an outsider, who had no regard for the interests of the Protectorate other than his own or the firm he represented. So that for some months the Highlands had no representative on the Council, and the Coast only one, whom Mombasa repu- diated. Feeling ran very high respecting the removals, and in February, 1908, the two representatives for the Highlands were, by instructions from home, reinstated. An additional member had been appointed a short time previously in the person of Captain H. H. C'wie, of Nairobi. The position and powers of the representa- tives from the first were reduced to the term used by the Governor respecting Mr. Baillie, "puppets." A more deplorable exhibition of disregard of the Intrinsic principles of Parliamentary representation it is difficult to imagine. If popular election be tabooed, surely a modified expression of public opinion and choice, such as a resolution by the Chambers of Cornmerce convey- ing a re-ommendation for membership, might be adopted.

Finance.-The revenue for 1907-8 was £474,759 I 1s.. 7d. To this must be added the Home Parliamentary grant of £152,975, and a special grant of £40,000 for the abolition of slavery. Total, £667,734 11s. 7d.

The expenditure amounted to £691,676 17s. 4d. The Annual Report No. 592 does not make clear how the special grant is disposed of. Under the head of Aboli- tion of Slavery an item of £ 9 3 8 4s. 4d. is shown, and a remanet of £34,000 (re-voted for 1908-9) appears. Anyhow, it is fair to assume the balance has been spent. On what?

The railway has cost up to March 31st, 1908, £5,456,700. It returns a profit in round figures of 1 1/4 per cent. A noticeable feature is that the receipts are lower than in the preceding year by £4,755 2 s . 2d. The future of the railway depends very largely-indeed I am of opinion absolutely-upon wise development and extension. At present the traffic from up country in the main comes across Lake Victoria from German East Africa, the Congo district, and Uganda. The total exports from British East Africa, 1907-8, were £515,052, and of this no less than 42 per cent. came from the districts, indicated. When the extensions of railways from Tanga and Dar-es-Salaam are completed the greater portion of this 42 per cent. will be trans- ferred to German East Africa. It i s true this may be sis or eight years distant. Still, the prospective loss of traffic cannot be ignored. There will also disappear the carriage of goods from the coast up to the Lake, destined for German East Africa. The value of these is 43/4 p e r cent on £799,717, the total of imports for 1907-8.

Another prospective decrease of traffic receipts-and a near one-is the legitimate demand by Uganda for a proportion of the receipts for traffic sent to and received from that Protectorate.

Customs.--The receipts for the year were £2,585 7 s . of less than the previous year. In view of the fact that it has been agreed to pay the Uganda Government a substantial proportion of the duty payable on Uganda imports through Mombasa, we must look forward to a material reduction o f revenue under this heading.

THE NEW AGE OCTOBER 7, 1909

A humorous incident of the discussion in the Council upon Customs duty occurred in connection with the proposed tax on “ Tembo,” which is fermented into a highly intoxicating drink from the liquor tapped from cocoanut trees. The tapping considerably reduces the production of copra, which is a declining industry.

Rubber and fibre are heavily taxed, but the native gets his “ tembo ” duty Free. The white man pays an increased duty on every glass of intoxicant he swallows.

Land Sales produced £2,820 9s. I Id., or £1,048 12s. rod. less than in 1906-7. A sufficient comment upon my strictures on land administration.

Roads, Bridges etc.--The Public Works Department issue a list of buildings, roads, etc., urgently required in 1908-9. Towards the total of £13,254 the estimates provide for £8,184 out of this list. £829 goes to construct a pier a t Malindi, which no one at that centre wants, but it is to be provided for the especial benefit of one or two planters half a dozen miles away from the town. Malindi can continue to lighter its goods and produce at inconvenience and cost. A lovely illus- tration of the regard some officials have f’or the require- ments of an important port such as Malindi. £500 is allotted for roads on the coast to the north of Mom- basa, and a like sum for those to the south. Such a vote is about sufficient to keep the paths (you cannot define them as roads : in many places they are not three feet wide ; the streams have to be forded) free of weeds. Of course I may be met with the statement that the money is not available. As I have briefly dealt with finance this may be so but my next paragraph will show how money could have been allocated more wisely than it has been. In any case, the funds which might have been available could by no possibility do more than carry out small urgent work. When Mr. Churchill visited Mombasa he was entirely in error when he told the merchants there what was being spent on coast and local communications. When may we expect to hear anything of the “valuable information ” he has con- veyed to Downing Street upon this and kindred subjects ? Good roads are as essential as railway deve- lopments. No expenditure can be better made than on these two requirements, but it would be unreasonable to say the Government can construct in a thorough manner the roads necessary for coast development out of the funds under their control. Thereby hangs the consideration of a loan or other scheme by which the Home Government can assist the Protectorate.

I l l - judged Expenditure.--In a Colony so new as British East Africa greater importance attaches to the spending of small sums of money than in more advanced countries. What might be a trifle in the latter is of vital moment in the former. Here we have driblets of £500 towards requirements of £5,000 or more. Con- trast this with £23,000 for moving Treasury head- quarters from Mombasa to, Nairobi, £2O,OOO for drainage, and £1O,OOO for new houses for officials in the latter town, a total of £53,000 i n addition to large sums previously spent on drainage, etc. £53,000 for what object? Simply for the personal convenience of the Governor and some of his staff. At Mombasa at present, and for long to come, the heart of the commerce and shipping of British East Africa--there are fine Treasury buildings, a beautiful residence for the Governor, as good homes for officials as can-be desired, but the late Governer found that i n the climate of Nairobi (‘he could do more work,” so the’ Treasury is thrown away and officials’ houses remain empty almost the whole year.

Mombasa is hot, bu t the climate is healthy, so far as the Tropics can be healthy. Merchants have to. abide where their business lies. Their trade cannot be moved to Nairobi because it is cooler there than a t the coast ; but to make it pleasant for Government officials the disturbance of local interests does not matter, and other imperative needs must go to the wall. By the way, the poor officials who sweater in a veritable death-trap a t Kisumu, on the Lake, do not appear likely to share in the privileges of Nairobi.

Economies.-There is ample room for economy in the antediluvian Transport Department. The Forest Con- servancy is under a most able expert from South Africa.

425

but expense might be curtailed for some years by placing varlous. districts under the .control of well-known settlers and native headmen until a most desirable revenue can be obtained from the sale of valuable timber. Such revenue, however, to a large degree depends upon railway extension.

One of the needs of Mombasa is municipal control. So long as foreign Powers held extra territorial rights the Government had no power or jurisdiction in the Sultan’s territories outside treaty rights. Sanitary regulations, building regulations, power to tax-for muni- cipal purposes or services, all these are urgently waiting authority to determine. The extra-territorial rights were, however, transferred to British jurisdiction at the end of 1907, and the Government was free to deal with the matter. Eighteen months have passed, and the repeated promises t o deal with the question as soon as the impediment was removed still remain unfulfilled.

If your space permitted I might go on about other topics deserving of attention, but I submit that I have shown beyond the possibility of refutation great evils being ignored, great evils being perpetrated, the pro- gress of the Protectorate arrested, the interests of settlers and planters misapprehended and injured, the talents and efforts of capable Civil Servants thrown away, the elevation of the natives hindered, the glorious opportunities for building up a splendid addition to the long list of achievements of British administrators allowed to pass without heed or thought.

I contend for a Commission of Enquiry, and I believe the great body of public opinion in this country will support my contention.- Such a Commission would eventually satisfy the British people that in British East Africa-with adequate land laws, labour regulations, communications by road and rail and coastal steam service, a Civil Service free from the weaknesses and overlapping prevalent now., an extended railway system, an extension of responsible government-agriculture, farming on the Highlands, all the tropical products on the Lowlands would advance by leaps and bounds, emigration, both of whites and Indians, would swell the population, there would be a great demand for imports of a11 kinds, a call for labour, and lastly, a justification and security for financial support. Mombasa

[THE END.

Social Democracy and Foreign Policy.

II. The next matter for discussion is the relation of

foreign policy-using the term now more in an Imperial sense-to the subject races, to the Colonies, and the Dependencies. Socialists and Democrats must grasp this elemental truth about (‘subject races.” The subject races, brown and black, are the proletariat in those countries where the white man rules. The black in South Africa is exploited by the white workman a s well as by the white capitalist. The Labour Party emphasised that very definitely in the Debate on, the “colour bar ” which has been established in South Africa. Just as the “half-timer ” and the child worker are exploited by their parents, so the black workman is exploited by his white superior worker. Imperialism is Capitalism in operation abroad, with this profound distinction. The British workman at home is exploited by the capitalists for profit. The black workman is exploited by the capitalist and by the British and colonial democracies for their joint benefit. True that certain benefits of orderly government are given in exchange ; but the British workman receives certain benefits from a good employer which are almost analogous, such as comfortable and sanitary work places, good houses, short hours, etc., etc.

The coloured proletariat is exploited by a nation ; the white proletariat is exploited by the capitalist classes of a nation. One is the victim of national exploitation ; the other is the victim of a class exploitation.

Turning to the colonies, pure and simple, there is the conflict of colonial ambitions and Imperial safety. The

426 THE NEW A G E

foreign policy of England is often the subject of bitter abuse by the colonies. The Foreign Office has been accused over and over again by the Canadians of having surrendered Canadian rights in order ‘not to endanger England’s relations with the United States. The Australian Government has criticised- the Foreign Office similarly in regard to the surrender of Samoa to Germany and the United States, while the same Govern- ment has. been much dissatisfied with British poIicy towards French colonisation in the New Hebrides. A serious dispute arose some time back between the Imperial government and the Commonwealth Govern- ment on the one side, the central governments being in accord on this occasion, and the West Australian Government on the other, owing to the revelations con- tained in Dr. Roth’s report on the treatment of the West Australian aborigines,.

Considerable feeling was aroused in Australia at the time of the negotiations which concluded in the Anglo- Japanese Alliance. I t was loudly protested that Austra- lian interests had been abandoned by the “incompetent secretariat ” of Downing Street. In fact that Alliance was entered into by Lord Salisbury almost as a matter of compulsion. The advantages Australia secured indirectly from it were enormous.

The Alliance did hamper the anti-Asiatic movement in Australia. That movement is principally economic, as the race prejudice is only an inflammation of the economic jealousy felt by the white workman, quite rightly,. against his cheap Asiatic competitor, whom he regards as a blackleg. But it must ‘not be overlooked that Asiatic labour is unconscious, blacklegism on the part of the coloured proletariat ; whereas the European strikebreaker, be he English, Italian, German, or other ‘nationality, is more often than not a conscious strike- breaker. The much-abused Oriental rarely works abroad except at a wage far above his own standard of life ; but the white “ strike-breaker ” nearly always accepts a wage below his own, standard of life. The anti-Asiatic movement is a serious factor i n foreign policy, as Japan, China, and India represent a vast proportion of the world’s population. The danger felt by the Australian workmen at the threatened influx of the coloured workmen has led to the rapid development of the Labour movement in Australia, and it has also 1imited the Labour movement to Labourism and Trade Unionism. Socialism, with its international appeal, is met with the invincible prejudice of the Australian worker against coloured labour. The same situation is imminent in South Africa, where the white workmen are feeling the economic competition of their Oriental and aboriginal rivals. Socialism is nearly at a stand- still, because the international aspect of Socialism is unpopular, involving, as it may be granted it does, equal rights for all, of whatever colour, race, or creed.

Next comes the connection of our Dependencies with foreign policy. There is much valuable literature on this section of foreign policy. Mention should be made of Sir George Cornwall Lewis’s admirable study “On the Government of Dependencies,” the late Mr. Wyllie’s book on the foreign policy of the Indian Government, and the vast quantity of literature which the Central Asian and Persian Questions have inspired. The British Indian question in the Transvaal combined the many prominent Anglo-Indians in England into a powerful organisation, whose. aim was to induce England to interfere with Transvaal legislation directed against the Asiatics. The anti-Asiatic legislation, in the Transvaal has had a mast unsettling effect in India. In the negotiations which preceded the acceptance of the South African Constitution by the British Govern- ment one reason which induced the Home Government to accept the “ colour bar ” ,was the extraordinary in- consistency there would have been in giving the educated Asiatic a vote in South Africa and withholding it in India. Such is the interplay of one form. of government in the Empire upon another. The grave constitutional questions which may arise when, China and Japan take a stronger line on the colour-bar will require the most delicate handling. Here, at any rate, are the elements of, a conflagration which would literally involve the civilised world.

OCTOBER 7, 1909

One example from the smaller Dependencies will serve as a final instance of the kind of problems in which a dependency may involve British foreign policy. The West Indian Governments protested -against the abandonment of the Panama Canal to the United States. This protest had to, be disregarded, but there can be no question that it was well-conceived.

This incident carries us to the last stage in this intro- ductory review of the problems facing British diplomats and statesmen in administering the external affairs of the Empire. British foreign policy, as British power is maritime, must keep a jealous watch on sea-ways, ports and artificial highways,. The Panama Canal (and pos- sibly the Sound, which is commanded by Kiel) is the one important highway which EngIand has allowed to fall in the hands of a foreign Power. I t w a s a case practically of force majeuré, as was demonstrated in THE NEW AGE of April 22nd. The Tehuantepec Rail- way has been constructed by English capitalists across the Central American .Isthmus ; but the Panama Canal is decidedly the key of the Pacific. Lord Lansdowne is responsible for the loss of the Panama Canal, because a determined policy could have forced far wider inter- national guarantees from the United States than were secured. However, the United States had a paramount interest in the construction of the Canal which England could hardly be said to have.

This concludes the sketch of the complex questions with which British foreign policy -and diplomacy must grapple. C. H. NORMAN.

I

The Jew in Socialism. It is certain that no section of the community have contributed a more liberal, intellectual, and numerical quota to the cause of Socialism than the Jewish people. To begin with the whole trend of their Canonical and Patriotic literature is towards the glorification of self- effort, the weal. of the body-general, the ostracism of shirkers, and the general denunciation of those who “grind the face of the poor.” I cannot say whether the old stern and just Prophets of Israel anticipated modern legislation or whether the modernists have been ashamed to’ stand behind the ancients in social tone and tendency ; but according to the old law of Israel one dare not take a man’s tools in pledge or let him, wait overnight for the earnings of his labour, lest he hunger.

I am not making a Scriptural “ re-statement,” but showing the Socialist root principle in calling attention to the Mosaic land laws. I hold that the redistribution of the land every fifty years (the Jubilee year) is essen- tially socialistic. A man could not hold strange ‘land from the original owner for more than fifty years, whether he had a mortgage on it, had bought it, taken it in a discharge of debt, or for any other reason. Thus the land never passed out of the hands o f the people, nor could a wastrel in one generation squander what his forebears had- toiled to cultivate for his de- scendants in perpetuity. In all ages and climes, the subject of so much persecution and flagrant,, injustice himself, the Jew has felt that it is to the univsersality of the Socialist, and not to the ‘bigotry of the Theo- logical o r Political bigot, that he owes much. Of course the orthodox Englishman rather forgets, in claiming ‘to be the most tolerant ‘man on earth, that more in this country than anywhere is the poor foreign Jew pelted and hooted in the streets ; this. never happens in France, or yet in anti-Semitic Germany.

The strong imagination and keen sense of right inherent in the Jew (however his finer attributes, may have been temporarily clogged). have made him, in all climes a vigorous and virile supporter of a movement that knows, no distinction. of race, that does not penalise for a disbelief in the divinity of Christ, for this his training in Christian lands has taught him was the test-gauge of fitness to enter the bond of human brotherhood. The Jew was never national (Palestine was a phase in the working out of his super-national destiny) ; to-day he inter-penetrates mankind, and when he is approached as a man and a brother by Socialism he is not slow to note and grasp the fraternal hand

OCTOBER 7, 1909 THE NEW AGE

proffered him for the first time in his bloody history. H e is essentially a cosmopolitan ; even his priests taught, “The righteous of all nations have their ‘share in the world to come,” hence he was not likely to be fascinated by the “better ” and “wider “ teaching offered him by his Christian masters, “None cometh to the Father but by Me.” Socialism tells him be must accord and demand the right to live, he must not stifle the best in him, and he may live out his individual life if in so doing he does not detract from, the sum total of human happiness or infringe on the rights of others. This is a standard he is willing to conform to if be is not lampooned and’ degraded by his “betters.” The two great movements agitating the Jewish race at this moment are, in root principle, socialistic. Zionism, the right for the Jew to earn, his own bread by the sweat of his own brow on his own soil, and Territorialism, the right for a shelter any- where and anyhow, so long as he can escape massacre, outrage, and insult at the hand of the believers of Europe. Look at the Jewish “Bund,” containing almost all the Jewish “ Intellectuals ” of Russia and Poland, an organisation numbering hundreds of thousands, and admittedly Socialistic. Look at such economic thinkers as Ricardo and Leone Levi. Neither of these had a tincture of Synagogal theology in his composition, but their entire cerebral conforma- tion, was Jewish. Critics use the fact of their un- orthodoxy as an argument, incidentally forgetting that it is enough that they were ethnic, if not ethic, Jews, and that when an Englishman performs something heroic or noble it is claimed he was an “ Englishman,” not a Wesleyan or Methodist or one of the Plymouth Brethren.

In constructive Socialistic literature we have given you Karl Mark and Ferdinand Lassalle. ; in platform polemics, Bernard Lazare ; in propa- ganda and as men of action, Eduard Bernstein- and Liebknecht. Note the strong .undercurrent in the modern Judisch Press, in the Neo Hebrew magazines, all insisting upon the rights of the worker. The East of London is full of Jewish bodies, workers’ unions, for protection of the work-murdered multitudes against .exploitation (oft even by men of their own blood). There are even advanced “groups,” and those who have met Rocco, whether in his editorial or private capacity, will note that he never tries to masquerade or deny his origin.

I t would, of course, be idle to deny that we too have our parasites and money-lenders, and even more objec- tionable characters in our midst ; but I can say that by the great bulk of the thinking Jewish people they are bitterly hated, avoided, and kept out of all decent society,

I believe the Socialist and the Jew understand each other, that they have much in common, that they are destined to carry aloft the banner of humanity and mercy and justice, that they are both engaged in the war against ancient tyrannies and cruelties, that they both believe in the rights of heart and of brain.

GUSTAV PEARLSON.

A Lost Art. By William Poel.

III. “ MATINEES every Wednesday and Saturday.” These words appear on all printed bills announcing the Hay- market “ King Lear.” They go far to explain why the play fails to represent tragedy either in its emotion or terror, and why it sends the audience back to its homes as cold and indifferent to human suffering as it left them, What Mr. Trench offers’ his public is a kinematograph show ; walking figures who gesticulate and utter human sounds’ ; puppets who mechanically move through their parts .concomescious that the business must be done all over again within a few hours.. Does Mr. McKininel honestly think that he can act Lear’s hysterical passion, madness, and death twice in a day and day by day, and that he can do this efficiently together with all his other duties of management?

427

That he may wish to do so is intelligible, but that the Directors should sanction it and the public tolerate it is unintelligible. That the exigencies of modern theatrical management impose these conditions is beside, the question’. A less exacting play might have been chosen instead of distorting one of Shakespeare’s masterpieces. Salvini, whose reputation a s a tragedian is universally acknowledged, refused to act Othello more than three times in a week, and never on two consecutive days ; and those who saw his moving per- formance must admit that it was a physical impossibility for him to do otherwise. A man does not suffer the tortures of jealousy without physical and mental ,pros- tration ; and the actor endures an. additional strain when he, is forced to assume an emotion which has not been aroused in a natural way.

Mr. McKinnel, however, not only fails to reproduce the emotions of Lear, he never. even shows us the outside of the man. W e look in vain about the stage to find the King ; instead we see a decrepit, common- place old man, when Lear is neither the one nor the other. He should resemble an English hunting “ squarson,” a man overflowing with vitality, who is. as hale and active at eighty as he was a t forty ; a large- hearted, good-natured giant, with a face as red as a lobster. He is one of the spoilt children of nature, spoilt by reason of his favoured position in life, Responsible to no one, he thinks himself omnipotent. No one but Lear must be “fier;-,” no one but him unreasonable or contrary. In the crushing of this strong, unyielding but lovable personality lies the drama of the play : this i s what an Elizabethan audience went to the Globe Playhouse. to see. But how can this story be told when a broken-down, half-witted old man first comes on to the stage as the King? And where is the purpose or the art in showing u s such a helpless creature being ill-treated by his own kindred? For this very reason the Lear that Edwin Booth, Irving, and Benson have given us is a contemptible and ridiculous person who belies the author’s text, for Lear boasts of his physical strength ; and how skilfully the dramt is t has planned the entrance, so as to accentuate the character ! The play opens with prose, and the first line of verse is spoken by the King, so that the change of rhythm may the better arrest attention. Those who saw Signor Rossi in the part dart on to the stage and with a voice of commanding authority utter the words :

Attend the lords of France and Burgundy, Gloster, recognised the Lear of Shakespeare. This single line, as by a flash of lightning, revealed the impetuosity and imperious disposition of the King, and prepared us for the volcanic disturbance that followed the thwarting of his will. Another thing, overlooked by all our English actors, is the necessity for Lear to come on the stage with Cordelia. On her first appearance she should be seen with her father in. affectionate’ corn- panionship, so, as to balance with the last scene, where she is carried on in his devoted arms. Lear’s division of his kingdom among his three daughters is not so eccentric a proceeding as the critics would make out, The King needs a n excuse for giving the largest portion to his youngest child, and he thinks the most plausible reason is a public acknowledgment of the bond ,of affection between them. But Cordelia’s sense of modesty and self-respect have not been taken into account, and Lear, who never tolerates a rebuff, in a moment of temper upsets all his pre-arranged plans, with disastrous consequence to himself and others. All this animated drama is omitted in the Haymarket performance, because Lear, on his first entrance, fails to give the keynote to the character or to the tragedy. Lear, in fact, is never seen on the stage, but only the actor who assumes the part, divested of frock coat and top hat.

The title-rôle, unfortunately, is not the only part which has been wrongly cast. With the exception of Goneril and Regan, every character has been falsified and distorted. This is not due to want of ability in the actors, but to their physical limitations and to deficiency in training. Their reputations have been won in modern plays, and they seem quite unable to

428 THE NEW AGE OCTOBER 7, 1909

give expression tu character when the medium of speech is verse. To those who think more about the actor than about the character which the actor represents this is perhaps not a matter of much moment, but it is one of considerable importance to the play, since with all great dramatists the incidents are evolved by the characters ; and if the men and women we see on the stage are not those that Shakespeare drew, his incidents will appear out of place and unconvincing. This is what happens at the Haymarket. After the title-rôle the most serious misconception of character is in the part. of Edmund, the man whose wits control the move- ment of the drama. He is an offspring of the Italian Renaissance, a portrait of Machiavel’s Prince, whose merit consists in his mental and physical fitness. He should be the handsomest man in the play, the most alert, the most able ; he is a victim neither to senti- mentality nor self-deception, and fully capable of turning the ‘weakness of others to his own advantage. It is impossible to hate the well-brèd young schemer, because he is too clever and his dupes are too silly. Unfortunately the actor who is cast for this important par t is quite unsuited for it. Another brilliant part which has suffered badly at the hands of its interpreter is Edgar, a character in which the Elizabethans de- lighted because of its variety and the scope it allows for effective character-impersonation. The actor has to assume four parts-Edgar, an imbecile beggar, a peasant, and a knight-errant, and each of these charac- ters should be a distinct creation ; but Mr. Quarter- maine gave us nothing but a modern young man making himself unintelligibly ridiculous. Even more disastrous was the casting of the part of the fool, that gentle, frail lad who perishes from exposure to the storm, a child with the wisdom of a child, which is often the profoundest wisdom. The majestic Ellen O’Malley could not represent the little Cordelia, and she should not have been given the part. Of course the obvious retort to this kind of criticism is that the play must be cast f rom a company selected for repertory work, most of which, perhaps, will be modern. In this case Shake- speare’s interests are sacrificed to men of lesser genius. But there are other reasons. London managers im- pose actors on the public who have London reputations, and this creates a monopoly that becomes a tyranny upon art. \Vhether the artist is suited or not for the part , he must be put into’ it, for box-office considera- tions. But it was hardly expected that Mr. Trench was going to follow on these lines. If he had had the courage, for a very little additional expense, he could have put to shame the incompetence of the Haymarket ladies and gentlemen who could not speak verse ; who could not transform themselves into costume person- ages ; or act passions instead of describing them.

To sum up. For the first time, in the history of our stage, the theatre is put under the management of a literary director, presumably with a view to bringing a little scholarly intelligence to bear upon the exponents of the drama ; and with what result?- So far as “King Lear ” is concerned, to produce quite the most chaotic interpretation of the poet’s intention that it has ever been my misfortune to see represented on the stage. Wha t is the reason? Has the Director, like the fly, walked into the spider’s parlour, or in other words, into the network of theatrical commercialism, to find himself silenced and bound .with ,a view to being ulti- mately devoured? Time perhaps will show us !

THE END.

Unpleasant Poems. TEA AND GRIEF.

Grief -soother ! How the sighing ceases ! White-misted lady Hands to the guestlings cups on a salver.

Stand’st thou then to the mourners Far the Departed, O herb of China? That thus they stifle their lamentations And wink with thee.

Ah ! They feel better. ‘‘ Thinks-how refreshing ! ”

PILGRIM RETURNS. Here comes poor Tom all a-cold. Hist ! Run from the highway, Tell all the village Tom is come back- Back from the tripping to holy ground.

Now ballot who’ll tell him the news : Tom’s wife’s a-tripping, too, Off with the Troubadour. * * * *

Woman and minstrel are better suited Than woman and palmer. Tom ! To Jerusalem get thee again.

SQUIRRELS IN AUTUMN BEECHES. The boys are in the woodlands. Blithe boys ! Beware their bonny, sharp eyes And their little brown hands, my squirrels, For they come to set the Saturday trap: And when ye hear their holiday songs, Flee ye up to the topmost bough. The red-cheeked mother‘s darlings No praise shall lack from the dainty women If they swing ye home by your aching tails-- Furry foot broken, furry eye faded.

Freddy’s mother pats her son: “ Clever Fred ! Growing a man, like Father I ”

THE BUTCHER’S BOY. Call ye this a child, And like to cherubs? His hands can pluck the heart out of the lamb And in. its spurting -blood be-dabble his fingers.

Ho ! If such be your children, Now may the brats of devils be christened, And given communion and harps and a place.

CAPULET’S GARDEN. Leaves a-tilting, Birds a-lilting : Ye shall tilt and lilt to-morrow Just the same though Juliet sorrow.

Moon a-waning, Sun a-reigning : Ye shall wane and reign i’ the sky Just the same though Juliet die.

WASTWATER. Shalt thou, for all thy fairness, Thy green glades, thy rippling, Support the struggler From the death in thy belly of mud?

Cloud-shadows, hues of heaven, Curve and plane and spiral of blueness, Music of plashing wave and movement Like dancing of innocence.

Withal, what is that Burden Thou huggest among thy pale reeds?

AN ONION ON A CRIMSON SCARF. O Treasure of brown and pearl ! O Onion I Who laid you thus on her Sunday sash And called you a boofiful sing? Who but the cherub?

Now comes the wench with the cook’s clout Smacking her ear.

O Treasure of golden brown, O pearl-for the pot !

PESTILENCE A T . RIO. Not all the love or the lust Can quench the stench Of the greening corpse, still above The adoring dust. Give to the dust its own, O Man ! And make thanksgiving That other maids in the land of the living Are left by the gods who plan.

A FISHER-BOAT FOUNDERING IN SUNLIGHT. As little for ye, O Fishers, As ye for the Fish The Gods abandon their appetites.

Deep in the entrails ye twist your fingers And the sockets know never again the eyes- All this for pour dinner, ye ! So, much for their sort of tiffin, The gods disembowel Your bodies which store up Life; And when they will to feast, Drink up your gravy.

What are ye more than the fish, ye fishers? But how ye resent the implication !

OCTOBER 7, 1909 THE NEW AGE

Blasphemy against the Holy Ghost.

“ ANY news in the ‘ Daily Mail,’ John? ” “Nothing much, dear. . . . Oh, there’s the Suffra-

gettes, as usual. ‘ Feeding by Force, Birmingham’s Method, with the Suffragettes. Stern measures have been taken to make the women amenable. to the regu- lations of the prison. . . . The two local women who were dealt with last Saturday for throwing at Mr. Asquith’s train have been compelled to take food. I t is stated that the method employed was to gag the women, and then force beef tea down their throats by means of a stomach-pump.’ Really, how silly it all is. What do you think of it, Cis? ”

“ Why were they compelled to take food? ”

“Oh, I believe they refused to take any by way of protest ; a good job if they’d let them starve to death.”

“No, I can’t go as far as that, John. That would be allowing them to commit suicide. . . . But it is really wicked. I couldn’t have believed that women could have behaved as they do.”

“That’s just it ; they don’t want to be women. They want to be men, But how they think this hysterical nonsense can help them I can’t imagine. Like to see the paper? I must go and finish my .sermon.”

The young vicar was admirably fitted to his new post. He had passed an average unnoticed career at the University. Xe could not have been said to influence the University. But the’ influence of the University upon him had been enormous. From a strictly orthodox home, where every . question, was settled and even politics was a part of filial duty, he had suddenly found himself in a turmoil of conflicting views, all pressed with the eagerness and disinterested- ness that only youth can enjoy. And he had learnt one lésson at least in those four years. H e had learnt that in religion the ways of God are manifold ; that what is

. one man’s heaven may be another man’s hell ; that the spirit is all that matters ; doctrine and ritual, the symbols of the spirit, were secondary things,. But his religion did not g o beyond his parish and his Church. It was a religion that teaches a man to pray but not to vote. A cynical game between ambitious rivals, politics,, except when it was a question of Welsh Dis- establishment or Church Schools, had no concern with religion. And then such questions, though not to him the essence of religion, yet were, very likely, the essence of politics.

In the large town where he had lately been curate he had been considered a bore ; sincere and earnest according to his lights, but out-of-date. Bustling about among the workers with all the zeal of an evangelist, he had yet failed to, get into touch with his flock. Perhaps his sympathy with them was not very deep ; it was an impersonal sympathy, conceived as a duty to his Church. He loved, if he loved at all, for Christ, but not with Christ. H e hated the sin, but in his heart of hearts he could not stand the sinner. And so, in a parish where “ Blessed are the poor ” was the only topical text, he was lightly thought of as a man of good intentions but little weight.

But in a village where politics loomed less large, and where religion, in some of its aspects at least, was a great and living interest, he had played an effective part i n elevating and purifying the souls of his parishioners. He was preaching to-morrow on the relation of Church- men to Dissenters. Try as he would he found it hard to lift his congregation beyond the jealousies and heat

429

‘of the controversy. But he had not failed for lack of effort. And to-morrow he was to make one more plea for a higher conception of a more spiritual religion.

His text was Matt. 12, 31, “ Every sin and blasphemy shall be forgiven, unto men ; but the blasphemy against the Spirit shall not be forgiven.” In the first part of his sermon he had dwelt on the duty of forgiveness and tolerance ; the sins that we SO lightly condemn are forgiven unto men. HOW then is it our place to condemn them? But as he began to write on the second half of his text he felt that perhaps what God could not forgive was what we almost regarded as a virtue. “ I t i s blasphemy against the Spirit,” he would say to his congregation, “for you Churchmen to rail at Dissenters, and for Dissenters to mock at the teaching of the Church. It is a sin that cannot be forgiven to make fun of the solemn ritual of Rome, to treat a consecrated wafer with less reverence than the bread you eat, or to sneer at the banners and drums of the Salvation Army. YOU say these things are ridiculous ; you laugh because of the contrast between their queer views and your common sense. But how do you laugh? Do you laugh for joy that there should be such differences ? Or do you laugh out of scorn that there should be creatures so infinitely inferior? Do you laugh like a child that dances with glee at the sight of a camel, so wonderful and odd? Or do you laugh like Diogenes in his tub at the fire and pride of Alexander? ”

His pen was moving swiftly, and he had his subject clear-cut in his mind. But, as often happened when his brain was working hard, there kept flitting across his consciousness a few stray words that seemed this time like a scrap of news. H e had often had a tag-end of some poetry ringing in his ears. But this was prose, the unmistakeable prose of journalism. “ I t is stated that the method employed ”-- it began, and went on with the same hum-drum rhythm.

Enlarging on his, theme, he proceeded to show how it was the spirit of the zealot, in time past as it. is today, had met not only with hostility and persecution but with rildicule and contempt. (And .the method employed was to gag the --). “ Jael, in. the fervour of her patriotism, had murdered her guest ; and it was forgiven unto her. Herod Antipas, ‘ for the oath’s sake and them that were with him,’ beheaded his prisoner : and it shall not be forgiven unto him. For he held the life of a prophet of less account than his daughter’s dancing.” (And the method employed was to force beef tea. . . .)

And so he passed up and down the page o f sacred history to illustrate that cynical contempt for the human spirit which had dried up the sap of true religion. (And the method employed was . , . . a stomach-

“Put away from you, then, the blasphemous thought that there is only one way of expressing religion, and that the way of your own Church. Learn to respect even when you differ ; admire your opponent’s courage even when you know him to be wrong ; worship the spirit even though you condemn the man.” (And the method employed was to gag the women . . .)

“To the thoughtless child that cries, ‘ GO up, thou bald-head! ’ to a man of God, it shall not be forgiven, in this world or the next ;- to the vindictive priests that cry, ‘ Crucify Him. ! Crucify Him ! it shall be forgiven. For the blasphemy against the Spirit is to cheat the martyr of his meed of honour.”

As he ended he suddenly thought of Dhingra. Were there martyrs in politics as well as in religion? What of the Suffragettes even? What was it that prompted them to acts of self-effacement unparalleled in politics? H e had heard of the “cry of the desolate and ‘oppressed.” Was it possible that women were left in this unheroic age to sacrifice themselves for that cry? And those brutal words carne hack to him, the mocking triumph of modern science : “ I t is stated that the method employed was to gag the women and then force beef tea down their throats by means of a stomach-pump.”

PUMP) *

HASTINGS LLOYD,

430 THE NEW AGE .OCTOBER. 7, 19909

Books and Persons. (AN OCCASIONAL CAUSERIE.)

Two books of essays on the same day from the same firm, “One Day and Another,” by E. V. Lucas, and “Tremendous Trifles,” by G. K. Chesterton ! Messrs. Methuen put the volumes together and advertise them as being “uniform in size and appearance.” I do not know why. They are uniform’ neither in size nor in appearance ; but only in price,, costing a crown apiece. “Tremendous Trifles ” has given me a wholesome shock. Its contents are all reprinted from the “Daily News.” In some ways they are sheer and rank journal- ism ; they are often almost Harmsworthian in their unscrupulous simplifying of the facts of a case, in their crude determination to emphasise one fact at the expense of every other fact. Thus : “NO one can .understand Paris and its history who does not under- stand that its fierceness is, the balance and justification of its frivolity.” So there you are! If you don’t accept that you are damned ; the Chesterton guillotine has clicked on you Perhaps I have lived in Paris more years than Mr. Chesterton has lived in it months, but it has not yet happened to me to understand that its fierceness is the balance and justification of its frivolity. Hence I am undone ; I no longer exist ! Again, of Brussels : “ I t has none of the things which make good Frenchmen love Paris. ; it has only the things which make unspeakable Englishmen love it.” There are a hundred things in Brussels that I love, and I find Brussels a very agreeable city. Hence I am an un- speakable Englishman. This particular form of curt and arrogant foolishness is excusable in the hurried journalism of a Saturday article, but it ought to be cut out of a book. And Mr. Chesterton’s book is blotched with it as with a skin complaint. Happily it is only a skin complaint. More serious than a skin complaint is Mr. Chesterton’s religious orthodoxy, which crops up a t intervals and colours the book. I merely voice the opinion, of the intelligent minority (or majority) of Mr. Chesterton’s readers when I say that his championship of Christian dogma sticks in my throat. In my opinion, at this time of day it is absolutely impossible for a young man with a first-class intellectual apparatus to accept any form of dogma, and I am therefore forced to the conclusion that Mr. Chesterton has not got a first-class intellectual apparatus. (With an older man, whose central ideas were definitely formed at an earlier epoch, the case might be different.) I will go further and say that it is impossible, in one’s private thoughts, to think of the accepter of dogma as an intellectual equal. Not all Mr. Chesterton’s immense cleverness and charm will ever erase from the minds of his best readers this impression--caused by his mistimed reli- gious dogmatism-that there is something seriously deficient in the very basis of his mind. And what his cleverness and charm cannot do his arrogance and his effrontery assuredly will not do. And yet I said that this book gave me a wholesome shock. Far from deteriorating, Mr. Chesterton is improving. In spite of the awful tediousness of his mannerism of antithetical epigram, he does occasionally write finer epigrams than ever. His imagination is stronger, his fancy more delilcate, and his sense of beauty widened. There are things in this book that really are very excellent indeed ; things that, if they die, will die hard. For example, the essay : “ In Topsy Turvy Land.” I t is a book which, in the main, strongly makes for righteousness. Its minor defects are scandalous, in a literary sense ; its central defect passes the compehension ; the book is journalism, it is anything you like. But I can tell you that it is literature, after all. * * *

If you desire a book entirely free from the exaspe- rating faults of Mr. Chesterton’s you will turn to Mr. Lucas’s. But Mr. Lucas, too:, is. a highly mysterious man. On the surface he might ‘be mistaken for a mere cricket enthusiast. Dig down, and you will come, with not too much difficulty, to the simple man of letters. Dig further, and, with somewhat more diffi- culty, you will come to an agreeably ironic critic of

human foibles. Try to dig still further, and you will probably encounter rock. Only here and there in his two novels does Mr. Lucas allow us to glimpse a certain powerful and sardonic harshness in him, indicative of a mind that has seen the world and irrevocable judged it in’ most of its manifestations. I could be believe that Mr. Lucas is’ an ardent politician, who, however, would not deign to mention his passionately held views save with a pencil on a ballot-paper-if then ! I t could not have been without intention that he put first in this new book an .essay describing the manufacture of a profes ,sional criminal. Most of the other essays are exceed- ingly light in texture. They leave no loophole for criticism, for their accomplishment is always at least as high as their ambition. They are serenely well done. Immanent in the book is the calm assurance of a man perfectly aware that it will be a passing hard task to get change out of him! And even when: some- one does get change out .of him, honour is always saved. In describing a certain over of his bowling, Mr. Lucas says : “ I was conscious of a twinge a s I saw his swift glance round the field. He then hit my first ball clean out of it ; from my second he made two ; from my third another two ; the fourth and fifth wanted playing ; and the sixth he hit over my head among some distant hay- makers.” The fourth, and fifth wanted playing.

* * *

Although Mr. Edmund Gosse, librarian of the House of Lords, belongs by the character of his collected criticisms to the mandarinic class, he has for years past done something to save his soul alive by writing g e n e rous (often too generous) appreciations of young anti-mandarinic French authors. I am glad to see, from the table of contents of a monthly review, that he has recently been dealing with the case of André Gide. Readers of this column know what I think of André Gide. M. Gide has lately issued a new novel (a too rare occurrence with him), “La Porte Etroite ” (Mer- cure de France, 3 fr. 50 C.) I t i s a spiritual novel, like “L’Immoraliste.” Its action is an interior action. I t makes no compromise of any kind with a half-educated public. You must enter it by the narrow gate or leave it alone. I t is very distinguished, original, and fine.

***

I have just bought a volume of the new complete English, translation of the works of Nietzsche, edited by Dr. Oscar Levy, and am very content with it. The French translation by Henri Albert is good ; this seems to be equally good. There is (strangely) no publisher’s name on the title page, but the modest publisher is Mr. T. N. Foulis, of Glasgow. This admirable enter- prise really does merit encouragement. The format is agreeable. The edition consists of 1,500 numbered copies, and the prices of the volumes vary from half-a- crown to six shillings. It is quite useless saying that you do not mean to read Nietzsche. Nietzsche meant to be read, and in the end he will have his way with you. JACOB TONSON.

BOOK OF THE WEEK. The Curse of Cain.* I HAVE for years been interested in Cain, not only as the first murderer, or the first vegetarian, but as the first agricultural labourer who. longed for divine approval of his work. We know the result of that aspiration ; we know that he was doomed to toil un- fruitfully. “ When thou tillest the ground, it shall not henceforth yield unto thee her strength.’’ We are told, further, that Cain “went out from the presence of the Lord,” and to this day has the curse lain upon him. He has, in Browning’s phrase, “shed sweat enough, left flesh and bone on many a flinty furlong of the land ”; he has made the moor a pasture, the mead a garden, and has gathered grain from the ridges of the cliff ; he has filled us with food, and fed us with beauty, but the face of the Lord is turned aside. “The earth yields, not unto him her strength ” ; he knows not the poetry of the seasons’ change, the bliss of the

* “Toil of Men.” By Israel Querido. (Methuen. 69.)

OCTOBER 7, 1909 THE NEW AGE 431

I Was Deaf, but Now I HEAR The Remarkable Story of a Clever Invention l l l which enables the Deaf to Hear . l . - - -

A WIRELESS TELEPHONE FOR THE EAR. By PROFESSOR HOFFMANN, Inventor of the Ear-Phone.

WANT to te l l all those members of the public had to strain to catch every syllable, or to ask my I who suffer from Deafness or Defective Hearing that I friends to repeat their remarks “because I couldn’t hear have discovered a way whereby they can once what they said,” My hearing was as good as in the

again hear as well as those Who are not deaf. days of my youth. Moreover, it was simple to wear, I want to tell YOU, if either of these complaints are quite invisible, absoluteley safe and caused no discomfort

yours, that I can enable you to hear, unless yours whatever-rather the reverse. And so I determined to happens to be an instance of deafness from birth or of make known my invention to a wider circle, and to .total paralysis of the sense of hearing. If you will give every man, woman, .or child in this country communicate with me and follow my advice (which afflicted with deafness, or defective hearing the oppor- will gladly be given free of all charge), I will enable tunity of waking deaf ears hear. you to hear as well and as distinctly as anybody could wish-. I am sure of this because I cured myself in just How I Can Help You. the same way. My “ Ear-Phone ” is a scientific but quite simple

I, myself, know what deafness can be. I have known aural aid. I t fits easily and comfortably into the outer what it is to feel my sense of hearing growing worse passage of the ear, where it constitutes a perfect and worse every day, and myself becoming more and sounding-board, concentrating the sound-waves upon more unfit to carry on the scientific work to which I the ear drum. In fact, it acts to the ear of the “hard- was devoted. And it is because I remember this so of-hearing ” much as a pair of spectacles act to the vividly that I am earnestly anxious to place within eyes of the short-sighted. reach of every sufferer from deafness the It is an ear-spectacle. very same means that gave me back my Unlike many hearing devices, this hearing. ‘‘ Ear-Phone “ is quite non-irritating. In

fact, after a few hours you quite forget How Icame to study the you are wearing anything at all. You can

Problem of Deafness. keep a pair in all day and all night, and, as there is no unsightly and dangerous This is how I happened to make my outside attachment, nobody can tell you

discovery. I happened at the time to be are using anything at all. engaged in certain delicate telephonic Now, if you are a sufferer from defective test-work, when suddenly I became aware hearing, I need hardly say how very that I could not hear as well as I had pleased I shall be to have you write me used to do, I was growing deaf. Words on the subject, and give me particulars of became blunted and blurred. Sometimes your case. Naturally, I am very interested whole +sentences of conversation were in all such cases, and if you would care to completely lost to me. And as with every peruse a book I have written upon deaf- week the disorder grew worse and worse, He is wearing an “Ear-phone-” ness and ear trouble, and how such com- I felt that in a short time I should be Can you defect it ? plaints are at once relieved by the use of compelled to give up in despair. the “ Ear-Phone,” I will send you along

But all the time this extraordinary fact held me to a copy by return, I think it will interest you, and hope that, although it was sometimes most difficult to therefore invite you to accept a presentation copy from distinguish what people in the same room as myself me. I am earnestly desirous of doing anything in my were saying to me, yet I could hear them quite plainly power to help any man, woman, or child in this country whenever they were speaking to me over the ‘‘ phone,” suffering from deafness to recover, as I did, this most possibly from a distance of many miles. precious gift of hearing.

This fact held me from the first. I thought, I experi- The following are a few of the distinctive features of mented, I studied the matter in all its bearings. And my “ Ear-Phone “ :- the more I studied why I could hear people over the “ phone ’’ better than in ordinary conversation, the more 1/2 It relieves deafness and arrests its progress. convinced I became that some adaptation of the prin- 3, It causes no irritation, ciple of the telephone would enable my deaf ears to 4. It has no clumsy attachments. hear again. 5, It is entirely invisible.

6, It is perfectly safe. 7. It can be worn always-sleeping, washing, bathing, etc. 8. It is free from wire or metal. 9. It does not cause unpleasant noises in the ear.

How I Made My Discovery. I t was while lying in bed one night that the question 10 It does not cause discharges from the ear.

“ Why not a ‘ phone 9 . for the inside of my deaf ears ? “ 12. It guards the mucous membrane from all atmospheric The inspiration was so strong upon me that I instantly

rose, dressed, and fairly rushed to my workshop. Within If you will write to Professor Hoffmann, at (Dept. 6A) twenty-four hours I had before me, fully completed, a 54, Duke Street, Oxford Street, London, W. , I will minute appliance, the effect of which on my hearing send you at once (post free and gratis) a copy of my was so magnificent that it made me exclaim aloud : illustrated book, “ The Sense of Hearing : How it is “ At last I have got it ! “ Impaired, and How it May be Restored.” All who have

I found that with the “ Ear-Phone” I could hear read my book say it is the most interesting and helpful perfectly. AH roarings in the head ceased. I no longer book ever written for the deaf and hard-of-hearing.

suddenly ,flashed across my inner consciousness : 11. It does not have to be removed when cleaning the ear, effects.

432 THE NEW AGE OCTOBER 7 , 1909 ~--

bursting bloom, or the luxury of the doxy wind as it ruffles the standing corn. To him the labour, and to us the joy ; a n d we have figured him only as a buffoon, or an ignorant Hercules performing incredible labours that we might be filled. Now, in the fields-of Holland, has arisen a terrible figure, gaunt with suffering and gnarled with labour, with dim eyes searching a heavy heaven, and the terrible cry breaking from lips that can scarcely articulate : “ My punishment is greater than I can bear.’’

Israel Querido is a Dutchman, and this is his first introduction to English readers, but if a flippant people can yet be stirred by sincerity, if cynicism can yet be abashed and silenced by tragedy, this book must im- press us as the work of a master. It is not enough that a book is interesting ; it must be true if it is to live, and this book is as true as a Blue-book and as profound as the Bible. Its literary quality is no less marked ; Querido must rank as a European artist of the first order. He is as Titanic in his epic sweep and grasp as Victor Hugo, he is as relentless in his exposure of facts as Zola, as incisive in his analysis of character as Ibsen : he has the patience and skill of a Dutch painter inspired by the pathos of a tragic poet. He has dipped his pen in hebenon, and “bit into the live man’s flesh for parchment,” and he has drawn an indelible picture of Cain under the curse : Cain not murdering, but murdered ; the soul of the man confused, bemired, reeking of the soil to which it is wed, yet groping towards the light that never shines for him.

There are artists who have tuned their soul’s agony to song, who have wrought out of their torture works of abiding beauty and great joy. There are others in whom the poison of poverty and excessive labour has so worked as to impregnate every fibre with pain, and. the whole blood and brain with a great sorrow. It is much if this last can see aught else in life but dark- ness and futility : it is most if a t times he sees his sky tinged with silver, or the faint glow of -a distant star. To this class docs Querido belong : he is no Mozart divinely piping a golden glory of dream, but a Beethoven at whose door Fate has knocked, and whose terrible foreboding of the summons is quelled only by great courage. Life has been very real to this man, and its tragedy is in his soul : “out of the fulness of his heart, his mouth speaketh,” and his words will not be wasted. I know of no more inevitable book than this, and beyond that praise cannot go. But will the curse be lifted ? W h a t Millet failed to achieve with his pictures, can Querido hope to do with his prose? I know not : I doubt if Querido knows. Scarce a vestige of resource is left t o us : the book opens in an atmosphere of “heavy December gloom, brooding over the land, a dismal pall of low grey cloud, shadowed in places with darker tints.” It concludes with : “As the day died, melancholy reigned over the wide expanse. Life and the voices of life were arrested by the on- coming of the darkness and the night.” The burden of toil has been heavy on Cain, his muscles have cracked with the strain, and for a moment his despair- ing eyes have seen the signet of release ; but the moment has passed, “the earth has not yielded u n t o him her strength," and the weariness has stretched him supine and hopeless, waiting for death. Perhaps the curse will never be lifted, but the cry of Cain has r u n g out once more in one of the greatest books that the world has seen. ALFRED E. RANDALL.

REVI EWS. The English Review for October. (Chapman and

Four sonnets by Alfred E. Randall are admirable. We recommend them to the notice of those a l l too numerous solitary bees the free rhymsters who knock up little moundis upon the lawns cf poetry. We abandon the comparison here ; for among the hermit becs order and balance of idea a re still evident, but the breakers of music have apparently no notion of dis- cipline. Mr. RandaIl has proved his right to attempt that personal expression which results i f it be true and

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beautiful in the creation of a new form. Mr. Max Beerbohm is so happy in a study of Miss Mona Limerick that we implore him to give women more of his attention. He has here attained the impossible, a balance of pertness and dignity, Dissent and Catholi- cism. “Two Essays,)’ by Elizabeth Martindale, are written. in a rather splashy style, and read like gossip. A morbid story, entitled “The Nest,” is done with excellent choice of detail, but it is rather too evident that the authoress, Anna D. Sedgwick, prefers the hero’s selfish indifference to the heroine’s selfish senti- mentality. The serial, “ A Cal!,” by Ford Madox Hueffer, is continued. Mr. J. A. Hobson contributes an illuminating article on the failure of intellectual syn- thesis, to which we should like to draw the attention of the little ladies of the “ Englishwoman “ whom, Belfort Bax is now pelting with crumbs of unleavened philosophy. In Ambush. By Marie von Vorst. (Methuen. 6s.) “ In Ambush “ is the story of the picturesque adven-

turcs of one Flanders., who, though outwardly red- handed, is said to be “the whitest man, the bravest man,” and a man of parts. North America, the Sudan of ’98, and Kentucky, share the honour of affording him an. appropriate background. I t is true that Klondike of 189- was not an up-to-date place, but apparently i t contained a copy of Bret Harte’s “Luck of Roaring Camp,” since the doings ‘of Flanders and his mining companions are largely modelled thereon. Apparently, too, when Adair, alias Flanders, put up at Shepherd’s Hotel, Cairo, he possessed a copy of “Wi th Kitchener- to Khartoum,” since the romance of his Egyptian experiences is coloured by the events of Steevens’ brilliant blood-bespattered narrative. As to the quality of the Kentucky pictures it is altogether excellent. I t i s a blend of love and sentiment and melo- dramatic surprises, in which woman the redeemer, plays a part. [Erratum : p. 19, for 1908 read 1898] Sam. By Norman Roe. (Greening and Co. 6d.)

A rather powerful .short story. If we except the improbable incident of a little boy being aIlowed to sit on a bench cf magistrates, even though one of them was the child’s grandfather, it is all very realistic. The narrative rises remarkably well towards the dramatic finish. In noticing SO short a book it would be unfair to give more than a hint. It is worth buying for the unexpected and unforgettable story of Sam’s heroism. The Vortex. By Fred Whishaw. (Stanley Paul. 6s.)

“The Vortex “ takes us to Russia, not the Russia of Turgenef o r Dostoyevski, but of the English conserva- tive imagination. The dish Mr. Whishaw sets before us is therefore not a politically convincing one. I t is mainly composed of the strange doings of Derek Deans, an English clerlc drawn into the vortex of red-Russian domestic politics by a female government spy and a fair Finn. W e find Derek is not a bad fellow, and his adventures in escaping from the revolutionists and assisting Betty the “ Finn make sufficiently exciting reading. In short, it is a dish as satisfying and diges- tible a s one of Saratoga chips.

DRAMA I John Bull and Others. “ JOHN BULL’S Other Island,” now being played at the Coronet Theatre, Notting Hill, by the Vedrenne-Barker company, is advertised on. the playbills as “the Famous Play by Bernard Shaw.” It is interesting to observe this homage paid to Art by our theatre managers. There is something a little quixotic about it. Fame is recognised as independent of the box-office returns. What matter if the future bookings consist of “The Merry Widow ” and “ The Devil ” ? For one glorious fortnight we are able to offer a superior article-a famous play.

The performance was interesting, but distinctly inferior to that given at the Court Theatre three years ago. The general standard cf elocution, especially -in the longer speeches, was very poor. It is becoming clear that a new technique of acting is needed for the

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434 THE NEW AGE OCTOBER 7, I 9 0 9

modern discursive play. Actors who get on excellently as. long as they have only a few lines to speak at a time a re all at sea in Mr. Shaw’s speeches. W h a t is the use of setting a man to make a speech of, say, five minutes’ length on the stage unless he is fully com- petent to get upon his legs and address‘ a public meeting? The accentuation is the same in both cases, and the use of gesture becomes perfectly ludicrous without proper modulation of the voice. In short, our actors need practice at the cart tail in Hyde Park.

Mr. Nigel Playfair was admirable in the part of Broadbent, though his rendering is more farcical than Mr. Louis Calvert’s. The play has. been brought up to date-by references to the Budget and so forth. Surely this was inadvisable. It dates originally from 1904, and already much of the dialogue appears irrelevant and unconvincing, judged by the present-day situation. But the mixture of 1904 and 1909 is not a success. Heaven knows what “ gags ” may have to be introduced in five years’ time if this precedent is .followed ! The piece is better let alone.

Yet “John Bull’s Other Island ” wears better and ages less than the average political satire. If we compare it, for instance, with Mr. Barrie’s “Jose phine,” played at the Comedy Theatre in 1906, the difference is at once apparent. “John Bull’s Other Island ’’ i s more than a piece of political persiflage ; it is real drama. The scene in Act III-the choosing of a candidate for Parliament-is extraordinarily im- pressive on the stage, and surely is as good as anything Mr. Shaw has done W. G. Fay was excellent here as Matthew Haffigan, the old man with a grievance.

While we are discussing Mr. Shaw’s title to fame, it may be mentioned that “Mrs. Warren’s Profession ” is now nearing the end of its second run in Berlin, and has become by far the best known of his plays in Germany and Austria. This very striking success is another proof, if proof were needed, that the German- speaking public takes its theatre seriously. I have seen several Shaw plays very indifferently acted in Germany, but the performance of “Frau Warren’s Gewerbe ” by the Hebbel-Theater company keeps a high standard. Several actresses have already made big reputations in the part of Mrs. Warren. When all the other European capitals have seen and approved it this play may perhaps be tolerated in London. A. D.

CORRESPONDENCE. For the opinions expressed by correspondents, the Editor docs not

Correspondence intended for publication should be addressed to

SPECIAL NOTICE.-Correspondents are requested to be brief,

ANTI-VIVISECTION. T o THE EDITOR of “THE NEW A G E . ”

A statement made by Mr. Stephen Paget in his letter of the 9th Sept. is so grossly misleading as to alone stamp its author unworthy of a responsible post requiring, more than most, the keenest and closest adherence to truth and justice. Indeed, it seems scarcely credible that Mr. Paget should have allowed his quotation from the present Act respecting the use of anasthetics, viz., “ that no sort or kind of operation beyond the lancing of a vein under the skin is permitted in this country without anasthe- tics,” to stand alone, deliberately presented to his readers un- accompanied by its more than significant remainder-the second part of the same clause, which provides “that - a certificate can be taken out for the performance of any operation whatever, that may pass the supervision of th0 Home Office or that of the Research Society ” !

That he did not complete the quotation is also significant, not only o f the shifty methods to which pro-vivisectors are not ashamed to stoop, but still more of the contempt he entertains for the intelligence of his readers. In respect to the assertions of physiologists that animals anaesthetised are completely insensible during operations, however long they may be protracted, these are conclusively negatived by the avowed admissions of such leading vivisectors and medical authorities as Sir Thomas Watson,, Sir George Burrows, Professor Humphry, Sir W Ferguson, Dr. A. F. Taylor, Dr. Sharpey, Dr. Burdon- Saunderson, Dr. Ferrier, Sir J. Lister, etc, made before the Royal Commission, and more especially by the reply given by Dr. Rutherford, in answer t o question 2,843, before the same Commission : “ I should think about half my experiments were made on animals not rendered insensible.”

The strongest dose of ether or chloroform administered to any animal, for instance highly electrified-temperature, say 110-

hold himself responsible.

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Many letters weekly are omitted on account of their length.

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OCTOBER 7, 1909 THE NEW AGE 435

would not prevent its dying, perhaps after days of torture, in unimaginable agony.

Similarly, in Rutherford’s horrible experiments on dogs, reported in the “British Medical Journal,” in Professor Schafer’s on dogs, drowned and revivified again and again, others packed in ice till stiff, starved slowly to death, OF more slowly still by protracted torment induced by some filthy inoculation-in all such, and many others, such administration would be purely waste of time.

Regarding inoculations, it is not too much to say that even the Crile atrocities-appalling as they were-are scarcely a whit less terrible to contemplate than these very “pin-prick ” inocu- lations, as carried out at Khartoom Gordon College-one of which on a martyred dog is depicted in the “ Journal of Patho- logy,” March, 1906-besides being indefinitely prolonged.

Respecting Dr. Klein, so far from my having “falsified ” his merciless avowal before the Royal Commission some years ago, my recollection of it, I find, on reference to the minutes of the proceedings, precisely, ipsa verba, as I quoted i t : Question 3,839--“When you say you only use them (the animals) for con- venience sake, do you mean that you have no regard to their sufferings? ”

Answer : No regard at all. “Mr. Money’s fanciful picture,” as Mr. Paget terms it, drawn,

be it remembered, solely and wholly from the pages of .medical journals, or from reports of the proceedings of the Royal Com- mission, has at least its solid and indisputable background-as testified to by such soul-harrowing confessions as those of two foremost vivisectors still living. Dr. Charles Richet says : “Scientific curiosity alone actuates the physiologist, and is ex- plained by the high ideal he has formed of science. This is why we pass our days in fetid laboratories surrounded by groaning creatures in the midst of blood and sufferings-bent over palpi- tating entrails.”

Dr. Nöe Walker writes, “My experiments on female dogs alone will haunt and distress me to my dying day.”

CHARLES A. MONEY. * * *

“THE ALL B- PARTY .” T O THE EDITOR OF “THE NEW AGE.”

An amusing little discussion took place the other day at one of the Registration Courts on the right of Mr. Ellis Barker, the well-known Tariff Reform writer, to a vote. The interesting fact was disclosed that his real name was Julius Otto Eltzbacher, and that he received a naturalisation certificate five years ago. I believe I am right in saying that he had written on Tariff Reform for some years before becoming an “Englishman.”

Lord Burnham (né Levy), Mr. Ralph D. Blumenfeld, of the “Daily Express” (born in Winconsin, U.S.A.), and. Mr. Ellis Barker have recently been joined by another recruit who has a fine-sounding English name. It appears that that curious publi- cation, “The Budget Week by Week,” in which the Dukes dis- port themselves, is edited by Mr. Rudolph B. Birnbaum. I well remember several occasions upon which that gentleman denounced the immorality, extravagance, and slovenliness of the British working man, because I have reproved him for so doing. In the same issue of this delightful journal, edited by Mr. Rudolph B. (Britisher?) Birnbaum, there is a remarkable article on “ How the Budget helps the foreigner,” but the article neglects to point out that one way in which the Budget helps the foreigner is to give remunerative employment for Blumenfeld, Barker, Birnbaum,, and Co. I t is singular that the patriotic Tariff Reformers cannot occasionally find some born Englishman to advocate their cause of economic justice, as they put it, for England. AN ENGLISHMAN.

* * *

MR. BALFOUR AS A THINKER. To THE EDITOR OF “THE NEW AGE “

You refer to Mr. Balfour as “ a great political leader, inciden- tally a thinker of a high order,” and also say Mr. Balfour “is an Agnostic.” What Thomas Henry Huxley said about Mr. Balfour, in the last few weeks of his life, is pertinent. Huxley

had undertaken to write upon “Balfour’s Foundations of Belief,” for the “Nineteenth Century.” I n conversation he referred to the fact of his friendship with the late Professor Francis Maitland Balfour (who was killed in the Alps, 1882), the ex-Premier’s brother, and gave thought to the idea, “there was science in the blood,” till he became acquainted with Mr. Balfour’s works ; then disillusion followed. At the same time he said : “ Dean Stanley told me he thought being made a bishop destroyed a man’s moral courage. I am inclined to think the practice of the methods of political leaders destroys their intellect for all serious purposes.” Also, Huxley, wrote about this time: “1 grieve to say that my estimation of Balfour, as a thinker, sinks lower the further I go.” Huxley was the originator of the word Agnostic. He wrote of as among his aims, “ Untiring opposition to that ecclesiastical spirit, that clericalism, which in England as everywhere else, and to whatever denomination it may belong, is the deadly enemy of science.” HAROLD HILLER.

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WOMAN’S WORST ENEMY: WOMAN. BY BEATRICE TINA.

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CONTENTS-Declaratory--The Two Curses--The Three SIsters--The Plight of the Unfit Mother- The Harlot-Love, Children and Civilisation : also a reprint from the N.A. of the much discussed article “ Woman as State Creditor,” with ’’ Answers to Correspondence ’’ on the same.

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