The Nervous System

Sydnee Weinberg Mike Ramella Andora Leung Kunal Saxena

Cerebrum

Responsible for:

•Perception

•Imagination

•Thought

•Judgement

•Decision

http://www.wiredtowinthemovie.com/images/hotspots/level04cerebrum.jpg

Cerebrum

Motor Cortex:

•Control and movement of mouth and face

•Controls motion of legs and feet

Hemispheres

Responsible for:

•Math

•Logic

•Spatial Orientation

•Facial Recognition

•Body Image

•Appreciation for art and music

-judging the position of things

in space -knowing body

position -understanding

and remembering

things we do and see

-putting bits of information

together to make an entire picture -controls the left side of the body

Right Side Left Side

-understanding and use of language (listening, reading,

speaking and writing)

-memory for spoken and

written messages -detailed

analysis of information -controls the

right side of the body

Left Brain Damage

Right Brain Damage

Temporal Lobe

Responsible for:

•Speech

•Memory

•Hearing

•Vision

Occipital Lobe

Responsible for:

•Controling vision

•Color recognition

Parietal Lobe

Responsible for:

•Integrating sensory information from various parts of the body

•Knowledge of numbers and their relations

•The manipulation of objects

Somatosensory Cortex

http://www.artbrain.org/phantomlimb/mcGonigle/McGonigle_3.jpg

http://www.neuroskills.com/tbi/frontalflash.html

Frontal Lobe

Responsible for:

•Motor function

•Problem solving

•Spontaneity

•Memory

•Language

•Initiation

•Judgement

•Impulse control

•Social/Sexual behavior

Cerebellum

http://www.neuroskills.com/tbi/cerebellumflash.html

Responsible for:

The integration of sensory perception

Regulation and coordination of voluntary motor movement.

The maintenance of posture and balance.

Medulla Oblongata

http://www.geocities.com/aggelopolis/medulla_oblongata2.jpg

Responsible for:

•Controlling heart rate

•Constriction and dilation of blood vessels

•Respiration

•Digestion

Reflex center for vomiting, coughing, sneezing, swallowing, and hiccupping

Function of a Neuron in Impulse Transmission

http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/anatomy/brain/gifs/Neuron.GIF

•Transmits information within the nervous system

Head Injury and Treatment

Head Injury- any trauma that leads to injury of the scalp, skull, or brain

•Penetrating trauma- when objects such as screwdrivers, knives, or any sharp objects, penetrate the skull.•Blunt head trauma-the result from direct blow, or from a rapid deceleration force, such as a fall or a car accident.

-Serious head injuries may cause :•Changes in personality, emotions, or mental abilities

•Concussions•Speech and language problems •Loss of sensation, hearing, vision, taste, or smell •Seizures •Paralysis •Coma

External Head Injuries:

External head injury- most commonly, trauma to the scalp

•Head and neck pain •Minor head injuries may result to headache or dizziness.•Sensation of spinning or light-headedness.•Some people also may have mild confusion,•Nausea•Become more irritable.•Swelling

Symptoms

Treatments

•Ice should be applied•Bed rest•Fluids•A mild pain reliever such as aspirin or acetaminophen (Tylenol), if necessary•If there is a cut, an immunization would be given if needed to prevent tetanus

Internal Head Injuries:

Internal head injury- may involve the skull, the blood vessels within the skull, or the brain.

Symptoms

•unconsciousness •abnormal breathing •obvious serious wound or fracture•bleeding or clear fluid from the nose, ear, or mouth •disturbance of speech or vision •pupils of unequal size •weakness or paralysis •dizziness •neck pain or stiffness •seizures•vomiting more than two times•loss of bladder control

Treatments

• if necessary to relieve pressure, surgery must be done to decompress the brain

• If there's swelling, apply an ice pack or cold pack• If there's bleeding, apply a sterile bandage• Call for help if person lost consciousness, or vomits more than once• If there is a spinal injury, do not move the body

Etiologies, Symptoms, Treatment of Brain Abscesses

• Brain abscess is a focal infection, which begins when organisms are inoculated into the brain parenchyma, usually from a site distant from the central nervous system (CNS).

The 3 mechanisms of entry:

•Direct Extension

•Hematogenous

•Following penetrating head injury or neurosurgery

The mortality rate from brain abscess is currently approximately

10%.

Treatment

• The increased intracranial pressure and starting intravenous antibiotics

• Surgical drainage of the abscess

Bibliography

• http://www.brainhealthandpuzzles.com/brain_parts_function.html• http://webspace.ship.edu/cgboer/genpsycerebrum.html• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parietal_lobe• http://www.brainhealthandpuzzles.com/brain_parts_function.html• http://www.brainhealthandpuzzles.com/brain_injury.html• http://www.brainhealthandpuzzles.com/brain_disease_information.html• http://www.tpub.com/content/medical/14295/css/14295_47.htm• http://www.emedicine.com/EMERG/topic67.htm• http://www.drugresearcher.com/Emerging-targets/Genetic-defect-causes-

inability-to-feel-pain• http://webspace.ship.edu/cgboer/genpsycerebrum.html• http://www.neuroskills.com/tbi/bfrontal.shtml• http://www.neuroskills.com/tbi/pr-humor.shtml• http://www.waiting.com/frontallobe.html • http://www.waiting.com/brainfunction.html#anchor318669