THE NAUTICAL INSTITUTE

ON

THE MANAGEMENT OF SAFETY IN SHIPPING

OPERATIONS AND QUALITY ASSURANCE

I DATE: I

ACCESSION No.: I T 1 l MCAST LIBRARY

Contents Preface-Captain Warren G. Leback, FNi Part l Policy '

Part I1 Operations Part 111 People index

CONTENTS P q t

Preface Captain Warren G. Leback, F N I , US Maritime Administrator 5

Policy

1 . A TANKER OPERATOR'S SAFETY POLICY Captain G. T Robson, MNI, Supervisor Safety and Training, 9 Chevron Shipping Company, USA.

2.SIIIP OPERATIONS AND SAFETY MANAGEMENT IN A SHIP MANAGEMENT COMPANY 19 Captain S.]. Pressb, BA, MNI, Safety and Marine Superintendent, V Ships UK Ltd.

3 . FACTORS T O BE CONSIDERED WHEN PREPARING A FLEET SAFETY POLICY G. B. Standrig, 25 Managing Director, Marine Safety Services Ltd, UK.

4. THE CODE O F SHIP MANAGEMENT STANDARDS O F THE INTERNATIONAL SHIP MANAGERS' 28 ASSOCIATION Introduced by J Spruyt, formerly Managing Director, Wcscol, author of Ship Management.

5. SHIPMASTERS' RESPONSIBILITIES FOR IMPLEMENTING SAFETY POLICIES O N BOARD 40 Captain C.M. Mahidham, MNI, Master, Dip. Command.

6. GOVERNMENT'S RESPONSIBILITY T O ENSURE THAT SHIPS MEET INTERNATIONAL 45 CONVENTION S1ANDARDS E. Jansen, Deputy Director General of Shipping and Navigation, Norwegian Maritime Directorate.

7. A NEW ORDER O F BUSINESS IN MARINE SAFETY Rear-Admiral J.D. Sipes, USCG, Office of Marine 51 Safety, Security and Environmental Protection.

8. CLASSIFICATION AND STATUTORY SURVEYS Documents, certificates and harmonisation. 54

9. FIRE PROTECTION IN MERCHANT SHIPS - AN OVERVIEW Lieutenant S.J. Ohnstad, USCG, PE, 60 Marine Technical and Hazardous Materials Division.

10.I.IABILITIES AND PENALTIES FOR UNSAFE SHIPS DrS.L. Hodges, LL.B, Lecturer, Cardiff Law School, 64 University of Wales

11. THE WORK O F THE BALTIC AND INTERNATIONAL MARITIME COUNCIL IN PROMOTING 70 HIGH STANDARDS E. Odorico, Inforrnatiori Officer, BIMCO.

12. HOW T O PROMOTE ERROR TOLERANCE IN COMPLEX SYSTEMS IN THE CONTEXT O F SHIPS 74 AND AIRCRAFT. ProfessorJ T Reason, Department of Psychology, University of Manchester.

Operations 13. OPERATING AND SAFETY MANUALS AND PLANS. C. R. Cushing, C.R. Cushing & Co Inc, Ncw York R3

14. IMPROVED SAFETY THROUGH THE USE O F COMPUTER BASED PLANNED MAINTENANCE 92 SYSTEMS. CaptainM. Macleod, FNI, Amos Systems, UK.

15. SHIP OPERATIONS AND INSURANCE. Captain C. li Luddeke, FNI, ACIArb, Director, Mediterranean 96 Shipping Co SA; Director, Livcrpool and London Steamship P&I Association Ltd; Mernher, Technical Advisory Board, Germanischer Lloyd.

16. MEASURES T O IMPROVE SAFETY-A DISCUSSION Rea7-Admiral D. J Mackenzie, CB, FNI, Vice- 105 President, The Nautical Institute, Chairman, The Ship Operational Working Group

17. OPERATIONAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS. Captain A. G. Marsh, MNR, MNI, Marsh Morisori 108 and Associates Ltd, UK.

18. SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS IN TIIE DESIGN AND OPERATION O F A SIX-MAN REFRIGERATED 11 1 VESSEL. l' Munk, Senior Vice-President, J . Lauritzen AIS, Denrnark.

19. RECENT FERRY TRAGEDIES: IMPLICATIONS FOR THE SHTPOWNERSIFEKKY OPERATORS. 117 Captain P.A. Heathcote, B.Comm, LL.B, MBA, MNI, MRIN, Formerly Vice-President, Marine Services, Marine Atlantic, Canada.

20. CHEMICAL CARRIERS. Captain A. ANieoi, KOMIR, FNI, MRIN, Ccntre for Advanced Maritime Studies, 123 Edinburgh, Scotland.

MANAGEMENT OF SAFETY 3

21. ASSURING THE SAFE 'TRANSPORTATION O F CHEMICALS BY SEA. Captain C. Allport, FNI, Safety 139 Superintendent, Exxon Chcmical International Inc, Europe.

22. SAFETY AND QUALITY ASSURANCE IN AN OFFSHORE FLEET. Captain P R. Maudsley, MNI, Deputy 143 Managing Director, Farstad UK Ltd, and Captain V .R . Gibson, MNI, Managing Director, Notac Ltd.

23. FACTORS T O BE CONSIDERED WHEN IMPLEMENTING SAFETY SYSTEMS IN OFFSHORE 149 STANDBY VESSELS. 0. H. Andersm, Managing Director, Esvagr, Denmark.

24. FACTORS T O BE CONSIDERED WHEN IMPLEMENTING SAFETY SYSTEMS IN A MIXED 157 MANAGED FLEET. Captain V . Patwardhan, Vice-President, Ship Management, Western Marine Agencies, USA.

25. OIL POLLUTION RESPONSE AND CLEAN-UP. Captain R.B. Middleton, FNI, Managing Director, Briggs 161 Marine Environmental Services, UK.

26. PREVENTION O F OIL SPILLS DUE T O GOOD TANKER PRACTICE. Captain M R . Smith, FICS, MNI. 166

27. SAFE OPERATION O F BULK CARRIERS. Captain P J Swift, FNI, Director and Marine Superintendent. 168

28. PREPARING FOR EMERGENCIES AT SEA. Captain P N LeMarquand, FNI, Shipmaster (Rtd), BHP Ltd, 171 Australia

People 29. ROI,F, OF THE MARINE SUPERINTENDENT IN PROMOTING SAFE OPERATING PRACTICES.

Captain W . A . Codring-ton, FNI, Senior Port Captain, World-Wide Shipping Agencies Ltd, Hang. Kong.

30. ROLE O F THE ENGINEER SUPERINTENDENT IN PROMOTING SAFE OPERATING PRACTICES. , J. R . Duffy, C . Eng, MIMarE, Senior Fleet Superintendent, P&O Containers, UK.

31. SAFE WORKING PRACTICES AT SEA, SAFETY COMMITTEES, PERMITS T O WORK, TRAINING, DRUGS. AI,COHOL, SECURITY - A SHIPMASTER'S CONCERN. Cagtain [.H. Drahos, BSc, FNI, - Shipmaster, USA.

32. THE SELECTION, EMP1,OYMENT AND TRAINING O F SHIPS' OFFICERS AND CREWS IN A MANAGED FLEET. Captain U Zellmer, Hanseatic Shipping Company Ltd, Cyprus.

33. COMMUNICATION PROBLEMS INHERENT IN A CROSS-CULTURAL MANNING ENVIRONMENT. Profssor D. H. Moreby, FNI, formerly Polytechnic South West, UK and Chairman, The Nautical Institute, Education and Training Committee.

34.EDUCATION AND TRAINING IN THE MANAGEMENT O F MARINE SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION. Captain A. Allieui, KOMIR, FNI, MRIN, Centre for Advanced Maritime Studies, Edinburgh, Scotland.

3 5 . TRAINING FOR MARITIME CREWS. Captain R. 0. Elsensohn, FNI, Principal MITAGS, Maryland, USA.

36. SUBSTANDARD SHIPS AND THE SHIPMASTER. Report of The Nautical Institute Council

3: PF.T<SOS.\I.:\C:C:IDFSTS SEFK I-RO\1 4 l'&[ ('I.UI< .AN11 \ll:.ASIJKES\VlII(:ll .UEED'l'OB1:'1'.4KI-S TO RF.T)I.[F (:I..\I\IS / K H /IL//, H.A (La\<) D~rector tor I'humas \lillcr P&[, CK.

38. SAFETY, MANAGEMENT AND THE NAUTICAL INSTITUTE. C J Parker, BSc, FNI, Secretary, The Nautical Inslitulr.

INDEX

Abandon ship 174 Acceptable risk 203 Accidents ashore 11,221,225

crew 222 investigation 13 prevention 9, 13 reports 21,190

Accommodation 151 Accounting 37 Accreditation 148 Alarms 175 Alcohol 179, 188 191,207

A&CO (:ad= Anchor-handling Anchor9 ' Andersen O.H. Area9 for inspection Asse~sment

hazards lndeocndent safe6 20

Auditing 26,109 Audit of the authorised

oreanisation 47 147 k k ? E ~ z a t i o n of statntorv work 47

Ballasting procedures 166 Barrany 99 BCH and IBC Codes 124 Berth Standard of Average

Clause 101 Bill of lading 98,100 BIMCO 70 Birds 164 Boilers complex multi stage 182 Bollard pull 143 Books, posters and videos 41 Bosun 201 Breakdown maintenance 94 Brid e team training E 209 Brie ng of masters and chief

engineers 196 BS 5750 145 BS 5750 and IS0 9002 28 Bull J.R.H. 218 Bulk cargoes 146

instructions 91 liquids 146

Bulkhead construction 60 Bunkers 46,98

Capture 99 Car bulkers 169 Career development 17 Cargoes 146, 171

claims 21 1 containment and systems 131 handling and cargo care 37 handling operations 135 on deck 168 operations 180 records 101 ships 54 shortage claims 100

INDEX spills and contingency

planning tank materials and

linings handling systems vehiclcipassenger handling

Cargoes that corrode that heat that move or liquefy

Cargoworthiness Carriage of Goods by Sea Act

1971 Casualty records and casualty

statistics Casualty reporting Certificate of fitness Certification and compliance

with rules arid regulations Charterers' C:ontribution

Clause Charterparties Check list9 Checking 121 Chemicals

Chemical Cargoes 123 Compatibility 159 Reactivity 127 Tanker development 123,55

Chevron's safety pollcy 9 Chief engineers 94,183 Chief executive 26 Civil war 99 Claim handling 36 Classification and Statutorv

Surveys 54 Classification defination 58 Classification societies' role 53 Clausing 100 Codes

safe practice for the carriage of bulk cargoes 170

shipmanagement standards 28,30

Codrington W.A. 178 Collisions, total losses and

explosions 223 Combustible materials 61 Comnlit~nent 146 Communications 22, 95, 158, 153

channels 23 problems 198 procedures 37 system 153

Compensatiori 101 (:ompliancc patterns 199 Computer systems 114

planned maintenance 92 stock coriuol system 94

(:ondition reports 213 Condition-based maintenance 184 Consequence analysis 107

, Constnlction W:! Consumption of fuel 1 H3 Containment boorrrs 164 Containment of fire 61 Contingency planning 34

Contracts elrlployment 66,220,214 fireightmen t 65

Control systems 182 integrated 114

Controllable-pitch propeller 11 3 Corporation chairman 227 Corrosivity 127 Corruption 158,199 Cost eficiency/purchasing/

contracting 35 Crew agreement 22 1

changes 195 conditions 214 costs 111 manning agents 219

CRISTAL 163 Croa~ul tura l manning 198 Cultural background 207

Differences 198 Cultures 23, 159 Cushirie C.R. 83

Damage 100 stability book 91 to hearing 223 to ladders 169

Dangerous cargo book 90 Dangerous Vessel Act 1985 68 Uatabasr 94,95 Deck officer's ~lranual 85 Degradation 11 1 Delegation I:! Delegatiori of statutory work 47 Design 62 Detention of unsafe ships 68 Discipline 146 Dispersants 164 Diving systems 56 Drahos J.H. 188 Drawings 83,94 Drift trials 175 Drills 174

and insrrnction 197 Drugs 72,179, 188, 191

addiction 207 smuggling 103

Dlydocking 146, 184 Duf5J.R. 182 Dyrlalrrically supported craft 56

Early warning 2 .5 Ecor~o~riic l~~otives 200 Education and

training 206, 207, 202 Efficiency 111 Electronic data interchange 70

Navigation 209 Elsensohn R.O. 209 Emergencies 21, 171, 186 E~rrploylne~~t or crew 219 Enforcement of the regulations 46 Engineer oK~cer's manna1 85 Engineer superintendelir 183 Engineering support 183 Engincroorrr and machiney l13 Engine - rnrdium speed 113 English 195 Etity to enclosed spaces l(i8

MANAGEMENT OF SAFETY 235

Environmental protection 33,121,202

Error Tolerance 74 Escape or access for lire

fi hting ~ s t a f l i s h i n ~ objectives Estoppel Emu@ Omega Ethics Ethnic hackerounds " Evacuation of survivors 149 Evaluation of the Hazards of Bulk

Water Transportation of Industrial Chemicals 124

Experience 115 Explosives 99 Extra premiurn 98 Exxon Chelnical 139 Exxnn Valdn 25

Failure mode analysis Failure types and tokens Falling objects Fast rescue boat Fault tree analysis Fer~y Operators Films Fines 97, Fires

detection and extiriguishing

prevention prevention and

protection protection detection system extinguishing appliarices fighting fighting plan fighting

Fish Fit for service Fixed and floatirir objects

U a

Flags Registers State Control Flagging-out

Flammability Flannr~able cargo vapour Fleets

I Iandhook Safety policy Safety programme

Flooding Freehoard

(;anpays 225 and companion ladders 223 and pilot laddel-s l68

Garden City 117 Gas Carriers 55 Gas tul-bir~c 182 Gene~al avcragr General failurc types ((;FTs) Gibson V.R. Goals Gavel-nment's rcsponsihilities (;rain stability book (;uidelines

k)r the cateaorisadorl of noxious liquid substances

236 THE NAUTICAL INSTIl

129

'UTE

on lnanagement for the safe operation of ships and for pollution prevention 25

H+M exclusions 96,99 Hague, Hague-Visby Rules 97 Handholds and railings 151

L7

IIameatic 61 Hanscatic S h i o ~ i n e Co. Ltd. l94 . . %,

Harnionized survey and certification system 57

Hatch lids 173 Hatchcovers 168 Hazards and properties of

chemical cargoes 126 Hazards to the environment 128 Hcalth 178 Health and safety,

environmental policy 146 Heathcote P.A. 117 Heavy weather 176 Herald ofFree Entprprise 25 Hodges S.L.H. 64 Hull fouling 183 Human relationships 207

resources 194

ILO's instruments 61 IMO coventions 64

Kesolution A.647(16) 202 Iniplcmenting a system of

quality management l06 I~nprovement and prohibition

notices 68 Incentives

awards 16 schemes 190

Inert gas systems 61 infectious diseases 97 Initiative 181 Irispcctions ti-om ashore 43 Iristructional and educational

videos 159 Illsurable and insured P&I risks 96 Insurariccs 36 Insured hull and machinery

risks 99 International Association of

Classificatio~i Societies (IACS) 59

International Oil Tanker & Terminal Safely Guide 43

International maritirric instruments 45

Ititerrlational shipping corl\~cntions 50

Investigation 13,192,221 IS0 9000 145

Jansen E. Jones Act

Lady (;rt~u~zdnlyr~ Lakonia Language Leadership Lcaks Le Marqnand P.N. Leback W.(;. Level of qnalification Liabilities and penalties

employers 66 for agents' error 99 for unseaworthiness 65

Life saving and evacuation 121 Lifejackets l54 Liferaft3 154 Lifesaving equipment

maintenance instructions 89 Lifting hook 153 Line management

responsibility 27 Litigation 98 Lloyd's Standard Form of

Slavage Agreement 103 Lord Kelvin 139 Loyalty 200 Luddeke C.F. 96 Lubricating oils 183

Machinery operating rnariual 85 Machinery spaces 185 Mackenzie DJ. 105 Macleod M. 92 Mahidhara CM 40 Maintenance 111

routines 92 software 93 standard 35

Management 15 of Safe Ship Operations

and Pollution Prevention 145

of safety 21 of ship 228 responsibilities 62 review 147

Manning agents 27 Manning and shipmangemeut 199 Manning systems 200 Manoeuvrability 145,153 Manoeuvring data 175 Marluals 94 Manuals and Plans 83 Marine insnrance 65 Marine Safety Officers 53 Marine Superintendents 178,227 Marion 40, 117 Marsh A.G. 108 Masters 227 Master's manual 87 Master's negligence 102 Matrix methodology 121 Maudsley P.R. 143 Mean time between failure 106 Measures to improve safety l05 Medical

Examinations 220 Trratment of injured

survivors 149 Memoranda of Understanding

[MoU] 48,68 Memorandurn on Maritime

Middleton R.B. 161 Mirlimum manning levcls 220 Mobile Offillore Drilling Uniu 56 Model company concept 53 Monitor 25 Moriilurins T . % y stems 92

Moorings 113,168 Moreby D.H. 198 M m Castle 60 Motivation 13,93,155 MS0 course content 230 Multi-lingual skills 201 Multi-national cross-cultural

manning 201 Munk T. 111 Muster list and station hill 89

Natasket 60 National maritime

legislation 46,90 Nautical Institute 227 Navigation 121,146,180

Equipment 113 System's components 207 Requirements 171 Safety 41

Negligence 99 Of masters, oficers,

crew or pilots 99 Noise levels 56 Nonnand Drott 155 Notification of claims 96 Notification procedures 162 Nuclear Ships 56

Occupational safety and health 121 Occupier's liability 66 OCIMF/ITOP 163 Offshore Eleets 143 Offshore standby vessels 149 Ohnstad SJ. 60 Oil

Companies 145 Pollution Preparedness, Response, and Cooperation (OPRC) 52

Pollution response 161 Record books 90 Recovery options 165 Transfer books 100 Spill contingency

planning 161 Spill response 45

Oleophilic skimmers 165 Omnibus rule 97,99 On-board safety programme 14 One-man error 41 Operation 62 Operation Manuals 115

Management policies 193 Operational spills 162 Operations Book 146 Ordorico E. 70 Ore/bulk/oilers 169 Owner's civil and criminal

liabilities 64

P&I Club 163 Cover 219 Exclusions 98

Parker CJ. 227 Parting of ropes and wires 2'23 Passenger 100

accidents 224 contracts of carriage 224 ships 54 contract of carriage 67

Patwardhan V. 157

Penalties 67 Permits to work 188 Personal effects 98 Personal hygiene 159 Personal injury 98 Personal injury records 13 Personal management

effectiveness 228,233 Personal safety 179 Personnel 32

accidents 218 management 210 screening 188

Pilots 193 Piper Alpha 145 Planned maintenance 183

systems 92 Planning and communication 166 Plans and drawings 163 Poisonous gases and

asphyxiation 223 Poisson distribution 76 Policy Policy renewals Pollution

avoidance prevention 167

Port State 54 control 48 inspectors 191

Positive feedback 21 Positive reporting 213 Practical communication 23 Preplanning operations 44 Pressly S.J. 19 Preventing pollution by

chemicals 125 Prevention of oil spills 166 Preventative maintenance 11 Principles of modern marine

fire protection 61 Procedure 71, 115,167 Professional skills 196 Propulsion and auxiliary

machinery 121 Protection and indemnity 96

See also P&I Profedor 155

Quality Assurance 25, 105, 108, 143, 147, 227, 229,

Quality management 106, 145 Quality System Schemes 38, 59, 139

Radar certification 209 Radar and ARPA use of 42 Rating system 108 Reason J.T. 74 Recording crew performance 196 Records 27,180 Recovery of survivors 149, 151 Recruitment and employment

policies 201 Recruitment process 195 Refugees 97 Regular inspection 42 'Renulations 193.227 ~eEability Religion Renewals Repair and overhalil

Repatriation 98 Repeatable standards 110 Reporting 27,48,146 Rescue basket 154 Rescue zone 151 Resolution A443 212 Review 27 Rig operators Risks

assessment management

Robson G.T. Runniog down clause

Safe management manning Certificate manning operation of bulk

carriers operations transportation of chemicals by sea working practices

Safety and environmental

objectives and environmental

polic): and ennronmental protection auditing awareness bulletin committees defects drills management management meeting of Life at Sea officers and conlmitl on hoard policies on board plan pohcy programmes publications space state indicators systems

Sailing Salvage Sanitation and catering Satcom system Srandinauian Star Sea-protests Sragoing staff Seastaff responsibilities Seamanship Seaworthiness Sedinientation Serious defects Setting examples Shaft alternator Shear force and bcnding

momeIlts Ship damage Ship design Ship inspection analysis Ship operations and safety

management

MANAGEMENT OF SAFETY 237

Ship reception facilities 73 Shipoperating procedures 109 Shipboard medical care 210 Shipboard safety 196 Shiphandling simulator 209 Shipmanagement companies 27 Shipmaster 145 Ships and aircraft 54,74 Ships Carrying Noxious Liquid

Chemical Substances in Bulk 55 Shore support 188 Simulation 114 Simulator training. 20'4

0

Sipes J.D. Slip and fall Slippery surfaces Smith M.B. Social life or1 hoard 115 Solas con~oliance 63 Sorbent katerials 163 Specialised LPG/LNG training

ship 196 Sprinkler systems 61 Spruyt~.

'

Stability 146, and trim hook

Stairways Standring G.B. Statistics Statutory and class requirc-

ments 1 X3 Sl"cW 52

~~ - STCW 1978 Convention 194 Steering 175 Stevedores 100 Stock 94

corllrol systems 93 Stowaways 97 Strategic plarmirlg 110 Stresses 169 Strike or lockout insurance 98 Stnlhauge 155

Substandard Ships Working Group

Substandard ships Supercargo Superintendents Superstnlcture Supenision Supply vessels Surveillance Sunival Survival suit3 Swift P J.

Tank cleaning and preparation 133 Tanker lnspections 105

Ship/shore safety checklist 90

Tanks and enclosed spaces 185 Tarlktop and deck strength 170 Teamwork 176 Technical support 36 Temporary certificate of

seaworthiness 214 Thermal and structural

boundaries 61 Three Mile Island 75 Thrusters 113 Titanic 60,157 Topping-:-off 166 Total quality management 139 TOVALOP 163 Towing 146 Toxicitv 126

205, 229 and instruction 114 bridge team 209 fur emergencies 41 manual 89 of engineers 187 of ships' officers 194

Treatment areas Treatment room Trim Two-stroke diesel engine Types of survey

UKL P&I Club 218 United Nations Convention on

Law of the Sea 1982 64 United Nations High

Commissioner for Refugees 97 Un~narlned machinery space 182 Unsafe operation of manage

ment of ships 67 US Coast Guard 51 US Oil Pollution Act 1990 51,73 USCG examinations 53,63

Vacuum skimmers Vents Vertical zones Vessel chartering

lnfonnation book Structure

Videos Viking Pn'nces.s

Watchkeepers Watertight compartments Weapons Weather Weir skimmers West Gamma Work-load of the crew Wreck

Yannouth Castle

Zellmer U

238 THE NAUTICAL INSTITUTE