the na-1400 network attached storage device user guide

The NA-1400Network AttachedStorage Device

User Guide

March 2006

2 NA-1400

User Guide

March 2006COPYRIGHT NOTICE© 2001–2006 Newisys®, Inc. All rights reserved.Newisys® Inc. has made every effort to ensure that the information contained in this document is accurate and reliable, but assumes no responsibility for errors or omissions. Information in this document is subject to change without notice. Companies, names, and data used in examples herein are fictitious, unless noted.This document contains copyrighted and proprietary information, which is protected by United States copyright laws and international treaty provisions. No part of the document may be reproduced or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, for any purpose, without express written permission from Newisys® Inc.TRADEMARK ACKNOWLEDGMENTSNewisys® and its logo are trademarks of Newisys®, Inc. Newisys® is a Sanmina-SCI company. All other trademarks are the properties of their respective owners. THIRD PARTY NOTICESApplianceView™ is a trademark of ApplianceWare, Inc.Intel® xScale® is a registered trademark of Intel Corporation.Java Development Kit and JDK are trademarks or registered trademarks of Sun Microsystems, Inc.Linux® is a registered trademark of Linus Torvalds. Microsoft® and Windows® are trademarks or registered trademarks of Microsoft CorporationMozilla™ and Firefox™ are trademarks or registered trademarks of Mozilla Corporation.RedBoot™ is a trademark of Red Hat, Inc.OPEN SOURCE COMPONENTSCertain portions of the software included with the system are licensed under the terms of the most recent version of the GNU General Public License (GPL) and GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL), as published by the Free Software Foundation. If you desire the source code for these components, you may access them on the support Web site or request physical media (CD-ROM) through customer support. The media will be provided in exchange for a handling fee in keeping with the terms of the GPL. The GPL is available at http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl.txt, and the LGPL is available at http://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl.txt.CONTACTING CUSTOMER SUPPORTIf you have questions, concerns, or need assistance, see the Technical Support contact information provided by your system supplier.

Contents

Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5About this Guide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5Audience . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5Warranty and Liability Limitations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5About the NA-1400 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5

Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5Integrated Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5Web Interface Management Software Compatibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6Minimum Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6

Safety and Initial Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7Before you Begin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7Power Switch Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7Passwords, Name, and Address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8

DHCP Server Is not Available . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8DHCP Server Is Available . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8

Log on and Configure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12Restore Default Network Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13Log off or Shut down . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13Remove and Reinstall a Hard Disk Drive Carrier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14

Managing Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17Managing Users and Groups on the NA-1400 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17

Reserved User and Group Names . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17Managing Users Locally . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18Managing Groups Locally . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19

Managing Access to Folders and Shares . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20Managing Shares and Folders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21

Monitoring the NA-1400 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24Checking Status of the NA-1400 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25Monitoring Hardware Status . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26Change Administrative Password . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27Change the Date and Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28

Shutting Down the NA-1400 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28

Configuring Advanced Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31Changes to Advanced Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31

Name and DNS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31Other Networking Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32

Obtaining an IP Address from a DHCP Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32Authenticating Users and Groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34Advanced Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37

Large Network Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38

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User Guide

Updating the NA-1400 via the Web . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .39Troubleshooting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40

Obtain a Configuration Snapshot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40

Configuring Storage Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45Managing Storage Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45

Available RAID Levels in the NA-1400 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45General Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .46Managing Volumes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .47Managing RAID . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .49Managing Pools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .50Disk Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .51Hard Disk Drive Replacement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .51

Using the Online Help . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .55On-line Help . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .55

Viewing On-line Help . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .55Printing On-line Help Screens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .55

Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .57

4 NA-1400

Chapter 1

Overview

About this GuideThe NA-1400 User Guide contains the following information:• "Safety and Initial Setup" on page 7 includes diagrams of the NA-1400, with explanations of the

functions and proper use of its components and initial hardware installation.

• "Managing Settings" on page 17 includes instructions about how to manage groups and folders, how to check status and user connections, and how to view settings.

• "Configuring Advanced Settings" on page 75 includes instructions about how to perform more advanced administrative activities.

• "Configuring Storage Settings" on page 45 includes instructions about how to set up storage options.

• "Using the Online Help" on page 55 includes instructions about how to use the online help.

• "Glossary of Terms" on page 61 provides definitions for many of the terms that are used in this guide.

AudienceThe Newisys NA-1400 is intended for:• Network users who are familiar with standard end-user functionality.

• Administrators who have some knowledge of basic computer networking.

Warranty and Liability LimitationsATTENTION: USE OF THE SOFTWARE IS SUBJECT TO THE TERMS OF THE APPLIANCEWARE SOFTWARE LICENSE. USE OF THE SOFTWARE INDICATES YOUR ACCEPTANCE OF THESE LICENSE TERMS.

About the NA-1400SoftwareThe NA-1400 enables cross-platform file-sharing for Windows, Macintosh, and UNIX/Linux users. Server software is the engine that drives this network-attached storage device. Setup, configuration, and management are available via the Web-based interface.

Integrated ManagementThe NA-1400 produces simple management tools for locating and configuring devices. The Web-based user interface unifies access to all NA-1400s on a network.

NA-1400 5

Overview

Web Interface Management Software CompatibilityThe management software does not require installation and is accessible from any system running Microsoft Internet Explorer 5.0 or later or Mozilla Firefox 1.0 (or later) Web browsers.

Features• XFS Journaling File System.

• The Linux 2.6.x-series kernel.

• Supports the following network protocols: SMB/CIFS (Windows) and FTP.

• Available in English, Japanese, French, German, Traditional and Simplified Chinese versions.

• Software RAID levels 0, 1 and 5 available, with RAID management tools.

• User and Group management in Local (with the NA-1400), Native (using Active.Directory Services), or Mixed (using a Primary Domain Controller) security modes.

• Folders & Sharing management with Access Control Lists.

• WINS Server service available.

• Wizard based installer for easy server setup.

Minimum RequirementsThe Web -based administration tool may be used on any system with either Microsoft Internet Explorer 5.0 or Mozilla Firefox 1.0 (or newer versions) installed. Although other JavaScript- and HTTPS-capable browsers might work, they are not officially supported.

Note: See the NA-1400 Release Notes for product specifications.

6 NA-1400

Chapter 2

Safety and Initial Setup

Before you Begin• Read the document titled NA-1400 Safety and Regulatory Information, packaged with your NA-1400.

• Read and follow the installation instructions in the poster titled Installing and Configuring the NA-1400.

Power Switch FunctionsThe table below contains information about the functions available via the power switch.Table 1: Power Switch and LED Functions

Function Steps

If system is off:

Power on Press the power switch 1 time. (Do not press and hold the power switch.)a

If system is on:

Power off, software shutdown Press the power switch 1 time. (Do not press and hold the power switch.)

Power off, hardware shutdown Press and hold the power switch.b

Reset default network settings Press the power switch 1 time to power on.When the power up is complete, quickly press and release the power switch two times. The IP restore process begins and completes in a few seconds.Quickly press and release the power button one time to power down the NA-1400.When the power down is complete, press the power switch one time to power up with the correct network settings.Note: This also resets the passwords to secret and admin. To reset or

synchronize the Web interface and root passwords, go to Maintenance, Administrator, and check the box beside Synchronize with root password. See “Change Administrative Password” on page 27 for more information.

Restore system filesc With power off, insert the USB device that contains the saved system files into one of the USB ports.Press the power switch 1 time to power on.After about 2 minutes, the status LED blinks 2 times. Immediately press the power switch 1 time. The status LED will be off during the restore process. If an error occurs, the status LED blinks constantly. If the restore is OK, the status LED blinks occasionally.

LED

On Normal state

NA-1400 7


Passwords, Name, and Address• The initial root password is secret.

• The initial Web interface password is admin.

• The hostname is HOSTxxxxxxxx, where xxxxxxxx represents the last eight characters of the unit’s MAC address.

DHCP Server Is not AvailableIf no DHCP server is available, the NA-1400 uses one of two static IP addresses.

• For Eth0, the port closest to the power supply input, the static IP address is https://192.168.0.100. It is recommended that you use Eth0 to configure the system.

• For Eth1, the static IP address is https:192.168.1.100.

Note: Before you start the Discovery application on a non-DHCP network for the first time, ensure that the NA-1400 and the client PC are physically plugged into the same subnet.

DHCP Server Is AvailableIf a DHCP server is available, at power-up the NA-1400 configures itself and assigns itself an IP address that you later use to access the Web-based interface. If a DHCP server is available, use one of the methods below to find the NA-1400 on your network.

• “Discovery CD” on page 8

• “Windows” on page 9

• “Macintosh” on page 10

• “Linux” on page 11

Discovery CD1. Insert the Discovery CD into the appropriate drive.

2. Open the contents of your CD-ROM drive.

Off As soon as power switch is pressed to power down the NA-1400.

Three long blinks Success after a command sequence.

Three short blinks Failure after a command sequence.

a.Total time to power on after you press the power switch can be 10 minutes for the first power on. Subsequentpower ons can take up to four minutes. Blue LEDs on the hard disk drive carriers flicker during power on andilluminate during data read and write.b.A hard power off is not recommended.c.This process assumes that you previously saved system files to a USB device. It restores those files (not userdata) to the NA-1400 drives. See “Make Backup Copies of System Files” on page 41.

Table 1: Power Switch and LED Functions (Continued)

Function Steps

8 NA-1400


3. Find the Readme file that is included in the list of files and double-click on it to open it.

4. Follow the instructions for your operating system.

Notes: It can take 15 minutes or longer for the NA-1400 to display in the Workgroup.

Java Runtime Environment version 1.4 or later is required to run Discovery on Mac OS X. Version 1.4.2 is highly recommended.

Figure 1: Hostname and IP Address via Discovery CD

Windows

Use “Network Neighborhood”

To locate the NA-1400 in Network Neighborhood or My Network Places:

1. From your computer desktop, double-click on Network Neighborhood (or My Network Places in the latest Windows versions).

2. Double-click on Entire Network.

3. Click the Search icon in the top tool bar.

4. Click Search for Computer, the hyperlink located in the left pane.

5. Type the IP address in the Computer Name field.

6. Press Enter. The NA-1400 displays in the right pane.

7. Double-click on the NA-1400 name to open the Logon window.

Use “Find Computer”

To locate the NA-1400 using Find Computer:

1. From the Windows Start menu, choose Find, and then click Computer. The Find Computer dialog box opens.

2. Type the IP address of the NA-1400 in the entry field.

3. Click Find Now.

4. Locate the NA-1400 and double-click on it to connect.

Saving Files

• You can use the Save As command on the Windows File menu to save files on the NA-1400.

• You can also drag files to NA-1400 folders in Network Neighborhood or Windows Explorer.

NA-1400 9


Assign a Drive Letter to the NA-1400

You can assign, or "map" a drive letter to the NA-1400. If you assign a drive letter to the Public share or a frequently accessed folder, you will have a convenient, direct path to your data.To map to a shared folder:

1. Double-click on Network Neighborhood.

2. Browse to the NA-1400 or the appropriate folder and right-click on it.

3. From the menu, choose Map Network Drive. The Map Network Drive box opens with the path to the folder you selected.

4. In the Drive field, select the drive letter you want to use for this folder.

5. Check Reconnect at Logon to automatically connect to this folder the next time you start Windows.

6. Click OK. Now you can locate the NA-1400 in My Computer under the drive letter you assigned.

Macintosh

Note: This version of the NA-1400 software supports Mac OS X 10.1.2, 10.1.5-based computers (and later).

The NA-1400 is ready for use as soon as it is installed on your network. If necessary, the administrator can limit access to files to particular users or groups. Otherwise, files on the NA-1400 are available to everyone who has access to your network. Use the NA-1400 as you would any other drive or server on the network:

• Connect to the NA-1400 shares over Samba (CIFS) protocol using Finder (Mac OS X).

• Create and save shared files in folders and shares on the NA-1400.

• Back up files stored on the NA-1400.

• Make an alias for folders and shares that you use often.

Connecting through the Finder (Mac OS X)

To connect to the NA-1400:

1. From the Finder menu, select Go, then select Connect to server…

or

Press Apple + K.

2. Select the NA-1400 from the list.

3. Log on the NA-1400, either as a guest (without password) or with your user name and password. (See “Log on and Configure” on page 12.)

4. Select the folder you want and click OK. The NA-1400 folder is now on the Macintosh desktop.

Saving Files to the NA-1400 (Macintosh)

You can save files on the NA-1400 by dragging the files onto NA-1400 folders on your desktop. NA-1400 folders remain mounted on the Macintosh desktop until you drag them to the trash.

10 NA-1400


LinuxThe NA-1400 is ready for use from clients using CIFS/Samba as soon as it is installed on your network. Use the NA-1400 as you would any other drive or server on the network:

• Connect to the NA-1400 by IP address and directory path to a local mount point.

• Create and save shared files in folders and shares on the NA-1400.

• Backup files stored on the NA-1400.

• Create KDE/GNOME desktop icons and symbolic links for convenience and faster access.

• To handle Samba (Windows) connections, you also can use the LinNeighborhood utility with a GUI.

Mounting a Share on the NA-1400

You must know the NA-1400 IP address and public mount point in order to connect to the NA-1400. Once the IP address and target mount point are established, the NA-1400 is accessed using a mount command with the target IP address, target mount point, and local mount point, in the form of:

smbmount //ip-address/target-directory-path local-mount-point

The target directory path depends on how the NA-1400 disks are configured. If the NA-1400 has been configured with a static IP address, ask the administrator for this address to connect to the server. If the NA-1400 is set to obtain a DHCP IP address automatically, either get the IP address from the Web interface application, or ask the system administrator.

KDE or Gnome users also can use Konqueror or Nautilus (respectively) in order to browse the local network using SMB/CIFS. Please refer to their manuals for details.

Create a Local Mount

To create a local mount:

1. Type: mkdir [directory name] <Enter>

For example, if you want to create a directory named testdir under user's home directory, you would type:

mkdir ~/testdir

2. Press Enter.

3. Type:ls [directory name]

4. Press Enter. The contents of the directory display. It is empty.

View Available Shares

To view the shares available for CIFS/SMB mounting:

1. Type: smbclient -L [//NA-1400 name or IP address]

2. Press Enter.

For example, if the NA-1400’s IP address is 192.168.0.230, you would type:smbclient –L //192.168.0.230

3. Press Enter.

NA-1400 11


If your NA-1400 is joined into domain, you might be prompted for a domain password. Otherwise, just press the Enter key at password prompt.

Mount an Available Share

1. Decide which share path you want to mount from the list that is displayed on the screen. To mount an available share on the NA-1400 to a local mount point, from a Linux console type:

smbmount //[NA-1400 IP address]/[path on NA-1400] [local mount point]For example, if the NA-1400 IP address is 192.168.0.230, the share name is public, and the local mount point is ~/testdir, you would type:

smbmount //192.168.0.230/public ~/testdir

2. Press Enter.


4. Press Enter. The contents of the directory, now containing files on the NA-1400, display. You can use this directory as if it were a local directory on the client.

Disconnect a Share

To disconnect a share mounted on the Linux client:

1. Type:smbumount [directory name]

For example, if path on the local Linux client is ~/testdir, you would type: smbumount ~/testdir

2. Press Enter.


4. Press Enter. The contents of the directory display. It is empty.

Log on and Configure1. Open an instance of your Web browser.

2. Click in the Address field and enter the appropriate IP address.

3. Press Enter or click Go. The Logon window displays.

Figure 2: Logon Window

4. Click in the (case-sensitive) Password field and type the default password admin.

12 NA-1400


Note: Default root ssh password is secret.

5. Click OK to open the Setup Wizard.

6. Accept the defaults or specify an IP address, subnet mask, and default gateway, and click Next.

7. Accept the defaults or enter a unique system name of 15 English characters or fewer. Click Next.

8. Verify date, time and time zone for the NA-1400. Use the GMT subtractor, if necessary. Click Next.

9. Accept the default password that populates the field or create a new password (use English characters). You will use this password to have access to view or change configuration settings.

10. Click Finish.

Note: If you changed the system name, the NA-1400 will reboot. Otherwise, only its management engine is restarted. In both cases, you must log on via the system management Web interface when power on completes.

11. To log on again, type the NA-1400’s IP address in the Web browser address field and press Enter. The Logon window opens.

12. In the Logon window, type your password and click OK. The Web-based system management tool opens.

Note: In case of a server hang at logon time, the management engine will restart automatically and be available for logon again in about five minutes.

Restore Default Network SettingsYou can reset incorrect network parameters on the NA-1400. This is necessary after you have moved the system between different networks, for example.

To restore the default settings:

1. Press the power switch one time to power up the NA-1400.

2. When the power up is complete (about four minutes), quickly press and release the power switch two times.

The IP restore process begins and completes in a few seconds.

3. Quickly press and release the power button one time to power down the NA-1400.

4. When the power down is complete (about four minutes), press the power switch one time to power up with the correct network settings.

Note: This also resets the passwords to secret and admin.

Log off or Shut down1. Click Logoff in the Web interface.

2. To shut down, click Shutdown in the Web interface or press the power switch one time.

NA-1400 13


Remove and Reinstall a Hard Disk Drive Carrier

Caution: Do not remove a hard disk drive (HDD) carrier unless you must replace a faulty disk. Label the carriers and the slots before you power on the system. If the NA-1400 is off, you can remove more than one HDD carrier, but you must reinstall them in exactly the same positions they previously occupied. Otherwise, the unit might not boot and/or data might be lost. If the unit is on and you have a RAID volume, do not remove more than one HDD carrier at a time. A RAID volume handles only a single drive removal.

This section contains instructions for the removal and insertion of an HDD carrier. If you want to replace the HDD inside the carrier, see the detailed instructions in "Replace the Hard Disk Drive in the Carrier" on page 14.

Figure 3: Hard Disk Drive Carrier and Latch Release

Remove the HDD Carrier1. Unplug the power supply cable from the back of the unit.

2. Unplug all Ethernet, USB, and other cables from the unit.

3. Open the front door of the unit.

4. Remove the HDD Carrier.

a. Open the front door of the unit.

b. Squeeze the release latch and carefully swing the arm to the left, as far as possible, to pull the HDD carrier away from the connector.

c. With both hands, grasp the carrier bezel and carefully pull the HDD carrier out of the drive bay. Do not use the arm as a handle for the removal of the HDD carrier.

Replace the Hard Disk Drive in the CarrierIf it is necessary to replace the hard disk drive, continue with the instructions below. If not, go to “Reinstall the HDD Carrier.”

1. Place the hard disk drive and carrier on a flat, non-slippery surface.

2. Remove the four 6-32 phillips screws that hold the hard disk drive in the carrier. Set them aside for later use.

14 NA-1400


3. Remove the hard disk drive from the carrier.

4. Place the new hard disk drive into the carrier. Ensure that the connectors are on the open end of the carrier and that the screw holes are aligned.

5. Install the four 6-32 phillips screws to secure the hard disk drive. Do not overtighten the screws.

Reinstall the HDD Carrier

Caution: Be certain to install the HDD carrier in the appropriate slot—the same slot from which you previously removed it.

1. To reinstall the HDD carrier in the unit.

a. Unlatch and open the arm of the HDD carrier as far as possible to the left.

b. Grasp the body of the HDD carrier with both hands and carefully guide the connector end of the carrier into the drive bay, until the arm engages and partially closes.

c. Push the arm forward and latch it to lock the HDD carrier in place.

2. Close the front door of the unit. The system is now ready to boot.

3. Reconnect the USB, Ethernet and power supply cables to the back of the unit.

NA-1400 15


16 NA-1400

Chapter 3

Managing Settings

Managing Users and Groups on the NA-1400As soon as you install and configure the NA-1400, as instructed in the previous chapter, it is available to everyone on your network, by default.

You can change the user authentication from local (on the NA-1400) to either of these network user authentication means:

• Primary Domain Controller

• Active Directory Services

Notes: The choice of security mode should be made early. Later changes can cause some users to lose access to files stored on the NA-1400.

If you use either of these authentication means, you must add, modify and delete user and group information on the Primary Domain Controller or Active Directory Services, rather than through the Web interface window.

Reserved User and Group NamesSome user and group names are reserved for system use. Table 1 contains the user names that are reserved and Table 2 contains the group names that are reserved.Table 1: User Names Reserved for System Use

adm halt news postgres ssh

apache iputils nobody root sshd

bin klogd novsftpd rpc sympa

daemon ldap nscd rpcuser sync

exim lp ntpd rsyncd syslogd

ftp mail operator secret uucp

games mailman popa3d shutdown vsftpd

gdm mysql postfix squid xfs

gopher

Table 2: Group Names Reserved for System Use

adm dip loop popa3d shadow

apache disk lp postdrop slocate

audio exim mail postfix squid

auth firewall mailman postgres sympa

bin floppy man postman sys

cdrom ftp mem proc tty

NA-1400 17

Managing Settings

Managing Users LocallyIf users are authenticated locally on the NA-1400, add, delete, or edit user information through Security on the Main Menu, under the Users tab.

Figure 1: Authenticating Users Locally

Adding a New UserTo add a new user:

1. Click Security on the main menu.

2. Click Users tab. The User Management window opens.

3. Click Add User.

4. Enter the user’s Name, Description, and Password. Use the same name and password the user has for logging into the network.

5. Click Accept.

The new user has been added to the list of users who can access the NA-1400.

cdwriter ftpadmin mysql radio utmp

chkpwd games named root uucp

console gdm netwatch rpc wheel

cvs gopher news rpcuser wnn

cvsadmin kmem nobody rpm x10

daemon ldap nscd rpminst xfs

Table 2: Group Names Reserved for System Use (Continued)

18 NA-1400

Managing Settings

Editing User InformationTo edit user information:

1. Click Security.

2. Click the Users tab.

3. Select the user. Left-click on the name of the user.

4. Change the user’s description and/or password.

Note: If you want to adjust group membership for a user, click the Group Members button, then use >> and << buttons. By default, each user is included in a group called “users.”

5. Click Accept. The information for that user is modified and saved.

Removing a UserTo remove a user:

1. Click Security, on the Main Menu.

2. Click the Users tab.

3. Select the user. Left-click in the checkbox beside the name of the user.

4. Click Remove. The user is removed from the list of users who can access this NA-1400.

Managing Groups LocallyIf groups are authenticated locally on the NA-1400, add, delete, and edit group information through the Groups tab under Security on the Main Menu.

Figure 2: Authenticating Groups Locally

NA-1400 19

Managing Settings

Note: Non-English characters are not supported as parts of group names.

Adding a GroupTo add a group:

1. Click Security.

2. Click the Groups tab. The Group Maintenance window displays.

3. Click Add.

4. Enter the group’s Name.

5. Enter the group’s Description. (You can leave the Description field blank if you choose.)

6. Click Accept. The new group is added to the list of groups.

Removing a GroupTo remove groups:

1. Click Security.

2. Click the Groups tab. The Group Maintenance window opens.

3. Check the checkboxes beside the desired group names.

4. Click Remove. The selected groups are removed.

Editing an Existing GroupTo edit an existing group:

1. Click Security.

2. Click the Group tab. The User Maintenance window opens.

3. Click the desired group name. The selected group’s information displays.

4. Edit the group-related information.

5. Click Accept. The group information is updated.

Notes: To browse through large group lists, use the pager at the bottom of the users list. Simply click a page number and a new portion of groups appears in the window.

If you remove a group you do not remove the users who were in that group. The users will still have their individual permissions to access folders and shares.

Managing Access to Folders and SharesTo manage access to files on the NA-1400, the administrator controls how the folders are shared. The administrator can define which users and group have access to each shared folder, or “share.”

20 NA-1400

Managing Settings

Managing Shares and FoldersA share is a folder that has been shared for private or public use on the Network. Shares’ names must be 12 characters or less and cannot contain any of the following special characters:

By default, a new share created on the NA-1400 is accessible to everyone on the network, until the administrator changes the permissions.

A folder is a subdirectory of a share. Folder names can be up to 31 characters, and cannot contain any of the special characters listed above.

If you restrict share names to 12 or fewer characters and folder names to 31 or fewer characters, you can avoid incompatibilities between different systems, such as Linux and older version of Mac OS. Although Windows naming rules are less restrictive, if you exceed these limits, you might encounter such difficulties.

Note: You might want to create several folders, in order to organize the files in a share. Remember that all folders inherit the permissions of the share they reside under, unless they are set otherwise.

Figure 3: Folders and Sharing

Browse through VolumesTo browse through volumes:

1. Click Folders & Sharing on the right. A list of volumes displays.

2. Click the desired volume. The contents of the volume display.

/ \ : * ? ‘ < > | # . % @

NA-1400 21

Managing Settings

Perform Operations on Shares, Folders, and FilesFrom this location, you can:

• Browse through the desired volume.

• Use hyperlinks at the Content tab.

• Read Help information on an appropriate page.

Create a New Shared FolderTo create a new shared folder:

1. Browse to the desired volume or folder.

2. Click Create new share on the Content tab. Share creation dialog displays.

3. Enter the new share name.

4. Click Accept. A new share is created.

Create a FolderTo create a folder:


2. Click Create new folder on the Content tab. Folder creation dialog displays.

3. Enter the new folder name.

4. Click Accept. A new folder is created.

Naming FoldersUse the following conventions to name folders that will be shared with users of Windows 95/98/NT/2000/XP or Macintosh:

• Use any combination of numbers, letters, spaces, dashes, underscores, and apostrophes.

• Limit file and folder names to 255 bytes or less.

Notes: Some languages use multi-byte characters; this may result in reduced length of file and folder names.

If users running Windows for Workgroups or DOS will share the folders, name the folders with eight or fewer alphanumeric characters and without symbols such as spaces, dashes, underscores, or apostrophes.

Share a FolderTo share an existing folder:

1. Browse to the desired volume or folder and click its name. Its content displays.

2. Click Share on the Content tab. The volume or folder now is shared.

22 NA-1400

Managing Settings

Remove Sharing from a FolderTo remove sharing from a folder:

1. Browse to the desired volume or folder, and click its name. Its content displays.

2. Click Unshare on the Content tab. The volume or folder now is no longer shared.

Rename a Folder or ShareTo rename a folder or share:


2. Click its name. The contents display.

3. Click Rename on the Content tab. The Rename dialog displays.

4. Enter the new name.

5. Click Accept. The folder or share now has a new name.

Delete a Folder or ShareTo delete a folder or share:



3. Click Delete on the Content tab. The folder or volume and all tis subfolders has been deleted.

View Properties of a Folder or ShareTo view properties of a folder or share:



3. Click the Properties tab. The folder or share properties display.

View or Adjust Access Permissions of a Folder or Share1. Browse to the desired volume or folder.


3. Click the Permissions tab. The folder’s or share’s permissions display.

Add Access PermissionsTo add access permissions:


2. Click the Permissions tab. A list of authorized users and groups displays.

3. Click Add. A complete list of network users and groups displays.

4. Select the appropriate users and groups and adjust the appropriate permissions.

NA-1400 23

Managing Settings

5. Click Accept. An updated list of authorized users and groups displays.

6. Click Accept again to save the changes. The new permissions are set.

Edit Access PermissionsTo edit access permissions:

1. Browse to a desired volume or folder.


3. Select the appropriate entries from the list and click Edit. A list of permissions displays.

4. Adjust the permissions.

5. Click Accept. The updated list of authorized users and groups displays.

6. Click Accept again to save the changes. The new permissions are set.

Remove Access PermissionsTo remove access permissions:



3. Select the appropriate entries from the list and click Remove. The updated list of authorized users and groups displays.

4. Click Accept again to save the changes. The new access permissions are set.

Use a Share or Folder as Root for the UPnP ServiceTo use a share or folder as the root for the UPnP service:

1. Browse to the desired volume or folder and click its name. The folder contents display.

2. Click the Set as UPnP root hyperlink. the folder or share now is set up to be UPnP root folder. The UPnP root folder is highlighted in green in the Web UI. When you browse through it, appropriate wording also displays.

Notes: UPnP is an optional feature that might not be supported by your server software.

If you want to access permissions to be propagated to subfolders, check the Apply to subfolders checkbox at the bottom of the permissions list.

In the Web interface, the term “OTHER” means all other users and group on the NA-1400. Therefore, if you permit full access to OTHER, you will permit access to all users on the system.

Monitoring the NA-1400You can use the Status window to view the space available on each drive partition and determine which users currently connected.

24 NA-1400

Managing Settings

Checking Status of the NA-1400

View Disk Space InformationTo view disk space information:

1. Click Status on the Main Menu.

2. Select the Monitoring tab at the top of the screen if it is not already selected. A table displays the amount of free and used space on the currently selected partition of the NA-1400.Check User Connections

Note: To view the most recent list of user connections to the NA-1400, click the Refresh icon.

View User ConnectionsTo view user connections:

1. Click Status, on the left side of the window.

2. Click the Active User tab at the top of the window. The names of all users who currently are connected to the NA-1400 are listed.

View NA-1400 SettingsTo view the NA-1400’s current settings:

1. Click Status, on the left side of the window.

2. Click the Settings tab at the top of the window. the current settings display.

Figure 4: Current Settings

NA-1400 25

Managing Settings

View NA-1400 LogsTo view event logs of the NA-1400’s management engine:

1. Click Status, on the left of the window.

2. Select the Log Viewer tab at the top of the window. The log displays.

Figure 5: Event Log Viewer

Monitoring Hardware StatusYou can monitor the status of the NA-1400’s hardware sensors, if they are available. Some of the information you can monitor includes system temperature, voltage, fan speed, CPU load, hard drives, and so on.

Check StatusTo check status:

1. Click Status.

2. Click the Monitoring tab.

3. Click the desired object on the tab (Disk, CPU, and so on). The status displays.

Fix StatusTo fix the status of a newly inserted disk:

1. Click Status.

2. Click the Monitoring tab.

3. Click Disk.

4. Select the appropriate disk name.

26 NA-1400

Managing Settings

5. Click the Fix button. The status of the disk should change to OK.

Change Administrative PasswordTo change the administrative password:

1. Click Maintenance, on the Main Menu.

2. Click the Administration tab. Enter your current password in the appropriate field.

3. Click in the New Password field and enter your new password.

4. Click in the Confirm New Password field and enter your new password again.

5. If you want to use the same new password for root ssh access, click the check box next to Synchronize with root password.

Caution: If you leave this box unchecked, the password change affects access to the Web interface only. Access to the NA-1400 via ssh still will require and still will be possible with the old password.

6. Click Accept to save the change.

Figure 6: Change Administrative Password

NA-1400 27

Managing Settings

Change the Date and TimeTo change the date and time for the NA-1400:

1. Click Maintenance, on the Main Menu.

2. Click the Date/Time tab.

3. Change the date and time for the NA-1400.

4. Click Accept to save the changes.

Figure 7: Change Date and Time

Shutting Down the NA-1400

Note: The NA-1400 is designed to remain powered on most of the time. If you plan to power off the NA-1400, ensure that no users are connected before you do so.

Caution: Always power off the NA-1400 correctly. Use the client software. Unexpected power-off can lead to data loss.

To power down the NA-1400:

1. Click shutdown Appliance, on the Main Menu.

If you want to completely power off the NA-1400, select Shutdown and click OK.

If you want to restart the NA-1400, select Restart and click OK.

If you want to leave the NA-1400 powered on, click Cancel.

28 NA-1400

Managing Settings

As explained in “Safety and Initial Setup,” you also can use the Power switch on the front of the NA-1400 to power down the server.

To use the power switch to power down the NA-1400:

• Normal power-down: Quickly press then release the Power button. The NA-1400 begins to power down. When the power light is off, you can disconnect the power cord from the NA-1400.

• Hard power-down: If the NA-1400 does not respond, you can press and hold the power switch for a few seconds. This results in an attempted proper shutdown followed by a hard power-down in about 20 seconds.

Caution: Use hard power-down as little as possible. This method can result in data loss.

Figure 8: Shutdown Window

NA-1400 29

Managing Settings

30 NA-1400

Chapter 4

Configuring Advanced Settings

Changes to Advanced Settings

Caution: Incorrect changes to advanced settings can negatively affect the performance of the NA-1400 and can compromise the security of your network. Ensure that you understand how to change these setting properly, before you proceed.

Name and DNSYou can change the name of your NA-1400 and the settings for your domain name server. Your network administrator or Internet Service Provider can provide this information.

Change the Name of the NA-1400To change the name of the NA-1400:

1. Click Networking, on the Main Menu.

2. Click the Name/DNS tab.

3. Change the Appliance Name to the name of your choice. Remember that non-English characters are not supported.

4. Click Accept to save the change.

Figure 1: Change the Name

NA-1400 31


Network Domain

Note: If your NA-1400 obtains its address information from a DHCP server, the network domain information is obtained automatically, and is grayed out.

If your NA-1400 uses domain mode, to change the network domain:



3. Change the Network Domain to the appropriate one.

4. Click Accept. The domain for your NA-1400 has been changed.

DNS Search OrderThe DNS search order specifies one or more Domain Name Servers for the NA-1400 to use. DNS servers are used in the order they are listed.

Note: If the NA-1400 obtains its IP address from a DHCP server, DNS fields are automatically filled with the correct information, and are grayed out.

To change the DNS Search Order:



3. Click the DNS Search Order field.

4. Use Add and Edit and the up and down arrows to arrange DNS addresses.

5. Click Accept. The order the NA-1400 uses to search for a DNS server is changed.

Other Networking OptionsEach NA-1400 on the network requires an IP (Internet Protocol) address. If your NA-1400 has two or more NICs (network interface cards), it can have multiple IP addresses. There are two methods to assign an IP address to the NA-1400:

• Use a DHCP server to assign the IP address automatically.

• Specify a static IP address.

Note: See your network administrator before you modify these settings. It is recommended that you give the NA-1400 a static IP address or a non-expiring DHCP lease time.

Obtaining an IP Address from a DHCP ServerYou can configure the NA-1400 to receive an IP address from a DHCP server, if one is attached to the network.

32 NA-1400


Figure 2: Obtain DHCP Server-Assigned Address

Obtain DHCP AddressTo have the NA-1400 automatically obtain an IP address:


2. Click the NICs tab.

3. Select NIC1 (eth0).

4. Select the radio button beside Obtain an IP address from a DHCP server.

5. Click Accept. The NA-1400 is now configured to receive its IP address automatically.

Note: If the NA-1400 is unable to contact a DHCP server, it will search for an IP address in the 169.254.* network.

Set Static IP AddressYou can configure the NA-1400 to use a static IP address. Before you set a static IP address, ensure that the address you want to assign is not in use already, by a different computer on the network.

To specify a static IP address:


2. Click the NICs tab.

3. Select the NIC that you want to configure.

4. Select Specify an IP address.

5. Enter the IP Address, Subnet Mask, and Default Gateway in the appropriate fields.

6. Click Accept. The NA-1400 now uses the fixed IP address to access the network.

NA-1400 33


Note: To configure additional NICs in a multi-NIC server, repeat this procedure. The NA-1400 will reboot. After the reboot is complete, the NA-1400 uses the parameters you set to access the network.

Authenticating Users and GroupsBy default, user security is managed locally on the NA-1400. Everyone on your network has access to the NA-1400, immediately after installation. The Security tab allows you to change from this local mode to native mode (authenticate Users and Groups against your Active Directory Services) or to mixed mode (authenticate Users and Groups against your Primary Domain Controller). You can limit access to the NA-1400 to particular users or groups of users in one of three ways:

• Authenticate Users and Groups against your Active Directory Services (Native Mode).

• Authenticate Users and Groups against your Primary Domain Controller (Mixed Mode).

• Manage Users and Groups via the Web interface.

Native ModeIf the NA-1400 authenticates users and groups against your Active Directory Services, users and groups must be added, modified, and deleted on Active Directory server, not through the Web interface. In addition, you will not be able to view user and group information through the Web interface. Users simply are authenticated against the Active Directory server when they attempt to connect to a share.

Figure 3: Native Mode User and Group Authentication

To authenticate users and groups against Active Directory Services:


2. Select Security Mode.

3. Click the Modes tab.

4. Select Native mode.

34 NA-1400


5. Enter your ADS Domain name (but not DNS domain name), Active Directory Services, Realm, KDC, Administrator logon, Administrator password, and WINS Server.

Note: The Administrator’s logon and password will be used when the NA-1400 is joining the Active Directory. Your network administrator can provide this information.

6. Click Accept. The method of security is changed.

Make changes to users and groups through Active Directory Services. Do not manage users and groups through the Web interface.

Mixed ModeTo save network resources and improve security, you might want to authenticate users and groups on a primary domain controller. Except for NFS UID/GID mappings, you will not be able to edit user and group information through the Web interface. Users simply are authenticated against the primary domain controller when they attempt to connect to a share.

Figure 4: Mixed Mode User and Group Authentication

To authenticate users and groups against your Primary Domain Controller (mixed mode):



3. click the Modes tab.

4. Select Mixed mode.

5. Enter your NT Domain Name (but not DNS domain name), Primary Domain Controller, Administrator logon, Administrator password, and WINS Server in the appropriate fields.

NA-1400 35


Note: The Administrator’s logon and password will be used when the NA-1400 is joining a domain. Your network administrator can provide this information.

6. Click Accept.

7. Make changes to users and groups on the Primary Domain Controller.

Local ModeIf the NA-1400 maintains user and group information, users and groups must be added, modified, and deleted through the NA-1400.

Figure 5: Local Mode User and Group Authentication

To manage users and groups via the Web interface:



3. Click the Modes tab.

4. Select Local mode.

5. Enter the name of your Workgroup in the appropriate field.

6. Configure WINS support:

Click Neither to turn off WINS support.

Click WINS Server to configure the NA-1400 as a WINS server.

Click WINS Client to configure the NA-1400 as a WINS client and enter the IP address of the WINS server in the Remote WINS Server field.

7. Click Accept. Users and groups now can be managed locally on the NA-1400.

36 NA-1400


Advanced OptionsWindows, Macintosh, and UNIX/Linux users share files on the NA-1400 through Samba/CIFS protocol and FTP (File Transfer Protocol) can be used by these clients. FTP protocol can be enabled or disabled manually. By default, it is turned off.

Note: UPnP can be used for streaming of sound, images, and video over the network is UPnP. UPnP is an optional feature that might not be supported by your NA-1400’s server software.

Figure 6: Enabling FTP Support

Enabling FTP SupportTo enable FTP support:


2. Click the FTP/UPnP tab.

3. Select Enable Anonymous FTP.

4. Click Accept.

FTP clients now can connect to the NA-1400 and download files from public shares.

Enabling UPnP SupportTo enable UPnP support:


2. Click the FTP/UPnP tab.

3. Select Enable UPnP.

NA-1400 37


4. Click Accept.

UPnP service now is enabled and the current UPnP root folder is displayed. It is possible to change this and set up any single folder to be used as UPnP root folder. See "Use a Share or Folder as Root for the UPnP Service" on page 24.

Note: You can disable FTP and UPnP services at any time. Simply uncheck the appropriate checkboxes and apply the changes.

Large Network SettingsYou can configure your NA-1400 to access other subnets of the network. Large Network settings can be used only when the NA-1400 has a static IP address. If the NA-1400 obtains its IP address from a DHCP server, the Large Network settings are configured automatically, with no entries required.

the Large Network settings options enable you to periodically “announce” the NA-1400 in the remote network where normal browse propagation rules do not work.

Figure 7: Large Network Settings

To edit the large network settings:


2. Click the Large Network tab.

3. To add Subnets:

Click Add.

Enter the appropriate information:

• Broadcast address or an IP address of remote master browser

• Workgroup name.

38 NA-1400


Click Accept.

4. To edit an entry:

Select the subnet you want to change.

Click Edit.

Enter the appropriate information.

Click Accept.

Now other subnets of the network can see the NA-1400.

Updating the NA-1400 via the WebIt is possible to use a remote repository on the Web to update your NA-1400’s server software. This should work in most cases, even if you are behind a firewall. This method of update is the simplest way to install recent security fixes, for example. Your NA-1400 vendor can provide you with repository access information.

Figure 8: Update via the Web

To update your NA-1400 via a direct Internet connection:

1. Click Maintenance.

2. Click the Update tab.

3. Enter the Web address of the repository in the Repository field.

4. Enter the logon and password in the Login and Password fields.

5. Click Accept.

The update begins.

NA-1400 39


To update your NA-1400 from a proxy server:

1. Click Maintenance.

2. Click the Update tab.

3. Check Use proxy checkbox.

4. Enter the repository’s Web address in the Repository field.

5. Enter the logon and password in the Login and Password fields.

6. Enter the proxy server’s address in the Proxy server field.

7. Enter the logon and password of the proxy server in the Login and Password fields.

8. Enter the proxy server’s port value in the Port field (optional).

9. Click Accept.

The update via the proxy server starts.

TroubleshootingObtain a Configuration SnapshotUse the Troubleshooting feature of the Web interface if some add-on cards do not work properly or if the NA-1400 does not function as you expect it to do.

Enable Debug LogsTo enable debug logs of the NA-1400’s management engine:

1. From the Web interface menu, click Maintenance.

2. Select the Troubleshooting tab at the bottom of the window.

3. Click the Enable button. The light color on the left should change from red to green. This indicates that the logs are enabled.

Disable Debug LogsTo disable debug logs of the NA-1400’s management engine:

1. In the Web interface, click Maintenance.


3. Click the Disable button. The light color on the left should change from green to red. This indicates that the logs are disabled.

Enable or Disable Debug Logs at Boot TimeTo enable or disable debug logs at boot time:

1. In the Web interface menu, click Maintenance.


3. Click the checkbox beside Enable debug logs at server start-up.

40 NA-1400


When the checkbox is checked, the NA-1400 will enable logging at each boot.

When the checkbox is blank, the NA-1400 will disable logging at each boot.

Note: If you believe that sending configuration files via e-mail might compromise your security, read the text below to determine what pieces of information are included and how information is encrypted, then make a decision.

The configuration snapshot contains:

• Network configuration (host and domain names, gateway, gateway device, and IP addresses of the NA-1400.

• Information about NA-1400 shares.

• Status and debug log files of management engine and Samba service.

• Kernel modules configuration file.

• A list of hardware devices present in the system, and their specific features.

Notes: The configuration snapshot is a compressed file that is encrypted with the PGP key. It means that only an owner of the key can decrypt the data retrieved from your NA-1400. It can be the NA-1400 or server-side software vendor.

No passwords are included into the snapshot, except for the proxy and Web repository credentials that might be used at NA-1400 update time.

Use logging only for troubleshooting and disable this option at regular operation time in order to avoid server operation slowdowns and waste of a disk space on system partitions.

Make Backup Copies of System FilesIt is possible to make backup copies of system files. This can be useful for recovery procedures.

To make backup copies of system files:

1. Have a USB hard drive or flash drive on hand that contains a valid FAT partition with at least 256 megabytes of free space. Such a drive can be partitioned and formatted under Windows.

2. Connect the USB drive to any USB port at the rear of the NA-1400.

3. Log on using the Web interface.

4. Click Maintenance in the main menu.

5. Click the Backup tab.

6. Pick the desired flash or hard drive from the list of available USB drives. Refresh the page in a few seconds if no drives display on the list.

7. click the Backup button to begin the process. The backup of the system files begins.

8. In about five to ten minutes, the process is over. The success message displays.

You can disconnect the USB drive from the NA-1400.

NA-1400 41


Note: It is not necessary to activate or deactivate USB drives when you make backup copies of system files. For storage use, these operations are mandatory.

Restore Broken System FilesIf the NA-1400 does not boot, restore the system files that previously were saved on the USB drive.

Notes: Do not leave the USB drive connected when the restore is complete. It can lead to an improper device detection at boot and cause error alarms on the status page in the Web interface. (User data should remain intact in this case.)

You might lose current settings of the NA-1400, since they will be overwritten by an older backup copy from an USB drive. (User data should remain intact in this case.)

To restore system files:

1. Ensure that the NA-1400 is powered off.

2. Connect a USB drive, that has a backup copy of system files, to any free USB port of the NA-1400.

3. Power on the NA-1400. As the NA-1400 begins to boot, the blue LED that is next to the power switch begins to flash in a series of rapid flashes.

4. While the blue LED flashes, quickly press the power switch. The restore process begins and the blue LED no longer is illuminated.

When the blue LED begins to flash again then stays on continually, the restore process is complete.

5. Disconnect the USB drive. The NA-1400 continued to boot. When boot is complete, you can use the NA-1400.

Note: If the restore process results in slow flashes of the blue LED, the restore has failed.

The restore function is not capable of restoring the broken system partitions. It can restore only broken system files.

Provide Access over USB ConsoleIt is possible to access NA-1400’s console over a USB, with an appropriate USB Host-to-Host Bridge cable.

To access the console over a USB, under Linux:

1. Connect one end of a USB cable to a USB port on the NA-1400.

2. Connect the other end of the USB cable to a client PC.

3. If your Linux distribution features hot-plug functionality, the cable should be detected automatically. Otherwise, see "Load Module Manually" on page 43.

4. A new device appears in the system: /dev/ttyUSB0

42 NA-1400


5. Start cu with the following parameters:cu -eo 0s 115200 -1 /dev/ttyUSB0

6. Press Enter.

7. Logon as root with an appropriate password.

8. Perform the required operations.

9. Type logout to quit the session.

10. Type ~. to quit cu.

Notes: If you forgot the root password, you can change it. See "Change Administrative Password" on page 27.

Access to the console is recommended only for experienced users. The software vendor cannot be responsible for changes that are made manually, via the console.

Load Module ManuallyIf the USB cable is not detected automatically, follow the instructions below to load an appropriate module manually.

1. Locate vendor and product IDs for your cable under:/proc/bus/usb/devices

2. Logged in as root user, load an appropriate module. In the example below, replace Vendor and ProdID with the values from the /proc/bux/usb/devices files.

modprobe usbserial vendor=Vendor product=ProdID

3. A new device, /dev/ttyUSB0, should appear in the system.

NA-1400 43


44 NA-1400

Chapter 5

Configuring Storage Settings

Managing Storage SettingsThrough the Web interface, you can create, edit, deconstruct, and view RAID (redundant array of independent disks) and other storage objects.

Caution: “Do not remove a hard disk drive (HDD) carrier unless you must replace a faulty disk. Label the carriers and the slots before you power on the system. If the NA-1400 is off, you can remove more than one HDD carrier, but you must reinstall them in exactly the same positions they previously occupied. Otherwise, the unit might not boot and/or data might be lost. If the unit is on and you have a RAID volume, do not remove more than one HDD carrier at a time. A RAID volume handles only a single drive removal.” on page 14

Available RAID Levels in the NA-1400The NA-1400 supports three types of RAID configurations for the data partition. You can use these RAID levels on a multi-drive appliance, whether or not you install a hardware RAID card. If there is no hardware RAID card installed, you can use software RAID. RAID0, Linear RAID, RAID1, and RAID5 are available.

RAID 0: Single Large VolumeThis type of RAID also is known as striping. RAID 0 interleaves blocks of data between several drives. Even though multiple drives exist in the array, to the user a RAID 0 appears as a single large volume. It is important to understand however, that there is no form of data backup when using a RAID 0. If a single drive fails, you will lose the entire array. This type of RAID should not be used for mission-critical data. RAIS 0 is available for any system with two or more drives.

Linear (JBOD): Single Large Volume, No StripingThis type of RAID is similar to RAID 0. However, it does not use striping. Instead, user data is written sequentially. JBOD works more slowly than RAID 0. RAID Linear can be built on two or more drives.

NA-1400 45


RAID 1: MirroringThis type of RAID is used to create a mirror copy of the information that is contained on one or more of the disks. In this method, a mirror is created for each drive that contains data. For example, in a two-drive RAID 1 setup, both drives contain exactly the same data. Since there is 100% redundancy, there is no risk of data loss if one drive fails. RAID 1 is available for any system with two or more drives.

RAID 5: Disk Striping with Distributed ParityThis type of RAID features both striping and redundancy. RAID 5 uses a technique called distributed parity, which enables you to recover data if one drive in the RAID fails. In addition, data blocks are interleaved evenly across the drives in parity bits. RAID 5 is available only for systems that have three or more drives.

General InformationThis chapter explains how to control your NA-1400 volume settings. As explained above, there are several available RAID levels. But volume management involves more than RAID creation. There are other ways to configure storage settings of your NA-1400.• If the structure of your storage does not fit in the application Window, you can maximize Window and/

or use scroll bars.

• Each object can be deleted.

• Each object has properties that you can view. Just click desired object, then click the Properties link at the top of the window.

Notes: Macintosh users with a single-button mouse can press Ctrl + mouse-click to open the pop-up menu.

Other users can right-click to open the pop-up menu. To select multiple items in a list box, press and hold Ctrl while you select items with mouse-clicks.

Cautions: No operations are performed on the NA-1400 until you press the Accept button at the bottom of the window. Your storage structure and your data remain unchanged until you “accept” the changes you make.

Take care when you configure volumes. Improper configuration can lead to data loss.

46 NA-1400


Managing VolumesYou can create several separate logical volumes on the NA-1400.

Figure 1: Create a Logical Volume

Create a Logical VolumeTo create a logical volume:

1. Click Storage in the main menu.

2. On the Volume tab, click Create. A list of available storage objects displays.

3. From the list, select an object on which to build a volume.

4. Click Apply. A dialog window displays.

Note: Resizeable volumes can be built only on Pools.

5. In the dialog window, type the amount of disk space to be used for this volume.

6. Click Accept. The new logical volume is created.

Note: At the time of creation, at least 16 megabytes of space is reserved for the file system on the volume. The balance of the space is available for data you store.

NA-1400 47


Figure 2: Volume Properties

View Volume PropertiesTo view properties of a logical volume:

1. Click Storage on the main menu.

2. On the Volume tab, click the appropriate volume name. The Properties page displays (Figure 2).

Delete Logical VolumeTo delete logical volume:


2. On the Volume tab, click the appropriate volume name. The Properties page displays.

3. Click Delete. The Confirmation window displays.

4. Click OK. The logical volume you selected is deleted.

Resize Logical Volume

Note: Resizing works for pool-based volumes, only.

To resize logical volume:


2. On the Volume tab, click the appropriate volume name. The Properties page displays.

3. Click Resize. A dialog window displays.

4. Type in the amount of disk space that you want to add to the existing volume.

48 NA-1400


5. Click OK. The logical volume is resized.

Managing RAIDIt is possible to build RAID arrays on an NA-1400, and to add and remove spare drives for them.

Create a New RAID ArrayTo create a new RAID array:


2. Click the RAID tab.

3. Click Create. A list of available storage objects appears.

4. Select the appropriate storage objects and select the RAID level from the combo box.

5. Click Apply. The new RAID array is created.

Delete a RAID ArrayTo delete a RAID array:


2. Click the appropriate RAID name. The Properties page displays.

3. Click Delete. The confirmation dialog displays.

4. Click OK. The RAID array you selected is deleted.

View Properties of a RAIDTo view properties of a RAID:



Add Spare Drives to an ArrayTo add spare drives to an existing array:



3. Click Add spare drives. A list of available drives displays.

4. Select the appropriate drives from the list.

5. Click Apply. The spare drives are added to the array you selected.

Notes: When you add two or more drives as spares, the RAID sync process occurs sequentially for each drive. For this reason, the sync percentage for the whole RAID might change from about 90% back to 1%. This is not an error.

The addition of spare drives is supported only for RAID1 and RAID5.

NA-1400 49


Remove Spare Drives from an ArrayTo remove spare drives from an existing array:



3. Click Remove spare drives. A list of available drives displays.

4. Select the appropriate drives from the list.

5. Click Apply. The spare drives are removed and are now available for other purposes.

Managing PoolsPool is a logical structure that adds more flexibility to storage devices. With pools, you can build resizeable logical volumes.

Note: The minimum pool size is equal to 80 megabytes.

Build a PoolTo build a pool:


2. Click the Pool tab.

3. Click Create. A list of available storage objects displays.

4. Select the appropriate objects.

5. Click Apply. The pool is built.

Delete a PoolTo delete a pool:



3. Click the appropriate pool name. The Properties page displays.

4. Click Delete. A confirmation dialog displays.

5. Click OK. The pool you selected is deleted.

View Properties of a PoolTo view properties of a pool:




50 NA-1400


Add Components to a PoolTo add new components to a pool:




4. Click Add components . . . A list of available storage objects displays.

5. Select the appropriate objects.

6. Click Apply. The new components are added to a pool.

Note: Components can be added, only. To free components from a pool, it is necessary to delete the entire pool that uses the components.

Disk PropertiesYou can view properties of disks that are installed in an NA-1400.

Note: In this section, disk is the same as drive, hard disk drive, or HDD.

View Installed DisksTo view a list of installed disks:

1. Click Storage.

2. Click the Disk tab. A list of the installed disks displays.

View Properties of a DiskTo view properties of a disk:


2. Click the Disk tab. A list of disks displays.

3. Click the appropriate disk name. The properties for the selected disk display.

Hard Disk Drive Replacement

Hot-swap Disk ReplacementTo replace a disk in the NA-1400 without shutting it down:


2. Click the Disk tab. A list of available disks and partitions displays.

3. Click the appropriate disk name. The disk properties page displays.

4. Click Deactivate. A confirmation dialog displays.

5. Click OK to deactivate the selected disk.

NA-1400 51


6. Follow the instructions in "Remove and Reinstall a Hard Disk Drive Carrier" on page 14 to remove the selected disk and carrier.

7. Remove the old disk from the carrier according to the same instructions.

8. Install the new disk in the carrier according to the instructions.

9. Reinstall the HDD carrier in the NA-1400. The NA-1400 automatically detects the new drive.

10. Refresh the Web page or click any link in it. The Disk Insertion Wizard opens, with three available options:

Treat new drive as legacy non-ApplianceWare drive. A drive is registered in the system and user data remains unchanged. This option is useful for USB drives.

Treat new drive as legacy ApplianceWare drive. A drive is registered in the system and user data is completely erased. No further actions are performed.

Add new drive as spare. A drive is registered in the system and user data is erased. A drive is added to the first available RAID1 or RAID5 array, as a spare.

11. Select the option you want and click OK. The activation process begins.

12. When the activation process is complete, click Status on the main menu. The Status page opens.

13. Click the Disk tab. A list of disks displays.

14. With the new drive name selected, click Fix to set its status to normal, if required. The new drive is in place.

Note: The Disk Insertion Wizard can appear one or more times, depending on how many new disks you insert.

Cold-swap Disk ReplacementTo add a new disk to the NA-1400 after power has been removed:

1. Follow the directions in "Remove and Reinstall a Hard Disk Drive Carrier" on page 14 to remove the HDD carrier with the old disk.

2. Follow the instructions in that section to remove the old disk from the carrier and to install the new disk in the carrier.

3. Insert the carrier with the new disk in the NA-1400.

4. Power on the NA-1400.

5. Log on to the Web interface. The Disk Insertion Wizard opens.

6. Select the appropriate option and click OK. The activation process begins.

7. When the process is complete, the new disk is available for use.

Notes about Disk Replacement and Addition• Deactivation works only for empty drives without volumes or for drives that are included in RAID

arrays.

• When disk activation is in progress, the Web interface is inaccessible. The Web browser displays a warning page that states that the system is busy.

52 NA-1400


• The removed disk might continue to display under the Monitoring section, marked as “Error.” Select it and click Fix to remove the non-existent disk from the Monitoring list.

• USB drives have the same requirements as regular hard disk drives when they are used for storage. In storage use, NTFS file system is not supported. You must either create a volume on the USB drive via the Web interface or use Windows to create a FAT32 partition.

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54 NA-1400

Chapter 6

Using the Online Help

On-line HelpThe online help is included with this release of the NA-1400.

Note: The online help pages are linked to the inactivity timer. If a help page is open for longer than approximately five minutes without mouse or keyboard activity, the system will log off the user.

Viewing On-line HelpThere are two ways to access online help in the Web interface.

• Context sensitive help: The context sensitive help can be accessed on each screen by clicking Help, at the top right of the screen in the Web interface. Help for the specific screen you are viewing will be displayed in the default Internet browser.

• Help Index: The help index is available at the left side of each help page. It allows to browse through help topics quickly.

Printing On-line Help ScreensIf you would like to print an on-line help screen, and have a printer connected to the computer that has the Web interface installed, you may do so from the Internet browser.

To print an on-line help screen:

• From a Web browser menu, pick File then Print. The help screen is printed.

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Using the Online Help

56 NA-1400

Glossary

Active Directory ServicesAn essential component of the Windows 2000 architecture that presents organizations with directory services designed for distributed computer environments. Active Directory allows organizations to centrally manage and share information on network resources and users while acting as the central authority for network security.

Administrative PasswordPassword that ensures that unauthorized users do not have access to the NA-1400 management software via the Web interface. The administrator can set the administrative password by using the Setup Wizard in the Web interface.

AppleTalk Filing Protocol (AFP)File-sharing protocol that is used in a Macintosh (AppleTalk) network.

ApplianceThe NA-1400.

ApplianceViewThe Web interface management software.

AuthenticationThe process by which a computer allows a client to connect if a valid username and password are supplied. The administrator can configure the Web interface to enable the NA-1400 server to authenticate users in locally, on the NT domain server, or on the Primary Domain Controller (PDC).

Authentication TypesSee User Authentication Types.

Client PCA computer that can connect to a server with communication protocols. For example, a client is a computer that connects to the NA-1400.

Default GatewaySee Gateway Address.

Disk SegmentDisk partition.

DomainA group of computers that are connected by both hardware and software so that files are easily shared among users. The key difference between a workgroup and a domain is that in the domain, the Primary Domain Controller (PDC) maintains a database regarding which users and groups have access to the files

NA-1400 57

Glossary

and shares that exist on the domain computers. This is in contrast to a Microsoft Windows Workgroup, in which each computer that belongs to the workgroup maintains a database of the users who can access its files and shares.

Domain Name Service (DNS) ServerServer that runs software that allows domain names to be converted into IP addresses. If a user types www.na1400.com in the address field of an Internet browser, a DNS server converts it to the proper IP address, such as 63.111.5.210. DNS servers can be used in the same manner for Local Area Networks, so that computer names, rather than IP addresses can be used to share files. (In a Windows-only network, a Windows Internet Naming Service (WINS) Server is used to convert computer names to IP addresses.)

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) ServerA server that automatically assigns IP (Internet Protocol) addresses to client machines on a TCP/IP network. Typically, the System Administrator provides the DHCP manager software a range of available IP addresses, and the DHCP Server assigns available IP addresses to client PCs, as needed.

EthernetSee LAN.

EVMSEnterprise Volume Management System.

Folder TreeA list of all of the folders and shares on the NA-1400. The list displays in the Web interface. The Administrator can double-click the icon of the drive, share, or folder to view other shares and folders that are lower in the tree.

Gateway Address (Default Gateway)In a Local Area Network (LAN), the Internet Protocol (IP) address of the router that allows requests for Internet data to go out of the local network. If the NA-1400 has a static IP address, the Default Gateway address must be entered in the Web interface.

Hardware RAID ApplianceA Hardware RAID Appliance is an NA-1400 that uses a hardware-controlled Redundant Array of Independent Disks. In order to create a Hardware RAID Appliance, a RAID controller card must be installed inside the NA-1400.

HubSee Network Hub.

Internet Protocol (IP) AddressEach computer in the network, including the Appliance has a unique IP address. This address is either automatically assigned from a Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) server, or manually assigned by a system administrator. The IP address allows the computer to communicate with other computers as part of a TCP/IP network.

KernelThe low-level, fundamental part of Linux that resides in memory at all times and provides basic services for all other parts of the operating system. The NA-1400 uses the 2.6.x kernel.

58 NA-1400

Glossary

LAN cableCable used to connect devices in a Local Area Network. This is also referred to as a Patch Cable or an Ethernet Cable.

LDAPLightweight Directory Access Protocol. LDAP is an industry standard for organizing data for easy and flexible retrieval.

LinuxLinux is an open source, freely distributable version of the UNIX operating system. The ApplianceWare server is based on the Linux operating system.

Local AppliancesNA-1400 that is attached to the Local Area Network by an Ethernet cable. Local appliances are automatically recognized and added to the list of Local Appliances by the NA-1400.

Local Area Network (LAN)Several computers that are networked together using physical connections. Although there are several types of LAN, Ethernet is the most prevalent and is the only type of LAN that the NA-1400 supports.

Logical DriveIn the context of a partitioned disk drive or a RAID, the user’s perception of a disk drive. This is in contrast to a physical drive, which is the actual disk drive. For example, a workstation could have one 80GB hard drive (one physical drive), but the drive might be set up in four partitions of 20GB each (four logical drives). In this case, the user will view the one physical drive as four distinct drives, since Microsoft Windows displays each partition as a separate drive. In the case of a Redundant Array of Independent Disks (RAID), several physical drives actually appear as one logical drive.

Logical VolumeA mountable storage object.

Logical Volume Manager (LVM)A group of multiple physical volumes that are pooled into logical volume.

Media Access Control (MAC) AddressThe unique 12-digit alphanumeric identification number assigned to the Network Interface Card (NIC) in the NA-1400. MAC addresses are written as six sets of two numbers separated by colons.

NA-1400All hardware components and all server software built into and packaged with the unit:

• All physical components

• NA-1400 server software

• Web interface management software

• Discovery CD

NameSee Appliance Name

NA-1400 59

Glossary

Network Attached Storage (NAS)A specialized file server that connects to a network via an Ethernet cable. The NA-1400’s Web interface software package enables an OEM to create a robust NAS device.

Network DomainSee Domain.

Network HubA device that allows several computers to be connected to a Local Area Network (LAN) via Ethernet cables.

Network File System (NFS)The file-sharing protocol that most UNIX computers use. Through NFS, users who have access can manipulate the shared files and folders on a remote server.

Network Interface Card (NIC)A piece of hardware that is either built into the motherboard, or a card that plugs into the motherboard. The function of the NIC is to allow communication from one computer to another. In order to access the Local Area Network, a computer must have a NIC installed. Each NIC has a unique Media Access Control (MAC) address that allows computers to be distinguished from each other on a network. There are several types of NICs, but the most common is Ethernet. The NA-1400 was designed to support most Ethernet NICs.

NISNetwork Information Service. NIS allows multiple computers in a local area network to share administrative data. The data is stored in a central database, then distributed over the network.

PartitionA subdivision of the physical hard drive that has been segmented into logical drives for some purpose. The user will view each of the partitions as a separate physical drive, even though each partition is a logical drive. In any single physical drive the total disk space is equal to sum of the total disk space in all the partitions (logical drives). For example, a workstation could have one 80GB hard drive (one physical drive), but the drive might be set up in four partitions of 20GB each (four logical drives). In this case, the user sees the one physical drive as four distinct drives, since Microsoft Windows displays each partition as a separate drive.

Patch CableSee LAN cable.

Physical DriveIn the context of a partitioned disk drive or a RAID, the actual hard disk drive. See Logical Drive and Partition.

Physical Volume (PV)A physical medium.

Primary Domain Controller (PDC)The server that authenticates a user who attempts to connect to a share in a domain. A large Local Area Network with hundreds or thousands of users might have several domain controllers. In this case, one or several Backup Domain Controllers (BDC) also authenticate users.

60 NA-1400

Glossary

Redundant Array of Independent Disks (RAID)A series of multiple physical drives that have been made into a single logical drive, either through hardware or software. NA-1400 supports both hardware and software RAID, but hardware RAID is outside the control of the NA-1400 and must be configured and maintained through the hardware RAID controller. There are several different levels of RAID.

RegionAn ordered set of logically contiguous sectors. (In general they are not physically contiguous).

Reiser File SystemA new journaling file system. Following a system crash or power failure, it is not necessary for the administrator to wait long before the NA-1400 is available. A record of file operations is written to a journal that can be checked in the background after the appliance becomes available. Reiser File System is faster and supports larger file sizes than many traditional file systems.

Remote ApplianceAn NA-1400 that is outside the Local Area Network (LAN).

SecuritySee User Authentication Types.

Server Message Block (SMB)A file-sharing protocol used for Microsoft DOS and Windows computers. Through SMB, users on the Local Area Network who have access can manipulate the shared files and folders on another computer. The NA-1400 supports SMB connections.

ShareA folder that has been shared for use on the Network. Shares must be 12 characters or less, and cannot contain any of the following characters \ / : * ? “ < > | # . %. Shares on the NA-1400 can be created either in the Web interface, Microsoft Windows, or Macintosh’s OS.

Single Drive ApplianceAn NA-1400 that uses a single hard drive as the storage medium. All information that is stored on the NA-1400 will be contained on the single hard drive.

SnapshotA "frozen" image of a volume that represents the status of a volume in a given instance. This image can be used for backups.

Software RAID ApplianceAn NA-1400 that uses a Redundant Array of Independent Disks (RAID) as the storage medium. In a Software RAID appliance the disk array is controlled and maintained by Web interface software, so that no RAID controller card is necessary. All information that is stored on the NA-1400 will be contained in the RAID. The NA-1400 offers Software RAID levels 0, 1, and 5.

Storage objectAny memory structure in EVMS that is capable of being a block device. (See also EVMS and Status.) An administrator can view status information about the NA-1400 through the Web interface. The administrator can view available and used space on each partition of the NA-1400, user connections to the NA-1400, NA-1400 status, and NA-1400 name.

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Glossary

Subnet MaskThe number (formatted similar to an IP address) that is used to define a sub-network, so that IP addresses can be shared on a Local Area Network. If the Server Appliance has a static IP address, the Subnet Mask must be entered in the Web interface.

Transmission Control Protocol/ Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)The protocol that most computers use for communication on the Internet and Local Area Networks (LANs). TCP/IP is comprised of two distinct parts. The Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) establishes a connection with both the server and client ends, and passes data to the connectionless Internet Protocol (IP). TCP is responsible for correct delivery of data from one computer to another. If data is lost en route to the destination, TCP retransmits until the data is received successfully, or until a timeout occurs. The Internet Protocol is responsible for actually moving data from one node of the network to another. Therefore, each packet of data is forwarded to the correct IP address using the Internet Protocol.

Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS)An AC-powered battery into which computers are plugged. The purpose of a UPS is to allow a computer to shut down safely when power is lost unexpectedly. NA-1400 server software has built-in UPS support so that when the power cord and a serial cable are plugged in a supported UPS, the built-in can safely shutdown, if the battery level becomes critical in a power outage. This ensures that no data is lost during power outages.

UNIXAn operating system that is widely used on servers in a variety of contexts, including the Internet. UNIX is multi-user (multiple users can access a UNIX-based system at the same time), thus well-suited to running a server. Clients who wish to log on to a UNIX server must be running UNIX-based operating systems or must have programs that allows their workstations to use NFS. The NA-1400 server is based on the Linux operating system.

User Authentication TypesThe NA-1400 offers three methods for user authentication.

• Users Authenticated on the NA-1400 (NA-1400 Server Mode) In this method of authentication, all user and group information is created and maintained on the hard drive of the NA-1400. Therefore, each time a user attempts to connect to a private share on the NA-1400, the NA-1400 software verifies that the user is allowed to access the share.

• Users Authenticated on the Primary Domain Controller – PDC (Mixed Mode). In this method of authentication, all user and group information is created and maintained on the NT server. When using PDC authentication, user and group information cannot be viewed or modified in the Web interface. A user connects to a private share on the appliance and the PDC verifies that the user is allowed to access the share.

• Users Authenticated on the Active Directory Services (Native Mode). In this method of authentication, all user and group information is created and maintained through the Active Directory Services. User and group information cannot be changed via the Web interface. User access rights are verified by Active Directory Services. See also: Active Directory Services.

Windows Internet Naming Service (WINS) ServerIn a Microsoft Windows-only network, a WINS server converts computer names to IP addresses. Essentially, it operates exactly like a DNS Server, but the WINS server is used exclusively on Microsoft Windows-only networks.

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Glossary

WorkgroupA group of computers that are connected by both hardware and software, so that files can easily be shared among users. The key difference between a Microsoft Windows workgroup and a Microsoft Windows domain is that in the workgroup, each computer maintains a database regarding which users and groups have access to the files and shares on the computers that comprise the workgroup. In a Microsoft Windows domain, a Domain Controller authenticates each user who attempts to access the shares and files of another computer.

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Glossary

64 NA-1400

the na-1400 network attached storage device user guide

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