the muscular system: appendicular musculature 218/11... · muscles of the appendicular skeleton may...

C h a p t e r

11

The Muscular System:

Appendicular Musculature

PowerPoint® Lecture Slides

prepared by Jason LaPres

North Harris College

Houston, Texas

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.,

publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings

Introduction

Appendicular Musculature

Muscles that are responsible for stabilizing the

pectoral and pelvic girdles and for moving the

upper and lower limbs

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings

Introduction

Appendicular Muscles

Account for roughly 40 percent of the skeletal

muscles in the body

Two major groups of appendicular muscles:

The muscles of the pectoral girdle and upper limbs

The muscles of the pelvic girdle and lower limbs

The functions and required ranges of motion differ

greatly between these groups.


Factors Affecting Appendicular Muscle

Function

Muscles of the appendicular skeleton may cross one or

more joints between its origin and insertion.

The position of the muscle as it crosses a joint helps

determine the action of that muscle.

Complex actions often involve more than one joint of

appendicular skeleton.

Muscles that cross only one joint typically act as prime

movers; muscles that cross more than one joint

typically act as synergists.


Factors Affecting Appendicular Muscle

Function


Muscles That Position the Pectoral GirdleMuscles That Position the Pectoral Girdle

Muscles of the Pectoral Girdle and Upper Limbs

Muscles associated with the pectoral girdle and

upper limbs can be divided into four groups:

Muscles that position the pectoral girdle

Muscles that move the arm

Muscles that move the forearm and hand

Muscles that move the hand and fingers



Figure 11.2 Superficial and Deep Muscles of the Neck, Shoulder, and Back




Figure 11.3 Muscles That Position the Pectoral Girdle, Part I



M



Pectoral Muscles

11AppPectrl_3DPA_3D.mov


Figure 11.5 Superficial and Deep Muscles of the Trunk and Proximal Limbs



Figure 11.6 Muscles That Move the Arm (Anterior View)



Figure 11.6 Muscles That Move the Arm (Posterior View)



Figure 11.7 Action Lines for Muscles That Move the Arm


M



Arm Muscles

11AppArm_3DROT_3D.mov


Figure 11.10 Extrinsic Muscles That Move the Hand and Fingers


M



Forearm Muscles

11ApFrmHnd_3DROT_3D.mov


Figure 11.11 Intrinsic Muscles, Tendons, and Ligaments of the Hand


Muscles of the Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limbs

The muscles of the lower limbs are larger and

more powerful than those of the upper limbs.

These muscles can be divided into three

groups:

Muscles that move the thigh

Muscles that move the leg

Muscles that move the foot and toes



Figure 11.12 Muscles That Move the Thigh, Part I



Figure 11.13 Muscles That Move the Thigh, Part II


M



Thigh Muscles

11AppThigh_3DPA_3D.mov


Figure 11.14 The Relationship between the Action Lines and the Axis of the Hip Joint


Adductors and Flexors of the Thigh



[Link to rotatable image 11AxRectus_3DPA]

Hip Muscles

10AxRectus_3DPA_3D.mov


Figure 11.15 Muscles That Move the Leg, Part I



Figure 11.17 Muscles That Move the Leg, Part III


M



Leg Muscles

11ApLegFoot_3DPA_3D.mov


Figure 11.18 Extrinsic Muscles That Move the Foot and Toes, Part I



Figure 11.19 Extrinsic Muscles That Move the Foot and Toes, Part II



Figure 11.20 Extrinsic Muscles That Move the Foot and Toes, Part III



Figure 11.21 Intrinsic Muscles That Move the Foot and Toes


Fascia, Muscle Layers, and Compartments

•Dense connective tissue layers provide a structural

framework for the soft tissues of the body.

•The connective tissue fibers of the deep fasciae support

and interconnect adjacent skeletal muscles but permit

independent movement.

•The deep fascia extends between the bones and the

superficial fascia and separates the soft tissues of the

limb into separate compartments.



Figure 11.23 Musculoskeletal Compartments of the Upper Limb



Figure 11.24 Musculoskeletal Compartments of the Lower Limb


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