The Monsoon Marketplace

Influences on Southeast Asia

Monsoons Sea Trade important

Control of Malacca Strait and Sunda Strait

= Money and Power

Han Dynasty in China Falls

Road not safe

Sea Trade (even more) important

India’s Influence Hinduism and Buddhism Spread

Trade and Missionaries

Sanskrit becomes a

popular language

Islam Spreads

to Sumatra, Malay,

Borneo and Philippines

China’s Influence

Mostly Northern Mainland

Conquest, Migrations and Trade

Early Empires

Pagan Kingdom ~840s

~1057 King Anawrahta conquers the area

Became a center of Buddhist learning

~1200s Mongols demand $$$

Pagans forced to pay downfall of Pagans

Considered origin/golden age of modern Myanmar

Khmer Empire ~800s conquer

surrounding area

Heavy India influence

Practiced a mix of Hindu/Buddhism

Developed a irrigation system for cultivating rice

Became wealthy

Capital - AngkorKnown for Angkor Wat

Over extended + empire declined

ww

i

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SailendraIsland of Java ~750-850

Known for Buddhist Artworks

Srivijaya

Island of Sumatra

~600s-1200s

Controlled Malacca and Sunda Straits

1025 attacked made weak

Borobudur

k

Devout Buddhists

Falls in 13th Century

Region becomes open to Islamic influence

Malacca

Gained control of straight of Malacca when Srivijaya fell (14th Century)

ii

Became major trade center

Becomes a center of Islamic Culture and Education

Dominates the regions language and trade

Remains heavily influential on the region

Demak

Island of Java 15th Century

Islamic

Became major trade center- access to the Spice Islands

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Vietnam Strongly influenced by

China

111 B.C.E. Conquered by Han Dynasty

Ruled by Chinese (mostly) for next 1000 years

Chinese force their culture on Vietnamese

Heavily influenced by Buddhism, Confucianism, Daoism

Adopted Chinese language

However…

Vietnamese kept their culture alive Still worshiped “traditional spirits”

Rebelled anytime China was weak

~939 independent Kingdom of Dai Viet est.

1200s Mongols invaded, but eventually defeated