The Mind, The Brain, The Mind, The Brain, Intelligence, and CognitionIntelligence, and Cognition

How do minds work?How do minds work?

What would an answer to this question What would an answer to this question look like?look like? What is a mind?What is a mind? What is intelligence?What is intelligence? How do brains work? How do brains work?

NeuronsNeurons

Brain structureBrain structure What’s the difference between the brain and What’s the difference between the brain and

the mind?the mind?

CognitionCognitionCognition – from Latin base cognitio – Cognition – from Latin base cognitio – “know together”“know together”

The collection of mental processes and The collection of mental processes and activities used in perceiving, learning, activities used in perceiving, learning, remembering, thinkingremembering, thinking, , and understandingand understanding and the act of using those processesand the act of using those processes

Ways of thinking about learningWays of thinking about learning

Who learns?Who learns? brain vs. genomebrain vs. genome individual vs. groupindividual vs. group

What is learned?What is learned? facts vs. skills vs. rules vs. ..facts vs. skills vs. rules vs. ..   information vs. physiologyinformation vs. physiology

Where does knowledge come from?Where does knowledge come from? experience vs. reason vs. analogy vs. chanceexperience vs. reason vs. analogy vs. chance

How does learning work?How does learning work?

Cognitive Processes Cognitive Processes

Learning and MemoryLearning and MemoryThinking and Reasoning (Planning, Decision Thinking and Reasoning (Planning, Decision Making, Problem Solving ...)Making, Problem Solving ...)Analogy and metaphorAnalogy and metaphorLanguageLanguageVision-PerceptionVision-PerceptionSocial CognitionSocial CognitionEmotionsEmotionsDreaming and Consciousness Dreaming and Consciousness

So So What IS Cognitive Science?What IS Cognitive Science?Some possible definitions:Some possible definitions:

““The interdisciplinary study of mind and intelligenceThe interdisciplinary study of mind and intelligence”” ““Study of cognitive processes involved in the acquisition, Study of cognitive processes involved in the acquisition,

representation and use of human knowledgerepresentation and use of human knowledge”” ““Scientific study of the mind, the brain, and intelligent behaviour, Scientific study of the mind, the brain, and intelligent behaviour,

whether in humans, animals, machines or the abstractwhether in humans, animals, machines or the abstract””

The goal of Cog. Sci. (according to some)The goal of Cog. Sci. (according to some) develop a theory of intelligent Systems?develop a theory of intelligent Systems?

The goal of artificial intelligenceThe goal of artificial intelligence??