the mass media and the political agenda chapter 7 edwards, wattenberg, and lineberry government in...

The Mass Media The Mass Media and theand thePolitical Political AgendaAgenda

Chapter 7Chapter 7

Edwards, Wattenberg, and LineberryEdwards, Wattenberg, and Lineberry

Government in America: People, Politics, and PolicyGovernment in America: People, Politics, and Policy

Fourteenth EditionFourteenth Edition

CH 19- THE MASS MEDIACH 19- THE MASS MEDIA

1st Amendment (Freedom of the 1st Amendment (Freedom of the Press) Press) No No prior restraintprior restraint

National securityNational security exceptions exceptionsPentagon PapersPentagon Papers (1971) (1971)

No laws against criticizing government No laws against criticizing government officialsofficials

Shield lawsShield laws in some states (36 in some states (36 states,Ohio= Yes)states,Ohio= Yes)

Remy Summary-B

IntroductionIntroductionMass MediaMass Media::

Television, radio, newspapers, Television, radio, newspapers, magazines, the Internet and other magazines, the Internet and other means of popular communicationmeans of popular communication

PoliticsPolitics increasingly hi-technology increasingly hi-technology

THE MEDIA DOES INFLUENCE THE MEDIA DOES INFLUENCE THE POLICY AGENDATHE POLICY AGENDA

ROLES OF THE PRESSROLES OF THE PRESS

*GATEKEEPER*GATEKEEPER

DECIDING WHAT IS NEWSDECIDING WHAT IS NEWS

*SCOREKEEPER*SCOREKEEPER

DECIDING WHO IS “WINNING”DECIDING WHO IS “WINNING”

*WATCHDOG*WATCHDOG

EXPOSING “SCANDLES”EXPOSING “SCANDLES”

GOV’T CONTROL OVER RADIO AND TV BY GOV’T CONTROL OVER RADIO AND TV BY THE F.C.C.THE F.C.C.LICENSINGLICENSINGDECENCY STANDARDSDECENCY STANDARDS

GOV’T INFLUENCE ON THE NEWSGOV’T INFLUENCE ON THE NEWSLEAKSLEAKS

(TRIAL BALLOONS, PERSONAL ATTACKS)(TRIAL BALLOONS, PERSONAL ATTACKS)

BACKGROUND STORIESBACKGROUND STORIES(INSIDER INFORMATION)(INSIDER INFORMATION)

PUNITIVE MEASURESPUNITIVE MEASURES

Additional Info - THE MASS MEDIAAdditional Info - THE MASS MEDIA

NewspapersNewspapers98 % 1 paper cities - 78 % of circulation by 98 % 1 paper cities - 78 % of circulation by chainschains

National weekly magazines National weekly magazines (Time,USN, (Time,USN, Newsweek)Newsweek)

Can set national agendaCan set national agenda

Wire servicesWire services (AP, UPI) employ reporters (AP, UPI) employ reporters worldwideworldwide

Used by more newspapers today (cut Used by more newspapers today (cut costs)costs)

Electronic Media Electronic Media (Radio, TV, Cable, Internet)(Radio, TV, Cable, Internet)

News Generation GapNews Generation Gap

Back

WHO READ THE NEWSPAPER YESTERDAY ?WHO READ THE NEWSPAPER YESTERDAY ?

WHO READ THE NEWSPAPER YESTERDAY?WHO READ THE NEWSPAPER YESTERDAY?

WHICH NEWSPAPERS ARE WHICH NEWSPAPERS ARE READ EACH DAYREAD EACH DAY

WHO READ THE NEWSPAPER YESTERDAY?WHO READ THE NEWSPAPER YESTERDAY?

Where Americans Get NewsWhere Americans Get News

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Politicians and Mass MediaPoliticians and Mass Media

Effective communication through media is key Effective communication through media is key to political success.to political success.

Media EventsMedia Events

Image MakingImage Making

News ManagementNews Management

Presidential Press ConferencesPresidential Press Conferences

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Sources of Campaign NewsSources of Campaign News

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Private Control of the MediaPrivate Control of the Media

Most media privately ownedMost media privately ownedDependent on advertising Dependent on advertising

revenues.revenues.

ChainsChains: : Account for over four-fifths of the Account for over four-fifths of the

nation’s daily newspaper circulationnation’s daily newspaper circulation

Control multiple broadcast outletsControl multiple broadcast outlets

Disney ownsDisney owns Disney Media NetworksDisney Media Networks[edit] Disney–ABC Television Group[edit] ABC, Inc. DBA Disney–ABC Television GroupABC, Inc. DBA Disney–ABC Television Group[12]

Disney/ABC Television Group Digital Media Walt Disney Television Disney–ABC Domestic Television - formerly Buena Vista Television Disney–ABC International Television - formerly Buena Vista International Television ABC Television Network ABC News

Fusion (TV channel), joint venture news cable channel ABC Enterprises, Inc. Hulu (32%) A+E Networks[edit] joint venture with joint venture with Hearst Corporation; 50% equity holding; 50% equity holding A&E History H2 Fyi Military History Crime & Investigation Network A+E Networks International A+E Networks Consumer Products A+E Studios A&E IndieFilms A+E Films A+E Networks Digital Lifetime Entertainment Services

Lifetime Lifetime Movie Network Lifetime Real Women Lifetime Press Lifetime Digital

myLifetime.com LMN.tv Lifetime Games Roiworld.com, fashion games DressUpChallenge.com, a fashion site LifetimeMoms.com MothersClick.com

ABC Entertainment GroupABC Entertainment Group[edit] ABC Digital ABC Entertainment ABC Studios - formerly Touchstone Television & ABC Television Studios Times Square Studios (division) ABC Family Worldwide Inc.[edit] ABC Family ABC Spark - with Corus Entertainment ABC Family Digital BVS Entertainment

Saban Entertainment / Fox Kids, Ltd. library DePatie-Freleng Enterprises / Marvel Productions, Ltd. library

ABC Owned Television Stations Group Group[edit] WLS-7 Chicago, Illinois KFSN-30 Fresno, California KTRK-13 Houston, Texas KABC-7 Los Angeles, California WABC-7 New York City WPVI-6 Philadelphia, Pennsylvania WTVD-11 Raleigh-Durham KGO-7 San Francisco, California Live Well Network ABC National Television Sales

ABC Regional Sports and Entertainment Sales[13]

Disney Channels Worldwide[edit] Disney Channel Disney Cinemagic Disney Junior Disney XD Dlife Channel[14]

Hungama Radio Disney

Radio Disney Group ProductionProduction Disney Television Animation It's a Laugh Productions ESPN, Inc.[edit] (Disney 80%) (Disney 80%) [15]

ESPN ESPN2 ESPN on ABC - formerly ABC Sports ESPN Classic ESPNews ESPN Deportes ESPN Films ESPNU ESPN Classic ESPN Now ESPN Plus ESPN Original Entertainment ESPN Pay-Per-View ESPN Regional Television ESPN International (see for complete list of channels)

ESPN America TSN (20%)

ESPN Radio Mobile ESPN ESPN3 ESPN The Magazine ESPN Books (an imprint of Disney's Hyperion Books) ESPN Home Entertainment ESPN Outdoors

BASS ESPN Digital Center

Disney Media NetworksDisney Media Networks[edit] Disney–ABC Television Group[edit] ABC, Inc. DBA Disney–ABC Television GroupABC, Inc. DBA Disney–ABC Television Group[12]

Disney/ABC Television Group Digital Media Walt Disney Television Disney–ABC Domestic Television - formerly Buena Vista Television A+E Networks[edit] Disney–ABC International Television - formerly Buena Vista International Television ABC Television Network ABC News

Fusion (TV channel), joint venture news cable channel ABC Enterprises, Inc. Hulu (32%) joint venture with joint venture with Hearst Corporation; 50% equity holding; 50% equity holding A&E History H2 Fyi Military History Crime & Investigation Network A+E Networks International A+E Networks Consumer Products A+E Studios A&E IndieFilms A+E Films A+E Networks Digital Lifetime Entertainment Services

Lifetime Lifetime Movie Network Lifetime Real Women Lifetime Press Lifetime Digital

myLifetime.com LMN.tv Lifetime Games Roiworld.com, fashion games DressUpChallenge.com, a fashion site LifetimeMoms.com MothersClick.com












Lifetime Digital myLifetime.com LMN.tv Lifetime Games Roiworld.com, fashion games DressUpChallenge.com, a fashion site LifetimeMoms.com MothersClick.com




ABC Regional Sports and Entertainment Sales [13]





ESPN AmericaTSN (20%)



Disney Junior Disney XD Dlife Channel[14]







ESPN Films ESPNU ESPN Classic ESPN Now ESPN Plus ESPN Original Entertainment ESPN Pay-Per-View ESPN Regional Television ESPN International (see for complete list of channels)




Reporting the NewsReporting the NewsBeatsBeats: :

specific locations from which news specific locations from which news frequently emanates.frequently emanates.

Trial BalloonsTrial Balloons: :

an intentional news leak for the purpose of an intentional news leak for the purpose of assessing the political reactionassessing the political reaction

Reporters and their sources…Reporters and their sources…

depend on each other.depend on each other.

Sound BitesSound Bites

Short video Short video clips of clips of approximatelapproximatelyy10 seconds10 seconds

Presenting the NewsPresenting the News

SuperficialSuperficial describes most news describes most news coverage today.coverage today.

Major TV networks devote less Major TV networks devote less time to covering political time to covering political candidatescandidates

Major TV networks devote less time to covering political Major TV networks devote less time to covering political candidatescandidates

Bias in the NewsBias in the News

Many people believe the news is Many people believe the news is biased in favor of one point of view.biased in favor of one point of view.

Reporters tend to be more liberalReporters tend to be more liberal

Editors tend to be more conservativeEditors tend to be more conservative

News reporting is biased towards what News reporting is biased towards what will draw the largest audiencewill draw the largest audience

Partisan BiasPartisan Bias

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Media BiasMedia Bias

Media bias unavoidable--journalists are human.Media bias unavoidable--journalists are human.

Media generally thought to be liberal.Media generally thought to be liberal.

Recent growth of conservative news sources.Recent growth of conservative news sources.

Looking at good stories over issues.Looking at good stories over issues.

Confidence in the MediaConfidence in the Media

General confidence is on a downturn.General confidence is on a downturn.

Republicans are more critical than Democrats.Republicans are more critical than Democrats.

Democrats and Republicans use different sources.Democrats and Republicans use different sources.

People watch news that supports their opinion.People watch news that supports their opinion.

Selective viewingSelective viewing

Ideological fragmentationIdeological fragmentation

The News and Public The News and Public OpinionOpinionTelevision news Television news

Agenda-settingAgenda-setting effect effect

Provides Provides criteriacriteria

Which the public evaluates political leaders.Which the public evaluates political leaders.

Provides Provides coveragecoverage

Can make events more or less importantCan make events more or less important

The Media and the Scope of GovernmentThe Media and the Scope of Government

Media as Media as watchdogwatchdog restricts politicians restricts politicians

Government met with Government met with skepticismskepticism which which restricts scope of governmentrestricts scope of government

If media If media identifiesidentifies a problem, it forces a problem, it forces government to address it, which government to address it, which expands the scope of governmentexpands the scope of government

LOADED WORDSREPETITION

SummarySummary Media shape Media shape public opinionpublic opinion on political on political

issues and influence issues and influence policy agendapolicy agenda..

Broadcast mediaBroadcast media have replaced have replaced print mediaprint media over time.over time.

Narrowcasting and the Internet are further Narrowcasting and the Internet are further shifting media.shifting media.

Seeking profits, media are biased in favor of Seeking profits, media are biased in favor of stories with high drama.stories with high drama.

ERAS OF THE AMERICAN PRESSERAS OF THE AMERICAN PRESS

PARTY PRESSPARTY PRESSPARTIES STARTED & SUPPORTED PARTIES STARTED & SUPPORTED NEWSPAPERSNEWSPAPERS

POPULAR PRESSPOPULAR PRESSMASS CIRCULATIONMASS CIRCULATION

““YELLOW JOURNALISM”, YELLOW JOURNALISM”, “MUCKRAKERS”“MUCKRAKERS”

MAGAZINES OF OPINIONMAGAZINES OF OPINIONMIDDLE CLASS PROGRESSIVE MOVEMENTMIDDLE CLASS PROGRESSIVE MOVEMENT

ELECTRONIC JOURNALISMELECTRONIC JOURNALISMRAPID NEWS REPORTINGRAPID NEWS REPORTINGCHANGED THE WAY WE VIEWED POLITICIANSCHANGED THE WAY WE VIEWED POLITICIANS

NON-Edwardian Info

POPULARPOPULARPRESSPRESS

“YELLOW“YELLOWJOURNALISM”JOURNALISM”

TABLOID TABLOID NEWSNEWS

SENSATIONALISMSENSATIONALISM

THE MEDIATHE MEDIA

IMPORTANT TERMSIMPORTANT TERMSASSOCIATED PRESSASSOCIATED PRESSATTACK JOURNALISMATTACK JOURNALISMCANNED NEWSCANNED NEWSCOMMUNITY NEEDSCOMMUNITY NEEDSEQUAL-TIME RULEEQUAL-TIME RULEFAIRNESS DOCTRINEFAIRNESS DOCTRINEFEATURE STORIESFEATURE STORIESFEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (FCC)FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (FCC)INSIDER STORIESINSIDER STORIESLOADED LANGUAGELOADED LANGUAGEMARKET (TELEVISION)MARKET (TELEVISION)MUCKRAKERMUCKRAKER

LOADED LANGUAGELOADED LANGUAGEMARKET (TELEVISION)MARKET (TELEVISION)MUCKRAKERMUCKRAKEROFF THE RECORDOFF THE RECORDON BACKGROUNDON BACKGROUNDRECKLESS DISREGARDRECKLESS DISREGARDRIGHT-OF-REPLY RULERIGHT-OF-REPLY RULESELECTIVE ATTENTIONSELECTIVE ATTENTIONSOUND BITESOUND BITETRAIL BALLOONTRAIL BALLOON““YELLOW JOURNALISM”YELLOW JOURNALISM”

THE MEDIA THE MEDIA IMPORTANT TERMSIMPORTANT TERMS

THE MEDIATHE MEDIA

QUESTIONSQUESTIONS1-DOES THE DESIRE OF AMERICAN NEWSPAPERS TO 1-DOES THE DESIRE OF AMERICAN NEWSPAPERS TO

BE “OBJECTIVE” MAKE AMERICANS LESS BE “OBJECTIVE” MAKE AMERICANS LESS INFORMED? SHOULD THE UNITED STATES HAVE INFORMED? SHOULD THE UNITED STATES HAVE THE PARTY PRESS LIKE MANY EUROPEAN NATIONS?THE PARTY PRESS LIKE MANY EUROPEAN NATIONS?

2-DOES A POPULAR PRESS PANDER TO THE LOWEST 2-DOES A POPULAR PRESS PANDER TO THE LOWEST COMMON DENOMINATOR OF INTEREST AND TASTE?COMMON DENOMINATOR OF INTEREST AND TASTE?

3-EXPLAIN HOW LOCALISM & DECENTRALIZED 3-EXPLAIN HOW LOCALISM & DECENTRALIZED QUALITIES OF THE AMERICAN NEWS MEDIA QUALITIES OF THE AMERICAN NEWS MEDIA CONTRIBUTE TO THE PROMOTION OF DEMOCRACY?CONTRIBUTE TO THE PROMOTION OF DEMOCRACY?

4-IF MOST REPORTERS HOLD LIBERAL VIEWS WHY 4-IF MOST REPORTERS HOLD LIBERAL VIEWS WHY HASN’T AMERICAN SOCIETY BECOME MORE HASN’T AMERICAN SOCIETY BECOME MORE LIBERAL OVER THE YEARS?LIBERAL OVER THE YEARS?

5-DEFINE THE WATCHDOG ROLE OF 5-DEFINE THE WATCHDOG ROLE OF THE PRESS. IS IT GOOD OR BAD FOR THE PRESS. IS IT GOOD OR BAD FOR DEMOCRACY?DEMOCRACY?

6-WHAT SORT OF ISSUES WOULD YOU 6-WHAT SORT OF ISSUES WOULD YOU EXPECT THE MEDIA TO HAVE THE EXPECT THE MEDIA TO HAVE THE MOST IMPACT?MOST IMPACT?

7- WHAT LIMITS SHOULD THERE BE ON 7- WHAT LIMITS SHOULD THERE BE ON FREEDOM OF THE PRESS?FREEDOM OF THE PRESS?

AP - THE MEDIAAP - THE MEDIAQUESTIONSQUESTIONS

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