the loyal friend of climbers
TRANSCRIPT
THE LO
YAL FRIEND
OF CLIM
BERS
CAN YOU MA K E A
GU E S S ?
IT IS A FA
BULOUS P
AIR OF
MOUNTAINEERING BOOTS
Hi, I am mountaineering boots. People invented me because:• The momentary
impulse of Alfred Wills• The high mortality of
climbers during mountaineering
• The uncomfortable feeling of wearing normal shoes during mountaineering
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGESAdvantages
Antiskid
Foot Protection
Breathability
Durability
Waterproof
THE HISTORY OF MOUNTAINEERING BOOTS
• First appearance at the beginning of 20th Century
• With tough nails equipped at the early years• Efficient to be used on walking on the ice with
nails• With vulcanized rubber sole added after a
mountaineering accident in 1936• With stiffness created by full steel shank and
carbon fibre by different manufacturers
The development of soles
FRICTION AND MOUNTAINEERING BOOTSFriction and soles of mountaineering boots
• The lines on the sole (wave) Use relationship of roughness and friction Use relationship of kinetic friction and static friction• The hardness of the sole Makes the lines on the sole are not easy to be worn Makes the friction of the sole is not easy to be reduced
PRINCIPLE OF FRICTION• Frictions origin from the rough surface of
normal objects• The virtual contact area is much smaller
than the visual contact area (the area of surface)
• When relative slip happens, the top of protuberances are cut down because of the applied force
• The shearing force can be defined as friction
FRICTION AND MOUNTAINEERING BOOTSFriction and soles of mountaineering boots
• Contact area - points• Perpendicular force (normal force)
causes pressure• Pressure enhances the area of
contact• The contact area after the applying
force with the hardness of the surface (direct correlation)
THE HISTORY OF MOUNTAINEERING BOOTS
CowhideSoaked in oil
The development of Water Proof
Water Resistant Paint
WaterProofMembrane
THE PHYSICAL PRINCIPLES OF WATER RESISTANT PAINT
• Contact to the moistures in the air
• Create compact surface for the item be printed
• Result in the space between molecules smaller than the volume of the molecule of water
THE PHYSICAL PRINCIPLES OF GORE- TEX
• Form a two-layer system with the layers are made by nylon and polyester respectively
• With microscopic pores that are 700 times larger than a water vapour molecule
• With pores that are 20000 times smaller than a water droplet
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGESDisadvantages
Heavy WeightHave a low amount of friction on
smooth surface
Not comfortable because of the
hardness
DISADVANTAGE OF MOUNTAINEERING BOOTS
Low Friction on Smooth Surface – Principle of Friction
• The number of points (n) α contact area (A)• The contact area on each point (s) α
perpendicular force (normal force) (F)• For a same surface n*s α Fg• Friction between an object and a rough
surface < friction between an object and a smooth surface
• The relationship between n*s and Ff
FAMOUS MANUFACTURERS
• Columbia • Jack Wolfskin• The North Face• Lowa• Camel• Generally, mountaineering boots
are cost around CAD250 per pair in Canada
FUTURE DEVELOPMENT• Make it lighter by using new materials with
low density and high hardness• Create more friction between soles and
smooth surfaces by using nano technology – • Make the sole particle fill in the space
between the particles of the ground• Fill a layer of air between two nylon layers of
gore- tex materials with high pressure
FUTURE DEVELOPMENT
Now, you may get much more close
and familiar to me. I hope I can be your friend and become your companion on
the way of conquering highest and steepest peaks
in the world!
THANK YOUBy Super SteveConstantine. I.