the legacy of marco polo through columbus spanish settlements
TRANSCRIPT
T H E L E G A C Y O F M A R C O P O L O T H R O U G H C O L U M B U S
SPANISH SETTLEMENTS
MARCO POLO’S LEGACY
POLO’S EXPLORATION IN THE 13TH CENTURY
MARCO POLO’S LEGACY
• During the Renaissance:• Books and reading spread rapidly after Western Europe
was introduced to the Printing Press in 1440
As a result of more books and more reading, Polo’s book on his adventures in China was widely read and inspired a new generation of explorers
MARCO POLO’S LEGACY
• Governments wanted to find safer and faster trading routes to and from China
• Why?
MARCO POLO’S LEGACY
MARCO POLO’S LEGACY
• Most explorers tried to go south around the African peninsula
• One man traveled West for the route• Columbus was heavily inspired by Polo’s writing
CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS
• Columbus, an Italian, was able to convince Spanish King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella to sponsor the voyage
• Why would the Spanish government want to sponsor an Italian’s exploration?
CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS
• Aug 1492-• Columbus set sail
After more than a month at sea, they finally spotted land!
The crew landed at San Salvador Island in the Caribbean Islands
CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS
• In total, Columbus made four trips to and from Spain
• Every time, he discovered more land and would claim it for Spain
• When he died, Columbus believed that he discovered the west Indies
THE COLUMBIAN EXCHANGE
• The Columbian Exchange- The exchange of plants, animals, diseases, and people across the Atlantic Ocean between Europe and the Americas
THE COLUMBIAN EXCHANGE
• Europeans Brought:• Wheat • Rice• Domesticated animals (horses, cows, pigs, sheep)• Diseases (by accident)
• Europeans Took Back:• Corn • Potatoes• Squash
This greatly benefited the European diet
THE COLUMBIAN EXCHANGE
The Europeans used Native Americans for work.• How and why?
As the native population decreased (diseases wiped out about 90% of native populations), Europeans began to bring African slaves for cheap labor
THE COLUMBIAN EXCHANGE
• Over the next 300 years, millions of Africans would be carried across the Atlantic and sold into slavery• African Lords would sell their people • Europeans would conquer a land and people, and sell the
people
Journey lasted from weeks to months on a crowded, disease ridden, smelly boat and many died along the way
CORTEZ
• Conquistadors- Spanish soldier-explorers. Mainly relates to those who conquered the native peoples of Mexico and Peru
• Their mission?
CORTEZ
• Hernan Cortez (Cortes`)• Arrived in Mexico in 1519 with
500 soldiers
• Aztec capital- Tenochtitlan• Some soldiers believed they were
dreaming at seeing the beauty of the city
CORTEZ
• Put yourself in the Aztec’s position.• You see an army of people like you have never seen
before with shiny clothes.
• What do you do?
CORTEZ
• Some mistook Cortez for an Aztec god and welcomed him as a hero
CORTEZ
• With help from the spread of smallpox and a number of Indians who hated their ruler, Cortez conquered the capital city
• The Spaniards ripped down the city and used it’s old stones to build Mexico City• Became the capital city of a new Spanish empire called
New Spain
PIZARRO
• Francisco Pizarro- 1532• Led attack on powerful Inca Empire (present day Peru)• Smallpox killed thousands before soldiers arrived
• Pizarro captures Incan ruler, holds him for ransom. The Incas pay with three FULL rooms of gold and silver.
• Pizarro kills the ruler, takes the money, and takes the Empire
• This led to the eventual conquering of the rest of the Incan Empire
THE SPANISH BORDERLANDS
• After discovering gold and silver in Mexico and Peru, the Spanish pushed north into what is now the southwest United States
• After learning about Native Indian culture, resources, and regions last week, what do you think the Spaniards found?
FLORIDA
• Juan Ponce de Leon• Sailed with Columbus and made
fortune by discovering gold in Puerto Rico
• Fascinated by the “Fountain of Youth” myth
• Landed in Florida in 1513 to search for the Fountain
FLORIDA
• Ponce de Leon returned in 1521 with 200 men to establish a Spanish colony• Colony- a new settlement or territory established and
governed by a country in another land
• Instead of finding the Fountain, Ponce de Leon found a poison arrow in his gut
THE SEVEN CITIES OF CIBOLA
• Seven Cities of Cipola- so rich that street and houses were decorated with gold and jewels
• Spanish became convinced the cities were somewhere in North America- • Led to the exploration of what is now the American
Southwest• Search began in Florida, then Texas
THE SEVEN CITIES OF CIBOLA
• The Coronado Expedition – 1540• Led by Francisco Vasquez and de Coronado • A famous conquistador
• Traveled more than 7,000 miles north of Mexico City
THE CORONADO EXPEDITION
THE CORONADO EXPEDITION
• Found pueblos• A village of apartment-like buildings made of stone and
adobe rising four-five stories high
• Continued north through the Great Plains before heading back to Mexico City
• They found NOTHING
SETTLING THE BORDERLANDS
• By 1600, the Spanish borderlands extended from Florida across present day Texas, New Mexico, Arizona and California
• Rival European nations began to show interest in the lands, conquistadors would go to protect the land
• Presidios- walled forts the Spanish soldiers lived in to protect Spanish claims
• https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/40/Non-Native-American-Nations-Territorial-Claims-over-NAFTA-countries-1750-2008.gif
SETTLING THE BORDERLANDS
• Catholic Missionaries• Missionaries- people who travel to a territory or community
in order to make converts to their religion• Built settlements where they taught natives new skills and
preached Christian faith
• Catholic priests order the whipping of native religious leaders who continued to practice their own faith
• Lead to an uprising/revolt that would drive the Spanish out• They would later return
NEW FRANCE
• As Spain sent ship loads of gold back to Europe:• Spain seemed to grow wealthier and more powerful• Other European nations became jealous
• No other nation could challenge Spain’s claims in America so they began to search for new lands to settle
NEW FRANCE
• Jacques Cartier- 1534• Frenchmen who explored the Atlantic coast of North
America • Wanted to find am all-water passage through North
America to the Pacific Ocean
• Is there such a passage?
NEW FRANCE
• Jacques Cartier• Never found passage, but did
claim land for France (what is now Canada
• Did discover beaver fur (made hats for Europeans)
NEW FRANCE
• Samuel de Champlain – 1608 • Founded first Canadian settlement, a trading post called
Quebec • Would be a base for the French for the next 150 years
• Coureurs de bois- French fur trappers who learned many skills from the American Indians with whom they worked and lived
NEW FRANCE
• Harsh climate of New France failed to attract a large number of settlers • Much like the Spanish borderlands • The best farming land would be given to French nobility
who then rented out to farmers • Farmers who rented would eventually leave to find their own
land so they did not have to pay rent
NEW FRANCE
• The French focused more on fur trade than farming • Harsh climate • Did not try to conquer the Indians or put them to work
• The French and Indians became business partners • Fur traders married into the Huron Tribe • Learned how to survive in the wilderness for months
NEW FRANCE
• Claiming Louisiana – 1673• Father Marquette and Louis Joliet explored down the
Mississippi River• Followed the river to the Gulf of Mexico hoping it would
lead to the Pacific Ocean
• 1682- Robert de La Salle Claimed West of the Mississippi River for France- Louisiana
JAMESTOWN- THE FIRST ENGLISH COLONY
• John Cabot- Sought his own route to Asia• Set sail in 1497 and landed in Newfoundland (off the
coast of Canada• Mistakenly believed he landed in Asia
THE LOST COLONY OF ROANOKE
• Sir Walter Raleigh wanted to start a colony off the coast of North Carolina