the laurier years - alexei

7/21/2019 The Laurier Years - Alexei

1/64

Lauriers CanadaLauriers Canada

1896 -19111896 -1911


2/64

The End of ConservativePower


3/64

The End of Conservative

Power

Macdonalds health failed soonafter the election of 1891 and hewas followed by four weaksuccessors.

Abbot,Thompson, BowellandTuppereach briey held o!ce.

The "iberals under theleadership of #ilfred "auriertook power in 189$.
http://cnet.unb.ca/achn/pme/jjcacb.htmhttp://cnet.unb.ca/achn/pme/jsdtcb.htmhttp://cnet.unb.ca/achn/pme/mbcb.htmhttp://cnet.unb.ca/achn/pme/ctcb.htmhttp://cnet.unb.ca/achn/pme/wlcb.htmhttp://cnet.unb.ca/achn/pme/wlcb.htmhttp://cnet.unb.ca/achn/pme/ctcb.htmhttp://cnet.unb.ca/achn/pme/mbcb.htmhttp://cnet.unb.ca/achn/pme/jsdtcb.htmhttp://cnet.unb.ca/achn/pme/jjcacb.htm


4/64

The Election of Wilfred

Laurier 1896

"aurier was %rench &anadian and 'oman&atholic.

The problems he faced were the same as

Macdonalds andhis policies were not dissimilar.

"aurier saw himself as a &anadian andbecause of this he was torn between thenationalism of (uebec and the )mperial

loyalty of *ntario.
http://timelinks.merlin.mb.ca/reference/db0077.htmhttp://timelinks.merlin.mb.ca/reference/db0077.htm


5/64

Immigration


6/64

Immigration

&li+ord ifton"auriers Minister ofthe )nterior was the dri-in force

behind a search for new &anadians.%armers willin to endure the di!cult

conditions found on the &anadian

prairies were souht in
http://timelinks.merlin.mb.ca/referenc/db0053.htmhttp://timelinks.merlin.mb.ca/referenc/db0053.htm


7/64

The Last est West!

Each new settler to Canada

was offered sixty-five

hectares of free land.


8/64

Immigrants from the

"nited #tates 189$%19&'

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189$ 1898 1899 19&& 19&1 19&) 19&* 19&+ 19&'


9/64

Immigration

A powerful campain ad-ertised free landin /the last, best west.0

iftons -ision of a uality immirant was/a stalwart peasant in a sheepskin coat 20

)mmirants ooded into &anada fromBritain, 3ermany, candina-ia, TheBalkans, the 4kraine, 'ussia and the 4A.

Between 189$ and 1911 two millionimmirants entered &anada.


10/64

Immigrants from ritain

189$ % 19&'

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189$ 1898 1899 19&& 19&1 19&) 19&* 19&+ 19&'


11/64

,esistance to Immigration

5on67nlish speakin immirants werereeted with hostility and suspicion.

%rench speakin &anadians feared fortheir lanuae and culture.

)n 191 restrictions were introducedaainst ews, Asians, outhern 7uropeans

and Black Americans. )n B.&. the Asiatic 7:clusion "eauesparked uly riots.
http://www2.actden.com/Writ_Den/h06/Level3/page1.htmhttp://www2.actden.com/Writ_Den/h06/Level3/page1.htm


12/64

The -omagata .aru

*n May ;omaata Maruanchored in Burrard )nlet.

The ships passeners, consistin of


13/64

The -omagata .aru

/&ontinuous passae0 reuired that immirantsmust come directly to &anada without stoppin

in any other country.


14/64

The Economy


15/64

)n spite of bein free traders the "iberalsleft hih tari+ policies larely intact.

They encouraed preferential tari+areements with countries like Britain.

They ustied tari+s by stressin theneed to raise re-enue.

Tariffs


16/64

Wheat

5ew strains of wheat such asMaruis and 'ed %ifematured rapidly andwheat became &anadas larest e:port.

)mpro-ed farm machinery reduced labourcosts.

3rain ele-ators were built to store the

wheat. hips and railways were constructed to

mo-e the wheat to market.
http://timelinks.merlin.mb.ca/referenc/db0069.htmhttp://timelinks.merlin.mb.ca/referenc/db0069.htm


17/64

,ailwa/s

The &anadian @acic 'ailway could notmo-e all of the wheat produced on&anadas prairies.

The 3rand Trunk 'ailway&ompanyproposed a second transcontinental line in19;.

A third line was started by the &anadian5orthern 'ailway &ompany.

Time was to pro-e that threetranscontinental lines were too many.
http://www.cn.ca/cnwebsite/cnwebsite.nsf/Public/en_AboutWestwardexpansion19001915http://www.cn.ca/cnwebsite/cnwebsite.nsf/Public/en_AboutWestwardexpansion19001915


18/64

0old

3old was disco-eredin the Cukon in 189$resultin in

a ood of prospectorsinto the reion

there was aninfusion of capitalinto the &anadian

economy.


19/64

The Econom/ of the

.aritimes

The traditional economy wasshipbuildin, sh and lumber.

The de-elopment of coal and otherminerals was dri-en by industriale:pansion in central &anada.

The &ape Breton steel industryde-eloped in response to industrialdemands in *ntario and (uebec.


20/64

,ecirocit/

'eciprocityis a trade areementbetween two countries which allows areduction in tari+s.

&anada had traditionally carried on ane:tensi-e trade with the 4nited tates.

&anadian manufacturin industry wasalways more -ulnerable to Americancompetition than the resource industries.


21/64

,ecirocit/ II

)n 191 farmers demanded a policy of freetrade with the 4nited tates.

"aurier responded to these complaints byestablishin a reciprocity areement withthe Americans.

&anadian raw materials were allowed intothe 4 free of tari+s.

Ta:es on many American items comininto &anada were sinicantly reduced.


22/64

,ecirocit/ III

&anadian businessmen were -eryfrihtened of this policy.

The railway companies were nothappy with the prospect of a north6south trade pattern.

&anadian nationalists were concerned

about the ow of &anadian resourcessouth of the border.


23/64

2o truc3 or trade with the

4an3ees!

American supporters of/manifest destiny0 fannedthe ames of &anadian

opposition to reciprocity.The &onser-ati-es led by

'obert Borden warned&anadians that reciprocity

miht lead to politicaltakeo-er.

Borden won the election of1911 and the idea of freetrade came to an end.


24/64

"r5an 0rowth

obs and technoloical de-elopmentattracted youn &anadians to e:pandincities.

&ities like Montreal, Toronto, #innipe andDancou-er rew rapidly durin the "aurierera.

By 19; &anada was no loner a ruralcountry and nearly half of the populationli-ed in cities.


25/64

Canadian Poulation

0rowth 1891 % 1911

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1891 19&1 1911


26/64

Proserous "r5an

usiness 191&

The movement of the Canadian population into towns and cities

resulted in the establishment of many small businesses.


27/64

Life in Lauriers Canada


28/64

Entertainment

The stae was -ery popular and a reatmany stock companies reularly toured5orth America.

Actors and, particularly, actresses wereconsidered immoral but this did notdiscourae attendance.

%our churches 6 &atholic, Methodist,@resbyterian and Anlican e:ercised astron control o-er the culture of &anada.


29/64

Literature

The best sellin no-el of the era wasThe Man From Glengarryby 'alph&onnor.

7rnest Thompson eton had establishedan oriinal &anadian literary enre withhis realistic stories about animals.

)n 191 tephen "eacock publishedLiterary Lapsesa book of humorousshort stories.

Ernest Thompson Seton


30/64

Eatons Catalogue


31/64

7uthors

Three of the literary ures of "auriersera ha-e stood the test of time.

5ot all of their books are still read but

most &anadians will reconiEe either acharacter or a story from the -aststorehouse of their writins.

They are, 'obert #. er-ice, "ucy Maud

Montomery and tephen "eacock.


32/64

,o5ert W #ervice

18$+ % 19'8

'obert #. er-ice followedthe old rush to the Cukon in19=.

Fere he wrote -olumes of-erse and establishedhimself as the -oice of the>londike.

Songs of a SourdoughandThe Spell of the Yukonmadehim a literary hero in hisown lifetime.


33/64

The Cremation of #am .c0ee

5/ ,o5ert W #ervice

/Ganerous Gan Mc3rew0 and /amMc3ee0 remain familiar characters

to many &anadians.There are strange things done in the midnight sun

By the men who moil for gold;

The arctic trails have their secret tales

That would make your blood run cold; The Northern Lights have seen queer sights,

But the queerest they ever did see

Was that night on the marge of Lake Lebarge

I cremated am !c"ee#


34/64

Luc/ .aud .ontgomer/

18$+ % 19+) "ucy Maude Montomerywrote o-er ; no-els but hermost famous book waspublished in 198.

Anne of Green Gablesis stillone of &anadas best knownliterary heroines.

Thousands ock annuallyfrom around the world to-isit her imainary home in@rince 7dward )sland.


35/64

#tehen Leacoc3

186& % 19++

"eacock was born in 7nland andimmirated with his family to &anada in

18$9.

Fe was trained as an economist and spenthis career in the 7conomics Gepartment of

Mc3ill 4ni-ersity.Fis most protable book was a te:t called

TheElements of Political Sciencebut he isbest remembered for his humorous stories.


36/64

Literar/ La1ses 5/

#tehen Leacoc3

#hen ) o into a bank ) et rattled.The clerks rattle meH the wickets

rattle meH the siht of money rattlesmeH e-erythin rattles me.

The moment ) cross the threshhold ofa bank and attempt to transact

business there, ) become anirresponsible idiot.

My Financial areer


37/64

Canadian 7rt

Artists such as

Fomer #atson,Foratio #alker and*Eias "educ paintedthe rural scenes of

(uebec and *ntario.


38/64

Canadian 7rt

ames #ilsonMorrice ainedpopularity outside of

&anada, particularlyin the 4nited tates.

Maurice &ullenintroduced the

impressionist styleto &anadianlandscape art.


39/64

omer Watson

18'' % 19*6

#atson was aninternationallyreconiEed landscape

painter oncedescribed as the&anadian/&onstable.0

Fis paintins weremostly scenes of hisnati-e southern*ntario.

Forest Landscape with Cattle Grazing


40/64

.aurice 0al5raith Cullen

1866 %19*+

&ullen was a landscape painter whocopied the style of the %renchimpressionist school.

Fis scenes of old Montreal and (uebecare reconiEed amon the best in all&anadian paintin.

@aintins by &ullen included MillStream! Moretand "ld #ousesMontreal$


41/64

:amil/ Entertainment

7ntertainment for many &anadiansfocused on the family and an e-eninathered around the piano. Technoloicalde-elopments such as the ramophoneand the radio were still in their infancy.


42/64

The Dar Side of Economic

!rowth

The ;ar3 #ide of Economic


43/64

The ;ar3 #ide of Economic

0rowth

"aurier boasted that /the twentiethcentury belons to &anada0 but not all&anadians shared in the prosperity.

4nsanitary slum areas blihted therowin cities.

)nfant mortality amon the poor was

hih.#orkin conditions and pay were often

poor, particularly, for new immirants.


44/64

#ocial ,eform

3o-ernment did not belie-e in takinaction to impro-e conditions for the poor.

@ri-ate charities and church oraniEationslike the CM&A and the #&T4 were the onlysource of help.

The /social ospel0 preached by men like

.. #oodsworth ured reforms to impro-ewaes, eliminate child labour as well as tocontrol alcohol and prostitution.


45/64

#ummar/

Gurin the early years of "iberalpower &anada was transformed from

a rural aricultural country to anindustrialiEed and urban nation.

@rosperity and immiration had,

howe-er, brouht po-erty and racialstrife.


46/64

The "lasa #oundary Dispute


47/64

Canadian 7utonom/ and

The 7las3a oundar/ ;isute

The >londike old rush of 189$ made thee:act location of the border between B.&.and Alaska a pressin issue.

This boundary and the ownership ofterritory alon the coast had been unclearsince the 4nited tates Alaska purchase,from 'ussia, in 18$?.

@ossession of the land at the head of deepinlets would ha-e allowed &anada accessto B.&. across the Alaska panhandle.


48/64

The 7las3a oundar/

;isute II

&anadians belie-ed that theboundary followed the summit of themountain ranes near the coast.

The Americans claimed a line whichfollowed the conuration of thecoast but included the heads of theinlets.

By mo-in troops to the reion theAmerican president, Teddy 'oose-elt,forced the issue to a resolution.


49/64

The 7las3a oundar/

;isute III

)n 19


50/64

The 7las3a oundar/

;isute I

the laurier years - alexei

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