the language situation in norway - and in your countries
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The language situation in Norway - and in your countries. Cultural journey Karianne Skovholt 13.09.2011. Overview. What are the language situation in Norway today? What are the historic background of two different norms of written language The minorities in Norway – past and present. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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The language situation in Norway- and in your countries
Cultural journeyKarianne Skovholt
13.09.2011
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Overview
1. What are the language situation in Norway today?
2. What are the historic background of two different norms of written language
3. The minorities in Norway – past and present
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Language and landscape
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The language situation in Norway• Many dialects• Three official languages: Norwegian, Sami, Kvensk (+ sign
language and Braille writing/blindeskrift)• Two official written norms
– nynorsk and bokmål• Sami (Lappish): administration language in the North• Kvensk: administration language in a few local municipalities
(kommuner)• Traditional minority languages in Norway:
– Sami, kvensk, romani (, romanes• New minority languages:
– Swedish, Panjabi/Urdu, English, Danish, Vietnamese, Serbian, Bosnian, Turkish, Arabic
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The language situation in NorwayÆ
ÆI
JeEg
E
Jei
Jæ
Æg
Jeg
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Listen to Norwegian dialects• Nordavinden og sola• Nordavinden og sola kjekla/kjeklet om kven/hvem av
dei/dem som var den sterkaste/sterkeste. Da kom det en mann gåande/gående med en varm frakk på seg. Dei vart samde/De blei enige om at han/den som først kunne få mannen til å ta av seg frakken skulle gjelde for sterkare/sterkere enn den andre. Så blåste nordavinden av all si makt, men dess meir/mer han blåste, dess tettare/tettere trakk mannen frakken rundt seg, og til sist gav nordavinden opp. Da skein/skinte sola fram så godt og varmt, og straks tok mannen av seg frakken. Og så måtte nordavinden innrømme at sola var den sterkaste/sterkeste av dei/dem.
• http://www.ling.hf.ntnu.no/nos/?list
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2. Finnmark
3. Borre
1. Sør-Trøndelag
16. Bergen
22.Stavanger
17.TelemarkFyresdal
NordavindenSola
vinjsola
Nolavin Nolavinj NoRda..Solen solå
Sol
mannen maanj manj man
Først R fyrst
Hvem av dem
Kæm a dæm
Kven av dei
Sterkeste av dem
Sterkast ta dæm
SteRkeste
sterkaste
Gående gåandes gangande
Varm frakkTa av frakken Ta tå frakken
Varme frakk Varme frakkfrakkjen
blåste blos
skinte skein sjinte skein
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Why two different norms of written language – bokmål and nynorsk? The historical background
• Viking age• The plague (The black death)• 1397: Union with Denmark (Kalmarunionen)• Danish influence– Guthenberg– Reformation of the church
• 1814: union with Sweeden
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The viking age
• King• Contact with Europe• Cultural influence• Written language and Latin alphabet (1000
AD)• Snorre Sturlason
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The plague (The black death)
• Priests died• Literacy disappeared• Economic depression• 1397: Kalmarunionen
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1397: Union with Denmark (Kalmarunionen)
• 1380: Håkon VI dies• Margrete queen of Denmark and Norway• 1397: Agreement between Sweden and
Denmark-Norway• 1523: Sweden left the union• Denmark sthrenghten position
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Danish influence
• All the important positions were held by Danes• 1462: Johan Gutenbergs printing press• Mass-distribution of books in Danish• Reformation of the church:– Latin abandoned in the services– Bible translated into Danish
• 1736: Confirmation: reading and writing skills• Danish became the written language in Norway
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1814: union with Sweeden
• 1814: The constitution at Eidsvoll • Dreams of freedom• Romantiscism• Nationalism
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Two strategies
1. Danish-Norwegian: Henrik Wergeland (1808-45), Knud Knudsen (1812-95), Peder Christian Asbjørnsen( 1813-82), Jørgen Moe (1812-85)
2. A new written languages based on dialects: Ivar Aasen (1813-96), P.A.Munch (1810-63)
Bokmål
Nynorsk