the johns hopkins comparative nonprofit sector project the aotearoa new zealand nonprofit sector in...

The Johns Hopkins Comparative Nonprofit Sector Project

The Aotearoa New The Aotearoa New Zealand Zealand

Nonprofit SectorNonprofit Sectorin Comparative in Comparative

PerspectivePerspective

Lester M. SalamonLester M. Salamon

New ZealandNew ZealandAugust 2008August 2008


Government Sector

For-Profit Sector

Civil Society Sector

The Global The Global

Associational RevolutionAssociational Revolution


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Approach:• C

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omparative


Project Countries

Venezuela Colombia

Brazil Chile

Mexico

Argentina

Slovakia

Hungary

Romania

Poland

Japan

United States

Australia

Israel

Ireland

TheNetherla

nds Austria

Spain

Germany

Finland

Belgium

France

Norway

Italy

United Kingdom

Russia

New Zealand

Canada

Denmark

Egypt

KenyaTanzaniaUgandaSout

h Africa

India

Pakistan

The Philippin

es

Korea

Thailand

Portugal Moroc

coGhana

Peru

Lebanon

Switzerland

Sweden

Czech Republic

Denmark


Approach :• C

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omparative

ollaborative


Collaborative• Argentina - Mario Roitter• Australia - Mark Lyons • Austria – Ulrike Schneider• Belgium - Jacques Defourny &

Sybille Mertens• Brazil - Leilah Landim & Neide

Beres• Canada – Michael Hall• Chile – Ignacio Irarrazaval• Colombia - Rodrigo Villar• Czech Republic - Martin Potucek

& Pavol Fric• Denmark – Ole Gregersen &

Thomas Boje• Egypt – Amani Kandil • Finland – Susan Sundback

• France - Edith Archambault• Germany - Annette Zimmer &

Eckhard Priller• Hungary - István Sebestény &

Renata Nagy• India – Rajesh Tandon & S.S.

Srivastava• Ireland - Freda Donoghue• Israel - Benjamin Gidron• Italy – Gian Paolo Barbetta• Japan - Naoto Yamauchi• Kenya – Karuti Kanyinga• Korea, Republic of - Tae-Kyu Park• Lebanon – Hashem el-Husseini• Mexico - Gustavo Verduzco &

CEMEFI


Collaborative• Morocco - Salama Saidi• The Netherlands - Paul Dekker &

Bob Kuhry• New Zealand - Massey University &

Statistics New Zealand• Norway - Hakon Lorentzen & Karl

Henrik Sivesind• Pakistan – Muhammad Asif Iqbal• Peru - Felipe Portocarrero &

Cynthia Sanborn• The Philippines - Ledivina Cariño• Poland - Ewa Les & Slawomir

Nalecz• Portugal – Raquel Campos Franco• Romania - Carmen Epure

• Russia – Oleg Kazakov• Slovakia - Helena Woleková• South Africa - Mark Swilling• Spain - Jose Ignacio Ruiz

Olabuenaga• Sweden - Tommy Lundstrom &

Filip Wijkstrom• Switzerland – Bernd Helmig• Tanzania - Laurean Ndumbaro

& Amos Mhina• Thailand – Amara Pongsapich• Uganda – John-Jean Barya• United Kingdom – Les Hems &

Karl Wilding• United States - Lester Salamon

& Wojtek Sokolowski• Venezuela – Rosa Amelia

Gonzalez


Approach :• C

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omparative

ollaborative

onsultative

ommon Definition


Defining Features

•Organizations

•Private

•Non-Profit Distributing

•Self-Governing

•Non-Compulsory


Approach :• C

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omparative

ollaborative

onsultative

ommon Definitiononsistent Methodology


Approach :• C

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omparative

ollaborative

onsultative

ommon Definitiononsistent Methodologyuantitativo


Global Civil Society, Volume Two

Order Information: Kumarian Press, www.kpbooks.com


Measuring Civil Society and Volunteering

For more information visit www.jhu.edu/ccss/unhandbook


Finding 1:

A Major Economic Force


The Scale of Nonprofit Activity,

New Zealand

9.6% of economically active population

201,000 full time equivalent jobs

NZ $10 billion in operating expenditures

4.9% of GDP

(67,000 Paid Workers; 134,000 FTE Volunteers)


Nonprofit workforce as a share of the economically active population, by country

3.2% 6.4% 9.6%New Zealand

2.4%

2.8%

2.6%

2.6%

3.2%

3.7%

2.8%

4.6%

2.2%

4.9%

5.8%

5.9%

2.5%

6.4%

8.6%

5.1%

8.6%

10.2%

9.0%

10.1%

1.8%

1.5%

2.4%

3.1%

2.7%

3.0%

4.5%

3.0%

5.6%

3.9%

3.0%

3.1%

7.0%

3.1%

2.3%

5.8%

2.4%

1.3%

3.2%

5.8%

4.3%4.3%

5.0%5.7%5.9%

6.8%7.3%

7.6%7.8%

8.8%8.9%9.0%

9.6%9.6%

10.9%11.0%11.0%

11.4%12.3%

15.9%

ItalySpainChile

FinlandArgentinaGermany

NorwayAustralia

AustriaDenmark

United StatesFrance

SwedenJapan

IrelandUnited Kingdom

BelgiumIsrael

CanadaNetherlands

3.3% 2.3% 5.6%41 countries

Paid Staff

Volunteers


Nonprofit workforce as a share of the economically active population, by country

Paid Staff

Volunteers

0.7%0.9%1.0%1.0%

1.5%1.5%1.7%1.9%1.9%2.0%2.1%2.1%2.3%2.4%

3.2%3.3%3.4%

4.2%4.2%4.2%

5.6%

RomaniaPoland

PakistanSlovakiaMorocco

IndiaCzech Republic

PhilippinesTanzaniaHungary

PeruKenya

ColombiaUganda

EgyptBrazil

South AfricaMexico

PortugalKorea, Rep. of

41 countries


Construction 74,700

Transport & Communications 77,400

Manufacturing 221,050

Employment in NPIs vs. Selected Industries in New

Zealand, 2004

0 50,000 100,000 150,000 200,000 250,000

Paid Employees

Volunteers

200,60566,806 133,799NPIs

6,500Utilities


Finding 2:

Significant Volunteer Presence

The Johns Hopkins Comparative Nonprofit Sector ProjectVolunteers as Share of NPO Workforce

New Zealand vs. Country Groups

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80%

42%41-country average

28%

35%

37%

40%

43%

44%

48%

56%

58%

Eastern European

Welfare Partnership

Asian Industrialized

Australia

Latin America

Other Developing

Anglo-Saxon

African

Nordic

67%New Zealand


Finding 3:

A Diverse Sector


Roles and Functions•Service Provision•Advocacy•Expression •Community-Building•Value Guardian

Source: Lester M. Salamon, The State of Nonprofit America(Washington, D.C.: The Brookings Institution Press, 2002)


Two Broad Nonprofit Functions

• Education • Health • Social Services • Development and Housing

Culture, Sports and Recreation Environmental Protection Civic and Advocacy Unions, Professional and Business

Associations Religion

Service

Expressive


Distribution of the Nonprofit Workforce, by Field, NZ vs. 39-Country Average

2%

0%

0%

8%

12%

19%

21%

21%

17%

2%

37%

60%

2%

3%

3%

7%

8%

16%

16%

20%

25%

Other

Other, Māori Expression

Other, Māori Services

Development, Housing

Health

Social Services

Education, Research

Membership Associations

Culture & Recreation

2%

49%

50%

Other

Expressive Role

Service Role

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

New Zealand

39-Country Average


Distribution of New Zealand Nonprofit Workforce, Paid vs. Volunteer Staff

2%

5%

4%

23%

29%

15%

8%

2%

57%

41%

2%

0%

14%

15%

16%

19%

30%

Other

Māori Based

Health

Membership Associations

Culture & Recreation

Education & Research

Social Services

2%

31%

67%

Other

Expressive Role

Service Role

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

Paid

Volunteer


Finding 4:

Unusual Revenue

Structure


Sources of Nonprofit revenue, New Zealand 2004

25%Government

20%Philanthropy

55% Fees


Sources of Nonprofit Revenue,New Zealand Vs. Country Groups

25% 20% 55%New Zealand

16%

19%

20%

32%

34%

35%

36%

36%

42%

54%

24%

14%

25%

10%

10%

8%

14%

15%

19%

10%

61%

67%

55%

58%

56%

57%

50%

50%

39%

36%

Other Developing

Latin American

African

Australia

Asian Industrialised

Nordic

Anglo-Saxon

38-Country Average

Eastern European

Welfare Partnership

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

Government

Philanthropy

Fees


Finding 5:

A Fragile Organism


“…the science of association is the mother of all science; the progress of all the rest depends on the progress it has made.”

-- Alexis de Tocqueville


More Information and Publications at:

www.jhu.edu/ccss

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the johns hopkins comparative nonprofit sector project the aotearoa new zealand nonprofit sector in...

Documents

c c c c c c omparative

scale of nonprofit activity

comparative perspective

major economic force

salamon new zealand

active population

country paid staff volunteers

fte volunteers