a comparative analysis of wildlife trafficking in australia, new zealand and the united kingdom
DESCRIPTION
A Comparative Analysis of Wildlife Trafficking in Australia, New Zealand and the United Kingdom. Outline. Purpose Methodology Findings Australia NZ UK Discussion. Purpose. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
A Comparative Analysis of Wildlife Trafficking in Australia, New Zealand and the United Kingdom
Outline
PurposeMethodologyFindings
Australia NZ UK
Discussion
Purpose
This study adopts a comparative approach incorporating illegal trade data obtained from the Convention on the International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) online trade database.
This will further understanding of the geographic differences, which can then inform efforts to improve policy intervention and prevention strategies.
Methodology
CITES-listed species Incidents not totals (individual specimens or
weight)Reported to the Secretariat
Methodology
1975-2010All 178 countriesThe source ‘I’ for illegalWhilst the illegal wildlife was probably
confiscated or seized, the CITES data does not give this kind of information
The intention is to gain insight into the species targeted and geographic patterns as well as the type of products that are being smuggled
Findings
Alliga
tors
Asian
/Afric
an El
epha
nts
Big Cats
Crocod
iles
Geckos
Hoodia
Marine
Mam
mals
Queen
Conch
Small
Cats
Torto
ises
0204060
Australia Illegal CITES Imports by Species 1988-2010
Genus/Species
Num
ber
of In
cide
nts
Findings
African
Bush El
epha
nt
American
Ginsen
g
Birdwing
Butterfl
ies
Boa Con
stricto
rsCost
usCyca
d
Large
Polyp
Ston
y Cora
l
Monito
r Liza
rds
Orchids
Parro
tsPyt
hon
Reef B
uilding
Corals
Right W
hale
Seah
orses
Star C
orals
Tiger
Tree F
erns
050
100150200250300350400
Australia Illegal CITES Exports by Species 1982-2010
Genus/Species
Num
ber
of In
cide
nts
Findings
Austr
ia
Czech R
epub
licJap
an
Netherl
ands
Norway
Singa
pore
South
Afric
a
Switz
erlan
d
Unkno
wn0
200400600800
Destination of Australian Illegal CITES Exports 1982-2010
Country
Num
ber
of In
cide
nts
Findings
China
Hong K
ong
Malaysi
a
New Cale
donia
Papu
a New
Guinea
South
Afric
a
Thail
and UK US
Vietna
m0
20406080
Origin of Australian Illegal CITES Imports 1988-2010
Country
Num
ber
of In
cide
nts
Findings
Africa
n Bush
Elep
hant
Bears
Boa C
onstr
ictors
Costus
Giant C
lam
Marine
Mam
mals
Orchids
Queen
Conch
Sea T
urtles Tig
er0
400800
1200
New Zealand Illegal CITES Imports 1989-2010
Genus/Species
Num
ber
of In
cide
nts
Findings
Africa
n Bush
Elep
hant
Boat
OrchidsCact
us
Crocod
iles
Marine
Mam
mals
New Ze
aland
Tree
Fern
Orchids
Sea T
urtles
Sperm
Wha
le
Stony
Coral
Tree F
ern0
102030
New Zealand Illegal CITES Exports 1983-2010
Genus/Species
Num
ber
of In
cide
nts
Findings
Austr
alia
Austr
iaChin
a
German
y
Indon
esia
New Ze
aland
Norway
Portu
gal
Russia
Singa
pore
Solom
on Isl
andsSp
ain
Swed
en UK
Unkno
wn US0
4080
120
Destination of New Zealand Illegal CITES Exports 1983-2010
Country
Num
ber
of In
cide
nts
Findings
Austr
alia
China Fiji
Hong K
ong
Japan
Malaysi
aSa
moa
South
Afric
a
Thail
and
Unkno
w
Vanu
atu
Zimba
bwe
0200400600800
1000
Origin of New Zealand Illegal CITES Imports 1989-2010
Country
Num
ber
of In
cide
nts
Findings
Africa
n Bush
Elep
hant
Asian
/Afric
an El
epha
nt
Cobras
Crocod
iles
Leopa
rd
Orchids
Pytho
ns
Stony
Coral
Torto
ises
0100200300
UK Illegal CITES Imports by Species 1980-2010
Genus/Species
Num
ber
of In
cide
nts
Findings
African
Bush El
epha
nt
Asian E
lepha
ntBea
r
Caiman
Corcod
iles
Dabblin
g Duck
s
Giant C
lamHoo
dia
Marine
Mammals
Orchids
Pytho
n
Sea T
urtles
Snow
drops
Stony
Coral
Tegu
s Liza
rds Tiger
Walrus
020406080
100120140160
UK Illegal CITES Exports 1982-2010
Genus/Species
Num
ber
of In
cide
nts
Findings
Angu
illa
Bahra
in
Canad
aChin
a
Czech R
epub
licIsr
aelJap
anKu
wait
Montse
rrat
New Ze
aland
Polan
d
South
Afric
a
Thail
and UK
020406080
100120140
Destination of UK Illegal CITES Exports 1982-2010
Country
Num
ber
of In
cide
nts
Findings
Austral
iaBraz
ilChin
aFra
nce
Guyan
aInd
iaKe
nya
Malaysi
aNige
riaRuss
ia
South
Africa
Tanza
nia UAE
Unkno
wn
Zimba
bwe
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
Origin of UK Illegal CITES Imports 1980-2010
Country
Num
ber
of In
cide
nts
Findings
Australia New Zealand UK02000400060008000
10000
Illegal CITES Imports and Exports 1980-2010
ImportsExports
Country
Num
ber
of In
cide
nts
Discussion
Not possible to determine if the trends witnessed are due to increased or decreased enforcements efforts, an increase or decrease in illegal activity or some combination
It does highlight the following:
Discussion
Australia Essentially no export of live wildlife CITES permits for imports too Harsh penalties
NZ Controlled imports and exports Relatively harsh penalties
UK Controlled imports and exports Moderate penalties
Further Studies
NZ has the highest imports Because WEG detects more or if more is occurring?
Australia’s successConvictions and the use of the range of penaltiesTrade of marine species and corals ‘Unknown’ importer and exporterOverseas territories as a means of laundering or
smuggling