MOC : Case Study

Present by Group 4

Facsimile and its segments

Industry history

Japanese facsimile production

Competitors

G1 and G2 protocols : Analog machine

G3 : Digital machine with microprocessor◦ High-end G3 : target for high volume users(100+

pages/day)

◦ Mid-range G3 : desktop and target for medium size business (25-100 pages/day)

◦ Low-end G3 : portable, simply and target for small business, home office (less than 25 pages/day)

G4 : Fully digital required digital phone line

PC fax : G3 which required scanner send image via computer

1940s – 1950s : No standard for facsimile machine, AT&T(US) allow limited used of public network. Japan used for public purpose.

1967 : General purpose facsimile emerge with Telecopier II by Xerox in US (Leasing machine)

1969 : US allowed 3rd party generated general phone line resulted in opening general telephone system used for facsimile.

1970 : Japanese government allow facsimile document as legal standing.

Late 1970s ◦ Japan : Many Japanese company hired electronics

engineers to develop G3 type. None of standard were set.

◦ US : Telexes and typewriters were common used and delivered by rapid mail service. Unable connecting from different facsimiles producer were big problem and slow down the market.

◦ Europe : Less interested in facsimile and has poor phone system. Telex was more prefer.

1980s : ◦ Since 1980, G3 were introduced with standard.

Matsushita and Ricoh were the first company.

◦ G3 able to connect with G2 introduced by Japanese firms.

◦ Xerox had very late to developed G3 by Fuji-Xerox, joint venture by Japanese.

◦ Large Japanese company began to use G3.

◦ NTT stimulated telecommunication service to support aggressive growth until it was privatized in 1985.

Year Japan North America Western Europe Other

1979 100,000 240,000 30,000

1980 140,000 265,000

1981 200,000 294,000

1982 310,000 326,700

1983 485,000 371,900

1984 750,000 472,000

1985 1,100,000 595,000 240,000 10,000

1986 1,520,000 828,000

1987 2,200,000 1,070,000 575,000

1988 3,000,000 1,423,000 1,200,000 350,000

Exhibit 3 : Installed Base of Facsimile Machines, 1979-1988

Key Success

Engineers develop new data compression techniques. Used standard electronics, mass production and assembly

method. Major manufacturers produced important components in

house (e.g. scanner, printer, specialized semiconductor). Several facsimile company sold components to other

companies. Network of specialized suppliers growth up to serve

Japanese firms. Manage particular model run before switching over to

another model. Flexible assembly lines resulted inexpensive changeover

for manufacturer.

Oversea Production

Pitney Bowes : Major supplier of business equipment in US but purchase facsimile machine from Japanese firm and repack to large firm in US.

Thomson CSF : Only significant facsimile manufacturer in Europe but expensive. No penetration outside France.

Korean firms : Source important component from Japan

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