THE ISLAM AND AL-ANDALUS

THE ISLAM

●Muslims are monotheists.

They believe in the Judeo- Christian God, which they call Allah.

● Muslims believe that the Qur’an is the word of God.

● His prophet is called Muhammad. He went to The Meca in 622 (this is their year 1)

THE MOSQUE

THE SPANISH CONQUESTIslam in the Iberian Peninsula: Al-

AndalusThe conquest of the Iberian Peninsula begun

in the beginning of the 7th centuryIt started a long period which had a great

influence on the language, the culture and the life of the Hispanic society.

AL-ANDALUSAl-Andalus became a province of Damasco

and the capital was established in CordobaIn the middle of the 8th century, the last

member of the Umayyads, Abd-al-Rahmán I (756 – 788), came to live to Al-Andalus. He split up with the Caliphate of

Bagdad and proclaimed himself as independent one.

Al-Andalus lived a great economic and cultural period during the 10th century.

GRANADA After the fall of the Umayyad caliphate, Al-Andalus

was fragmented into a number of minor states and principalities, mainly the Emirate of Granada

Attacks from the Christian Castillian intensified, led by Alfonso VI

 In 1085, Alfonso VI captured Toledo, starting a gradual Muslim decline. With the fall of Córdoba in 1236, the Emirate of Granada was the only Muslim territory in what is now Spain

In 1238, the Emirate of Granada officially became a tributary state to the Kingdom of Castile

Boabdil surrendered the Emirate of Granada to the Catholic Monarchs on 2nd January 1492

ScienceIslamic teaching encouraged the knowledge

that helped to improve people’s livesMuslims translated works from Ancient

Greece and EgyptThey developed astronomyIslamic scientists developed new

experimental techniques and alchemyIslamic medicine was based in the Greek

modelThey used herbal medicines

MathematicsThey were interested in different number

systemsThey developed algebra and geometry which

was important in architecture and other technologies

They used geometry to decorate buildings

TechnologyThey improved water technology and

agricultureThey also contributed to the development of

the manufacture of paper, scientific instruments and machines