the international facility for antiproton and ion research fair: challenges and opportunities...

The international Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research FAIR: Challenges and

Opportunities

Claudia Höhne

GSI Darmstadt

10th Conference on the Intersections of Particle and Nuclear Physics (CIPANP 2009)

2

Austria IndiaChina Finnland France Germany Greece UKItaly Poland Slovakia Slovenia Spain Sweden Romania Russia

Observers

Hungary

Saudi-Arabia

USA

EU

3 Claudia Höhne CIPANP 2009, San Diego

FAIR accelerator facility

storage and cooler rings

• beams of rare isotopes• e – A Collider (proposal: antiproton - A)

• 1011 stored and cooled antiprotons

0.8 - 14.5 GeV

primary beams

• 1012/s; 1.5-2 GeV/u; 238U28+

• factor 100-1000 increased intensity• 2x1013/s 90 GeV protons• 109/s 238U92+ 35 GeV/u (Ni 45 GeV/u)

secondary beams

• radioactive beams 0 – 1.5 (2) GeV/u• rare isotopes 1.5 - 2 GeV/u; factor 10 000 increased intensity • antiprotons (0) 3 - 15 GeV

accelerator technical challenges

• rapidly cycling superconducting magnets• high energy electron cooling• beam losses

high intensity frontier!multi-user facility!

GSIFAIR


Overview on FAIR research topics


FAIR research highlights

GSI FAIR

Rare isotope beams: nuclear structure and nuclear astrophysics nuclear structure far off stability nucleosynthesis in stars and supernovae


NUSTAR – physics case

nuclear structure

• underlying QCD structure → complex nucleon-nucleon force

• study of exotic short lived nuclei far off stability(proton/ neutron skins or halos, new magic numbers...)

→ pave way for theoretical framework with predictive power for nuclei beyond experimental reach

astrophysics

• origin of the heavy elements?

• physics of stellar explosions (core-collapse, thermonuclear supernovae, nucleosynthesis)

• compact objects and the explosions on their surfaces (x-ray bursts)


NUSTAR

• Production of intensive rare isotope beams by in-flight projectile fragmentation/fission (access to short-lived isotopes)• Detailed investigations, large variety of experimental techniques


FRS – SuperFRS: intensity gain!

Present FRS

Super-FRS

FAIR: 2/s

FAIR: 65/h

FAIR: 8/s

FAIR:109/s

FAIR:108/s


(N)ESR: relativistic exotic ions in storage ring

Masses of more than 1100 nuclides measuredResults: ~ 350 new mass values ~ 300 improved mass values

Mass accuracy5 ∙10- 8 to 5 ∙10-7

Single-ion sensitivity keV precision

Stable nuclideMass not (yet) measured in ESRMass measured in ESRr-, rp-nuclei, which canbe measured in NESR



GSI FAIR

Short-pulse heavy ion beams: plasma physics matter at high pressure, densities, and temperature fundamentals of nuclear fusion



GSI FAIR

Atomic physics, FLAIR, and applied research highly charged atoms low energy antiprotons radiobiology



GSI FAIR

Beams of antiprotons: hadron physics quark-confinement potential search for gluonic matter and hybrids nuclon structure, double hypernuclei


PANDA – physics case

• non-perturbative regime of QCD

• quark confinement potential

• hadron masses » quark masses

• self interaction among gluons

→ research program

• hadron physics: charmonium spectroscopy gluonic excitations: glueballs, hybrids

• nuclear physics: open and hidden charm in nuclear matter, hypernuclei

• electromagnetic processes: transverse structure funtions etc.


PANDA

AntiProton-Proton-ANnihilation in DArmstadt

High luminosity mode

– Luminosity = 2 x 1032 cm-2s-1

– δp/p ~ 10-4 (stochastic cooling)High resolution mode

– δp/p ~ few 10-5 (+electron cooling)

– Luminosity > 1031 cm-2s-1

Gas-Jet/Pellet/Wire Target


Micro Vertex Detector Electronics

Straw Tube Tracker DIRC

EMC PWO crystals LAAPD FEE

Micro-Vertex Detector

PANDA hardware developments


Resolution!

3500 3520 MeV3510

Cry

stal B

all

ev./

2 M

eV100

ECM

e+e- interactions:– Only 1-- states are formed– Other states only by

secondary decays (moderate mass resolution)

pp reactions:– All states directly formed

(very good mass resolution)

CBallE835

1000

E 8

35

ev./

pb

χc1

1,2

J /e e

J /e e

+ -

+ -

®®

®®

ψγχ

γγ ψγγ

1,2ppJ /

e e+ -

®®

®

χγ ψ

γ

Crystal Ball, SLAC E835, Fermilab

in addition: beam quality, high resolution detector, redundancy



GSI FAIR

Nucleus-nucleus collisions: compressed baryonic matter

baryonic matter at highest densities (neutron stars) phase transitions and critical endpoint in-medium properties of hadrons


Physics case of CBM

Compressed Baryonic Matter @ FAIR – high B, moderate T:

searching for the landmarks of the QCD phase diagram• first order deconfinement phase transition • chiral phase transition (high baryon densities!)• QCD critical endpoint

in A+A collisions from 2-45 AGeV starting in 2015 (CBM + HADES)

• physics program complementary to RHIC, LHC

• rare probes! (charm, dileptons)


The CBM experiment

– Exploration of the QCD phase diagram at highest baryon densities

– Experimental focus on rare diagnostic probes

– High-rate detectors with free-streaming readout and online event selection


self-triggeringread-out chip128 ch, 32 MHz

high-density front end boards

TRD

high-rate large-area

RPC

radiation-harddouble-sided silicon microstrip detectors

NVIDIA GTX 280

240 core GPU

fast on-line event selection using many-core architectures (CELL, LRB, GPUs)

Readout ASICs for RPC Time-of-flight system: 25 ps time resolution

Monolithic

Active Pixel Sensors

GEM

high-rate large-area

high-rate large-areasemiconductive glass

Data Acquisition System

throughput 500 MB/s/node

RICHglass mirror

CBM hardware developments


CBM experimental challenges

LarrabeeNVIDIA GTX 280

240 core GPU

Measurements with rates up to 107 Au+Au reactions/sec require:

– extremely fast and radiation hard detectors

– free-streaming readout electronics

– high-speed online event selection

– CPU&GPU – PetaFlops / M€

– FAIR Tier-Zero @ GSI

Central Au+Au collision at 25 AGeV Up to 1000 charged particles in central Au+Au

UrQMD + GEANT4

Fast track reconstruction algorithms running on graphic processing units:

speed 46 ns / track track reconstruction efficiency > 96% momentum resolution Δp/p < 1.5% speed



GSI FAIR

Accelerator physics high intensive heavy ion beams dynamical vacuum rapidly cycling superconducting magnets high energy electron cooling parallel operation of up to 4-5 programs


Fast ramping:Frequency variable ferrite or MA loaded resonators

Beam quality:Electron & Stochastic Cooling

XHV ~10-12 mbar

Compact & efficient acceleator design:Rapidly cycling sc magnets: dB/dt ~ 4T/s

Accelerator Developments


QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor

are needed to see this picture.

EoIs still missing from

WBS 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 2.10 2.11 2.12 2.13 2.14 3.0HEBT Super FRS CR NESR p-linac SIS100 pbar-target RESR HESR SIS300 ER Com. Sys.Civ. Constr.

TS-2 Magnets Bend Bend Bend Bend Bend Bend Bend Bend Bend Bend Bend

Quad Quad Quad Quad Quad Quad Quad Quad Quad Quad Quad

SextupolesSextupoles Sextupoles Sextupoles SextupolesMultipoles Sextupoles

Other Other Other Other Other Other Other Other Other

TS-3 Power Converter Power ConverterPower ConverterPower ConverterPower ConverterPower ConverterPower ConverterPower ConverterPower ConverterPower ConvertgerPower ConverterPower Converter

TS-4 RF-System RF RF RF RF RF RF RF RF

TS-5 Inj/Extraction Inj/Extr. Inj/Extr. Inj/Extr. Inj/Extr. Inj/Extr. Inj/Extr. Inj/Extr.

TS-6 Diagnostics DiagnosticsDiagnosticsDiagnosticsDiagnosticsDiagnosticsDiagnosticsDiagnosticsDiagnosticsDiagnosticsDiagnosticsDiagnostics

TS-7 Vacuum Vacuum Vacuum Vacuum Vacuum Vacuum Vacuum Vacuum Vacuum Vacuum Vacuum Vacuum

TS-8 Part. Sources EZR Linac

TS-9 ECOOL ECOOL ECOOL

TS-10 St. Cooling St. Cool St. Cool St. Cool

TS-11 Special inst. Special Special Special Special Special

TS-12 Local Cryo Local CryoLocal CryoLocal Cryo Local Cryo Local Cryo Refrigerator

TS-14 Common System Controls/Interfaces

Quench Detection

Magnet QC

Alignment

El. Power

International contributions to FAIR accelerators

25 Claudia Höhne CIPANP 2009, San Diego 25

Overall schedule (FAIR accelerator sections)

FAIR accelerator systems (schedule)


Accelerator R&D

26

– Design and construction of superconducting prototype magnets in collaboration with external partners and industry.

– SIS100 challenge: fast ramping superconducting magnets

– SIS300 challenge: superconducting curved coils with 300 Tm bending power

26

SIS100 superferric dipole prototype

SIS100 superferric quadrupole prototype


R&D on dipole magnets for SIS300

27


The BIG challenge

100 m

UNILACSIS 18

SIS 100/300

HESR

SuperFRS

NESR

CRRESR

ESR

• Construction in three phases until 2016• Total cost 1.2 B€• Scientific users: 2500 - 3000 per year

Construction Period, Cost, Users

• 65 % Federal Government of Germany• 10 % State of Hessen• 25 % Partner CountriesFAIR GmbH w. International Shareholders

Financing

GSI todayGSI today Future facilityFuture facility• Beam intensities by factors of 100 - 10000• Beam energies by a factor 20• Production of antimatter beams• Factor 10000 in beam brilliance via cooling• Efficient parallel operation of programs

Gain Factors

Largest fundamental

science project

worldwide for

the next decade!


Radioactive Ion Beam Programme Anti Proton Beam Programme

Relat. Ion Beam ProgrammePlasma Physics Beam Programme


746°C

Beam catcher

Remotely controlledAssembly and operation andservicing

Target for 1012 U /100ns

Radiation resistant superconducting cable

Superferric Quadrupole-Multipletts

Super-FRS

Super-FRS technological challenges: Extreme radiation hardness requirements


1 GeV/u U, 3x1011/s1GeV/u U + H About 1000

isotopes identified

A/Z-resolution ~10-3

the international facility for antiproton and ion research fair: challenges and opportunities...

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