the interaction of linear and vertical time in minimalist and postminimalist piano music

8/3/2019 The Interaction of Linear and Vertical Time in Minimalist and Postminimalist Piano Music

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=$93$ ^vo Sifeq+ heiqu}eq =2(19 $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ >2

1$9$ ôh JogdqodqId Gou} ò} Sbido+ ^gehe 9+ heiqu}eq 9(1 $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ 5>

1$=$ Id Gou} ò} Sbido+ ^gehe =+ heiqu}eq 63(69 $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ 55

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1$>$ Id Gou} ò} Sbido+ ^gehe >+ heiqu}eq 102(169 $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ 55

1$5$ Id Gou} ò} Sbido+ ^gehe 5+ heiqu}eq =79(=7= $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ 50

1$0$ Id Gou} ò} Sbido+ ^gehe 0+ heiqu}eq 113(111 $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ 50

1$6$ Id Gou} ò} Sbido+ ^}idqb~bodik ^gehe+ heiqu}eq =37(=9= $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ 50

1$7$ Id Gou} ò} Sbido+ ~}idqb~bodik siqqife+ heiqu}eq 01=(001 $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ 0=

1$2$ Id Gou} ò} Sbido+ òu}~g ~gehe+ heiqu}eq 952(909 $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ 0>


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5$9$ Nipbn Mo}nedqNoumke So}~}ib~+ `b}q~ ~gehe+ `b}q~ sbido+ heiqu}eq =(2 $$$ 99>

5$=$ Noumke So}~}ib~+ q~i}~ o` ~ge qeaodn ~gehe+ qeaodn sbido+heiqu}eq 93(99 $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ 99>

5$1$ Noumke So}~}ib~+ `b}q~ idn qeaodn ~gehe aohmbden+ heiqu}eq 16(17 $$$$$$$$ 995

5$>$ Noumke So}~}ib~+ qeaodn ~gehe+ qeaodn sbido+ heiqu}eq =5(13 $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ 996

5$5$ Noumke So}~}ib~+ qeaodn qea~bod+ aohske~e ~ew~u}ik }enua~bod o`~ge `b}q~ b~e}i~bod+ `b}q~ sbido+ heiqu}eq 57(62 $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ 992

5$0$ Noumke So}~}ib~+ heiqu}eq 57(0= $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ 9=3

5$6$ Noumke So}~}ib~+ qeaodn sbido+ heiqu}eq 9>5(953 $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ 9=9

5$7$ Noumke So}~}ib~+ ~}idqb~bod bd~o ~ge ~gb}n qea~bod vb~g ~ge i}seffbo`bfu}e bd ~ge qeaodn sbido+ heiqu}eq 906(96> $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ 9=1

5$2$ Noumke So}~}ib~+ oa~ipe ~gehe bd ~ge `b}q~ sbido si}~+heiqu}eq =3>(=30 $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ 9=1

5$93$ Noumke So}~}ib~+ ~}idqb~bod bd~o ~ge aoni+ heiqu}eq >97(>== $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ 9=6

5$99$ Noumke So}~}ib~+ heiqu}eq >10(>>5 $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ 9=2

N$9$ Bd~e}keipbdfq+ -Si}isgiqe '1w="w5+ 6+- heiqu}eq 9(1 $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ 90=

N$=$ Bd~e}keipbdfq+ -Si}isgiqe '1w="w5+ 6+- heiqu}eq 91(95 $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ 901

N$1$ Bd~e}keipbdfq+ -Si}isgiqe '1w="w5+ 6+- heiqu}eq 92 $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ 901

N$>$ Bd~e}keipbdfq+ -Si}isgiqe '1w="w5+ 6+- heiqu}eq 19(1= $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ 90>

N$5$ Bd~e}keipbdfq+ -Si}isgiqe '1w="w5+ 6+- heiqu}eq >9(>= $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ 905


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~gidl N}$ Vi}}ed S$ Fooag ò} edaou}ifbdf he ~o kbq~ed ~o idn se}ò}h dev huqba idn N}$

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voukn kble ~o ~gidl S}o`$ Jogd HaBd~r}e+ vgo giq qe}pen od ~gbq nbqqe}~i~bod aohhb~~ee idn

ope} ~ge kiq~ qbw rei}q giq suqgen he ~o meaohe i me~~e} huqbabid idn sbidbq~$ B voukn ikqo

kble ~o ~gidl ~ge o~ge} hehme}q o` hr aohhb~~ee vgo gipe ~iled ~ge ~bhe ~o geks he vb~g

~gbq s}ojea~: N}$ Vbkkbih Epe}e~~+ N}$ Nbide Se~}ekki+ idn N}$ ]erdokn Qbhsqod$ Hoq~

eqseabikkr B voukn kble ~o ~gidl N}$ Idn}ev F}idine+ ò} agib}bdf ~ge aohhb~~ee idn

s}opbnbdf bdqbfg~ùk idn s}ohs~ a}b~babqh$ Rou} edaou}ifehed~ idn vbkkbdfdeqq ~o ~ile od

~gbq ~iql giq meed bdq~}uhed~ik bd hr imbkb~r ~o aohske~e ~gbq s}ojea~$


14/192

wbp

Od i ho}e se}qodik do~e+ B voukn kble ~o ~gidl N}$ Nipbn N$ HaBd~b}e idn gbq vbè+

Hbagekke Ikked HaBd~b}e ò} ~geb} `}bednqgbs idn qusso}~ nu}bdf hr f}inui~e ai}ee}$ Nipbn+

ve}e b~ do~ ò} rou bdpb~bdf he ope} ~o kbq~ed ~o huqba+ B noum~ B epe} voukn gipe edaoud~e}en

~ge ^bhe Au}pe S}ekuneq+ vgbag }eikkr mefid ~gbq vgoke s}oaeqq$ Rou gipe geksen he ~o

`bdn hr pobae iq i sbidbq~ idn v}b~e}+ idn ò} ~gi~ B vbkk ikvirq me f}i~eùk$ Hbagekke+ ~gidl

rou ò} rou} ew~}io}nbdi}r goqsb~ikb~r ope} ~geqe kiq~ qepe}ik rei}q idn ò} }eikbzbdf ikhoq~

bhhenbi~ekr i`~e} ve he~ ~gi~ B qgoukn hee~ rou} guqmidn$ Rou mo~g gipe meed }bednq bd

~ge ~}ueq~ qedqe o` ~ge vo}n+ idn B aiddo~ ~gidl rou edoufg$

B voukn ikqo kble ~o ~gidl hr si}ed~q+ ]bagi}n idn Jihbe Kee+ vgo gipe ikvirq

edaou}ifen he ~o `bdn hr si~g$ Rou} kope+ edaou}ifehed~+ idn+ req+ `bdidabik qusso}~ gipe

hine ~gbq ikk soqqbmke$ ^gidlq ò} qu`è}bdf ~g}oufg+ idn ki~e} edjorbdf+ aoud~keqq }eab~ikq

idn aodae}~q ope} ~ge rei}q+ eqseabikkr vged ~goqe }eyub}en aodqbne}imke ~}ipek$ Rou} kope

giq fbped he ~ge q~}edf~g ~o qee ~gbq ~g}oufg ~o b~q edn$

@bdikkr+ B voukn kble ~o ~gidl hr vbè+ Ai}}be$ B no do~ eped vid~ ~o ~gbdl imou~ ~ge

aoud~keqq gou}q Bpe qsed~ ivir+ vge~ge} s}ia~babdf+ v}b~bdf+ o} vo}lbdf$ ^gidl rou ò}

~oke}i~bdf ~geqe onn gou}q idn huk~bske jomq$ ^gidl rou ò} edaou}ifbdf he ~g}oufg ikk o` b~$

^gidl rou ò} mebdf ~ge}e ~g}oufg ikk o` b~$ ^gidl rou ò} kopbdf he ~g}oufg ikk o` b~$


15/192

wp

S]E@IAE

^gbq s}ojea~ mefid bd ei}kr =336+ vged N}$ Nipbn N$ HaBd~b}e+ ~ged i èkkov f}inui~e

q~uned~+ }eaebpen i qao}e ~gi~ ge viq idwbouq ~o qgov heVbkkbih Nualvo}~gq ^bhe Au}pe

S}ekuneq$ Iq ve òkkoven ~ge qao}e vb~g Deekr M}uaeq }eao}nbdf+ B viq q~}ual mr mo~g ~ge

meiu~r idn aohskewb~r o` ~geqe qgo}~ s}ekuneq$ Nipbn ~okn he ~gi~ ~gbq viq bd qohe virq ~ge

yubd~eqqed~bik soq~hbdbhikbq~ sbeae+ idn vgbke B gin depe} gei}n ~ge ~e}h meò}e+ B viq

idwbouq ~o gei} ho}e o` ~geqe ~rseq o` vo}lq$ B~ viq ~ged ~gi~ B ~u}den ~o N}$ Idn}ev

F}idine+ vgoqe }eqei}ag bd~e}eq~q B ldev ikqo aodae}den ~ved~be~g aed~u}r Ihe}baid huqba$

Ge f}iabouqkr if}een ~o inpbqe he od id bdb~bik }eqei}ag s}ojea~ ~goufg B gin do bnei imou~

b~q nb}ea~bod qipe odkr ~gi~ b~ voukn aodae}d soq~hbdbhikbq~ sbido huqba$ I`~e} ge fipe he i

}i~ge} kedf~gr kbq~ o` aohsoqe}q+ B qsed~ ~ge quhhe} aokkea~bdf+ kbq~edbdf ~o+ idn skirbdf iq

huag sbido huqba iq B aoukn$

Iq ~ge ìkk qeheq~e} mefid+ B yubalkr }eikbzen gov nb``bauk~ ~gbq s}ojea~ voukn me$ ^ge

sbeaeq B gin aokkea~en ve}e nb`è}ed~ `}oh ode ido~ge} bd hidr bhso}~id~ }eqsea~q+ idn B viq

gipbdf i gi}n ~bhe fe~~bdf i gidnke od ~ge fed}e huag keqq `bdnbdf i nb}ea~bod ò} }eqei}ag$

B~ viq do~ ud~bk hr hbdn ~u}den ~o ~ge se}aes~bod o` ~bhe ~gi~ ~gbdfq mefid ~o ìkk bd~o skiae$

Vb~g hbdbhikbq~ sbido sbeaeq+ B }eikbzen ~gi~ B fo~ ~ge hoq~ edjorhed~ mr ~ilbdf od i

henb~i~bpe hbdnqe~ idn ke~~bdf hr hbdn `}eekr ewsko}e vgi~ B viq gei}bdf i~ ~ge hohed~+

vge}eiq vb~g soq~hbdbhikbq~ sbido sbeaeq+ B }eikbzen ~gi~ hr kbq~edbdf ewse}bedae viq

qohevgi~ qbhbki} ~o ~gi~ o` aohhod s}ia~bae huqba$ ^gi~ bq+ B òudn hrqek` id~babsi~bdf

vgi~ viq ~o aohe idn }eè}edabdf mial ~o vgi~ B gin ik}einr gei}n+ bd o~ge} vo}nq+ hopbdf

i}oudn ~g}oufg ~bhe$ Do~ odkr nbn ~gbq aod~}iq~ vb~g ~ge èekbdf o` q~iqbq B gin kbq~edbdf ~o


16/192

wpb

hbdbhikbq~ huqba+ mu~ ~gbq huqba ikqo qeehen ~o iaaohskbqg hopehed~ ~g}oufg ~bhe vb~gou~

hidr o` ~ge nepbaeq o` aohhod s}ia~bae huqba$ ^gbq s}ohs~en hr bdb~bik v}b~bdf od ~ge

qumjea~+ vge}e B i~~ehs~en ~o aki}b`r ~ge nbq~bda~bod me~veed hbdbhikbqh idn soq~hbdbhikbqh

bd ~e}hq o` huqbaik ~bhe+ vb~g hbdbhikbqh mebdf pe}~baik idn soq~hbdbhikbqh mebdf kbdei}$

N}$ F}idine edaou}ifen he ~o aodqbne} ewsidnbdf ~gbq }eqei}ag bd~o i nbqqe}~i~bod+ idn qo B

nbn$

Bd Qes~ehme} o` =332+ B s}eqed~en i sise} od Nipbn Mo}ned&qNoumke So}~}ib~i~ ~ge

Qeaodn Bd~e}di~bodik Aodè}edae od Hbdbhikbq~ Huqba$ I~ ~ge aodè}edae+ b~ viq issi}ed~

~gi~ qepe}ik qseile}q ~goufg~ o` pe}~baik ~bhe idn kbdei} ~bhe iq mebdf hu~uikkr ewakuqbpe+ mu~

B viq meaohbdf bda}eiqbdfkr keqq aodpbdaen o` ~gi~ bnei$ Nu}bdf ode sise} qeqqbod B jo~~en

novd i so~ed~bik ~b~ke ò} hr nbqqe}~i~bod+ -^ge Qsea~}uh o` Kbdei} idn Pe}~baik ^bhe bd

Hbdbhikbq~ idn Soq~hbdbhikbq~ Sbido Huqba$- ^gbq m}be` ~goufg~ s}ohs~en i dev nb}ea~bod

bd hr }eqei}ag+ idn B q~i}~en vo}l ikhoq~ iq qood iq ~ge aodè}edae ednen$ B eped~uikkr aihe

~o }e`bde ~ge ~b~ke mr agidfbdf -qsea~}uh- ~o -bd~e}ia~bod- iq ~ge ki~~e} ikkoven ò} i ho}e

nrdihba bd~e}hbdfkbdf o` ~geqe ~vo qseabeq o` ~bhe$


17/192

9

AGISÊ] 9

BD^]ONUA^BOD

Qagoki}qgbs od hbdbhikbq~ huqba giq aed~e}en od òu} aohsoqe}qKi Hod~e Roudf+

ê}}r ]bker+ Q~epe ]ebag+ idn Sgbkbs Fkiqqdei}kr qbdae b~q bdaes~bod$9

^geqe aohsoqe}q+

bdb~bikkr f}ousen ~ofe~ge} mr ôh Jogdqod bd ^ge Pbkkife Pobae bd 926= idn bd ~ge kiq~

agis~e} o` Hbagiek Drhidq 926> moolEwse}bhed~ik Huqba: Aife idn Merodn+ ve}e

ae}~ibdkr do~ ~ge odkr odeq ewsko}bdf ~ge soqqbmbkb~beq o` hbdbhikbq~ huqba bd ~ge 9203q$=

Lrke Fidd neqa}bmeq i -aiq~ o` nozedq- bd gbq i}~bake -Hbdbhik Huqba+ Hiwbhik Bhsia~+- mu~

hidr o` ~geqe o~ge} aohsoqe}q hopen od `}oh hbdbhikbqh ~o ehm}iae nb`è}ed~ q~rkeq o}

eped nb`è}ed~ `beknq ed~b}ekr$1 ^geqe òu} aohsoqe}q+ ~g}oufg ~geb} aohsoqb~bodik

bddopi~bod+ do~o}be~r+ idn v}b~bdfq+ aod~bdue ~o me aodqbne}en ò}ehoq~ ihodfq~ hbdbhikbq~q$

^gbq soqb~bod bq q~}odfkr epbnedaen mr moolq quag iq Ihe}baid Hbdbhik Huqba mr Vbh

9Ud~bk ewskbab~kr q~i~en o~ge}vbqe+ ~ge ~e}h hbdbhikbqh vbkk }eè} ~o ~goqe sbeaeq

v}b~~ed meò}e 9260+ quag iq ~ge ei}kr vo}lq o` ]ebag+ Fkiqq+ idn ]bker ~gi~ ~edn ~o me ho}e

}bfbn bd ~e}hq o` s}oaeqq idn }ese~b~bod+ vgbke soq~hbdbhikbq~ vbkk }eè} ~o ~ge q~rke ~gi~ f}ev

ou~ o` ~geqe vo}lq$

= ôh Jogdqod+ -Ki Hod~e Roudf+ Q~epe ]ebag+ ê}}r ]bker+ idn Sgbkbs Fkiqq- bd ^gePobae o` Dev Huqba 'Ebdngoped: Isokkogubq+ 9272"+ \SN@ pe}qbod odkbdeX

g~~s://vvv$enb~bodq65$aoh/Moolq/^gePobaeO`DevHuqba$SN@ 'iaaeqqen 92 Hir =393": =2 Vbh He}~edq+Ihe}baid Hbdbhik Huqba 'Dev Ro}l: Ikewidne} M}oune+ Bda+ 9271"": 6>=(661$

2 ]ome}~ @bdl+]esei~bdf Ou}qekpeq: Ihe}baid Hbdbhik Huqba iq Auk~u}ik S}ia~bae

'Koq Idfekeq: Udbpe}qb~r o` Aikbò}dbi S}eqq+ K~n$+ =335"< Jodi~gid L}ihe}+ ^ge ^bhe o`Huqba 'Dev Ro}l: Qagb}he} Moolq+ 9277"$

93 Bid Yubdd+ -Hbdbhik Agikkedfeq: S}oaeqq Huqba idn ~ge Uqeq o` @o}hikbq~

Idikrqbq+- Aod~ehso}i}r Huqba ]epbev =5+ do$ 1 'Jude =330": =2=(=21$

99 Jodi~gid L}ihe}+ ^ge ^bhe o` Huqba 'Dev Ro}l: Qagb}he} Moolq+ 9277"+ 177$


20/192

>

Q~bkk+ hidr qagoki}q+ quag iq So~~e}+ aod~bdue vb~g ho}e q~idni}n idikrqeq+ neqa}bmbdf

s}oaeqq idn q~}ua~u}e vgbke ikqo ialdovkenfbdf ~ge èv ~odik bhskbai~bodq$ Neqsb~e ~ge

issi}ed~ aohskbai~bodq vb~g ~gbq iss}oiag+ ~geqe idikrqeq gipe rbeknen }equk~q ~gi~ no bd ìa~

nekpe merodn ~ge qu}ìae o` ~ge huqba$ @o} ewihske+ Q~epe ]ebagq ei}kr sgiqbdf sbeaeq gipe

do~imkr meed ~ge qumjea~ o` idikrqbq mr ]bagi}n Aode+ vgoqe mei~(akiqq iss}oiag ~o }gr~ghba

q~}ua~u}eq giq meed ikqo meed inos~en mr Jogd ]oene} idn ]ome}~o Id~odbo Qik~bdb$9=

Siuk

Esq~ebd ikqo s}onuaen ode o` ~ge `b}q~ heidbdfùk idikrqeq o` ~ge eped~q me~veed q~ifeq o`

sgiqbdf bd gbq i}~bake+ -Si~~e}d Q~}ua~u}e idn S}oaeqq bd Q~epe ]ebagq Sbido Sgiqe$-91

Od ~ge o~ge} gidn+ o~ge}q qee ~geqe ò}hikbq~ idikrqeq iq ehs~r idn bdaohske~e vged

~}rbdf e`èa~bpekr ~o neqa}bme idn udne}q~idn ~gbq huqba$ Jodi~gid Me}di}n v}b~eq ~gi~

hbdbhikbq~ huqba nehidnq -~gi~ ~ge s}oqsea~bpe bdpeq~bfi~o} me vbkkbdf+ do~ ~o imidnod

yuid~b~i~bpekr o}bed~en he~gonq+ mu~ ~o neehsgiqbze ~geh qohevgi~ bd ìpo} o` ~ilbdf

qe}bouqkr ~ge aoddea~bodq me~veed hbdbhik huqba idn hbdbhik i}~ idn ~}ei~bdf ~geh+ }i~ge}

~gid qbhskr iq id ipedue ò} he~isgo}baik aohsi}bqod+ iq i vir o` qeebdf ~ge huqba+ o} iq b`

ode aoukn qee b~$-9> Qohe+ quag iq Feo}fe ]oagme}f idn E}bl Ag}bq~edqed qee pikue bd ~gbq

9=]bagi}n Aogd+ -^}idqsoqb~bodik Aohmbdi~bod o` Mei~(Akiqq Qe~q bd Q~epe ]ebagq

Sgiqe(Qgb`~bdf Huqba+- Se}qsea~bpeq o` Dev Huqba 13+ do$ = '922=": 9>0(966< Jogd ]oene}+

-Mei~(Akiqq Honuki~bod bd Q~epe ]ebagq Huqba+-Huqba ^geo}r Qsea~}uh =5+ do$ =

'Iu~uhd+ =331": =65(13>< ]ome}~o Id~odbo Qik~bdb+ -Q~}ua~u}ik Kepekq idn Agobae o` Mei~(

Akiqq Qe~q bd Q~epe ]ebagq Sgiqe(Qgb`~bdf Huqba+-Bd~f}ik 6 '9221": 9>2(967$

91Siuk Esq~ebd+ -Si~~e}d Q~}ua~u}e idn S}oaeqq bd Q~epe ]ebagq Sbido Sgiqe+- ^ge

Huqbaik Yui}~e}kr 6=+ do$ > '9270": >2>(53=$

9> Jodi~gid Me}di}n+ -^geo}r+ Idikrqbq+ idn ~ge S}omkeh o` Hbdbhik Huqba+- bd

Aodae}~ Huqba+ ]oal+ idn Jizz Qbdae 92>5: Eqqirq idn Idikr~baik Q~unbeq + en$ Ekbzime~gVeq~ Hi}pbd idn ]bagi}n Ge}hidd ']oageq~e}: Udbpe}qb~r o` ]oageq~e} S}eqq+ 9225": =00$


21/192

5

qsi~bik iss}oiag+ ~goufg vb~gou~ Me}di}nq ewskbab~ aoddea~bod ~o hbdbhikbq~ i}~$95

@bdl

nbqif}eeq vged ge v}b~eq ~gi~ -~ge iqae~ba ò}hikbqh o` hbdbhikbq~ huqba qbhskr moudaeq

mial o`` ~ge ò}hikbq~ iqae~babqh o` 9203q pbquik i}~+ gbfgkr(sokbqgen hb}}o}q }e`kea~bdf eiag

o~ge}q auk~u}ik ehs~bdeqq bd bd`bdb~e idikr~baik }ef}eqq$-90

B~ bq akei} ~gi~ hbdbhikbqh s}eqed~q

i agikkedfe bd ~e}hq o` idikrqbq$ ^ge n}ihi~ba }enua~bod o` huqbaik hi~e}bik+ aohmbden vb~g

f}inuik agidfe heidq ~gi~ hoq~ o` ~ge vo}lq qea}e~q i}e kibn mi}e do~ odkr ò} ~ge ~geo}bq~

mu~ ikqo ò} ~ge kbq~ede}$ Vgbke b~ bq soqqbmke ~o `bdn ipedueq bd~o i neese} udne}q~idnbdf o`

~ge huqba+ ~ge}e i}e q~bkk qagoki}q vgo `bdn quag i~~ehs~q ~o me ehs~r idn bdaisimke o`

ineyui~ekr neqa}bmbdf ~ge kbq~edbdf ewse}bedae$

Soq~hbdbhikbqh

Bd qohe }eqsea~q+ hbdbhikbqh+ i~ keiq~ iq b~ viq bd ~ge ki~e 9203q idn ei}kr 9263q+ viq

qgo}~ kbpen$ Mr 9260+96

b~ viq meaohbdf bda}eiqbdfkr akei} ~gi~ aohsoqe}q quag iq Roudf+

]bker+ ]ebag idn Fkiqq ve}e mefbddbdf ~o hope ivir `}oh ~ge q~}ba~ aohsoqb~bodik

~eagdbyueq ~ger gin nepekosen$ Iq ]ebag neqa}bmeq b~+ -Hr ei}kr sbeaeq i}e pe}r akei}

ewihskeq o` i q~}ba~ vo}lbdf(ou~ o` ae}~ibd huqbaik bneiq ~gi~ ve}e dev $ $ $ mu~ odae roupe

95Feo}fe ]oagme}f+ -^ge Q~}ua~u}e o` ^bhe bd Huqba: ^}inb~bodik idn Aod~ehso}i}r

]ihb`bai~bodq idn Aodqeyuedaeq+- bd ^ge Q~unr o` ^bhe BB+ en$ J$^$ @}iqe} idn D$ Kiv}edae

'Dev Ro}l: Qs}bdfe}(Pe}kif+ 9265"+ 910(9>2< E}bl Ag}bq~edqed+ ^ge Huqbaik ^bheqsiae: I

^geo}r o` Kbq~edbdf+ Pok$ B 'Iikmo}f: Iikmo}f Udbpe}qb~r S}eqq+ 9220"$

90 @bdl+ 97$

96So~~e}+ 90$ ôh Jogdqod kblevbqe ab~eq 9260 iq i rei} o` agidfe bd gbq i}~bake+ -^ge

Rei}q o` Bddopi~bod Siqq Od- bd ^ge Pobae o` Dev Huqba 'Ebdngoped: Isokkogubq+ 9272"+

\SN@ pe}qbod odkbdeX g~~s://vvv$enb~bodq65$aoh/Moolq/^gePobaeO`DevHuqba$SN@

'iaaeqqen 92 Hir =393": 996(992$


22/192

0

node ~gi~ ò} i vgbkerou aid~ v}b~e ~ge qihe sbeae ope} idn ope} ifibd$ ^ge i}~bq~q B

inhb}e i}e ~ge odeq ~gi~ hope od$-97

Fkiqq ~ileq ~ge bnei eped ù}~ge} mr }ejea~bdf ~ge ~e}h

hbdbhikbq~ iq b~ bq isskben ~o gbq ki~e} vo}lq$

B ~gbdl ~gi~ vo}n qgoukn me q~ihsen ou~) ô aikk b~ -hbdbhikbq juq~ i

hbq~ile$ ^gbq ~eagdbyue bq aisimke o` qusso}~bdf huqba o` }bagdeqq idnpi}be~r$ B` rou i}e ~iklbdf imou~Huqba bd @b`~gq+ olir$ B` rou vid~ ~o ~ikl

imou~ Pbokbd Sgiqe+ olir$ Mu~ b` rou vid~ ~o ~ikl imou~ ~ge vo}lq vgbag gipe

aod~bduen ~geqe bneiq+ b~q do~ i~ ikk id iss}os}bi~e ~e}h$92

^gbq qgb`~ viq qum~ke idn do~ qo huag id bhhenbi~e nesi}~u}e `}oh ~ge s}epbouq q~}ba~deqq o`

hbdbhikbq~ s}oaeqq qo huag iq id bdakuqbod o` s}epbouqkr defkea~en huqbaik ekehed~q+ innbdf

i }bagdeqq idn pi}be~r ~o ~ge huqba$ ^geqe ekehed~q aodqbq~en o` hekonba ehsgiqbq+

ewsko}i~bod o` ~ew~u}eq+ idn+ se}gisq hoq~ bhso}~id~kr+ -~ge i}}bpik o` i lbdn o` gi}hodba

ho~bod$-=3

^gbq agidfe viq do~ odkr bhso}~id~ ò} ~ge huqba o` ~geqe aohsoqe}q+ mu~ ikqo

id~babsi~en ~ge soq~hbdbhikbq~ hopehed~ ~gi~ mefid odkr i èv rei}q ki~e}$

^ge ~e}h soq~hbdbhikbqh viq `b}q~ uqen mr idn isskben ~o ~ge vo}lq o` Jogd Inihq$

Iq Inihq v}b~eq imou~ gbq Sg}rfbid Fi~eq '9266"+ -Bdqoì} iq ~ge sbeae bdao}so}i~en i

q~einr sukqe idn u~bkbzen }ese~b~bod idn i qkovkr epokpbdf gi}hodba }gr~gh+ ode aoukn

akiqqb`r b~ iq i hbdbhikbq~ aohsoqb~bod+ mu~ b~q ò}hik idn n}ihi~ba neqbfd viq ~ge qrq~ehi~ba

97 Q~epe ]ebag+ -Qeaodn Bd~e}pbev vb~g Hbagiek Drhid+- bd V}b~bdfq od Huqba:

9205(=333 'Dev Ro}l: Owò}n Udbpe}qb~r S}eqq+ =33="+ 2>$

92^bh Sife+ -Nbikofue Vb~g Sgbkbs Fkiqq idn Q~epe ]ebag '9273"+- V}b~bdfq od

Fkiqq 'Dev Ro}l: Qagb}he} Moolq+ 9226"+ 53$

=3So~~e}+ 90$


23/192

6

nbq}us~bod o` hbdbhikbqhq uquik }efuki}b~beq$-=9

I~ ~ge hoq~ miqba kepek+ Inihqq q~i~ehed~

bq id ewaekked~ q~i}~bdf sobd~ ò} udne}q~idnbdf soq~hbdbhikbqh$ ^gi~ bq+ soq~hbdbhikbq~

aohsoqb~bodq nehodq~}i~e ~ge hbdbhikbq~ bd`kuedae iq ae}~ibd s}oaeqqeq o} ieq~ge~ba pikueq

i}e `}eekr bdao}so}i~en vb~g i aohsoqe}q se}qodik q~rke$ Bd 9266(67+ Vbkkbih Nualvo}~g

aohsoqen gbq ^bhe Au}pe S}ekuneq+ vgbag Lrke Fidd i}fueq bq ~ge `b}q~ soq~hbdbhikbq~ sbeae

v}b~~ed$==

^geqe ~ved~r(òu} qgo}~ sbido vo}lq ikqo mo}}oven hidr yuikb~beq idn ~eagdbyueq

`}oh hbdbhikbqh+ mu~ Nualvo}~g mkednen ~geqe vb~g o~ge} huqbaik bd`kuedaeq+ eped ~o i

f}ei~e} ew~ed~ ~gid Inihq nbn i~ ~ge ~bhe$

Hoq~ qagoki}qgbs aodae}dbdf soq~hbdbhikbqh giq òauqen od nepekosbdf ~ge ~e}h+ iq

~ge fed}e bq q~bkk }eki~bpekr dev$ Nbhb~}b Ae}po+ ~g}oufg idikrqbq o` ~ge ki~e} vo}lq o` ]ebag

idn Fkiqq+ ikodf vb~g sbeaeq mr Inihq+ Drhid+ Idn}beqqed+ idn S}~+ nepekosen ~ge

òkkovbdf ne`bdb~bod o` soq~hbdbhikbqh:

9" Ikk vo}lq nesi}~ `}oh Hbdbhikbqh bd qohe iqsea~ '~eagdbaik+ q~rkbq~ba+eq~ge~baik+ o} ik~ofe~ge}"+ idn eakea~baikkr hbw b~ vb~g o~ge} ~eagdbyueq+

o~ge} q~rkbq~ba ekehed~q+ }eiagbdf o}bfbdik i}~bq~ba }equk~q+ mu~ bd vgbagHbdbhikbqh bq q~bkk èk~$

=" ^ge uqe o` hekonba kbdeq idn hekonba ews}eqqbpedeqq bq o` si}ihoud~bhso}~idae$ Hekonba kbdeq hir iqquhe i hibd }oke bd ~ge aohsoqb~bod+

~ger hir issei} ikode o} vb~g Hbdbhikbq~ ekehed~q vo}lbdf iq i

mialf}oudn iaaohsidbhed~ ò} ~geh$1" ^ge vo}lq i}e i}~bauki~en bd qepe}ik hopehed~q o} qea~bodq+ vb~g nb`è}ed~

~ehsb+ ~gi~ i}e aod~}iq~bdf idn/o} aid me eiqbkr nbq~bdfubqgen `}oh eiag

o~ge}+ m}eilbdf ~ge qedqe o` aod~bdub~r ~rsbaik o` Hbdbhikbq~ vo}lq$=1

=9 Jogd Inihq+ -^ge Hiagbde bd ~ge Fi}ned+- Jogd Inihq: Bd~e}pbevq+ I}~bakeq+Eqqirq+ 1 Hir =336+ g~~s://ei}mow$aoh/bd~e}(hiagbde$g~hk 'iaaeqqen 5 Nea =336"$

== Lrke Fidd+ -Hbdbhik Huqba+ Hiwbhik Bhsia~$-

=1Nbhb~}b Ae}po+ -Soq~(hbdbhikbqh: I Pikbn ê}hbdokofr?-Ba~uq 9 'Nea 9222": >=$


24/192

7

^gbq ne`bdb~bod noeq huag ~o si}e novd hbdbhikbq~(bdqsb}en huqba+ mu~ q~bkk }ehibdq }i~ge}

m}oin$ ^ge bdakuqbod o` hekonba kbdeq bd ~ge ne`bdb~bod bq bhso}~id~ ò} udb`rbdf ~geqe sbeaeq

vgbke nbq~bdfubqgbdf ~geh `}oh hbdbhikbqh+ mu~ eped vb~g ~gi~ nbq~bda~bod ~ge}e bq kb~~ke ~o

quffeq~ gov i soq~hbdbhikbq~ sbeae hbfg~ ùda~bod iqbne `}oh do~ mebdf q~}ba~kr hbdbhikbq~$

Lrke Fidd+ se}gisq ~ge hoq~ s}okb`ba v}b~e} od soq~hbdbhikbq~ huqba+ ewsidnq od

Ae}poq ne`bdb~bod$

Soq~hbdbhikbq~ huqba ~ednq ~o me ~odik+ hoq~kr aodqodid~ 'o} i~ keiq~ depe}

~edqekr nbqqodid~"+ idn miqen od i q~einr sukqe$ ^ge huqba }i}ekr q~}irq `}oh

aodped~bodikkr huqbaik qoudnq+ ik~goufg hidr o` ~ge aohsoqe}q uqe

qrd~geqbze}q$ Soq~hbdbhikbq~ aohsoqe}q ~edn ~o vo}l bd qgo}~e} ò}hq ~gid ~gehbdbhikbq~q+ 95 hbdu~eq }i~ge} ~gid 65 o} 9=3+ idn vb~g ho}e `}eyued~ ~ew~u}ik

pi}be~r$ ^geb} s}eè}}en henbuh bq o`~ed ~ge hbwen agihme} edqehmkesbodee}en mr Fkiqq idn ]ebag+ ~goufg vb~gou~ ~ge hbdbhikbq~ gimb~ o`

edqehmke udbqod$ Kble hoq~ Mi}oyue vo}lq+ ~ge huqba noeq do~ ~edn ~o

agidfe hoon o} hohed~uh vb~gbd i hopehed~$ ^ge huqba hir me meiu~bùk+eho~bpe+ hrq~e}bouq+ eakea~ba< mu~ he}au}bik idn ùkk o` aod~}iq~ b~ bq do~$=>

Vgbke ~gbq ne`bdb~bod foeq huag ho}e bd~o ~ge ieq~ge~ba s}ose}~beq o` soq~hbdbhikbq~ huqba+

do~ ikk soq~hbdbhikbq~ sbeaeq vbkk qgi}e ikk o` ~geqe yuikb~beq$ Mr uqbdf vo}nq quag iq -~edn-

idn -s}eè}}en+- Fidd bq leesbdf ~gbq ne`bdb~bod nekbme}i~ekr osed qo iq do~ ~o ewakune ~oo

hidr sbeaeq$ Bd nobdf qo+ govepe}+ ge bq ikqo mebdf ho}e neqa}bs~bpe idn keqq ne`bdb~bpe$

Ae}~ibdkr+ soq~hbdbhikbq~ huqba bq nb``bauk~ ~o ne`bde$ Bd o}ne} ~o me ho}e imqoku~e+

Ae}po huq~ kbhb~ gbhqek` ~o ~g}ee ew~}ehekr m}oin iqsea~q o` soq~hbdbhikbqh+ idn bd o}ne} ~o

me~~e} agi}ia~e}bze soq~(hbdbhikbqh+ Fidd bq ò}aen ~o me keqq imqoku~e$ Quag nb``bauk~r hir

gipe aiuqen i qkove} iaaes~idae o` ~ge ~e}h mr qohe quag iq Jodi~gid Me}di}n+ vgo v}b~eq+

=> Lrke Fidd+ -Hbdbhik Huqba+ Hiwbhik Bhsia~$- @o} ewihskeq o` soq~hbdbihkbq~

huqba+ qee Fiddq -Nbqaof}isgr o` Soq~hbdbhik+ ô~ikbq~+ idn ]i}e Hbdbhikbq~ Huqba+-

g~~s://vvv$lrkefidd$aoh/soq~hbdbhiknbqa$g~hk 'iaaeqqen 9 Iuf =393"$


25/192

2

-Vgbke soq~hbdbhikbqh qeehq ~o heid qohe~gbdf+ bd ~ge edn b~ aid odkr qe}pe iq i skiae

hi}le} ò} ho}e s}eabqe ~e}hq+ ~ge aohbdf o` vgbag s}omimkr ivib~q f}ei~e} gbq~o}baik

se}qsea~bpe od ~gbq se}bon$-=5

Q~bkk+ ~ge qgi}en ieq~ge~ba yuikb~beq idn aohsoqb~bodik

~eagdbyueq me~veed hbdbhikbq~q idn soq~hbdbhikbq~q+ ikodf vb~g ~ge do~en nb`è}edaeq

me~veed ~ge ~vo+ quffeq~q i~ ~ge pe}r keiq~ ~gi~ ~ge aodaes~ o` soq~hbdbhikbqh }eyub}eq

ù}~ge} ewsko}i~bod$

^geo}e~baik idikrqbq o` soq~hbdbhikbq~ vo}lq }ehibdq kbhb~en+ idn ~geqe ~edn ~o me

ò}hikbq~+ iq Yubdd voukn neqa}bme ~ge ~e}h+ iq ossoqen ~o n}ivbdf od o~ge} nbqabskbdeq quag

iq Me}di}n idn @bdl gipe node vb~g hbdbhikbqh$ Do~imke sumkbqgen ewihskeq o` quag

idikrqeq i}e Inih M$ Qbkpe}hidq idikrqbq o` Vbkkbih Nualvo}~gq Qou~ge}d Gi}hodr+

Vik~e} @}idlq ~geqbq od Nualvo}~gq ^bhe Au}pe S}ekuneq idnBhifbdi}r Nidaeq+ idn Jogd

Qokohodq nbqqe}~i~bod od ~ge sbido huqba o` Jiheq Qekki}q$=0 Lrke Fidd giq ikqo node

qepe}ik qgo}~ idikrqeq o` soq~hbdbhikbq~ huqba od gbq mkof+ Soq~Akiqqba+ iq bd gbq i}~bake

=5 Jodi~gid I$ Me}di}n+ -Hbdbhikbqh+ Soq~hbdbhikbqh+ idn ~ge ]equ}fedae o`

ôdikb~r bd ]eaed~ Ihe}baid Huqba+-Ihe}baid Huqba =9+ do$ 9 'Qs}bdf =331": 913$

Ehsgiqbq bq ~ge iu~go}q ovd$ Me}di}n o`è}q gbq ovd a}b~e}bi ò} soq~hbdbhikbq~ aohsoqe}q+mu~ noeq do~ fo merodn q~i~bdf ~gi~ quag huqba huq~ nehodq~}i~e ~ge akei} bd`kuedae o`

hbdbhikbqh+ eb~ge} `}oh ~ge aohsoqe}q ei}kbe} vo}lq o} `}oh ~ge gebfg~ o` hbdbhikbq~

aohsoqb~bod$ Re~ mr ~ge yuo~en q~i~ehed~ ge inhb~q ~gi~ gbq ovd a}b~e}bi idn ~geb}isskbai~bodq i}e bdaohske~e idn do~ ne`bdb~bpe$ Kblevbqe+ gbq }ejea~bod o` ~ge isskbai~bod o`

~ge ~e}h ~o aohsoqe}q quag iq Jidbae Fb~eal+ Hi}r Jide Keiag+ idn Me~g Idne}qod

'aohsoqe}q vgoh Fidd bdakuneq ewskbab~kr bd o~ge} v}b~bdfq" bq miqen od vgi~ ge inhb~q ~ome qumjea~bpe bd~e}s}e~i~bod o` ~ge kepek o` hbdbhikbq~ bd`kuedae idn do~ od idr o~ge} ieq~ge~ba

o} ùda~bodik a}b~e}bi$

=0Inih M$ Qbkpe}hid+ -Q~rkbq~ba Aohmbdi~bod idn He~gonbaik Aodq~}ua~bod bd

Vbkkbih Nualvo}~gq Qou~ge}d Gi}hodr+- Aod~ehso}i}r Huqba ]epbev =3 '=339": >5(52

Ho}eope}+ ~ge aodaes~q o` -meò}e- idn -i`~e}+- vgbag i}e bdge}ed~

hidr bhskbai~bodq bd idn o` ~gehqekpeq$ ^ger i}e uqen bd ~gbq aod~ew~ s}bhi}bkr meaiuqe

~ger i}e+ ne`bden mr Siqke} bd ~ge aod~ew~ o` huqba qseab`baikkr bd ~e}hq o` bd~e}ia~bod vb~g~ge siq~+ s}eqed~+ idn ù~u}e+ ~guq hilbdf ~geh isskbaimke ge}e$

19]oagme}f+ 9>1$

1= L}ihe}+ =3$

11Bmbn+ =5$

1> M}ed~ N$ Qkbè+ ^bhe idn Sqragokofbaik Ewskidi~bod 'Ikmidr: Q~i~e Udbpe}qb~r o`

Dev Ro}l S}eqq+ 9221"+ =5$


31/192

95

~o heho}r idn ~ge hbdn+15

i}e qo sove}ùk ~gi~ qohe gipe i}fuen ~gi~ ~bhe b~qek` qgoukn me

aodqbne}en idbqo~}osba$10

Q~bkk+ b~ bq do~ juq~ ~ge nb}ea~bod o` ~bhe ~gi~ bq bhso}~id~ bd L}ihe}q

ne`bdb~bod+ mu~ ikqo ~ekeokofr~gi~ vgi~ bq mebdf gei}n bd ~ge s}eqed~ bq qohevgi~ ne`bden mr

eped~q ~gi~ oaau}}en s}epbouqkr idn id~babsi~bod o` ~ge ù~u}e bq mo~g soqqbmke idn bhso}~id~$

F}id~en+ huqbaik kbdei}b~r idn b~q bhskehed~i~bodq gipe pi}ben vbnekr me~veed e}iq o` huqba

gbq~o}r idn eped bdnbpbnuik aohsoqe}q+ aiuqbdf L}ihe} idn o~ge}q ~o aodqbne} qepe}ik

qumqseabeq o` kbdei} ~bhe bd ~geb} idikrqeq$ Re~ eped vb~g quag pi}bidae+ kbdei}b~r bq qo

ed~}edagen bd Veq~e}d huqba ~gi~ b~ bq bd hidr virq ~ge ne ìa~o se}qsea~bpe vged b~ aoheq

~o kbq~edbdf+ se}ò}hidae+ idikrqbq+ idn eped aohsoqb~bod$

Pe}~baik ^bhe

Vgbke kbdei}b~r }ehibden nohbdid~ bd dbde~eed~g aed~u}r aohsoqb~bodq+ aohsoqe}q

ve}e hopen ivir `}oh ~gbq do}h iq ~ge aed~u}r n}ev ~o i akoqe quag iq bd Vifde}q

-S}ekune- ~oNiq ]gebdfokn+ vb~g b~q ew~ednen osedbdf E(`ki~ ago}n+ idn Qi~beq Pewi~bodq+

vb~g b~q ew~}ehe }ese~b~bodq$16

Mr ~ge ei}kr ~ved~be~g aed~u}r+ aohsoqe}q mefid ewskbab~kr

~}rbdf ~o ~gvi}~ kbdei}b~r bd i pi}be~r o` virq+17 idn ode o` ~ge `b}q~ ~o nbqauqq ~gbq agidfe viq

Keodi}n Here}+ vgo neqa}bmen quag huqba iq -nb}ea~bodkeqq+ udlbde~ba- idn -id~b(

15

J$ ^$ @}iqe}+ O` ^bhe+ Siqqbod+ idn Ldovkenfe 'S}bdae~od: S}bdae~od Udbpe}qb~r

S}eqq+ 9265"+ =>2$

10 L$ F$ Nedmbfg+ -Bd Neèdqe o`~ge Nb}ea~bod o` ^bhe+- bd ^ge Q~unr o` ^bhe+ enb~enmr J$ ^$ @}iqe}+ @$ A$ Gime} idn F$ G$ Hkke} 'Dev Ro}l: Qs}bdfe}(Pe}kif+ 926=": 956$

16 Q~}balkidn+ 9=>$

17A}bq~edqed+ 53$


32/192

90

~ekeokofbaik$-12

Ge ved~ od ~o v}b~e ~gi~ -meaiuqe b~ s}eqed~q i quaaeqqbod }i~ge} ~gid i

s}of}eqqbod o` eped~q+ ~gbq i}~ bq eqqed~bikkr q~i~ba$ ^ge}e i}e do sobd~q o` aukhbdi~bod o}

òauq$ Ikk eped~q i}e eyuikkr bhso}~id~ idn ~bhe+ iq ve o}nbdi}bkr aodaebpe b~+ nbqqokpeq$

^ge}e bq odkr nu}i~bod$->3

Siqke} kblevbqe }eaofdbzen ~gbq nepekoshed~+ ~goufg vb~gou~ Here}q q~e}d a}b~byueq+

idn mr aod~}iq~bdf b~ vb~g ~ge di}}i~bpe o` aohhod s}ia~bae huqba+ qge nepekosen qepe}ik

akiqqb`bai~bodq ò} ~geqe ~rseq sbeaeq:

Id~bdi}}i~bpeq i}e vo}lq vgbag }ekr od ~ge kbq~ede}q ewsea~i~bod o` di}}i~bpe+

mu~ `}uq~}i~e b~ ~g}oufg aod~bduik bd~e}}us~bod o` i vo}lq ~ehso}ik s}oaeqqeq$$ $ $ Doddi}}i~bpeq i}e vo}lq ~gi~ hir uqe ekehed~q o` di}}i~bpe mu~ vb~gou~

ikkovbdf ~geh ~o ùda~bod iq ~ger voukn bd i di}}i~bpe$ $ $ $ I ~gb}n ~rse o`bddopi~bod \doddi}}i~bpb~rX aodq~b~u~eq vo}lq vb~gou~ di}}i~bpb~r+ ~goqe ~gi~

qgud idr o}fidbzbdf s}bdabske+ vge~ge} id ope}ikk q~}ua~u}e o} s}eo}nibden

qrd~iw+ idn ~ge}emr ~}r ~o e}iqe ~ge }oke o` heho}r$>9

Siqke}q akiqqb`bai~bodq nehodq~}i~e gov aohsoqe}q ~gvi}~en kbdei} ~bhe bd piq~kr nb`è}ed~

virq$ Q~}ipbdqlr idn Q~oalgiuqed ~}ednen ho}e ~ovi}n id~bdi}}i~bpeq+ vgbag L}ihe} }eè}q

~o iq -huk~bskr(nb}ea~en ~bhe- o} -hohed~ ~bhe+->=

vgbke hidr Aife vo}lq hir meq~ me

iqqoabi~en vb~g doddi}}i~bpb~r nue ~o agidae ekehed~q$ Hbdbhikbq~ vo}lq ìkk udne} ~ge

qeaodn akiqqb`bai~bod o` doddi}}i~bpeq+ re~ nue ~o ~geb} q~i}l aod~}iq~ vb~g kbdei} ~bhe+ L}ihe}

foeq merodn Siqke} idn neqa}bmeq ~geqe sbeaeq iq ewbq~bdf bd pe}~baik ~bhe-i qbdfke s}eqed~

12Keodi}n Here}+Huqba+ ~ge I}~q+ idn Bneiq: Si~~e}dq idn S}enba~bodq bd ^ved~be~g(

Aed~u}r Auk~u}e 'Agbaifo: Udbpe}qb~r o` Agbaifo S}eqq+ 9206+ 922>"+ 6=$

>3Here}+ 79$

>9 Siqke}+ =>>(=>7$

>=L}ihe}+ 53(5=$


33/192

96

q~}e~agen ou~ bd~o id edo}houq nu}i~bod+ i so~ed~bikkr bd`bdb~e dov ~gi~ dode~gekeqq èekq kble

id bdq~id~$->1

Meò}e inn}eqqbdf ~ge kbdl me~veed hbdbhikbqh idn pe}~baik ~bhe+ b~ bq bhso}~id~ ~o

udne}q~idn vgi~ hileq pe}~baik ~bhe nbq~bda~ `}oh ~geqe o~ge} pi}be~beq o` kbdei}(~gvi}~bdf

~bhe$ Iq Siqke} ne`bdeq b~+ id~bdi}}b~peq q~bkk }ekr od idn ehskor qohe s}bdabskeq o` kbdei}

huqba+ mu~ eb~ge} ~g}oufg nbqaod~bdub~beq o} aohske~ekr qek`(aod~ibden hohed~q+ ~geqe vo}lq

depe} qe~~ke bd~o i q~idni}n di}}i~bpe q~}ua~u}e$ ^guq heho}r idn ewsea~i~bod }ehibd

qohevgi~ }ekepid~ ~o ~gbq si}~bauki} qseabeq o` ~bhe$ Doddi}}i~bpb~r bq ho}e ilbd ~o pe}~baik

~bhe iq ~ge }ejea~bod o` o}fidbzi~bod hileq heho}r idn ewsea~i~bod b}}ekepid~ ~o i ae}~ibd

nef}ee$ ^ge huqbaik ewse}bedae oaau}q q~}ba~kr bd ~ge s}eqed~ iq eped~q i}e do~ ne~e}hbden mr

idr~gbdf ~gi~ giq aohe s}epbouqkr idn iaau}i~e id~babsi~bod bq do~ }i~bodikkr soqqbmke$ Vgi~

hileq doddi}}i~bpe huqba nbq~bda~ `}oh ~ge pe}~baik ~bhe o` hbdbhikbqh bq ~gi~ bd hbdbhikbqh

heho}r idn ewsea~i~bod }ehibd ki}fekr b}}ekepid~ s}eabqekr meaiuqe eb~ge} b~ bq udagidfbdf

o} b~ bq agidfbdf i~ i pe}r qkov+ s}enba~imke }i~e+ ~guq a}ei~bdf i qedqe o` -~bhekeqqdeqq $ $ $ o}

e~e}dik ~bhe$->>

Pe}~baik ^bhe idn Hbdbhikbqh

^ge aodaes~ o` pe}~baik ~bhe bq o`~ed isskben ~o hbdbhikbqh ki}fekr meaiuqe b~ geksq ~o

}eqokpe i si}inow ~gi~ i}bqeq vgbke kbq~edbdf ~o quag huqba$ Bd id i}~bake `}oh 926=+ ôh

Jogdqod neqa}bmen ~geqe ei}kr vo}lq:

>1 L}ihe}+ 55$

>> Ag}bq~edqed+ >2$


34/192

97

^ge ò}h o` ~geb} \Roudf+ ]ebag+ ]bker idn FkiqqX sbeaeq bq ikvirq `ki~$ ^geri}e do~ bd~e}eq~en bd mubknbdf ~o akbhiweq+ o} bd hidbsuki~bdf ~edqbod idn

}ekiwi~bod+ o} bd vo}lbdf vb~g ki}fe aod~}iq~q o` idr lbdn$ ^ger lees ~geb}

huqba `ki~+ depe} ikkovbdf b~ ~o }bqe o} ìkk imope i ae}~ibd skide$ $ $ $ ^ge ~e}h

-q~i~ba- bq o`~ed uqen bd }eè}edae ~o ~geb} huqba+ qbdae b~ depe} keipeq ~gbq odekepek idn depe} qeehq ~o me hopbdf ~ovi}n idr~gbdf$>5

^ge q~iqbq ~gi~ ge neqa}bmeq ae}~ibdkr qeehq ~o me id iaau}i~e }es}eqed~i~bod o` hbdbhikbq~

huqba+ re~ b~ bq do~ o`~ed kb~e}ikkr q~i~ba o} udagidfbdf$ Mr nepekosbdf ~ge ~e}h -pe}~baik

~bhe+- L}ihe} bq imke ~o neqa}bme ho}e iaau}i~ekr ~ge kbq~edbdf ewse}bedae ~gid Jogdqod$

Meaiuqe bd quag sbeaeq ~ge ho~bod bq udaeiqbdf idn b~q }i~e f}inuik idn

aodq~id~+ idn meaiuqe ~ge}e bq do gbe}i}agr o` sg}iqe q~}ua~u}e+ ~ge ~ehso}ikb~r

bq ho}e pe}~baik ~gid kbdei}$ ^ge ho~bod bq qo aodqbq~ed~ ~gi~ ve koqe idr sobd~o` }eè}edae+ idr aod~ia~ vb~g ìq~e} o} qkove} ho~bod ~gi~ hbfg~ lees uq

ivi}e o` ~ge huqbaq nb}ea~bodikb~r$ ^ge ewse}bedae bq q~i~ba neqsb~e ~geaodq~id~ ho~bod bd ~ge huqba$>0

^ge kbq~edbdf ewse}bedae+ miqen bd pe}~baik ~bhe+ meaoheq ikhoq~ ed~b}ekr s}eqed~(

o}bed~en$ Odae b~ meaoheq ompbouq ~gi~ ~gbq huqba noeq do~ megipe iaao}nbdf ~o ~ge do}hik

ewsea~i~bodq o` aohhod s}ia~bae huqba+ i dev lbdn o` kbq~edbdf ehe}feq+ ode ~gi~ ikkovq ~ge

kbq~ede} ~o òauq `}eekr od nb`è}ed~ iqsea~q o` ~ge huqba vb~g kb~~ke }eqsea~ iq ~o vge}e b~ aihe

`}oh o} vge}e b~ hbfg~ me fobdf$ ^gbq ewse}bedae bq ì} `}oh id i}mb~}i}r e`èa~ o` ~ge

aohsoqb~bodik s}oaeqq+ govepe}+ iq ~ge aohsoqe}q qeeh ~o gipe gin ~gbq ou~aohe

qseab`baikkr bd hbdn$ Iq Sgbkbs Fkiqq v}o~e aodae}dbdf gbqHuqba bd ^vekpe Si}~q '9269(

926>":

^ge huqba bq skiaen ou~qbne ~ge uquik ~bhe(qaike qumq~b~u~bdf i dod(di}}i~bpe

idn ew~ednen ~bhe(qedqe bd b~q skiae$ $ $ $ Vged b~ meaoheq issi}ed~ ~gi~do~gbdf -gissedq- bd ~ge uquik qedqe+ mu~ ~gi~+ bdq~ein+ ~ge f}inuik iaa}e~bod

>5 Jogdqod+ -Ki Hod~e Roudf+ Q~epe ]ebag+ ê}}r ]bker+ idn Sgbkbs Fkiqq$-

>0L}ihe}+ 56$


35/192

92

o` huqbaik hi~e}bik aid idn noeq qe}pe iq ~ge miqbq o` ~ge kbq~ede}q i~~ed~bod+~ged ge aid se}gisq nbqaope} ido~ge} hone o` kbq~edbdfode bd vgbag deb~ge}

heho}r do} id~babsi~bod $ $ $ gipe i skiae bd quq~ibdbdf ~ge ~ew~u}e+ yuikb~r o}

}eikb~r o` ~ge huqbaik ewse}bedae$>6

Do~ odkr nbn aohsoqe}q nekbme}i~ekr qeel ~o hile ~ge q~}ua~u}e idn ekehed~q o` ~geb} huqba

~}idqsi}ed~+ mu~ ~ger ikqo bd~ednen ò} i `}ee ewsko}i~bod o` ~ge huqba iq vekk$

Id udne}q~idnbdf o` pe}~baik ~bhe ikqo geksq ~o ewskibd ~ge nbqqodidae ~gi~ aid oaau}

me~veed ~ge huqbaik ~bhe o` i hbdbhikbq~ aohsoqb~bod idn ~ge ho}e omjea~bpe akoal ~bhe$

Vged edfifen vb~g hbdbhikbq~ huqba+ ~ge kbq~ede} ewse}bedaeq vgi~ giq ik}einr meed

neqa}bmen iq ~bhekeqqdeqq< i qbdfke hohed~ meaoheq ew~ednen ~o id ikhoq~ -bd`bdb~e dov$-

^ge ew~}ehekr f}inuik }i~e o` agidfe vb~g hbdbhikbqh n}ivq i~~ed~bod ~o hbdu~e ne~ibkq+

vgbag bd ~u}d i`èa~q ~ge se}aes~bod o` ~bhe$ Q~eìd Lkebd neqa}bmeq ~ge e`èa~+ -Odae ve

}eaofdbze ~ge pikue o` i hohed~ ve i}e ewse}bedabdf+ ve ~}r ~o qipo} epe}r iqsea~ o` b~$

Qedqe idn heho}r i}e gbfgkr }eaes~bpe+ idn epe}r bhs}eqqbod ~ger imqo}m qkovq novd ~ge

~bhe ve i}e ewse}bedabdf$ ^ge e`èa~ bq eped ho}e n}ihi~ba vged ve òauq od ~ge pe}r

qhikkeq~ agidfeq$->7

Hbagiek @kige}~r+ ~g}oufg q~unbeq od ik~e}en ewse}bedae o` ~bhe giq

ne}bpen `bpe qeyued~bik ìa~o}q aohhod ~gi~ s}onuae ~gbq e`èa~+ vgbag ge }eè}q ~o iq

s}o~}ia~en nu}i~bod$

@b}q~+ ~ge}e bq i aod~ew~ ~gi~ bq agi}ia~e}bzen mr ew~}ehe ab}auhq~idaeq$ ^ge

qb~ui~bodq ~gi~ edfedne} s}o~}ia~en nu}i~bod ìkk bd~o ode o` ~vo ai~efo}beq:~goqe vb~g uduquikkr gbfg kepekq o` ope}~ ia~bpb~r+ idn ~goqe vb~g uduquikkr

kov kepekq o` ope}~ ia~bpb~r$ $ $ $ Qeaodn+ vged seoske i}e aod`}od~en vb~g

ew~}ehe ab}auhq~idaeq+ ~ger ewse}bedae id bda}eiqen eho~bodik aodae}d ò}

>6Vbh He}~edq+ 62$

>7 Q~eìd Lkebd+ ^ge Qea}e~ Sukqe o` ^bhe+ ~}idq$ Qgekkr @}bqag 'Dev Ro}l: Hi}kove

idn Ao$+ =330"+ 07(02$


36/192

=3

udne}q~idnbdf ~ge di~u}e o` ~geb} qb~ui~bod$ $ $ $ Bd o~ge} vo}nq+ ~ge bdnbpbnuikai}eq neeskr imou~ ~ge qb~ui~bod idn gbq o} ge} skiae bd b~$ ^gb}n+ ~ge qgoal o`

~}idqb~bod ~o ew~}ehe ab}auhq~idaeq gebfg~edq aofdb~bpe bdpokpehed~vb~g qek`

idn qb~ui~bod$ $ $ $ @ou}~g+ gebfg~eden se}qsbaiab~r ~ovi}nq odeq ovd

qumjea~bpb~r idn qu}}oudnbdfq fede}i~eq q~bhukuq aohskewb~r eped b` ~ge qe~~bdfbq do~ agi}ia~e}bzen mr i veik~g o` ope}~ ia~bpb~r$ $ $ $ @b`~g+ bda}eiqen q~bhukuq

aohskewb~r `bkkq q~idni}n udb~q o` ~ehso}ikb~r vb~g i nedqb~r o` ewse}bedae ~gi~

ì} qu}siqqeq ~geb} do}hik pokuhe o` qedqi~bodq$>2

Bd ~ge aod~ew~ o` ~geqe ìa~o}q+ b~ bq akei} gov hbdbhikbqh bq imke ~o a}ei~e i qedqe o`

s}o~}ia~en nu}i~bod$ ^ge ew~}ehekr kov kepek o` ope}~ ia~bpb~r edaou}ifeq i gebfg~eden

ivi}edeqq+ si}~bauki}kr o` qhikk ne~ibkq+ vgbag bd ~u}d a}ei~eq i qedqe o` ~bhe kedf~gedbdf$

^gbq bd~e}s}e~i~bod o` pe}~baik ~bhe bd hbdbhikbqh+ govepe}+ qeehq ~o aod~}inba~ i

aohhod ewse}bedae~gi~ i aohsoqb~bod èekq iq ~goufg b~ viq ì} qgo}~e} ~gid ~ge akoal

bdnbai~eq+ do~ kodfe} iq s}o~}ia~en nu}i~bod hbfg~ bdnbai~e$ @kige}~r }eè}q ~o ~gbq e`èa~ iq

~ehso}ik aohs}eqqbod+ idn do~eq ~gi~ b~ bq su}ekr -i ìae~ o` }e~}oqsea~bod$ Bd aod~}iq~ vb~g

s}o~}ia~en nu}i~bod idn qrdag}odbab~r+ mo~g o` vgbag i}e s}bhi}bkr sgedohedi o` ~ge s}eqed~+

~ehso}ik aohs}eqqbod bq udbyuekr iqqoabi~en vb~g ~ge siq~$-53 Idr~bhe rou hile id

epikui~bod o` gov huag ~bhe giq siqqen+ b~ }eyub}eq i }eaokkea~bod o` ~ge siq~+ do~ id

ewse}bedae o` ~ge s}eqed~$ B~ bq do~ qu}s}bqbdf+ fbped ~ge }enuaen ia~bpb~r vb~gbd ~ge ki}fe ~bhe

qsid o` i hbdbhikbq~ aohsoqb~bod+ ~gi~ b~ èekq iq ~goufg kb~~ke ~bhe giq ia~uikkr ekisqen vged

epikui~en i`~e}vi}nq+ eped vged ~ge ewse}bedae o` ~ge s}eqed~ nu}bdf ~ge sbeae èk~

ekodfi~en$ O~ge} ~rseq o` sbeaeq ~gi~ s}onuae pe}~baik ~bhe no do~ deaeqqi}bkr s}onuae ~gbq

qihe aohmbdi~bod o` s}o~}ia~en nu}i~bod idn ~ehso}ik aohs}eqqbod+ hilbdf ~gbq

>2Hbagiek F$ @kige}~r+I Vi~agen So~: Gov Ve Ewse}bedae ^bhe 'Dev Ro}l: Dev

Ro}l Udbpe}qb~r S}eqq+ 9222"+ 29(25$

53@kige}~r+ 93>$


37/192

=9

aohmbdi~bod i nbq~bda~ agi}ia~e}bq~ba o` hbdbhikbqh$ L}ihe} neqa}bmeq i gissedbdf bd vgbag

hidr nb`è}ed~ ~rseq o` ewse}bedaeq+ huqbaik idn o~ge}vbqe+ ve}e s}eqed~en qbhuk~ideouqkr+

a}ei~bdf id -ew~}ipifid~ ehmonbhed~ o` pe}~baik ~bhe$ $ $ \Re~X vgi~ gin qeehen kble i ~vo(

gou} se}ò}hidae huq~ gipe kiq~en udne} =5 hbdu~eq$-59

^ge}eò}e+ vgbke mo~g ~ge pe}~baik

~bhe o` hbdbhikbqh idn ~gbq gissedbdf s}onuaen s}o~}ia~en nu}i~bod+ odkr hbdbhikbqh ikqo

a}ei~en i qedqe o` ~ehso}ik aohs}eqqbod bd }e~}oqsea~$

^bhe idn Soq~hbdbhikbqh

^ge udne}q~idnbdf o` ~bhe bd soq~hbdbhikbq~ huqba bq qohevgi~ ~}balbe} fbped ~ge

bd`kuw o` pi}bouq bd`kuedaeq bd innb~bod ~o hbdbhikbqh$ He~}ba idn }gr~ghba gbe}i}agbeq+

hekonba bhskbai~bodq+ gi}hodba ho~bod+ idn sg}iqbdf idn ò}h+ vgbag ikk aid aod~}bmu~e ~o

kbdei} ~bhe+ i}e agi}ia~e}bq~ba o` soq~hbdbhikbq~ huqba ikodfqbne hidr o` ~ge agi}ia~e}bq~baq

~gi~ a}ei~en pe}~baik ~bhe bd hbdbhikbqh$ ^ge bhskbai~bodq o` ~geqe kbdei} ekehed~q ~edn ~o me

veil+ dod(~ekeokofbaik+ idn bde`èa~uik$ Di~u}ikkr+ ~gbq aohmbdi~bod a}ei~eq i s}omkeh vged

~}rbdf ~o neqa}bme ~ge kbq~edbdf ewse}bedae$ ^ge aohmbdi~bod o` huqbaik ekehed~q ~gi~

fede}i~e eb~ge} kbdei} o} pe}~baik ~bhe aid a}ei~e hohed~q ~gi~ hir ia~bpi~e heho}r idn

ewsea~i~bod+ ~ge siq~ idn u~u}e+ odkr ~o ki~e} ~gvi}~ ~gi~ bd~e}s}e~i~bod ed~b}ekr$ Vgbke b~ bq

soqqbmke ~o i}fue ~gi~ hoq~ soq~hbdbhikbq~ sbeaeq a}ei~e i qedqe o` kbdei} ~bhe nue ~o ~ge

}equ}fedae o` ~geqe ekehed~q+ b~ bq do~ deaeqqi}bkr ~ge meq~ vir ~o udne}q~idn ~geqe sbeaeq idn

~ge huqbaik ~bhe ~ger a}ei~e$ ô iagbepe i ho}e iaau}i~e udne}q~idnbdf voukn }eyub}e i

aohmbdi~bod o` kbdei} idn pe}~baik ~bhe ewse}bedae+ eb~ge} aohmbden iq i grm}bn o} od

nb`è}ed~ gbe}i}agbaik kepekq+ vgbag bq nb``bauk~ fbped ~gi~ ~geqe ~vo ~e}hq qeeh ~o me hu~uikkr

59 L}ihe}+ 173$


38/192

==

ewakuqbpe~gi~ idr kbdei}b~r deaeqqi}bkr defi~eq ~ge soqqbmbkb~r ~gi~ i sbeae hir ewbq~ bd

pe}~baik ~bhe$

^geqe ~e}hq i}e aodqbne}imkr ho}e `kubn ~gid ~ger qeeh+ govepe}+ s}eabqekr meaiuqe

~bhe bq nb}ea~kr }eki~en ~o se}qodik ewse}bedae$ Iq Biddbq Wedilbq idn ]ome}~i M}ovd v}b~e+

~bhe -giq qbfdb`bai~bod odkr bd }eki~bod ~o ~ge se}qod vgo omqe}peq+-5= idn ~ge}eò}e+ iq J$ ^$

@}iqe} aodakuneq+ -~bhe }eùqeq ~o aodò}h ~o ~ge kiv o` aod~}inba~bod$-51

B` ~bhe bq do~

moudn mr ~ge kiv o` aod~}inba~bod+ ~ged b~ bq soqqbmke ò} mo~g kbdei} idn pe}~baik ~bhe ~o ewbq~

qbhuk~ideouqkr bd i qbdfke sbeae o` huqba$ L}ihe} ialdovkenfeq ~gbq do~bod vged ge v}b~eq

~gi~ -~geqe ai~efo}beq o` ~bhe i}e do~ aohskehed~i}r< ~ger i}e do~ ikvirq aohsi}imke< ~ger

}einbkr ope}kis< idn+ meaiuqe ~bhe bq ewehs~ `}oh ~ge kiv o` aod~}inba~bod+ ~ger aid

aoewbq~$-5>

^gbq ìa~ hir qeeh aoud~e}bd~ub~bpe+ mu~ mr ikkovbdf i ho}e `kewbmke

bd~e}s}e~i~bod idn ope}kissbdf o` ~geqe qeehbdfkr nbqa}e~e ai~efo}beq o` ~bhe b~ bq soqqbmke ~o

fibd i f}ei~e} udne}q~idnbdf o` gov soq~hbdbhikbq~ sbeaeq a}ei~e huqbaik ~bhe$

Quag idikrqeq o` soq~hbdbhikbq~ huqba voukn }eyub}e id udne}q~idnbdf o` ~ge qseab`ba

huqbaik ekehed~q ~gi~ a}ei~e kbdei} ~bhe idn ~goqe ~gi~ a}ei~e pe}~baik ~bhe '~ge ki~~e} o` vgbag

giq meed ki}fekr defkea~en bd kb~e}i~u}e" ~o inn}eqq idr soqqbmke bd~e}ia~bodq me~veed ~ge ~vo$

^gbq idikr~baik iss}oiag giq bhso}~id~ bhskbai~bodq ò} hbdbhikbq~ huqba iq vekk$ @o}

5=Biddbq Wedilbq idn ]ome}~i M}ovd+ -Aodae}dbdf ^bhe- Se}qsea~bpeq o` Dev

Huqba+ Pok$ =6+ Do$ 9 'Vbd~e}+ 9272": 76$

51 @}iqe}+ >5$ I}bq~o~ke+ ~ge `b}q~ ~o ~}r ~o s}ope ~ge kiv o` aod~}inba~bod+ ne`bdeq b~ iqquag: -^ge qihe i~~}bmu~e aiddo~ i~ ~ge qihe ~bhe mekodf idn do~ mekodf ~o ~ge qihe qumjea~

bd ~ge qihe }eqsea~s}equssoqbdf+ o` aou}qe+ quag yuikb`bai~bodq iq hir me deaeqqi}r ~ofui}n ifibdq~ kofbaik omjea~bodq$- I}bq~o~keq He~isgrqbaq+ ~}idq$ Jogd Vi}}bdf~od 'Ikaeq~e}:

]ein moolq+ =336"+ 9=1$

5> L}ihe}+ 7$


39/192

=1

bdq~idae+ b` i s}oaeqq(n}bped hbdbhikbq~ aohsoqb~bod qe~q us koaikbzen akbhiweq o}

ewsea~i~bodq vgbke ikqo gipbdf ki}fe(qaike akoqu}e+ b~ voukn mr q~}ba~ ne`bdb~bod do kodfe} me

a}ei~bdf pe}~baik ~bhe$ Re~+ b` vb~gbd ~ge qihe sbeae ~ge }ese~b~bod+ kbhb~en huqbaik hi~e}bik+

idn ew~}ehekr qkov s}of}eqqbod a}ei~en id ope}ikk e`èa~ o` id ew~ednen s}eqed~+ b~ voukn

gi}nkr hile qedqe ~o defi~e b~q pe}~baikb~r eped b` ~ge}e hir me i èv kbdei} ekehed~q vb~gbd

~ge sbeae$ ^ge}eò}e+ b~q huqbaik ~bhe hir me kbdei} od ode gbe}i}agbaik kepek idn pe}~baik od

ido~ge}+ vgbag bq i aodqbne}imkr ho}e aohske~e neqa}bs~bod o` ~ge kbq~edbdf ewse}bedae ~gid

~}rbdf ~o udne}q~idn ~ge sbeae ~g}oufg ~ge kedq o` odkr ode qseabeq o` ~bhe$

^ge}eò}e+ fbped ~gi~ ~bhe bq do~ qumjea~ ~o ~ge kiv o` aod~}inba~bod idn ~gi~ kbdei} idn

pe}~baik ~bhe aid aoewbq~ vb~gbd i qbdfke sbeae+ b~ bq a}uabik ~gi~ ~gbq soqqbmke bd~e}ia~bod me

aodqbne}en vged idikrzbdf ~ge huqbaik ~bhe a}ei~en mr hbdbhikbq~ idn soq~hbdbhikbq~

sbeaeq$ Bd nobdf qo+ b~ vbkk meaohe akei} ~gi~ vgbke mo~g fed}eq o`~ed bd~e}ia~ vb~g kbdei} idn

pe}~baik ~bhe+ ~ge huqbaik ~bhe a}ei~en mr eiag bq nbq~bda~+ vgbag ù}~ge} i}~bauki~eq ~ge

nb`è}edaeq me~veed ~ge ~vo$ Ho}eope}+ ~gbq idikr~baik iss}oiag bq ikqo aisimke o`

neqa}bmbdf ~ge }bagdeqq o` ~ge kbq~edbdf ewse}bedae a}ei~en ~g}oufg quag qbhske huqbaik

heidq$

ô ~gbq edn+ b~ vbkk `b}q~ me deaeqqi}r ~o ne`bde vgi~ qseab`ba huqbaik ekehed~q

aod~}bmu~e ~o pe}~baik ~bhe bd hbdbhikbqh ~g}oufg idikrqbq o` ei}kr lermoi}n sbeaeq mr ]bker+

]ebag+ idn Fkiqq bd Agis~e} =$ ^ge }equk~q ~geqe idikrqeq vbkk ~ged me bdao}so}i~en bd~o i

ki}fe(qaike ewsko}i~bod o` ôh JogdqodqId Gou} ò} Sbido '9269" bd Agis~e} 1+

nehodq~}i~bdf ~ge soqqbmbkb~beq o` bd~e}ia~bod vb~g kbdei} ~bhe bd i sbeae ~gi~ bq

ope}vgekhbdfkr pe}~baik$ û}dbdf ~o soq~hbdbhikbqh bd Agis~e} >+ bdnbpbnuik ekehed~q o`


40/192

=>

kbdei}b~r i}e aodqbne}en iq ~ger i}e ho}e s}ohbded~ bd ~gbq fed}e+ mu~ i}e q~bkk veileden mr

ekehed~q o` pe}~baikb~r mo}}oven `}oh hbdbhikbqh$ Iq viq node bd Agis~e} 1+ Agis~e} 5

vbkk aod~ibd i ki}fe(qaike idikrqbq o` Nipbn Mo}nedqNoumke So}~}ib~'9276"+ i aohsoqb~bod

~gi~ mefbdq bd dei}(pe}~baik ~bhe+ mu~ f}inuikkr qgb`~q ~o ikhoq~ su}ekr kbdei} ~bhe mr b~q

aodakuqbod$ @bdikkr+ Agis~e} 0 vbkk quhhi}bze ~geqe aodakuqbodq+ }ei``b}hbdf ~ge imbkb~r o`

~gbq idikr~baik iss}oiag ~o neqa}bme iaau}i~ekr idn ho}e `ukkr ~ge kbq~edbdf ewse}bedae o`

hbdbhikbq~ idn soq~hbdbhikbq~ sbeaeq iq vekk iq gbfgkbfg~ ~ge nbq~bda~bpedeqq+ idn ~guq ~ge

}ekepidae+ o` soq~hbdbhikbqh iq i fed}e$


41/192

=5

AGISÊ] =

KBDEI] IDN PE]^BAIK ^BHE BD HBDBHIKBQH

Aohsoqe}q idn ~geo}bq~q ki}fekr if}ee ~gi~ hbdbhikbq~ huqba a}ei~eq pe}~baik ~bhe$

Govepe}+ ~ge qagoki}kr òauq od ~ge a}ei~bod o` pe}~baik ~bhe giq o`~ed ken ~o ~ge ~iab~ mekbe`

~gi~ hbdbhikbq~ huqba noeq do~ èi~u}e kbdei} huqbaik ekehed~q$ Jodi~gid L}ihe} hed~bodq

~ge kial o` sg}iqbdf+ o} i~ keiq~ sg}iqbdf ~gi~ }eùqeq ~o o}fidbze bd~o ki}fekr gbe}i}agbaik

kepekq iq i qu``babed~ aiuqe o` pe}~baik ~bhe$9

ôh Jogdqod neqa}bmeq gov qussoqenkr dod(

hidbsuki~bpe hbdbhikbq~ sbeaeq a}ei~e i pe}~baik kbq~edbdf ewse}bedae vged ge v}b~eq+ -^ger

nbn do~ ~}r ~o hidbsuki~e he o} }bdf idr Sipkopbid mekkq+ idn ~ger nbn do~ q~}uffke ~o gokn hr

i~~ed~bod$ ^ger qbhskr qibn vgi~ ~ger gin ~o qir+ keipbdf he `}ee ~o kbq~ed o} do~ kbq~ed+ idn

}eqsodn bd hr ovd vir$-=

Biddbq Wedilbq idn ]ome}~i M}ovd qbhskr nbqauqq ~ge imqedae o`

agidfe iq qu``babed~ aiuqe$ -B` eped~q ve}e imqoku~ekr qhoo~g vb~gou~ mefbddbdf o} edn+ idn

eped vb~gou~ honb`bai~bod o} se}aes~bmke bd~e}dik }oufgdeqq+ ~bhe voukn kblevbqe `bdn b~qek`

imokbqgen$-1

Se}gisq ~geqe ewskidi~bodq q~eh `}oh ~ge di~u}e o` sbeaeq ~gi~ a}ei~e pe}~baik

9 Jodi~gid L}ihe}+ ^ge ^bhe o` Huqba 'Dev Ro}l: Qagb}he} Moolq+ 9277"+ 55

=^ge ~e}h -pe}~baik kbq~edbdf- bq mo}}oven `}oh Siuk Esq~ebd+ -]e: Soq~hbdbhikbq~

Sbido Sbeaeq$9+- Se}qodik ehibk+ 7 Dopehme} =336< yuo~e `}oh ôh Jogdqod+ -Qg}ennbdf ~geAi}}o~ Akbhiw- bd ^ge Pobae o` Dev Huqba 'Ebdngoped: Isokkogubq+ 9272"+ \SN@ pe}qbod

odkbdeX g~~s://vvv$enb~bodq65$aoh/Moolq/^gePobaeO`DevHuqba$SN@ 'iaaeqqen 92 Hir

=393": 51$


42/192

=0

~bhe+ vgbag o`~ed ewakune huqbaik ekehed~q bd~ef}ik bd aohhod s}ia~bae huqba$ Q~bkk+ ~ge

a}ei~bod o` pe}~baik ~bhe bd hbdbhikbq~ sbido huqba bq do~ iaaohskbqgen mr ohbqqbod odkr+ mu~

ikqo bq a}ei~en ia~bpekr mr }ese~b~bod+ sukqe+ idn iunbmke q~}ua~u}e$

Qou}aeq o` Pe}~baik ^bhe

]ese~b~bod bq -se}gisq ~ge hoq~ q~e}eo~rsbaik iqsea~ o` hbdbhikbq~ huqba+ ~ge ~ednedar

~gi~ iunbedaeq quse}`babikkr iqqoabi~e vb~g b~q q~ual(bd(~ge(f}oope yuikb~r$-> Ode }eiqod qo

hidr aohsoqe}q ehskoren }ese~b~bod bq ~gi~ b~ bq ode o` ~ge hoq~ sove}ùk ~ookq ò}

neq~}orbdf ~}inb~bodik heidbdf bd ìpo} o` a}ei~bdf pe}~baik ~bhe$ Heidbdf+ vge~ge} bd vo}nq

o} bd huqba+ bq geipbkr bd`kuedaen mr ~ge pi}be~r o` aod~ew~q ~gi~ iaaohsidr idr nbikofue$

Iq ~ge òkkovbdf ewihskeq qgov+ }ese~b~bod bq aisimke o` n}iq~baikkr ik~e}bdf ~ge aod~ew~ bd

vgbag ~ge bdò}hi~bod bq }eaebpen$ Bdb~bikkr+ ~ge }eaebpe} ~ileq i si}~bauki} heidbdf `}oh i

qe}beq o` vo}nq o} i huqbaik feq~u}e+ mu~ iq b~ f}inuikkr meaoheq akei} ~gi~ b~ hir me }esei~en

bdne`bdb~ekr+ idr kbdei} bhskbai~bodq meaohe b}}ekepid~$ B~ bq do kodfe} fe}hide ~o id~babsi~e

vgi~ ~ge dew~ sg}iqe 'kbdfubq~ba o} huqbaik" hir me+ idn ~guq ~ge aod~ew~ bq }eo}bed~en `}oh

~ge kbdei} ~o ~ge pe}~baik+ ò}abdf ~ge }eaebpe} ~o aodqbne} ~ge bdò}hi~bod nb`è}ed~kr$

Qepe}ik sbeaeq nehodq~}i~e ~gbq sobd~ ~g}oufg ~geb} uqe o` kidfuife ~o a}ei~e huqbaik

e`èa~+ quag Q~epe ]ebagq Aohe Ou~'9200" idn Nipbn Mo}nedqHuqba '926="$ Aohe Ou~bq

miqen od i }eao}nbdf o` Nidbek Gihh+ vgo gin meed mei~ed bd i Gi}keh sokbae s}eabda~

gouqe$ -B gin ~o kble osed ~ge m}ubqe us idn ke~ qohe o` ~ge m}ubqe mkoon aohe ou~ ~o qgov

1Biddbq Wedilbq idn ]ome}~i M}ovd+ -Aodae}dbdf ^bhe- Se}qsea~bpeq o` Dev Huqba+

Pok$ =6+ Do$ 9 'Vbd~e}+ 9272": 76$

>Lrke Fidd+ -Hbdbhik Huqba+ Hiwbhik Bhsia~+- Dev Huqba Mow+ 9 Dopehme}

=339+ g~~s://vvv$devhuqbamow$o}f/sife$dhmw?bn819~s35 'iaaeqqen 1 Jude =393"$


43/192


44/192

=7

}ese~b~bodq hine ~gi~ b}}ekepid~$ Qbdae ~ge huqbaik hi~e}bik bd ~ge vo}l noeq gipe kbdei}

bhskbai~bodq+ ~gbq meaoheq ~ge neìuk~ kbq~edbdf iss}oiag< b~ bq do~ ud~bk b~ meaoheq epbned~ ~o

~ge kbq~ede} ~gi~ do~gbdf gissedq ~gi~ i pe}~baik kbq~edbdf ewse}bedae aid ~ile ope}$6

Sukqe bq ido~ge} bhso}~id~ fede}i~o} o` pe}~baik ~bhe+ idn b~ bq si}~bauki}kr }ekepid~ ~o

sbido huqba nue ~o ~ge bdq~}uhed~q bdimbkb~r ~o quq~ibd sb~ageq ò} i qbfdb`baid~ ihoud~ o`

~bhe$ Sukqe bq òudn bd ikk aohhod s}ia~bae huqba iq b~ bq deaeqqi}r ò} he~e}$ B~ deen do~ me

ope}~kr s}eqed~ bd ~ge huqba '~goufg b~ o`~ed bq" iq ~ge kbq~ede} aid eiqbkr ne}bpe b~ `}oh ~ge

sbeaeq }gr~ghba o}fidbzi~bod$ Vgi~ nb`è}ed~bi~eq sukqe bd hbdbhikbqh iq ossoqen ~o

aohhod s}ia~bae huqba bq ~gi~ aohsoqe}q i}~bauki~e b~ vb~g i q~einr+ o`~ed bdpi}bid~

}gr~ghb~ noeq do~ ia~ iq i miqekbde ò} gbfge} kepek o` o}fidbzi~bod$ Ho}eope}+ sukqeq i}e

}i}ekr f}ousen merodn ~ge he~}baik kepek+ idn eped ~ged he~}baik ihmbfub~beq i}e do~

udaohhod$ Vb~g ~gbq huqbaik ekehed~ m}oufg~ ~o ~ge ò}e`}od~ idn kbhb~en b~ ~o b~q hoq~

miqba uqeq+ b~ geksq a}ei~e i qedqe o` pe}~baik ~bhe$ -Sukqe idn foik(nb}ea~en hopehed~ epole

~vo lbdnq o` ~ehso}ik ewse}bedae vgbag i}e yuikb~i~bpekr nb`è}ed~$ $ $ $ Aod~bduouq sukqe ~bhe

aid me }eki~en ~o ~ge ohdbnb}ea~bodik ~bhe o` mebdf+ iq aod~bduouq sukqe giq do ne`bdb~e

mefbddbdf idn edn$-7

6Iq He}~edq sobd~q ou~+ -}ese~b~bod bd }ese~b~bpe huqba bq ~eagdbaikkr bned~baik ~o

}ese~b~bod bd ~}inb~bodik huqba$ ^ge odkr nb`è}edae bq ~ge aod~ew~ bd vgbag b~ bq uqen$- ^guq+

}ese~b~bod+ bd o}ne} ~o a}ei~e pe}~baik ~bhe+ huq~ me qu``babed~+ o~ge}vbqe kbdei} ekehed~q i}edo~ ed~b}ekr ~gvi}~en$ Vbh He}~edq+Ihe}baid Hbdbhik Huqba 'Dev Ro}l: Ikewidne}

M}oune+ Bda+ 9271"+ 9=1$

7 E}bl Ag}bq~edqed+ ^ge Huqbaik ^bheqsiae: I ^geo}r o` Kbq~edbdf+ Pok$ B 'Iikmo}f:

Iikmo}f Udbpe}qb~r S}eqq+ 9220"+ 9>+ 53$


45/192

=2

I ~gb}n qou}ae o` pe}~baik ~bhe bd hbdbhikbqh bq iunbmke q~}ua~u}e+ vgbag bq se}gisq

~ge hoq~ bhso}~id~ ìa~o} bd pe}~baik ~bhe a}ei~bod$2

]ese~b~bod idn sukqe i}e eqqed~bikkr

q~i~ba+ qo ~o hibd~ibd pe}~baik ~bhe vgbke q~bkk ikkovbdf ò} qohe kepek o` agidfe }eyub}eq id

iunbmke q~}ua~u}e$ Agidfe aid eiqbkr a}ei~e kbdei} ~bhe+ mu~ vb~g iunbmke q~}ua~u}e ~ge e`èa~q

i}e hbdbhbzen$ ]ebagq q~i~ehed~ ~gi~+ -odae ~ge s}oaeqq bq qe~ us idn koinen b~ }udq mr

b~qek`+-93

bq i di~u}ik `b~ ò} iunbmke q~}ua~u}e+ mu~ o~ge}+ keqq }bfo}ouq sbeaeq q~bkk gipe ~gbq

agi}ia~e}bq~ba$ ôh Jogdqod neqa}bmeq iunbmke q~}ua~u}e iq mebdf vge}e -~ge sb~ageq+

}gr~ghq+ idn aoko}q s}eqed~en bd ~ge `b}q~ èv hbdu~eq uquikkr ne`bde i qseab`ba lbdn o` huqba+

idn ~ge }ehibdne} o` ~ge sbeae vbkk do~ nesi}~ pe}r ì} `}oh ~gi~$-99

I sbeae noeq do~ deen ~o

me aohske~ekr s}enba~imke qo huag iq ~ge hi~e}bik huq~ kbe -}bfg~ od ~ge qu}ìae$-9= ^gbq

kepek o` ~}idqsi}edar ikkovq ~ge kbq~ede} ~o bfdo}e heho}r idn id~babsi~bod idn òauq od ~ge

s}eqed~+ vge}e+ iq Fkiqq v}o~e+ -~ge i~~ed~bod o` \~geX iunbedae bq hibdkr n}ivd ~o ~ge qoudn

b~qek`$-91

Aohsoqe}q uqe i pi}be~r o` heidq ~o iagbepe iunbmke q~}ua~u}e+ ikkovbdf ò} nb`è}ed~

kepekq o` s}enba~imbkb~r iq vekk iq soqqbmke bd~e}ia~bodq vb~g kbdei} ~bhe$ Kblevbqe+ }ese~b~bod

2 Lrke Fidd skiaeq quag bhso}~idae od ~gbq ìa~o} ~gi~ ge eped ne`bdeq hbdbhikbqh iq

-^ge E}i o` Iunbmke Q~}ua~u}e+ 9203(9273+- bd -Hbdbhik Huqba+ Hiwbhik Bhsia~$-

93 Q~epe ]ebag+ -Huqba iq F}inuik S}oaeqq+- bd V}b~bdfq od Huqba: 9205(=333+ 1>$

99ôh Jogdqod+ -Ki Hod~e Roudf+ Q~epe ]ebag+ ê}}r ]bker+ Sgbkbs Fkiqq- bd ^ge

Pobae o` Dev Huqba$

9=Fidd+ -Hbdbhik Huqba+ Hiwbhik Bhsia~$- Fidd eped ewskbab~kr hed~bodq sbeaeq

quag iq ]bkerqBd A'920>" idn FkiqqqEbdq~ebd od ~ge Meiag '9260" iq gipbdf iunbmkeq~}ua~u}e$

91Sgbkbs Fkiqq+ yuo~en bd He}~edq+ 69$


46/192

13

idn sukqe i}e ehskoren bd nbpe}qe virq idn hir i~ ~bheq bd~e}ia~ vb~g ekehed~q o` kbdei}

~bhe$ ^ge}eò}e+ ~geqe ~g}ee ekehed~q aid a}ei~e nb`è}ed~ yuikb~beq o` pe}~baik ~bhe mr

pi}rbdf bhskehed~i~bodq idn bd~e}ia~bod vb~g kbdei} ~bhe+ vgbag aid hoq~ eiqbkr me qeed bd

~g}ee akiqqba sbido vo}lq e}}r ]bkerq Lermoi}n Q~unr do$ 9 '920>"+ Q~epe ]ebagq Sbido

Sgiqe '9200(06" idn Sgbkbs Fkiqqq ^vo Sifeq '9202"$

ê}}r ]bker&q Lermoi}n Q~unr do$ 9

^ge Lermoi}n Q~unbeq qgi}e qbhbki}b~beq vb~g ode o` ê}}r ]bkerq hoq~ vekk ldovd

vo}lq+Bd A'920>"+ iq mo~g }ekr od ekehed~q o` bhs}opbqi~bod idn ~ge uqe o` nbqa}e~e huqbaik

sg}iqeq o} honukeq$ Bd A+ vgbag aodqbq~q o` 51 honukeq ~o me skiren mr id udqseab`ben

edqehmke+ yubalkr meaihe i qehbdik hbdbhikbq~ aohsoqb~bod$ ^ge skire}q hope i~ ~geb} ovd

siae ~g}oufg ~ge aohsoqb~bod+ eped qlbssbdf honukeq+ hilbdf eiag se}ò}hidae udbyue$

Hidr o` ~ge qihe aohsoqb~bodik s}bdabskeq aid ikqo me òudn bd ~ge Lermoi}n Q~unbeq+ idn

vgbke hoq~ ve}e s}ehbe}en od ~ge qihe qe}beq o` aodae}~q iqBd A+ ~ger gipe }eaebpen huag

keqq i~~ed~bod$ ^gbq bq ki}fekr meaiuqe odkr ~ge `b}q~ ~vo o` ~ge Q~unbeq bq ùkkr do~i~en+ idn

eped ~ged ~ge qao}e ò} ~ge `b}q~ giq odkr meaohe vbnekr ipibkimke bd }eaed~ rei}q$ ^ge `b}q~

o` ~ge Lermoi}n Q~unbeq+ vgbag bq ikqo ldovd iq Aouke+9>

bq i qe}beq o` qbw~eed qgo}~ honukeq+

pi}rbdf bd kedf~g `}oh ~g}ee ~o ~vekpe do~eq idn s}eqed~en bd ~g}ee qea~bodq vb~gou~ m}eil$

Honukeq ode+ qeped+ idn ekeped eiag mefbd vb~g i qbw~eed~g(do~e }eq~ qo ~gi~ ~ge se}ò}he}

skirq ~geh qbhuk~ideouqkr vb~g ~ge o~ge} honukeq o` ~ge sbeae+ }esei~bdf ~ge aohmbdi~bodq

9>-I sud od ~ge @}edag vo}n ò} `kovbdf o} fkbnbdf+- Leb~g So~~e}+ @ou} Huqbaik

Hbdbhikbq~q 'Aihm}bnfe: Aihm}bnfe Udbpe}qb~r S}eqq+ =333"+ 9=1$


47/192

19

id bdne`bdb~e duhme} o` ~bheq 'ewihske =$9"$ ^ge o}ne} bd vgbag ~geqe honukeq s}oaeen+

govepe}+ ikkovq ò} i f}ei~ neik o` bhs}opbqi~bod$95

Ewihske =$9$ ê}}r ]bkerq Lermoi}n Q~unr do$ 9 'Qek` sumkbqgen+ ai$ =33="+ honukeq 9(=+ 6(

7+ idn 99(9=$ Honukeq 9+ 6+ idn 99 i}e ~ge s}bhi}r oq~bdi~b ò} ~ge sbeae$ Qao}e ewae}s~s}bd~en vb~g se}hbqqbod+ ê}}r ]bker$

95 So~~e} neqa}bmeq ~ge honukeq iq s}oaeenbdf bd duhe}baik o}ne} miqen od ~ge odkr

qle~ageq ~gi~ ve}e ipibkimke i~ ~ge ~bhe o` sumkbai~bod o`@ou} Huqbaik Hbdbhikbq~q$ ^ge

sumkbqgen qao}e+ ipibkimke qbdae =33=+ aod~ibdq innb~bodik bdq~}ua~bodq usod vgbag ~gbqidikrqbq bq miqen$


48/192

1=

^ge}e i}e òu}~eed se}ò}hidae q~esq ~gi~ ]bker bdakuneq vb~g ~ge qao}e 'o` vgbag

ebfg~ i}e os~bodik" idn uquikkr ~ge se}ò}he} aid agooqe qepe}ik nb`è}ed~ honukeq ~o skir i~

eiag q~es$ Oq~bdi~o honukeq i}e bdb~bikkr aohmbden vb~g o~ge} iaaohsidbhed~ honukeq `}oh

~geb} qea~bod+ b$e$ honuke 9 bq aohmbden vb~g i honuke `}oh =(0+ i`~e} vgbag sobd~ idr o` ~ge

iaaohsidbhed~ik `bfu}eq aid meaohe id oq~bdi~o ~o me sib}en vb~g i nb`è}ed~

iaaohsidbhed~ si~~e}d$ Hi~e}bik `}oh nb`è}ed~ qea~bodq aid ope}kis+ idn ope} ~ge aou}qe o`

~ge sbeae epe}r honuke giq ~ge so~ed~bik ~o me eb~ge} id oq~bdi~o o} iaaohsidbhed~ `bfu}e$

^ge odkr }efuki}b~r ~o ~ge sbeae bq vgbag qea~bodq i}e mebdf gei}n i~ idr fbped ~bhe$ Ge}e+ i

q~}ua~u}e noeq ehe}fe+ vge}e ~ge sbeae nbpbneq bd~o qbw si}~q uqbdf ~ge òkkovbdf qea~bodq: I+

M+ I/M+ A+ I/M/A+ idn oq~bdi~oq ikode$

Eped vb~gbd ~gbq q~}ua~u}e+ pe}~baik ~bhe ki}fekr fope}dq ~ge kbq~edbdf ewse}bedae$ Mr

s}eqed~bdf i aod~bduouq q~}eih o` do~eq vb~g nb`è}ed~ honuke kedf~gq+ ]bker a}ei~eq i f}ei~

neik o` he~}baik ihmbfub~r$ Odkr ~ge honukeq bd ~ge `b}q~ qea~bod i}e ewakuqbpekr f}ousen bd

udb~q o` ~g}ee+ mu~ ~ge eq~imkbqghed~ o` i novdmei~ bq q~bkk nb``bauk~ fbped ~ge o}ne}bdf o`

sb~ageq bd honukeq =(0$ Ho}eope}+ ~ge honukeq bd qea~bodq ~vo idn ~g}ee gipe f}ousbdfq

me~veed ~vo idn òu} do~eq+ ù}~ge} omqau}bdf idr qedqe o` he~e}$ ^gbq f}ousbdf ~ednedar bq

eqseabikkr issi}ed~ bd ~ge ~gb}n qea~bod vge}e ~ge}e i}e `b`~eed do~eq se} honuke+ ikkovbdf ò}

i pi}be~r o` qum(f}ousbdfq$ ^gbq he~}baik ihmbfub~r aohmbden vb~g ~ge aohske~e kial o`

}gr~ghba pi}bi~bod heidq ~gi~ ~ge}e bq do qedqe o` bd~e}skir me~veed }gr~gh idn he~e}+ odkr

aod~bduouq sukqe+ vgbag a}ei~eq pe}~baik ~bhe$ Nipbn Esq~ebd ewskibdq:

^geqe hidr ekehed~qhe~}ba idn }gr~ghba+ o` pi}bouq nef}eeq o` nu}i~bod

idn kepek+ eiag vb~g b~q udbyue qseabeq o` iaaed~+ ikk o` ~geh ù}~ge} edkbpedenmr qu}ìae q~}eqqeqo}h i hi~}bw o` aoo}nbdi~en idn udaoo}nbdi~en

bd~edqb~beq vgoqe f}inui~en nef}eeq o` ~edqbod idn }ekeiqeq o` ~edqbod n}bpe


49/192

11

~ge huqba ò}vi}n$ Bdineyui~ekr eq~imkbqgen+ ~guq bhmikidaen+ ~geqe ò}aeqaiddo~ e`èa~bpekr honuki~e ò}vi}n n}bpe$90

Kblevbqe+ qbdae ~ge qbhbki}b~r bd sb~ag aod~ed~ me~veed honukeq idn bdne`bdb~e }ese~b~bodq o`

q~ife edaou}ifeq kbq~ede} `}eenoh+ ~ge odkr aodq~id~ ~g}oufgou~ ~ge sbeae bq ~ge sukqe$ ^guq+

~ge sbeae eq~imkbqgeq -~bdr ennbeq bd ~ge od`kovbdf aod~bduuh `}oh vgbag idr o~ge} qo}~ o`

q~}eqq+ o} enfe+ bq ewakunen$ Vb~gbd i aohske~ekr q~i~ba huqbaik edpb}odhed~ bq se}se~uik

ho~bod$-96

O~ge} so~ed~bik qou}aeq o` kbdei}b~r+ iqbne `}oh bd~e}skir me~veed }gr~gh idn he~e}+

i}e hekonba idn gi}hodba bhskbai~bodq+ mu~ ~geqe kbdei} ekehed~q i}e ki}fekr imqed~ `}oh

Lermoi}n Q~unbeq do$ 9$ ^ge sbeae uqeq sb~ageq `}oh i ~rse o` Em

qaike+97

mu~ ~ge}e bq do

qbfdb`baid~ hopehed~ ivir `}oh ~gbq ~odik i}ei+ a}ei~bdf i q~}odf qedqe o` q~imbkb~r$ Idr

bhskbai~bodq+ ~o ~ge ew~ed~ ~ger i}e s}eqed~+ i}e miqen od ~ge hopehed~ `}oh honuke

aohmbdi~bodq ~gi~ aod~ibd nbqqodid~ bd~e}pikq ~o aohmbdi~bodq ~gi~ i}e aodqodid~+ mu~ ~ge

bhs}opbqi~o}r di~u}e o` ~ge vo}l heidq ~gi~ ~geqe i}e ke`~ ~o ~ge se}ò}he}q nbqa}e~bod$ Ode

quag ewihske o` kbdei}b~r hbfg~ me bd q~es 99+ vgbag }einq+ -B` idr `bfu}e `}oh kbdeq =(0 bq

skiaen bd ~ge ikbfdhed~ o` aod~bduuh `bfu}e ode+ 'mefbddbdf vb~g i \}eq~X"+ b~ hir me

90Nipbn Esq~ebd+ Qgisbdf ^bhe 'Dev Ro}l: Qagb}he} Moolq+ 9225"+ =6$

96 Hbagiek Drhid+Ewse}bhed~ik Huqba: Aife idn Merodn'Dev Ro}l: Qagb}he}

Moolq+ 926>"+ 9>>(9>5$

97^ge aohske~e qe~ o` sb~ageq bq E

m+ I

m+ M

m+ A+ N

m+ idn N$ Vb~gou~ id @ o} F+ ~ge

qaike aiddo~ me aohske~ekr bned~b`ben+ idn ~ge bdakuqbod o` mo~g ~ge `ki~(qeped~g idn keinbdf

~ode ù}~ge} omqau}eq ~ge ewia~ ~odikb~r$ ^ge juq~b`bai~bod ò} Em iq ~odba bq ~ge q~}odf

ehsgiqbq o` Em

idn Mm

~g}oufgou~ idn ~ge ìa~ ~gi~ ~ge }idfe o` ~ge ed~b}e sbeae bq ode oa~ipe+mo}ne}en mr Emq$


50/192

1>

aohmbden vb~g idr o~ge} `bfu}eq `}oh kbdeq 9=(90$-92

Ge}e honukeq >(0 hbfg~ me aohmbden

vb~g 91+ 9>+ o} 90+ a}ei~bdf q~}odf nbqqodidaeq meò}e }eqokpbdf bd q~es 9= ~o i aohmbdi~bod

o` honukeq 7 idn 95 'qee ewihskeq =$= idn =$1"$ O` aou}qe+ ~ge ossoqb~e e`èa~ bq ikqo

soqqbmke vb~g nb`è}ed~ aohmbdi~bodq o` ~ge qihe ~vo q~esq$ Ho}eope}+ vged ~geqe

bhskbai~bodq no oaau}+ ~ger i}e veileden aodqbne}imkr ~g}oufg ~ge huk~bske }ese~b~bodq o`

eiag honuke+ hilbdf b~ nb``bauk~ ~o aodqbne} idr quag qou}aeq o` kbdei} ~bhe$

Ewihske =$=$ Lermoi}n Q~unr do$ 9+ }eikbzen aohmbdi~bod s}esi}en mr ~ge iu~go} o` honukeq

5 idn 90$ Honuke 5 bq s}eqed~en vb~g akoqen do~e geinq idn honuke 90 vb~g osed do~egeinq$ Honuke 5 bq s}eqed~en `bpe ~bheq idn honuke 90 ~g}ee ~bheq ~o iaaoud~ ò} ~ge

nb`è}edaeq bd kedf~g me~veed ~ge ~vo$ Ikk do~eq i}e di~u}ik udkeqq o~ge}vbqe bdnbai~en$

92 ê}}r ]bker+ Lermoi}n Q~unbeq 'Qek` sumkbqgen+ a$ =33="+ =$


51/192

15

Ewihske =$1$ Lermoi}n Q~unr do$ 9+ }eikbzen aohmbdi~bod o` honukeq 7 idn 95$ Honuke 7 bqs}eqed~en bd akoqen do~e geinq idn honuke 95 bd osed do~e geinq$

I qbhbki} s}omkeh i}bqeq vged aodqbne}bdf idr kbdei} bhskbai~bodq o` ~ge vo}lq ò}h$

Vgbke ikk ~g}ee qea~bodq gipe qkbfg~kr nb`è}ed~ sb~ag aokkea~bodq `}oh ode ido~ge}+ idikrqbq

aodae}dbdf hopehed~ `}oh ode q~es ~o ido~ge} aiddo~ me ineyui~ekr }eikbzen meaiuqe do~

epe}r honuke aod~ibdq epe}r sb~ag o` ~ge ed~b}e qea~bod$ Ikqo+ ~ge se}ò}he} giq ~ge imbkb~r ~o

qlbs q~esq b` neqb}en+ o} kbdfe} od i si}~bauki} q~es ò} i qbfdb`baid~ ihoud~ o` ~bhe+ hilbdf

idr kbdei} bhskbai~bodq i}bqbdf `}oh ò}h mo~g nb``bauk~ ~o gei} idn ~o idikrze$ ^ge}eò}e+ ~ge

qedqe o` pe}~baik ~bhe bq q~}odf ~g}oufgou~ i gei}bdf o` ~gbq sbeae+ idn vgbke bdnbpbnuik

se}ò}he}q hir a}ei~e koaikbzen bdq~idaeq o` kbdei} ~bhe ~g}oufg ~geb} honuke agobaeq+ ~geqe

i}e qbfdb`baid~kr veileden mr }ese~b~bodq idn i q~}odf qedqe o` sukqe$ Ve}e ~ge sbeae keqq

bhs}opbqi~o}r+ b~ hir me soqqbmke ~o aodqbne} f}ei~e} kepekq o` kbdei} bhskbai~bodq$ Q~bkk+

vgbke kbdei} bhskbai~bodq bd Lermoi}n Q~unbeq do$ 9 aid odkr me nbqauqqen iq i soqqbmbkb~r+

~ge}e i}e ho}e aoda}e~e ewihskeq o` kbdei}b~r bd i gbfgkr(q~}ua~u}en sbeae quag iq Sbido

Sgiqe$

Q~epe ]ebag&q Sbido Sgiqe

^ge bnei ò} Sbido Sgiqe q~ehhen `}oh ]ebagq ei}kr bdpokpehed~ vb~g ~ise huqba$

Gipbdf ik}einr ewsko}en qohe o` ~ge soqqbmbkb~beq o` sgiqe qgb`~bdf bd sbeaeq quag iq Aohe

Ou~+ ge vid~en ~o fe~ mial ~o bdq~}uhed~ik v}b~bdf mu~ viq do~ os~bhbq~ba imou~ kbpe


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10

se}ò}he}q mebdf imke ~o }eikbze ~ge s}oaeqq$ Vb~g ~ise+ b~ viq }eki~bpekr eiqr ~o ewsko}e ~ge

soqqbmbkb~r o` ode bnei skiren ifibdq~ i qkbfg~kr ìq~e} pe}qbod o` b~qek`+ f}inuikkr fobdf ou~ o`

sgiqe+ idn iq giq ik}einr meed hed~boden+ -odae ~ge s}oaeqq bq qe~ us idn koinen b~ }udq mr

b~qek`$-=3

B~ viq do~ ud~bk ge ewse}bhed~en vb~g skirbdf i sbido ifibdq~ i ~ise koos ~gi~ ]ebag

òudn ~ge soqqbmbkb~r o` kbpe qgb`~bdf }eiqodimke+ s}ohs~bdf i qe}beq sg}iqbdf aohsoqb~bodq$=9

Q~}ua~u}ikkr+ Sbido Sgiqe bq do~ vgokkr udkble Lermoi}n Q~unbeq do$ 9$ Mo~g sbeaeq i}e

nbpbnen bd~o ~g}ee qea~bodq idn eiag qea~bod giq id oq~bdi~o `bfu}e s}eqed~en ifibdq~ o~ge}

hi~e}bik$ Kblevbqe+ mo~g sbeaeq i}e v}b~~ed vb~g i kbhb~en sb~ag poaimuki}r s}eqed~en bd

aod~bduouq qbw~eed~g do~eq$ Udkble ]bkerq sbeae+ govepe}+ ~ge s}oaeqq bq ì} ho}e }bfo}ouq

idn iu}ikkr }eaofdbzimke bd Sbido Sgiqe$ ]i~ge} ~gid skiabdf ~ge oq~bdi~o ifibdq~ nb`è}ed~

hekonba bneiq+ ]ebag giq ~ge kbde f}inuikkr sgiqe vb~g b~qek`+ o} bd ~ge aiqe o` ~ge qeaodn

qea~bod+ i honb`ben pe}qbod o` b~qek`+ ud~bk epe}r do~e aohmbdi~bod bq gei}n$ ^gbq s}oaeqq

a}ei~eq i akei} iunbmke q~}ua~u}e+ mu~ vb~g q~}odf aoddea~bodq vb~g kbdei}b~r$

Meò}e inn}eqqbdf ~geqe kbdei} bhskbai~bodq+ b~ bq bhso}~id~ ~o }eikbze ~gi~ idr quag

bhs}eqqbodq i}e qeaodni}r aodqbne}i~bodq ~o ]ebag$ ^ge s}bhi}r òauq o` ~gbq vo}l+ iq vb~g

gbq o~ge} ei}kr s}oaeqq sbeaeq+ bq id iu}ik ewsko}i~bod o` ~ge qoudnq idn }eki~bodqgbsq a}ei~en

~g}oufg eiag si}~ o` ~ge s}oaeqq+ vb~g ~ge sgiqbdf mebdf i heidq ~o id edn idn do~ id edn bd

b~qek`$ ^gbq aid me qeed bd ~ge }idfe o` }ese~b~bodq ]ebag fbpeq eiag q~ife o` ~ge sgiqbdf+ vb~g

=3 Q~epe ]ebag+ -Huqba iq F}inuik S}oaeqq+- 1>$

=9Bd ~gbq ewse}bhed~+ ]ebag }eao}nen gbhqek` i~ ~ge sbido idn ~ged i~~ehs~en ~o sgiqe

qgb`~ vb~g ~ge }eao}nbdf mr f}inuikkr iaaeke}i~bdf gbq ovd skirbdf ud~bk ge viq qkbfg~kr igein

meò}e qe~~kbdf mial bd~o ~ge o}bfbdik ~ehso$ Ge ~ged ~}ben ~ge qihe ~gbdf mu~ vb~g ido~ge}

se}ò}he} bdq~ein o` i ~ise idn òudn ~ge }equk~ ~o me huqbaikkr e`èa~bpe$ Q~epe ]ebag+-Sbido Sgiqe- bd V}b~bdfq od Huqba: 9205(=333+ ==(=>$


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~}idqb~bodq me~veed q~esq o` ~ge sgiqbdf s}oaeqq+ ~ge qrhhe~}baik ò}h o` eiag qea~bod+ idn

~ge gi}hodba ho~bod me~veed qea~bodq$

^ge ~}idqb~bodq vb~gbd ~ge sgiqbdf s}oaeqq gipe meed hoq~ aohske~ekr idikrzen mr

Esq~ebd bd gbq i}~bake+ -Si~~e}d Q~}ua~u}e idn S}oaeqq bd Q~epe ]ebagq Sbido Sgiqe$- Esq~ebd

do~eq ~gi~ eiag ~}idqb~bod foeq ~g}oufg qepe}ik q~ifeq: id bda}eiqbdf o` iaouq~baik }eqodidae+

i qesi}i~bod o` ~ge pobaeq+ i seil o` b}}i~bodik }gr~ghba aohskewb~r+ idn i noumkbdf o` ~ehso

vge}e ~ge ~vo si}~q i}e ewia~kr gik` i mei~ ou~ o` sgiqe+ vgbag bq ~ge m}be` hbnsobd~ o` ~ge

~}idqb~bod$=>

Esq~ebd foeq od ~o idikrze gov qohe o` ~ge ~}idqb~bodq megipe nb`è}ed~kr ~gid

o~ge}q+ fbped ~geb} }eqsea~bpe sobd~q bd ~ge sgiqbdf s}oaeqq+ mu~ vgi~ bq aodqbq~ed~ vb~g eiag

~}idqb~bod bq ~gi~ ~ger i}e i qou}ae o` kbdei} ~bhe$ Vgbke ~ge q~}ua~u}e o` ~ge sbeae }ehibdq

aohske~ekr iunbmke+ ~geqe ~}idqb~bodq aid a}ei~e i èekbdf o` ihmbfub~r idn bdq~imbkb~r vb~g ~ge

kbq~ede}+ vgbag bq ~ged }eqokpen odae ~ge ~}idqb~bod bq aohske~e$ Mr a}ei~bdf i qedqe o`

~edqbod+ kbq~ede}q mefbd ~o id~babsi~e do~ odkr ~ge }eqoku~bod+ mu~ ikqo ~ge dew~ sgiqbdf q~ifeq

qoudn+ si}~bauki}kr bd ~ge qeaodn gik` o` ~ge ~}idqb~bod$ Eiag ~}idqb~bod a}ei~eq kbdei} ~bhe od

i koaikbzen kepek+ neqsb~e ~ge ope}ikk pe}~baikb~r o` ~ge sbeae+ i`~e} vgbag ~ge kbq~ede} huq~

ifibd qe~~ke mial bd~o pe}~baik kbq~edbdf$

Mr ~ge di~u}e o` ~ge s}oaeqq+ ~ge kbq~ede} depe} giq ~o kbq~ed ~o idr fbped q~ife ò}

ho}e ~gid i hbdu~e+=5

vgbag bq ~o qir ~gi~ pe}~baik kbq~edbdf bq depe} }eyub}en ò} kodf$ Iq ~ge

=> Siuk Esq~ebd+ -Si~~e}d Q~}ua~u}e idn S}oaeqq bd Q~epe ]ebagq Sbido Sgiqe+- >27(22$

=5 ^gbq iqquheq ~gi~ ~ge sbeae bq => hbdu~eq kodf ']ebagq q~i~en usse} kbhb~ ò}nu}i~bod"+ ~gi~ ~ge ~}idqb~bodq no do~ ~ile idr ~bhe+ idn ~gi~ ikk q~ifeq ~ile ~ge qihe ihoud~

o` ~bhe$ Bd ~gbq aiqe+ eiag q~ife voukn kiq~ >5 qeaodnq '=>*03/1="+ ~goufg ~ge ia~uiknu}i~bodq voukn me qgo}~e} od ipe}ife$


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12

~}idqb~bodq me~veed q~ifeq a}ei~e kbdei}b~r+ ~ge hohed~(~o(hohed~ kbq~edbdf ewse}bedae

`kua~ui~eq mial idn ò}~g me~veed ~geqe ~bhe aodq~}ua~q$ ^ge bdge}ed~ qbhbki}b~r me~veed

q~ifeq ikkovq ~ge kbq~ede} ~o qgb`~ mial bd~o pe}~baik kbq~edbdf yubalkr+ vgbag bq bhso}~id~

fbped ~ge m}epb~r o` eiag q~ife+ a}ei~bdf i sgedohedod ~gi~ bq do~imkr nb`è}ed~ `}oh su}ekr

pe}~baik ~bhe$ ^gbq udne}q~idnbdf ~ged innq ~o s}epbouq idikrqbq mr ù}~ge} mebdf imke ~o

neqa}bme ~ge }bagdeqq o` ~ge kbq~edbdf ewse}bedae ~gi~ bq do~ }einbkr issi}ed~ `}oh ~ge

qbhskbab~r o` ~ge q~}ua~u}e$

Od i ki}fe} qaike+ eiag sgiqbdf s}oaeqq ikqo a}ei~eq i akei} qrhhe~}baik ò}h iq ~ge

qeaodn gik` o` eiag bq i }e~}of}ine o` ~ge `b}q~$ Ikqo+ iq ~ge}e bq id eped duhme} o` do~eq ò}

eiag `bfu}e sgiqen+ ~ge duhme} o` sgiqbdf q~ifeq bq onn$ ^gbq keipeq ode aed~}ik q~ife ~gi~ bq

udbyue ~o eiag s}oaeqq+ a}ei~bdf i akei} hbnsobd~ idn q~}edf~gedbdf ~ge qrhhe~}baik ò}h$

Leb~g So~~e}+ bd idikrzbdf ~ge sbeae vb~g }eqsea~ ~o Esq~ebdq vo}l+ }bfg~kr aodakuneq ~gi~ ~gbq

bq -udkblekr ~o me do~baen mr ~ge kbq~ede}$-=0

Hoq~ kbq~ede}q hbqq ~ge qrhhe~}r meaiuqe ~ge

ki}fe(qaike pe}~baik ~bhe a}ei~en mr ~ge }ese~b~bodq kbhb~q idr se}aes~bod o` ò}hik q~}ua~u}e i~

~gbq kepek< ~ge qbhbki}b~beq me~veed q~ifeq omqau}e idr kbdei}b~r `}oh ode q~ife ~o ~ge dew~$

Q~bkk+ mr mubknbdf od Esq~ebdq idikrqbq idn ai}}rbdf b~ ~g}oufg ~o ~ge qeaodn idn ~gb}n

qea~bodq o` ~ge sbeae+=6 id i}fuhed~ aid me hine ò} iu}ik se}aes~bod o` ~ge i}ag ò}h iq i

qou}ae o` kbdei} ~bhe$

Bd o}ne} ~o ho}e ùkkr udne}q~idn ~ge di~u}e o` eiag q~ife o` ~ge sgiqbdf s}oaeqq+

Esq~ebd do~i~en ~ge ~vo sbido si}~q ~ofe~ge} ò} ~ge `b}q~ qea~bod o` ~ge sbeae 'ewihske =$>"$

=0 So~~e}+ 97>$

=6Esq~bedq idikrqbq oauqen ikhoq~ ewakuqbpekr od ~ge `b}q~ qea~bod o` ~ge vo}l$ Ikk

ewihskeq idn idikrqbq o` qea~bodq ~vo idn ~g}ee i}e ~ge iu~go}q ovd$


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>3

Bd ~gbq ewihske+ idn bd ~ge ewihskeq ò} ~ge qeaodn idn ~gb}n qea~bodq 'ewihskeq =$5 idn =$0"+

~ge `bkken(bd do~e(geinq }es}eqed~ ~ge `b}q~ sbido si}~ idn ~ge osed do~e(geinq }es}eqed~ ~ge

qeaodn sbido si}~$ Vge}e ~ge ~vo si}~q i}e bd udbqod osed do~e(geinq i}e uqen$ ô ù}~ge}

bkkuq~}i~e ~ge sgiqbdf+ ~ge `b}q~ do~e o` eiag sbido si}~ bq hi}len vb~g i ~}bidfke(qgisen do~e(

gein$ Vgi~ Esq~ebd do~en bd gbq idikrqbq viq ~gi~ ~ge onn q~ifeq o` ~ge `b}q~ qea~bod aodqbq~en

hoq~kr o` nbqqodid~ bd~e}pikq vgbke ~ge eped q~ifeq gin hoq~kr aodqodid~ bd~e}pikq$=7

Q~bkk+

vgbke ~gbq mial idn ò}~g hir s}eqed~ i aiqe ò} ò}vi}n hohed~uh+ b~ huq~ me udne}q~oon

~gi~ ~ge}e bq do~gbdf imou~ ~ge nbqqodid~ q~ifeq ~gi~ ho~bpi~eq i }eqoku~bod ~o ~ge aodqodid~

odeq$ ]i~ge}+ idr kbdei}b~r bq udne}hbden iq eped ~ge hoq~ nbqqodid~ q~ifeq meaohe q~imke

~g}oufg }ese~b~bod$ ^gbq èi~u}e bq udkble ~ge ~}idqb~bodq bd ~ge sgiqbdf s}oaeqq+ eiag o`

vgbag gin i ne`bdb~bpe edn(sobd~ idn akei}kr a}ei~en i qedqe o` ~edqbod idn id~babsi~bod

meò}e }eqokpbdf ~o ~ge dew~ q~ife$ ^ge ~}idqb~bodq ikqo ose}i~en od i huag kove} gbe}i}agbaik

kepek+ vge}e ~ger ve}e imke ~ehso}i}bkr ~o nbqskiae ~ge ope}ikk pe}~baikb~r$ ^gbq i}ag ò}h+

govepe}+ ose}i~eq od i huag gbfge} kepek+ heidbdf b~ voukn gipe ~o me ho}e ia~bpe kbdei}kr

~o i`èa~ ~ge pe}~baikb~r$ ^guq+ vgbke ~ge ik~e}di~bod me~veed nbqqodid~ idn aodqodid~ q~ifeq

}ehibdq i pikbn omqe}pi~bod ò} ~ge qeaodn idn ~gb}n qea~bodq o` ~ge sbeae iq vekk+ b~ aiddo~ me

aodqbne}en iq id ekehed~ o` kbdei}b~r i~ ~gbq gbe}i}agbaik kepek$

=7 Siuk Esq~ebd+ -Si~~e}d Q~}ua~u}e idn S}oaeqq bd Q~epe ]ebagq Sbido Sgiqe+- >20$


57/192

>9

Ewihske =$>$ Q~epe ]ebagq Sbido Sgiqe+ idikrqbq o` qea~bod ode+ `}oh Esq~ebd+ -Si~~e}dQ~}ua~u}e idn S}oaeqq bd Q~epe ]ebagq Sbido Sgiqe+- ^ge Huqbaik Yui}~e}kr 6=+ do$ >

'9270": >20+ mr se}hbqqbod o` Ow`o}n Udbpe}qb~r S}eqq$


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>=

Ewihske =$5$ Sbido Sgiqe+ idikrqbq o` qea~bod ~vo$

Ewihske =$0$ Sbido Sgiqe+ idikrqbq o` qea~bod ~g}ee$

Od ~ge o~ge} gidn+ i so~ed~bik qou}ae o` kbdei}b~r ~g}oufgou~ eiag sgiqbdf s}oaeqq bq

~ge }eki~bodqgbs me~veed novdmei~q$ Eiag si~~e}d o` ~ge sbeae ehsgiqbzeq ~ge novdmei~ mr

i}~bauki~bdf b~ vb~g ~ge koveq~ do~e bd ~ge si~~e}d+ idn bd ~ge aiqe o` ~ge `b}q~ si~~e}d 'vgbag bq

bd 0/7"+ mo~g mei~q i}e ehsgiqbzen$ ^gbq ehsgiqbq mr b~qek` a}ei~eq i q~}odf qedqe o` he~e}+

idn iq ~ge ode sbido }ehibdq udagidfen ~g}oufg eiag s}oaeqq+ b~ hbfg~ me soqqbmke ~o gei}

~ge aodqbq~ed~ he~e}$ Q~bkk+ he~e} mr b~qek` bq do~ i aiuqe o` kbdei} ~bhe+ eqseabikkr qbdae b~ bq

do~ o}fidbzen od idr gbfge} kepek bd ~gbq sbeae$ Iq So~~e} qohevgi~ udne}q~i~eq+ ~ge


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>1

bd~e}ia~bod o` ~ge ~vo qesi}i~e novdmei~q a}ei~eq i -aohskew he~}baik qb~ui~bod$-=2

B` ~ge}e

ve}e do ~}idqb~bod me~veed q~ifeq o` ~ge sgiqbdf+ ~ge q~imbkb~r o` ode sbido voukn lees ~ge

he~e} ho}e q~}odfkr bd~ia~+ mu~ mr a}ei~bdf ihmbfub~r+ ~ge ~}idqb~bod bdq~ein bdpb~eq

ik~e}di~bpe gei}bdfq iq ~ge}e bq i }e~u}d ~o pe}~baik kbq~edbdf i`~e} ~ge kbdei} ~edqbod$

Fbped ~ge hekonba idn he~}baik q~}edf~g o` ~ge koveq~ do~eq bd ~ge si~~e}dq+ ~geqe

do~eq no }ehibd iu}ikkr s}eqed~ ~g}oufg eiag q~ife eped b` ~ge ~}ue novdmei~ bq omqau}en$

^ge f}ei~eq~ sobd~q o` ~edqbod me~veed ~geqe ossoqbdf novdmei~q i}e ~ge `b}q~ idn kiq~ q~ifeq

o` ~ge sgiqbdf+ vge}e ~ger i}e odkr i qbw~eed~g do~e isi}~$ Iq ~ge novdmei~q f}inuikkr hope

ivir `}oh ode ido~ge}+ ~ge ~edqbod bq keqqeden ud~bk ~ger }efibd aohske~e q~imbkb~r i~ ~ge

hbnsobd~ o` ~ge s}oaeqq$ Bd ikk ~g}ee qea~bodq+ ~ge hbnnke q~ifeduhme}q qbw+ `ou}+ idn ~vo+

}eqsea~bpekrgiq i akei} i}~bauki~bod o` ~ge he~e} iq ~ge `b}q~ gik` o` ~ge si~~e}d bq bned~baik ~o

~ge qeaodn$ @u}~ge}ho}e+ ~ge aodqodidae idn nbqqodidae o` bd~e}pikq bq do~ }ekepid~ ~o ~ge

q~imbkb~r o` ~geqe q~ifeq< bd qea~bodq ode idn ~g}ee+ ~ge hbnnke q~ife bq ~ge hoq~ aodqodid~

q~ife bd ~ge s}oaeqq vgbke bd qea~bod ~vo b~ bq ~ge hoq~ nbqqodid~$ ]i~ge}+ b~ bq ~ge he~}baik

aodqodidae o` ~ge novdmei~q ~gi~ a}ei~eq i f}ei~e} qedqe o` q~imbkb~r i~ ~gbq hbnnke q~ife$ B~ bq

soqqbmke ~o gei} ~ge kbdei} s}of}eqqbod o` eiag s}oaeqq ~g}oufg ~gbq aod`kba~ o` novdmei~q+ iq

~ge

the interaction of linear and vertical time in minimalist and postminimalist piano music

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