the industry is driven by materials costs - sun & wind energy · n ew production lines, new...

New production lines, new models: all over the world, collector manufacturers are developing their production lines and bringing innovative

flat plate collectors to market. For this purpose, SUN & WIND ENERGY conducted a survey in May in which more than 200 manufacturers of flat plate collectors

were asked about their current products. 79 compa-nies from around the world participated in our market survey. Table 1 (pages 80 to 83) covers the detailed technical data of standard flat plate collectors. Large- scale collectors follow in Table 2 on page 94.

Automation steadily advances

A number of companies have expanded their collector manufacturing capacities in recent months. In most cases, the focus was on automating the production process. GREENoneTEC Solarindustrie GmbH from Austria has set up a fully automated production line with four robots for their new tray collector series FK9000. “Our new tray collector production line is the

The solar thermal industry is facing far-reaching changes.

Collectors using aluminium plates for their absorbers are

becoming widely accepted for financial reasons. Who has not

used aluminium as of yet has to quickly follow suit and

invest in absorber manufacture.

The industry is driven by materials costs

Savo-Solar coat their fully flooded absorbers them-selves. Photo: Savo-Solar

Sun & Wind Energy 7/201176

ColleCtor market overviewSolar thermal

http://www.ezinc.com.tr


Solar thermal ColleCtor market overview

world’s fastest – one solar collector can be manufactured every minute, meaning a potential an-nual output of around 450,000 units,” says Alexander Eichwalder, Sales & Marketing Director. The world’s largest collector manufacturer attaches great importance to quality assurance. “Every step of the manufacture and assembly process is meticulously in-spected, monitored by cameras and recorded. This en-sures not just a consistently high accuracy and quali-ty but also traceability of each individual collector based on its serial number,” explains Eichwalder.

A meander bending machine is also new at GREENoneTEC.

A fully automatic production line for flat plate collectors has been in operation at Watt sp. z o.o. in Poland since November. Prosunpro Solar Energy from China has also invested in an automatic pro-duction line in order to improve the sealing of the collector. In addition, the production capacity has been increased, according to Senior Sales Manager Jenny Shi. Although Calpak-Cicero Hellas SA from Greece have not set up a new production line, they did invest in manufacture: “We have increased the degree of automation in the existing production lines,” says Export Manager Evangelos Nikolopoulos.

The XP 2.5 from Ariston Thermo is equipped with hydraulic quick connec-tions to allow for instal-lation without tools.

The CS 500 4F is the first meander collector from CitrinSolar. Also new is the aluminium absorber.

The 25-SOL HE H from Biasi is a horizontal solar collector with a copper absorber.

Astersa has launched three new collector lines: ECO, NEO and TOP.

Dimas adds an external fitting, either male or fe-male, and allows the solar collectors to be connected very easily.

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Rheem Australia (Solahart) manufactures absorbers fully automatically by means of laser welding. Photo: Rheem

http://www.transsen.com



Manufacturer TypeYear of launch

Collector surface [m2]

Collector weight [kg]

Absorber sheet material

Absorber tubing

Absorber thickness [mm]

Absorber coatings

Absorber type

Absorber tube connection

HydraulicsTray/frame material

Backsheet (only frame type)

Collector insulation [mm]

Side insulation

Glass thickness [mm]

Glass transmission [%]

Test standard η0 1 a1 [W/m²·K] 1

a2 [W/m²·K²] 1Guarantee [years]

Noncommittal gross final customer price [¤]

A Atual, Brazil master 2000 1.9 26 Al copper 0.4 selective paint fins welding n/a Al frame Al rock wool (35) no 3.0 90.0 ABNT NBR 15569 0.759 7.199 n/a 6 210

Ariston, Italy XP 2.5 V 2011 2.5 48 copper copper 0.2 Eta plus plate ultrasonic meander Al frame aluzinc rock wool (50) yes 3.2 92.0 EN12975 3 0.791 3.104 0.022 5 890

Astersa, Spain Top24 2011 2.5 54 copper copper 0.25 Eta plus plate ultrasonic harp Al frame PP rock wool (50) yes 4.0 91.0 EN12975 3 0.797 3.756 0.016 10 773

Batec, Denmark BA30sel 1989 3.0 50 copper copper 0.2 black chrome fins roll bond harp Al frame Al mineral wool (60) yes 4.0 91.0 EN12975 3 0.772 2.907 0.0155 up to 10

666

Baymak, Turkey Essential XL 2009 2.5 51 Al copper 0.5 Mirotherm plate laser harp Al frame Al rock wool (40) no 4.0 91.0 EN12975 3,4 0.810 4.650 0.003 10 n/a

Biasi, Italy 25 SOL HE 2009 2.5 48 copper copper n/a Tinox plate laser harp Al tray - rock wool yes 4.0 n/a EN12975 3 0.748 3.400 0.009 10 861

Bipin, India Bipsun 2000 2.2 45 copper copper 0.15 black chrome fins ultrasonic meander Al frame galvanized n/a (50) yes 4.0 85.0 BIS 0.680 n/a n/a 5 137 12

Britec, Chile LEC-GR-220 2010 2.2 42 Al copper 0.18 selective paint fins ultrasonic harp Al tray - glass wool yes 3.0 81.0 EN12975 6 0.720 4.860 0.039 5 255

Chiryu Heater, Japan SFD3 1985 1.5 33 stainless stain-less

0.3 selective paint plate welding n/astainless frame

stainless glass wool (40) yes 3.2 91.0 JIS 0.726 5.400 0.016 2 450

Chromagen, Israel PA-F 2009 2.6 35 Al copper 0.4 PVD plate laser harpAl or galva-nized frame

PP PU (25) yes 3.2 91.6 EN12975 3,4 n/a n/a n/a 5 n/a

Cidersol, Spain Cidsol_HT 2011 1.9 39 Al Al 0.5 Tinox plate welding harp Al frame plastics n/a (40) no 4.0 95.0 EN12975 3 0.816 3.497 0.018 10 300

CitrinSolar, Germany CS 150 AF 2011 2.1 34 Al copper 0.5 Mirotherm plate laser double harp Al frame Al glass wool (50) no 3.2 91.6 EN12975 5 0.815 3.520 0.012 10 660

Dimas, Greece Energy+Evo 2006 2.5 n/a Al copper 0.4 Mirotherm fins laser harp Al frame Al glass wool yes 4.0 n/a EN12975 3 0.801 3.653 0.010 8 n/a

Elsol, Israel EL3AT 2011 2.7 50 Al copper 0.5 Tinox plate laser harp Al frame AlPU + glass wool (50)

yes 4.0 91.0 EN12975 3 0.783 3.541 0.010 5 n/a

Elsol Serbia, Serbia elsol 01 1995 2.0 47 Al copper 2.0 galvanic plate welding n/a Al frame Al mineral wool no 4.0 n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a

Emmvee, India n/a 1992 2.0 43 copper copper 0.12 black chrome fins ultrasonic n/a Al frame Al rock wool (50) yes 3.2 or 4.0 86.0 or 92.0 IS 12933 7 0.700 3.490 n/a 10 n/a

EnerWorks, CanadaCOL-4x8-NL-SG1-SH10

2006 2.9 45 Al copper 0.5 Mirotherm plate lasermeander with header

galvanized frame

Al rock wool yes 3.2 91.0SRCC OG-100, CSA F378 4,8 0.779 3.205 0.013 10 680

Ensol, Poland ES2V/2,0S- AL 2010 2.0 38 Al Al 0.3 Eta plus plate ultrasonic meander Al frame Al rock wool (40) yes 4.0 91.0 EN12975 3 0.810 3.442 0.016 5 290

Eraslan, Turkey Bluestar2 2000 2.4 42 Al copper 0.4 Eta plus plate laser harp Al frame galvanized rock wool (50) yes 4.0 91.0 EN12975 3 0.793 3.611 0.012 10 197

ESC, Austria 6210 2010 2.1 39 Al copper 0.4 Eta plus plate clinching harp Al tray - rock wool (50) no 3.2 92.0 EN12975 3 0.758 3.429 0.013 10 690

Ezinç, Turkey Superline L-1 FSB 2007 2.3 41 copper copper 0.2 PVD plate ultrasonic harp Al frameAl or plastics

synthetic resin or rock wool

yes 4.0 91.0 EN12975 3 n/a n/a n/a 5 n/a

GeoSolar, South Africa Sol150 2009 1.5 40 Al copper n/a Eta plus fins laser n/a Al frame galvanized n/a no 4.0 n/aSANS 1307 2009 SANS 6211-1-2003 9

n/a n/a n/a 10 290

G.M.P. engineering, Italy TX250-15 2005 0.4 15 9 Al copper 0.5Eta plus or Sunselect

plate laser meander Al frame Al rock wool yes 4.0 91.0 EN12975 0.785 5.000 0.010 10 380

GREENoneTEC, Austria 7one 2010 2.0 35 Al copper 0.4 Mirotherm plate laser harp Al frame Al mineral wool (40) no 3.2 90.0 EN12975 3 0.815 3.768 0.013 10 n/a

Hanania, JordanHC-100 – Gal-vanized Steel Collector

1972 1.3 52 steelgalva-nized

0.7 selective paint fins omega press in n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a

Istek, Turkey 40-400 1995 2.5 44 copper copper 0.12 selective fins ultrasonic harp Al frame Al glasswool or PU yes 4.0 n/a EN12975 3,4 n/a n/a n/a 5 n/a

Itho, Netherlands Tray collector 2004 2.5 41 Al copper 0.5 Mirotherm plate ultrasonic meander Al tray - n/a (50) no 4.0 91.0 EN12975 3 0.790 3.180 0.014 5 600

Johnsun Heaters, Cyprus SF2.0 SEL 2009 2.0 44 copper copper 0.15 Eta plus fins ultrasonic harpaluzinc or stainless tray

- glass wool (50) yes 4.0 91.5 not yet tested n/a n/a n/a 5 250

KBB, Germany K420-LC 2010 2.0 29 Al copper 0.4 own plate laser meander Al frame Al mineral wool no 3.2 85.0 EN12975 3 0.748 3.930 0.015 10 n/a

Kioto Clear Energy, Mexico FP 1.20.0 HE sc 2009 2.0 29 Al copper 0.4Mirotherm or Eta plus

plate laser harp Al frame PU with AlPU + mineral wool (36)

no 3.2 91.0 EN12975 3,4 0.745 3.860 0.004 10 n/a

Magen Eco Energy, Israel Eco-Flare 2010 2.2 19 plastics plastics n/a no coatingpolymeric pipes

overmolding harp Al frame PP PU (35) yes 4.0 n/aEN12975, SRCC OG-100 3,4 0.642 4.167 0.051 5 487 up to 626 13

Módulo Solar, Mexico MS2.5 2011 2.5 46 Al copper 0.4 PVD plate laser harp Al frame plastics synthetic resin (30) yes 4.0 95.0 EN12975 3 0.790 3.580 0.014 10 350

Nau, Germany Be Pro plus 2005 2.1 34 copper copper 0.2 Sunselect plate soldering harp Al frame Al rock wool (50) yes 3.2 n/a EN12975 3 0.815 3.350 0.013 10 approx. 600

NES, BulgariaSunsystem PK2,15SL CL NL

2006 1.7 28 copper copper 0.2 Tinox fins ultrasonic harp Al frame Al rock wool yes 4.0 91.0 EN12975 3 0.764 3.830 0.008 10 296

Nobel, Greece Aelios CuS 2011 1.6 28 Al copper 0.4 PVD plate laser harp Al frame galvanized glass wool (50) yes 4.0 89.0 EN12975 3 0.731 3.750 0.015 5 n/a

NRG, India NRG – I S 2006 2.0 44 copper copper 0.19 black chrome fins ultrasonic harp Al tray - rock wool (50) yes 4.0 88.0 BIS 7 0.630 4.230 n/a 5 145

Openplus, Portugal OP-V4AL 2011 2.1 38 Al copper 0.3 PVD plate ultrasonic harp Al frame aluzinc rock wool (30) no 3.2 91.0 EN12975 5 n/a n/a n/a 10 490

Ouraset, Turkey IDEO XL n/a 2.3 n/a Al Al n/a PVD plate laser harp Al frame Al rock wool yes 4.0 91.0 EN12975 3 0.810 4.850 0.003 5 300

Table 1: Overview of standard flat plate collectors

Sun & Wind Energy 7/2011 81





Absorber tubing


Absorber coatings

Absorber type





Side insulation




a2 [W/m²·K²] 1Guarantee [years]


A Atual, Brazil master 2000 1.9 26 Al copper 0.4 selective paint fins welding n/a Al frame Al rock wool (35) no 3.0 90.0 ABNT NBR 15569 0.759 7.199 n/a 6 210

Ariston, Italy XP 2.5 V 2011 2.5 48 copper copper 0.2 Eta plus plate ultrasonic meander Al frame aluzinc rock wool (50) yes 3.2 92.0 EN12975 3 0.791 3.104 0.022 5 890

Astersa, Spain Top24 2011 2.5 54 copper copper 0.25 Eta plus plate ultrasonic harp Al frame PP rock wool (50) yes 4.0 91.0 EN12975 3 0.797 3.756 0.016 10 773

Batec, Denmark BA30sel 1989 3.0 50 copper copper 0.2 black chrome fins roll bond harp Al frame Al mineral wool (60) yes 4.0 91.0 EN12975 3 0.772 2.907 0.0155 up to 10

666

Baymak, Turkey Essential XL 2009 2.5 51 Al copper 0.5 Mirotherm plate laser harp Al frame Al rock wool (40) no 4.0 91.0 EN12975 3,4 0.810 4.650 0.003 10 n/a

Biasi, Italy 25 SOL HE 2009 2.5 48 copper copper n/a Tinox plate laser harp Al tray - rock wool yes 4.0 n/a EN12975 3 0.748 3.400 0.009 10 861

Bipin, India Bipsun 2000 2.2 45 copper copper 0.15 black chrome fins ultrasonic meander Al frame galvanized n/a (50) yes 4.0 85.0 BIS 0.680 n/a n/a 5 137 12

Britec, Chile LEC-GR-220 2010 2.2 42 Al copper 0.18 selective paint fins ultrasonic harp Al tray - glass wool yes 3.0 81.0 EN12975 6 0.720 4.860 0.039 5 255

Chiryu Heater, Japan SFD3 1985 1.5 33 stainless stain-less

0.3 selective paint plate welding n/astainless frame

stainless glass wool (40) yes 3.2 91.0 JIS 0.726 5.400 0.016 2 450

Chromagen, Israel PA-F 2009 2.6 35 Al copper 0.4 PVD plate laser harpAl or galva-nized frame

PP PU (25) yes 3.2 91.6 EN12975 3,4 n/a n/a n/a 5 n/a

Cidersol, Spain Cidsol_HT 2011 1.9 39 Al Al 0.5 Tinox plate welding harp Al frame plastics n/a (40) no 4.0 95.0 EN12975 3 0.816 3.497 0.018 10 300

CitrinSolar, Germany CS 150 AF 2011 2.1 34 Al copper 0.5 Mirotherm plate laser double harp Al frame Al glass wool (50) no 3.2 91.6 EN12975 5 0.815 3.520 0.012 10 660

Dimas, Greece Energy+Evo 2006 2.5 n/a Al copper 0.4 Mirotherm fins laser harp Al frame Al glass wool yes 4.0 n/a EN12975 3 0.801 3.653 0.010 8 n/a

Elsol, Israel EL3AT 2011 2.7 50 Al copper 0.5 Tinox plate laser harp Al frame AlPU + glass wool (50)

yes 4.0 91.0 EN12975 3 0.783 3.541 0.010 5 n/a

Elsol Serbia, Serbia elsol 01 1995 2.0 47 Al copper 2.0 galvanic plate welding n/a Al frame Al mineral wool no 4.0 n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a

Emmvee, India n/a 1992 2.0 43 copper copper 0.12 black chrome fins ultrasonic n/a Al frame Al rock wool (50) yes 3.2 or 4.0 86.0 or 92.0 IS 12933 7 0.700 3.490 n/a 10 n/a

EnerWorks, CanadaCOL-4x8-NL-SG1-SH10

2006 2.9 45 Al copper 0.5 Mirotherm plate lasermeander with header

galvanized frame

Al rock wool yes 3.2 91.0SRCC OG-100, CSA F378 4,8 0.779 3.205 0.013 10 680

Ensol, Poland ES2V/2,0S- AL 2010 2.0 38 Al Al 0.3 Eta plus plate ultrasonic meander Al frame Al rock wool (40) yes 4.0 91.0 EN12975 3 0.810 3.442 0.016 5 290

Eraslan, Turkey Bluestar2 2000 2.4 42 Al copper 0.4 Eta plus plate laser harp Al frame galvanized rock wool (50) yes 4.0 91.0 EN12975 3 0.793 3.611 0.012 10 197

ESC, Austria 6210 2010 2.1 39 Al copper 0.4 Eta plus plate clinching harp Al tray - rock wool (50) no 3.2 92.0 EN12975 3 0.758 3.429 0.013 10 690

Ezinç, Turkey Superline L-1 FSB 2007 2.3 41 copper copper 0.2 PVD plate ultrasonic harp Al frameAl or plastics

synthetic resin or rock wool

yes 4.0 91.0 EN12975 3 n/a n/a n/a 5 n/a

GeoSolar, South Africa Sol150 2009 1.5 40 Al copper n/a Eta plus fins laser n/a Al frame galvanized n/a no 4.0 n/aSANS 1307 2009 SANS 6211-1-2003 9

n/a n/a n/a 10 290

G.M.P. engineering, Italy TX250-15 2005 0.4 15 9 Al copper 0.5Eta plus or Sunselect

plate laser meander Al frame Al rock wool yes 4.0 91.0 EN12975 0.785 5.000 0.010 10 380

GREENoneTEC, Austria 7one 2010 2.0 35 Al copper 0.4 Mirotherm plate laser harp Al frame Al mineral wool (40) no 3.2 90.0 EN12975 3 0.815 3.768 0.013 10 n/a

Hanania, JordanHC-100 – Gal-vanized Steel Collector

1972 1.3 52 steelgalva-nized

0.7 selective paint fins omega press in n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a

Istek, Turkey 40-400 1995 2.5 44 copper copper 0.12 selective fins ultrasonic harp Al frame Al glasswool or PU yes 4.0 n/a EN12975 3,4 n/a n/a n/a 5 n/a

Itho, Netherlands Tray collector 2004 2.5 41 Al copper 0.5 Mirotherm plate ultrasonic meander Al tray - n/a (50) no 4.0 91.0 EN12975 3 0.790 3.180 0.014 5 600

Johnsun Heaters, Cyprus SF2.0 SEL 2009 2.0 44 copper copper 0.15 Eta plus fins ultrasonic harpaluzinc or stainless tray

- glass wool (50) yes 4.0 91.5 not yet tested n/a n/a n/a 5 250

KBB, Germany K420-LC 2010 2.0 29 Al copper 0.4 own plate laser meander Al frame Al mineral wool no 3.2 85.0 EN12975 3 0.748 3.930 0.015 10 n/a

Kioto Clear Energy, Mexico FP 1.20.0 HE sc 2009 2.0 29 Al copper 0.4Mirotherm or Eta plus

plate laser harp Al frame PU with AlPU + mineral wool (36)

no 3.2 91.0 EN12975 3,4 0.745 3.860 0.004 10 n/a

Magen Eco Energy, Israel Eco-Flare 2010 2.2 19 plastics plastics n/a no coatingpolymeric pipes

overmolding harp Al frame PP PU (35) yes 4.0 n/aEN12975, SRCC OG-100 3,4 0.642 4.167 0.051 5 487 up to 626 13

Módulo Solar, Mexico MS2.5 2011 2.5 46 Al copper 0.4 PVD plate laser harp Al frame plastics synthetic resin (30) yes 4.0 95.0 EN12975 3 0.790 3.580 0.014 10 350

Nau, Germany Be Pro plus 2005 2.1 34 copper copper 0.2 Sunselect plate soldering harp Al frame Al rock wool (50) yes 3.2 n/a EN12975 3 0.815 3.350 0.013 10 approx. 600

NES, BulgariaSunsystem PK2,15SL CL NL

2006 1.7 28 copper copper 0.2 Tinox fins ultrasonic harp Al frame Al rock wool yes 4.0 91.0 EN12975 3 0.764 3.830 0.008 10 296

Nobel, Greece Aelios CuS 2011 1.6 28 Al copper 0.4 PVD plate laser harp Al frame galvanized glass wool (50) yes 4.0 89.0 EN12975 3 0.731 3.750 0.015 5 n/a

NRG, India NRG – I S 2006 2.0 44 copper copper 0.19 black chrome fins ultrasonic harp Al tray - rock wool (50) yes 4.0 88.0 BIS 7 0.630 4.230 n/a 5 145

Openplus, Portugal OP-V4AL 2011 2.1 38 Al copper 0.3 PVD plate ultrasonic harp Al frame aluzinc rock wool (30) no 3.2 91.0 EN12975 5 n/a n/a n/a 10 490

Ouraset, Turkey IDEO XL n/a 2.3 n/a Al Al n/a PVD plate laser harp Al frame Al rock wool yes 4.0 91.0 EN12975 3 0.810 4.850 0.003 5 300

Al = aluminium; stainless = stainless steel; PVD = physical vapour depositon coatings; ultrasonic = ultrasonic welding; laser = laser welding; PC = polycarbonate; PP = polypropylene; PU = polyurethane; galvanized = galvanized steel1 based on aperture; 2 manufacturer is Ernst Schweizer AG, Switzerland; 3 Solar Keymark labeled; 4 SRCC labeled; 5 Solar Keymark certification is in progress; 6 SEC Chile labeled; 7 ICI labeled; 8 CSA labeled; 9 SABS labeled; 10 ANSI/ASHRAE 93-2003 ABNT/NBR 10184/1988 ASTM E 823-81 FSEC-GP-5-80; 11 Inmetro labeled; 12 converted from rupee; 13 converted from US dollar; 14 fins with all-over direct flow; 15 modular Source: company data







Absorber tubing


Absorber coatings

Absorber type





Side insulation




a2 [W/m²·K²] 1

Guarantee [years]


Papaemmanouel, GreeceASL0580.S86RS-2,72m²

2010 2.7 52 Al copper 0.5 Mirotherm plate laser harp Al frame aluzinc rock wool (30) yes 4.0 92.0 EN12975 3,4 n/a 4 n/a n/a 5 n/a

Power Partners Solar, USA 2001 2007 1.9 17 copper copper n/a selective fins forge welded meander Al frame Al PU (25.4) yes 6.3 n/a n/a 0.610 n/a n/a 10 n/a

Prosunpro, China STC-2-VC-C 2007 2.0 43 copper copper 0.15 Eta plus fins ultrasonic harp Al frame Al glass wool yes 3.2 or 4.0 89.0 or 93.0 EN12975 3 0.716 3.038 0.026 5 120

Reinhard, Germany SOL6 NiOX 2009 2.4 45 Al copper 1.0 Niox fins soldering harp Al frame Al glass wool (60) yes 4.0 92.0 EN12975 3 0.783 3.458 0.014 10 857

Roth Werke, Germany Heliostar 218 S4 2011 2.2 32 Al copper n/a Sunselect plate laser harp PC tray - rock wool no 3.2 92.0 EN12975 3,4 n/a n/a n/a 10 n/a

Sammler, Greece Alter2504 2010 2.6 53 Al copper 0.5 Sunselect plate laser meander Al frame aluzinc rock wool (40) yes 4.0 91.0 EN12975 3 0.817 3.750 0.011 10 n/a

Savo-Solar, Finland SF100-03 2011 2.2 34 Al Al 0.45 Memo fins 14 n/a double harp Al frame Al mineral wool (50) yes 3.2 96.1 n/a 0.910 2.300 0.037 n/a n/a

Schüco, GermanyStandard line collector CTE 215 CH

2011 2.1 31 Al copper n/a PVD plate glueing meander Al frame Al mineral wool n/a 3.2 90.0 EN12975 3 0.820 4.068 0.012 10 n/a

Sigma, Greece S2 n/a 2.0 40 copper n/a 0.12 PVD fins ultrasonic n/aAl or galva-nized frame

Al or galva-nized

rock wool no 4.0 88.0 n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a

Solahart, Australia Bt n/a 1.9 31 copper copper 0.2 Tinox plate laser harp Al frame Al glass wool (38) yes 3.289.0 up to 91.0

EN12975 3 0.800 3.860 0.010 5 n/a

Solarbooster, Turkey SB2M-LFDB v2 2010 2.2 43 Al copper 0.5 Sunstrip fins roll bonding meanderAl or galva-nized tray

-PU + glass wool (45)

yes 4.0 91.0SB2M-LFDB, EN12975 3

0.788 3.743 0.008 5 198

Solarfocus, Austria CPC S1 1993 2.8 55 copper copper 0.2 Eta plus fins ultrasonic double harp Al tray - not needednot needed

4.0 91.0 EN12975 3 0.741 3.311 0.012 10 n/a

Solaris, Spain CP2 2006 2.3 40 Al copper 0.5 Mirotherm plate laser meander Al frame Al n/a (25) yes 3.2 91.7 EN12975 5 n/a n/a n/a 5 715

SolarPolar, Iran FM16 Elite 2010 1.8 n/a Al copper 0.5 PVD fins soldering harp Al frame galvanized rock wool (40) no 4.0 90.6 EN12975 5 n/a n/a n/a 2 n/a

Sole, Greece Climasol 270 1996 2.7 55 copper copper 0.2 PVD plate laser harp Al frame steel rock wool (40) yes 4.0 88.5 EN12975 3,4 0.723 3.400 0.016 5 n/a

Soletrol, Brazil Max Metali-Plast 2010 2.0 17 Al PP 0.3 selective paint fins clamping harp Al frame Al n/a no 3.0 EN12975 5 n/a n/a n/a 5 57 up to 130

Soliker, Spain SK12 2011 2.1 31 Al copper 0.4 Mirosol plate laser harp Al frame plastics PU (20) yes 3.2 91.0 EN12975 5 0.700 4.400 0.011 10 416

Soltop, Switzerland Cobra n/a 2.0 33 copper copper 0.2 black chrome plate laser meander Al frame Al rock wool (50) yes 4.0 91.6 EN12975 3 0.815 3.810 0.013 5 or 10 n/a

SOLution, Austria SOLrose26 2010 2.6 44 Al copper 0.4 Eta plus plate laser harp Al frame Al rock wool (50) no 3.2 91.0 EN12975 3 0.809 3.587 0.014 10 749

Solver, Poland GAKm2.5 meander 2010-11 2.6 55 copper copper 0.2 Eta plus plate soldering meander Al frame Al rock wool (40) yes 4.0 92.0 EN12975 5 0.839 3.610 0.017 10 n/a

STI, Germany FKA 2010 2.0 31 Al Al 0.4Tinox or Eta plus

plate ultrasonic meander Al frame Alrock wool or synthetic resin

yes 3.2 95.0 EN12975 3 > 0.800 3.200 0.009 10 n/a

STS, Slovenia Hydra 2011 2.0 35 copper copper 0.2Eta plus or Sunselect

fins ultrasonic harp Al frame Al rock wool no 4.0 91.0 - 0.830 3.660 0.008 5 n/a

Sunda, China PG2.0-P/L 2011 2.0 34 Al copper 0.4 Tinox plate laser harp Al frame galvanized glass wool (30) yes 3.2 91.0 EN12975 0.750 3.350 0.016 5 n/a

Sunex, Poland SX 2.0 n/a 2.0 38 copper copper 0.2 Eta plus plate ultrasonic double harp Al frame Al rock wool yes 4.0 95.0 EN12975 3 0.788 3.522 0.010 6 n/a

Sunjunior, Japan FAL-S2SF 2008 2.0 34 Al copper 0.4 Eta plus fins ultrasonic harp Al frame steel glass wool (35) yes 3.2 91.0 JIS A4112 n/a n/a n/a 5 n/a

Sun Master, Austria SSK27_05 2010 2.7 45 Al copper 0.5 Eta plus plate laser meander Al frame Al rock wool (50) no 4.0 91.3 EN12975 5 0.814 5 3.415 5 0.016 5 7 n/a

Sunway, Mexico SM-37V 1980 2.0 35 copper copper 0.21 selective paint fins ultrasonic n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a 0.850 n/a n/a 10 195

SunWin, Austria AF24UE4 2009 2.4 38 Al copper 0.5 Mirotherm plate laser harp Al frame Al rock wool no 3.2 91.0 EN12975 3 0.770 3.367 0.017 5 819

Tekno Energy, Italy PS001 2008 2.7 55 copper copper 0.2 n/a plate ultrasonic double harp Al frame Al rock wool (50) yes 4.0 90.4 EN12975 3 0.794 2.869 0.031 10 910

Termicol, Spain T25S-R 2009 2.4 42 copper copper 0.2 Eta plus fins ultrasonic harp Al frame Al rock wool no 3.2 91.0 EN12975 3 0.769 3.946 0.017 n/a 675

TiSUN, Austria FM-S 2,5 2010 2.6 47 Al copper 0.5 Mirotherm plate laser meander Al frame Al mineral wool (40) no 4.0 90.7 EN12975 3 0.781 3.650 0.016 10 n/a

Transsen, Brazil Magnum V2.0 2008 2.0 42 Al copper 0.8 selective paint fins clamping harp Al frame AlPU + Kraft + glass wool (40)

no 3.15 n/aaccording to Inmetro 10,11 0.791 n/a n/a 5 n/a

U.F.E Solar, Germany Ecostar III Blue 2002 2.2 37 copper copper 0.2 Tinox plate soldering harp Al frame PC rock wool (40) yes 4.0 90.0 EN12975 3 0.775 3.460 0.015 10 399

Unasol, Brazil Onyx P100 2010 1.1 12 PP PP 1.0 selective paint plate soldering double meander Al frame plastics PU (20) yes 3.0 89.0 NBR 15569 n/a 7.970 0.750 3 n/a

Wagner & Co, Germany Euro L42 2011 2.3 33 Al copper n/a PVD plate laser double harp Al frame Al rock wool (30) yes 3.2 91.0 EN12975 3,4 0.780 3.950 0.014 10 n/a

Watt, Poland 4000 S/SU 2009 2.1 39 copper n/a 0.2 Eta plus plate soldering harp Al frame Al rock wool (50) yes 3.0 96.0 EN12975 3 0.845 4.100 0.016 10 525

Weishaupt, Germany 2 WTS-F2 2010 2.5 40 Al copper 0.5 Mirotherm plate laser meander Al frame Al rock wool (60) no 3.2 91.0 EN12975 3 0.814 3.527 0.012 10 769

Wikora, GermanyWikosun 2020-Mi

n/a 2.0 39 Al copper n/a Mirotherm plate laser harp Al frame Al n/a (30) yes 3.2 n/a EN12975 3 0.774 3.830 0.010 10 556

Zen, Netherlands STC S 2800 n/a 2.8 55 copper copper 0.2 black chrome plate soldering meander Al frame n/a glass wool (55) yes 3.2 92.0 EN12975 3 0.785 3.470 0.016 10 n/a

Overview of standard flat plate collectors






Absorber tubing


Absorber coatings

Absorber type





Side insulation




a2 [W/m²·K²] 1

Guarantee [years]


Papaemmanouel, GreeceASL0580.S86RS-2,72m²

2010 2.7 52 Al copper 0.5 Mirotherm plate laser harp Al frame aluzinc rock wool (30) yes 4.0 92.0 EN12975 3,4 n/a 4 n/a n/a 5 n/a

Power Partners Solar, USA 2001 2007 1.9 17 copper copper n/a selective fins forge welded meander Al frame Al PU (25.4) yes 6.3 n/a n/a 0.610 n/a n/a 10 n/a

Prosunpro, China STC-2-VC-C 2007 2.0 43 copper copper 0.15 Eta plus fins ultrasonic harp Al frame Al glass wool yes 3.2 or 4.0 89.0 or 93.0 EN12975 3 0.716 3.038 0.026 5 120

Reinhard, Germany SOL6 NiOX 2009 2.4 45 Al copper 1.0 Niox fins soldering harp Al frame Al glass wool (60) yes 4.0 92.0 EN12975 3 0.783 3.458 0.014 10 857

Roth Werke, Germany Heliostar 218 S4 2011 2.2 32 Al copper n/a Sunselect plate laser harp PC tray - rock wool no 3.2 92.0 EN12975 3,4 n/a n/a n/a 10 n/a

Sammler, Greece Alter2504 2010 2.6 53 Al copper 0.5 Sunselect plate laser meander Al frame aluzinc rock wool (40) yes 4.0 91.0 EN12975 3 0.817 3.750 0.011 10 n/a

Savo-Solar, Finland SF100-03 2011 2.2 34 Al Al 0.45 Memo fins 14 n/a double harp Al frame Al mineral wool (50) yes 3.2 96.1 n/a 0.910 2.300 0.037 n/a n/a

Schüco, GermanyStandard line collector CTE 215 CH

2011 2.1 31 Al copper n/a PVD plate glueing meander Al frame Al mineral wool n/a 3.2 90.0 EN12975 3 0.820 4.068 0.012 10 n/a

Sigma, Greece S2 n/a 2.0 40 copper n/a 0.12 PVD fins ultrasonic n/aAl or galva-nized frame

Al or galva-nized

rock wool no 4.0 88.0 n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a

Solahart, Australia Bt n/a 1.9 31 copper copper 0.2 Tinox plate laser harp Al frame Al glass wool (38) yes 3.289.0 up to 91.0

EN12975 3 0.800 3.860 0.010 5 n/a

Solarbooster, Turkey SB2M-LFDB v2 2010 2.2 43 Al copper 0.5 Sunstrip fins roll bonding meanderAl or galva-nized tray

-PU + glass wool (45)

yes 4.0 91.0SB2M-LFDB, EN12975 3

0.788 3.743 0.008 5 198

Solarfocus, Austria CPC S1 1993 2.8 55 copper copper 0.2 Eta plus fins ultrasonic double harp Al tray - not needednot needed

4.0 91.0 EN12975 3 0.741 3.311 0.012 10 n/a

Solaris, Spain CP2 2006 2.3 40 Al copper 0.5 Mirotherm plate laser meander Al frame Al n/a (25) yes 3.2 91.7 EN12975 5 n/a n/a n/a 5 715

SolarPolar, Iran FM16 Elite 2010 1.8 n/a Al copper 0.5 PVD fins soldering harp Al frame galvanized rock wool (40) no 4.0 90.6 EN12975 5 n/a n/a n/a 2 n/a

Sole, Greece Climasol 270 1996 2.7 55 copper copper 0.2 PVD plate laser harp Al frame steel rock wool (40) yes 4.0 88.5 EN12975 3,4 0.723 3.400 0.016 5 n/a

Soletrol, Brazil Max Metali-Plast 2010 2.0 17 Al PP 0.3 selective paint fins clamping harp Al frame Al n/a no 3.0 EN12975 5 n/a n/a n/a 5 57 up to 130

Soliker, Spain SK12 2011 2.1 31 Al copper 0.4 Mirosol plate laser harp Al frame plastics PU (20) yes 3.2 91.0 EN12975 5 0.700 4.400 0.011 10 416

Soltop, Switzerland Cobra n/a 2.0 33 copper copper 0.2 black chrome plate laser meander Al frame Al rock wool (50) yes 4.0 91.6 EN12975 3 0.815 3.810 0.013 5 or 10 n/a

SOLution, Austria SOLrose26 2010 2.6 44 Al copper 0.4 Eta plus plate laser harp Al frame Al rock wool (50) no 3.2 91.0 EN12975 3 0.809 3.587 0.014 10 749

Solver, Poland GAKm2.5 meander 2010-11 2.6 55 copper copper 0.2 Eta plus plate soldering meander Al frame Al rock wool (40) yes 4.0 92.0 EN12975 5 0.839 3.610 0.017 10 n/a

STI, Germany FKA 2010 2.0 31 Al Al 0.4Tinox or Eta plus

plate ultrasonic meander Al frame Alrock wool or synthetic resin

yes 3.2 95.0 EN12975 3 > 0.800 3.200 0.009 10 n/a

STS, Slovenia Hydra 2011 2.0 35 copper copper 0.2Eta plus or Sunselect

fins ultrasonic harp Al frame Al rock wool no 4.0 91.0 - 0.830 3.660 0.008 5 n/a

Sunda, China PG2.0-P/L 2011 2.0 34 Al copper 0.4 Tinox plate laser harp Al frame galvanized glass wool (30) yes 3.2 91.0 EN12975 0.750 3.350 0.016 5 n/a

Sunex, Poland SX 2.0 n/a 2.0 38 copper copper 0.2 Eta plus plate ultrasonic double harp Al frame Al rock wool yes 4.0 95.0 EN12975 3 0.788 3.522 0.010 6 n/a

Sunjunior, Japan FAL-S2SF 2008 2.0 34 Al copper 0.4 Eta plus fins ultrasonic harp Al frame steel glass wool (35) yes 3.2 91.0 JIS A4112 n/a n/a n/a 5 n/a

Sun Master, Austria SSK27_05 2010 2.7 45 Al copper 0.5 Eta plus plate laser meander Al frame Al rock wool (50) no 4.0 91.3 EN12975 5 0.814 5 3.415 5 0.016 5 7 n/a

Sunway, Mexico SM-37V 1980 2.0 35 copper copper 0.21 selective paint fins ultrasonic n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a 0.850 n/a n/a 10 195

SunWin, Austria AF24UE4 2009 2.4 38 Al copper 0.5 Mirotherm plate laser harp Al frame Al rock wool no 3.2 91.0 EN12975 3 0.770 3.367 0.017 5 819

Tekno Energy, Italy PS001 2008 2.7 55 copper copper 0.2 n/a plate ultrasonic double harp Al frame Al rock wool (50) yes 4.0 90.4 EN12975 3 0.794 2.869 0.031 10 910

Termicol, Spain T25S-R 2009 2.4 42 copper copper 0.2 Eta plus fins ultrasonic harp Al frame Al rock wool no 3.2 91.0 EN12975 3 0.769 3.946 0.017 n/a 675

TiSUN, Austria FM-S 2,5 2010 2.6 47 Al copper 0.5 Mirotherm plate laser meander Al frame Al mineral wool (40) no 4.0 90.7 EN12975 3 0.781 3.650 0.016 10 n/a

Transsen, Brazil Magnum V2.0 2008 2.0 42 Al copper 0.8 selective paint fins clamping harp Al frame AlPU + Kraft + glass wool (40)

no 3.15 n/aaccording to Inmetro 10,11 0.791 n/a n/a 5 n/a

U.F.E Solar, Germany Ecostar III Blue 2002 2.2 37 copper copper 0.2 Tinox plate soldering harp Al frame PC rock wool (40) yes 4.0 90.0 EN12975 3 0.775 3.460 0.015 10 399

Unasol, Brazil Onyx P100 2010 1.1 12 PP PP 1.0 selective paint plate soldering double meander Al frame plastics PU (20) yes 3.0 89.0 NBR 15569 n/a 7.970 0.750 3 n/a

Wagner & Co, Germany Euro L42 2011 2.3 33 Al copper n/a PVD plate laser double harp Al frame Al rock wool (30) yes 3.2 91.0 EN12975 3,4 0.780 3.950 0.014 10 n/a

Watt, Poland 4000 S/SU 2009 2.1 39 copper n/a 0.2 Eta plus plate soldering harp Al frame Al rock wool (50) yes 3.0 96.0 EN12975 3 0.845 4.100 0.016 10 525

Weishaupt, Germany 2 WTS-F2 2010 2.5 40 Al copper 0.5 Mirotherm plate laser meander Al frame Al rock wool (60) no 3.2 91.0 EN12975 3 0.814 3.527 0.012 10 769

Wikora, GermanyWikosun 2020-Mi

n/a 2.0 39 Al copper n/a Mirotherm plate laser harp Al frame Al n/a (30) yes 3.2 n/a EN12975 3 0.774 3.830 0.010 10 556

Zen, Netherlands STC S 2800 n/a 2.8 55 copper copper 0.2 black chrome plate soldering meander Al frame n/a glass wool (55) yes 3.2 92.0 EN12975 3 0.785 3.470 0.016 10 n/a

Al = aluminium; stainless = stainless steel; PVD = physical vapour depositon coatings; ultrasonic = ultrasonic welding; laser = laser welding; PC = polycarbonate; PP = polypropylene; PU = polyurethane; galvanized = galvanized steel1 based on aperture; 2 manufacturer is Ernst Schweizer AG, Switzerland; 3 Solar Keymark labeled; 4 SRCC labeled; 5 Solar Keymark certification is in progress; 6 SEC Chile labeled; 7 ICI labeled; 8 CSA labeled; 9 SABS labeled; 10 ANSI/ASHRAE 93-2003 ABNT/NBR 10184/1988 ASTM E 823-81 FSEC-GP-5-80; 11 Inmetro labeled; 12 converted from rupee; 13 converted from US dollar; 14 fins with all-over direct flow; 15 modular Source: company data



Solarfocus GmbH from Austria has set up a robot-assisted automatic collector mounting line in 2010. “Our intentions were the further improvement of quality, the use of 2-component silicone sealing and the increase of our production capacities,” says Marlene Pfeiffer, International Marketing. In addition to conventional flat plate solar panels, Solarfocus also manufactures a special type of collector called CPC flat plate collector. On the inside, aluminium CPC mirrors focus the sun’s rays onto a vertically mounted absorber. “Due to the illumination of the absorber from both sides, the rear of the absorber

that normally loses heat, is avoided. So the CPC col-lector does not require any insulation,” says Pfeiffer. A vacuum inside the housing also protects the ab-sorber from condensate.

A new flat plate manufacturer hails from Finland: Savo-Solar Oy. “The factory has started its operation during the last 12 months and we are still ramping up the capacity step by step,” says CTO Kaj Pischow. Savo-Solar do not only have a unique collector con-cept, they also manufacture the highly selective MEMO absorber coating. What is so special about the Savo-Solar collector? It is a fully flooded absorber

Ensol employs aluminium for the absorber plate and pipes for the ultrasound-welded meander collector ES 2V/2,0S Al.

ESC employs a clinching method for their alumini-um-copper absorbers. A heat transfer plate on the rear side is wound around the copper pipe and then attached with rivets.

Ezinç has developed a mechanical clamp-ing method for absorber fins and use these absorbers for their collector series XBA.

The new, modular and expandable collector Esploso TX250 from G.M.P. features a hydraulic meander system.

The 2.0 m2 collec-tor Super Foil from Johnsun Heaters is a harp type collector with copper absorbing strips for horizontal installation.

http://www.sammler.gr


consisting of extruded profiles made of the corro-sion-resistant aluminium alloy HyLife from Norsk Hydro. Simulations have demonstrated that the flow through the parallel channels is very even. The opti-cal efficiency rate of the collector with a Savo-Solar full Al absorber reaches 91 %. In addition to alumin-ium absorbers, Savo-Solar also manufactures fully flooded copper absorbers as well as conventional aluminium-copper absorbers. Apart from using the absorbers for their own collectors, they also aim to sell them to OEM customers.

Plastics becoming more important

A special collector comes from Israel. Last year, Magen Eco Energy opened a production line for ful-ly glazed polymeric collectors (see also article on Israel on page 56). Previously, the company had on-ly manufactured uncovered swimming pool absorb-ers. The main advantages of the plastic collector are described by Itzik Amar, Vice President Marketing, as follows: light weight, corrosion resistance and freeze resistance. In addition, the collector features a patented venting mechanism to prevent overheat-ing of the polymer absorber. Magen is consistent in its use of plastics for their collectors. Not only the

KBB produces its own absorber coating for the K 420-LC.

The Eco collector from Kioto Clear Energy is a full-surface absorber up to 4 x 10” for the US market.

Cidersol bank on aluminium-aluminium absorbers Photo: Cidersol

www.savo-solar.fi

Award winning innovati onHeart of the High Effi ciency Savosolar collector is the Award Winning Full Al absorber. Savosolar collectors are also produced with full Cu direct fl ow absorbers and Al-fi n/Cu absorbers. also produced with full Cu direct fl ow absorbers and Al-fi n/Cu absorbers.

• Highly eff ecti ve absorbers• Innovati ve venti lati on system• Collector components are glued to

guarantee long life ti me• Composite corner pieces for toughness,

effi cient assembly and safe to handle• Possibility to have frame and corner

pieces in diff erent colors

High effi ciency Savosolar collectors

Find out more on Savosolar products from our website

http://www.savo-solar.fi


ColleCtor market overview

absorber but also the cover is made of a polymer material.

Using plastics for the absorber material is not new. A year ago, the Brazilian company Transsen Aquecedor Solar introduced the Porto Seguro (see S&WE 7/2010, page 56). For the cover, Transsen still uses glass, however. The new Onyx from Unasol Aquecimento Solar Ltda. from Brazil also features a glass cover. All internal parts are made of polypro-pylene. “You do not need an anti-freeze system in cold Brazilian regions,” CEO José Augusto Lawisch explains the use of plastic.

Soletrol Ind. e Com. Ltda., also from Brazil, are in-creasingly relying on plastics. They have developed a patented process to bond omega-shaped aluminium absorber fins to polypropylene tubes. According to José Raphael Bicas Franco, International Sales Direc-tor, the metal-plastic combination is to be applied both in glazed and unglazed collectors. The glazed version is called Soletrol Max Metali-Plast and has been on the market since 2010. Last year, Soletrol completed a new building and thus extended their manufacturing plant by more than 3,000 m².

In recent months, the optimisation of production processes including material logistics was on the agenda at the Austrian company SunWin GmbH. TiSUN GmbH, also from Austria, is to open new pro-duction lines very soon.

The traditional Jordanian company Ideal Solar employs aluminium or steel fins for its collectors sold under the brand Hanania. Photo: Ideal Solar

http://www.baymak.com.tr


Taner Yildiz, Turkey’s Minister of Energy and Natural Resources, officially inaugurated Ezinç’s new manu-facturing facility for aluminium extrusion profiles in mid-May. From left: Hakan Alas, Managing Director of Ezinç, Taner Yildiz, Ali Ezinç, Chairman of Ezinç. Photo: Ezinç

http://www.termicol.es



The Ideo XL from Ouraset is fitted with a laser-welded, full-plate alumini-um absorber.

The MS2.5 from Módulo Solar is a laser-welded full-surface collector with an aluminium absorber.

Saphirline: aluminium ab-sorbers are also new at Nau.

The Aelios ALS from Nobel features an all-aluminium absorber.

With the OP-V4AL, Openplus launches a new aluminium absorber series.

More and more aluminium: the once-dominant copper absorber is slowly becoming a niche product. Only 25 companies still sell more collec-tors with copper absorbers than with aluminium absorbers. For 39 companies, including all major manufacturers, aluminium absorbers are the main business. Source: company data

Aluminium as absorber plate is unstoppable

0 5 10 15 20 25

0 % up to 10 %

11 % up to 20 %

21 % up to 30 %

31 % up to 40 %

41 % up to 50 %

51 % up to 60 %

61 % up to 70 %

71 % up to 80 %

81 % up to 90 %

91 % up to 99 %

100%

2011 2010

Share of aluminia absorbers

number of manufacturers

0 5 10 15 20 25

0 % up to 10 %

11 % up to 20

21 % up to 30 %

31 % up to 40 %

41 % up to 50 %

51 % up to 60 %

61 % up to 70 %

71 % up to 80 %

81 % up to 90 %

91 % up to 99 %

100%


Share of copper absorbers

0 5 10 15 20 25

0 % up to 10 %

11 % up to 20 %

21 % up to 30 %

31 % up to 40 %

41 % up to 50 %

51 % up to 60 %

61 % up to 70 %

71 % up to 80 %

81 % up to 90 %

91 % up to 99 %

100%

2011 2010



0 5 10 15 20 25

0 % up to 10 %

11 % up to 20 %

21 % up to 30 %

31 % up to 40 %

41 % up to 50 %

51 % up to 60 %

61 % up to 70 %

71 % up to 80 %

81 % up to 90 %

91 % up to 99 %

100%

2011 2010



0 5 10 15 20 25

0 % up to 10 %

11 % up to 20

21 % up to 30 %

31 % up to 40 %

41 % up to 50 %

51 % up to 60 %

61 % up to 70 %

71 % up to 80 %

81 % up to 90 %

91 % up to 99 %

100%



0 5 10 15 20 25

0 % up to 10 %

11 % up to 20

21 % up to 30 %

31 % up to 40 %

41 % up to 50 %

51 % up to 60 %

61 % up to 70 %

71 % up to 80 %

81 % up to 90 %

91 % up to 99 %

100%




Ezinç Metal A.S., from Turkey, have improved their in-house production depth and opened a new production line in Kayseri for the manufacture of alu-minium extrusion profiles for solar collector frames and supports. “This new production line has a capac-ity of 2,500 tons of aluminium profiles per year,” says Kutay Ülke, Export Department Executive.

Switching to aluminium plates

Sammler SA from Greece, however, have already re-newed their production lines. For the collector series that was presented last year (see S&WE 7/2010, page 56), the company added a new production line set up parallel to the existing line for the Aris series on the Aspropyrgos production site in Athens. Sammler is among the companies that had switched to aluminium plates for absorbers several years ago. The German company CitrinSolar GmbH, however, had previously only used copper and is now manu-facturing collectors with aluminium absorbers for the first time. To this end, the company expanded the existing production line for the CS 300 M in a way that now also allows for the manufacture of the new CS 500 4F. “We realised a flexible carrier applicable for both collector types and integrated a robot for mounting the solar glass on the aluminium frame,” explains General Manager Michael Ganslmeier.

In conclusion, CitrinSolar now manufactures two collectors whose absorbers consist of an aluminium plate and copper tubing. In case of the CS 150 AF, on-ly the former copper absorber was replaced. The CS 500 4F, however, is the first collector in the CitrinSolar portfolio featuring an absorber meander, which is an absorber with a diverging and converging header for the meander pipe. This type has a lower pressure loss. “Hence, a higher number of collectors can be connected in parallel in one row,” says Ganslmeier. Moreover, the draining of the collector in cases of stagnation is optimised.

In 2010, aluminium and copper were found almost equally often as absorber materials. 23 companies in-dicate that they have been using copper absorbers

Papaemmanouel manufactures the ASL0580.S86RS with 1.5 m², 1.82 m², 2.00 m², 2.37 m² and 2.72 m² collector surface area. It features a laser-welded aluminium absorber.

The all-aluminium collector from Savo-Solar is fully flooded.

http://www.solartech.com.my



exclusively since 2010. In 2011, this number is down to 13 (see graphic on page 88). Among the manufac-turers now using aluminium absorbers are CitrinSolar, Termicol Energía Solar, S.L. from Spain, Sunway de México SA de CV from Mexico, Elsol Solar Energy Systems Ltd. from Israel, Emmvee Solar Systems Private Limited from India, Johnsun Heaters Ltd. from Cyprus, Nau GmbH from Germany and Ensol (Energety-ka Solarna Sp. z o.o.) from Poland.

Not only the newcomers but also almost all other manufacturers claim that the proportion of collectors with aluminium absorbers is to increase strongly in their 2011 sales. Therefore, 2011 will be the year in which the breakthrough of the aluminium plate will have finally succeeded.

With ultrasound, it’s possible

Companies like CitrinSolar, which don’t manufacture their own absorbers, are still having a relatively easy time making the switch. All others also have to deal

with the acquisition of the equipment required for absorber manufacture. Until recently, the market merely offered the option of buying a laser welding system for those who did not want to develop me-chanical roller or clamping technologies. This how-ever, requires a high investment and pays off only with sufficiently large quantities. In the meantime, ultrasonic welding of aluminium has advanced so far that collector manufacturers are spoilt for choice.

Openplus Lda from Portugal have opted for ultra-sonic welding. The company purchased an ultrason-ic welding machine from Schunk Sonosystems. “With this machine, we can manufacture the absorbers with plate and fins made of copper and aluminium,” says Export Manager Miguel Rios. Sunway de México SA de CV and Ensol also weld aluminium plates and copper pipes with ultrasound. “We launch a new alu-minium fin solar absorber either for pools or domes-tic hot water only by changing the size of the header and riser,” explains Jorge Dávila Garza, founder and owner of Sunway de México.

The Hydra from STS - Solar Thermal Systems is a collector with copper fins.

The GAKm2.0 is a meander collector. Solver weld the copper absorber.

STI join the aluminium plate to the alumini-um tube by means of ultrasonic welding.

The new collector line SK12 from Soliker features a laser-welded aluminium absorber.

As with all their collec-tors, Schüco employs its heat transfer technology - with which an aluminium guide plate is bonded to a copper pipe - for the CTE 319 CH.

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The classic: laser welding

The US Rheem Manufacturing Company, to which the Australian Solahart solar pioneer belongs, has con-structed a robot-based laser welding system in the Solahart factory in Welshpool, Western Australia. “The automated production line allows for bonding dissimilar metal absorbers and arrays, providing both additional strength and improved heat trans-fer,” says Product Manager Shane Currie.

Kioto Clear Energy S.A. de C.V. from Mexico has commissioned a laser welding machine to manufac-ture full-surface absorbers of up to 4 X 10” for the US market. New laser welding machines were also set up at Nobel, D. Xilinakis & Co from Greece and Módulo Solar SA de CV from Mexico.

Nobel has introduced the new collector series Aelios. The Aelios is available in four variants, in-cluding a version with an all-aluminium absorber. For financial reasons, the solar thermal industry had

The PG2.0-P/L from Sunda features a laser-welded aluminium absorber.

For the first time, Sun Master has added a meander collector with an aluminium absorber sheet to its standard product range with the SSK27_05.

The new production line for the FK9000 at GREENoneTEC is pretty fast. Photo: GRENoneTEC

http://www.sunsystem.bg



The PSC009 from Tekno Energy is bent. This opens up new possibilities of integrating the collector into the architecture of the building.

The AF24UE4 from SunWin is designed for roof- integrated installation.

TiSUN have launched a 2.0 m2 FM modular flat plate collector for horizontal and vertical installation.

Transsen has developed a clamping method for the aluminium-copper absorber of their Magnum collector.

Watt uses robots in its new fully automated production line. Photo: Watt

http://www.hewalex.pl


The Euro L42 HTF from Wagner & Co can be mounted vertically or horizontally.

previously only forced the switch from copper ab-sorber plates to aluminium plates but some compa-nies are now also beginning to employ aluminium in the manufacture of the absorber tubing as well. Nobel is one of them, just as the Polish collector manufacturer Hewalex. Watt and STI Solar-Technolo-gie-International GmbH from Germany had already introduced their all-aluminium absorbers at the In-ternational Sanitary and Heating trade fair ISH, which was held in Frankfurt/Main in March. For this survey, Ouraset, a brand of the Turkish company Tansuğ Makina San. Ve Tic Ltd. Şti., Cidersol Tecnología Solar from Spain and Ensol all indicated collector types with all-aluminium absorbers.

Mechanically joining aluminium and copper

Even though a handful of companies are now manu-facturing all-aluminium absorbers, collectors featur-ing the material combination of aluminium plate and copper pipe currently set the standard. The Turkish manufacturer Suntrip Turkey, who employ the alu-minium absorber fins with the press-fitted copper pipes from the traditional Swedish company Sunstrip, have developed a special collector for low-flow drain-back systems called Solarbooster 2M-LFDB. One noteworthy aspect: as with the CPC collector from Solarfocus, the space between the glass cover and the absorber is evacuated. Two sen-sor ports are also integrated on the level of the ab-sorber. “This allows for an accurate delta measure-ment,” says Bartu Bugatur, Assistant General Man-ager. The collector is equipped with a polyurethane injection insulation which is protected from heat emitted from the absorber by an additional foil- coated layer of glass wool. Sunstrip absorbers are al-so used by the Iranian manufacturer SolarPolar Co. for their new collector M16 ELITE FL50 - Optimal.

The combination of aluminium fins and copper pipes is also employed by Ezinç. The company devel-oped a patented mechanical clamping method to join the two metals. “These absorbers are manufactured with a patented method that does not involve weld-ing, heating, extra materials or paste,” says Kutay

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ManufacturerCollector model

Year of launch




Absorber tubing


Absorber coatings

Absorber type


HydraulicsFrame material

Backsheet Collector insulation [mm]

Side insulation Glass thickness [mm]


Tested standard

η0 1 a1 [W/m²·K] 1 a2 [W/m²·K²] 1Guarantee [years]

AKS Doma, Austria Alu Flex 20103.5 up to 14.6

321 2 Al copper 0.5 Sunselect fins laser harp Al frame Al rock wool yes 4.0 91.2 EN12975 6 0.852 4.618 0.015 5

Chromagen, Israel CR-140 2002 3.4 53 Al or copper copper 0.4on customer request

fins or full plate

ultrasonic or laser

harp Al frame PP PU + rock wool yes 3.2 91.6 OG-100 7 n/a n/a n/a 10

Ensol, Poland DIS50 2009 5.2 94 copper copper 0.2 Eta plus full plate ultrasonicdouble meander

Al frame Al rock wool (40) yes 4.0 91.0 EN12975 6 0.822 3.276 0.025 5

Ezinç, TurkeySuperline 3XL USB

2009 3.6 63 copper copper 0.12 PVD fins ultrasonic harp Al frame Al or plasticssynthetic resin or rock wool

yes 4.0 91.0 OG-100 7 n/a n/a n/a 5

G.M.P. engineering, Italy TX250-30 2005 n * 0.8 3 12 4 Al copper 0.5Ets plus or Sunselect

full plate laser meander Al frame Al rock wool (40) yes 4.0 91.0 EN12975 0.785 5.000 0.010 10

GREENoneTEC, Austria GK3100 2008 10.1 170 Al copper 0.4 Mirotherm full plate laser meander Al frame Al mineral wool (50) no 3.2 91.0 EN12975 6 0.789 3.834 0.011 10

Istek, Turkey 40-800 2007 3.7 65 copper copper 0.12selective paint or PVD

fins ultrasonic harp Al frame Al PU yes 4.0 n/a OG-100 7 n/a n/a n/a 5

Nau, GermanyMegaline XL

20116.1 up to 9.2

135 up to 223

Al copper 0.6 Sunselect full plate laser harpwooden frame

wood rock wool (50) yes 3.2 EN12975 6 0.793 3.408 0.013 5

Schüco, GermanyCTE 920 CH 2

2011 11.0 200 Al copper n/a PVD4 full plates

glueing meander Al frame Al mineral wool (50) n/a 4.0 90.0 EN12975 6 0.790 n/a n/a 10

Solarbooster, Turkey SB35 2010 3.5 52 Al copper 0.5 Sunstrip fins 5 roll bonding n/a Al frame Al rock wool (50) yes 4.0 90.0 EN12975 n/a n/a n/a n/a

SolarPolar, Iran FL50 2011 5.4 n/a Al copper 0.5 PVD fins soldering harp Al frame galvanized rock wool (40) no 4.0 90.6 n/a n/a n/a n/a 2

Soleg, Germany HFK-K n/a4.0 up to 21.0

n/a copper copper 0.2 Tinox n/a ultrasonic harpwooden frame

wood n/a wood 4.0 n/a EN12975 6 0.771 3.575 0.011 n/a

Sun Master, Austria SMK100 2007 10.2 223 Al copper 0.5 Mirotherm full plate laser harpwooden frame

wood rock wool (50) no 3.2 89.7 EN12975 6 0.793 3.408 0.013 5

TiSUN, Austria FA 1/3 n/a3.2 up to 16.6

n/a Al copper 0.5 Mirotherm full plate laser meander Al frame Al mineral wool (40) no 4.0 90.3 EN12975 6 0.745 3.260 0.019 10

Wagner & Co, Germany LBM 10 2010 11.1 218 Al copper n/a PVD full plate laser meander Al frame Al PU + rock wool (44) no 4.0 91.0 EN12975 6 0.830 3.520 0.015 10

Ülke. “As the riser pipes have a diameter of 16 mm, these collectors have a better natural circulation in thermosiphonic systems.” Ezinç manufactures the collectors of the XBA series in three sizes: in M (2.08 m²), L (2.28 m²) and XL (2.78 m²). All models of this collector type have the Solar Keymark certificate in accordance to EN-12975 standards. Ezinç can also employ this new mechanical joining method for the manufacture of aluminium-aluminium or copper- copper absorbers.

Transsen Aquecedor Solar has also developed a clamping method for joining aluminium plates and copper pipes and named the technology Ultra con-tact. “The evolution of full contact between alumini-um and copper will yield an improved cost/benefit ratio for the specific application,” says International Business Coordinator Marcelo Machado. Transsen has also developed an improved ventilation called Vent-plug. It serves to avoid problems that might be caused by humidity inside the collector, thus guaran-teeing improved efficiency and a longer service life of the collector.

A new method for manufacturing absorbers is also employed by the Austrian company ESC Energy Systems Company GmbH. Similar to the bonding pro-cess of the German manufacturer Schüco, an omega-shaped aluminium strip is wrapped around the cop-per tube on the back of the aluminium plate but in-stead of bonding, ESC employs a pressure stamping method. “To join harp and sheet, we use an entirely automated clinching machine,” says Sales Manager Martin Wilhelmer. One advantage of this technology is

that the copper pipe enclosed within the aluminium can expand freely when heated. The absorber does not deform as much as is typical for laser-welded ab-sorbers. This is expected to result in a better long-term stability of the absorber compared to laser weld-ing. The disadvantage of the additional material costs for the omega plate is to be offset by the lower energy costs incurred by this method.

Ecological insulation

Just like the Solarbooster, the V Tec II of Sunerg Solar srl from Italy is a tray collector. The special feature here is the insulation. Sunerg employs Italian sheep wool. Copper remains the material of choice for the absorbers. Emmvee Solar Systems Private Limited from India are also working on a tray collector. They have successfully built the samples and testing is completed. It should be ready for the market by late 2011 or early 2012.

The German heating technology manufacturer Max Weishaupt GmbH has launched the WTS-F2 col-lector generation. The company has made improve-ments to the bonding of the glass cover, also by means of an integrated manifold. Weishaupt is one of the heating technology specialists who do not manufacture their own collectors. There are three new collector lines at Astersa Aplicaciones Solares S/A from Spain: ECO, NEO and TOP (see S&WE 5/2011, page 134). Elsol Serbia have now also started to manufacture models with Tinox-copper absorbers.

Table 2: Overview of large area flat plate collectors

Still a niche: large-scale collectors look good on façades, in fields and on large flat roofs. Source: company data


ManufacturerCollector model

Year of launch




Absorber tubing


Absorber coatings

Absorber type


HydraulicsFrame material

Backsheet Collector insulation [mm]

Side insulation Glass thickness [mm]


Tested standard

η0 1 a1 [W/m²·K] 1 a2 [W/m²·K²] 1Guarantee [years]

AKS Doma, Austria Alu Flex 20103.5 up to 14.6

321 2 Al copper 0.5 Sunselect fins laser harp Al frame Al rock wool yes 4.0 91.2 EN12975 6 0.852 4.618 0.015 5

Chromagen, Israel CR-140 2002 3.4 53 Al or copper copper 0.4on customer request

fins or full plate

ultrasonic or laser

harp Al frame PP PU + rock wool yes 3.2 91.6 OG-100 7 n/a n/a n/a 10

Ensol, Poland DIS50 2009 5.2 94 copper copper 0.2 Eta plus full plate ultrasonicdouble meander

Al frame Al rock wool (40) yes 4.0 91.0 EN12975 6 0.822 3.276 0.025 5

Ezinç, TurkeySuperline 3XL USB

2009 3.6 63 copper copper 0.12 PVD fins ultrasonic harp Al frame Al or plasticssynthetic resin or rock wool

yes 4.0 91.0 OG-100 7 n/a n/a n/a 5

G.M.P. engineering, Italy TX250-30 2005 n * 0.8 3 12 4 Al copper 0.5Ets plus or Sunselect

full plate laser meander Al frame Al rock wool (40) yes 4.0 91.0 EN12975 0.785 5.000 0.010 10

GREENoneTEC, Austria GK3100 2008 10.1 170 Al copper 0.4 Mirotherm full plate laser meander Al frame Al mineral wool (50) no 3.2 91.0 EN12975 6 0.789 3.834 0.011 10

Istek, Turkey 40-800 2007 3.7 65 copper copper 0.12selective paint or PVD

fins ultrasonic harp Al frame Al PU yes 4.0 n/a OG-100 7 n/a n/a n/a 5

Nau, GermanyMegaline XL

20116.1 up to 9.2

135 up to 223

Al copper 0.6 Sunselect full plate laser harpwooden frame

wood rock wool (50) yes 3.2 EN12975 6 0.793 3.408 0.013 5

Schüco, GermanyCTE 920 CH 2

2011 11.0 200 Al copper n/a PVD4 full plates

glueing meander Al frame Al mineral wool (50) n/a 4.0 90.0 EN12975 6 0.790 n/a n/a 10

Solarbooster, Turkey SB35 2010 3.5 52 Al copper 0.5 Sunstrip fins 5 roll bonding n/a Al frame Al rock wool (50) yes 4.0 90.0 EN12975 n/a n/a n/a n/a

SolarPolar, Iran FL50 2011 5.4 n/a Al copper 0.5 PVD fins soldering harp Al frame galvanized rock wool (40) no 4.0 90.6 n/a n/a n/a n/a 2

Soleg, Germany HFK-K n/a4.0 up to 21.0

n/a copper copper 0.2 Tinox n/a ultrasonic harpwooden frame

wood n/a wood 4.0 n/a EN12975 6 0.771 3.575 0.011 n/a

Sun Master, Austria SMK100 2007 10.2 223 Al copper 0.5 Mirotherm full plate laser harpwooden frame

wood rock wool (50) no 3.2 89.7 EN12975 6 0.793 3.408 0.013 5

TiSUN, Austria FA 1/3 n/a3.2 up to 16.6

n/a Al copper 0.5 Mirotherm full plate laser meander Al frame Al mineral wool (40) no 4.0 90.3 EN12975 6 0.745 3.260 0.019 10

Wagner & Co, Germany LBM 10 2010 11.1 218 Al copper n/a PVD full plate laser meander Al frame Al PU + rock wool (44) no 4.0 91.0 EN12975 6 0.830 3.520 0.015 10

PVD = physical vapour depositon coatings; ultrasonic = ultrasonic welding; laser = laser welding; Al = aluminium; PP = polypropylene; PU = polyurethane; galvanized = galvanized steel 1 based on aperture; 2 weight of the biggest collector, specific weight: 22 kg/m2 ; 3 modular; 4 single module; 5 up to 7 m long; 6 Solar Keymark labeled; 7 SRCC labeled

Biasi, a trademark of the Italian company BSG Caldaie a Gas SRL Biasi, have launched two new models. The 25 SOL HE H is a horizontal solar collec-tor with a copper-copper absorber and the 20 SOL TOP is a vertical solar collector with an aluminium-copper absorber.

With these two models, the company aims to of-fer its customers more options. Ariston Thermo Spa have developed quick hydraulic connections for the

XP 2.5 to allow for rooftop installations without tools. Maintenance is facilitated as well. “Collector replace-ment is now possible without dismounting the col-lector array,” says solar thermal Product Manager Marco Guaitini.

G.M.P. engineering sas, also from Italy, have re-vised their Termocoppo system. Termocoppo is a modular collector which is composed of individual segments that are only joined together to form a

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collector when actually on the roof. “This year, we started to manufacture the modules with copper tubes with a diameter of 12 mm instead of 8 mm. The connection between modules is maintained by means of small bent copper tubes, so the hydraulic circuit becomes a pure meander,” says General Manager Giuseppe Pullini.

A Atual Industria e Comércio de Aquecedores Ltda. from Brazil have also worked on their hydrau-lics. “We added one tube to the meander,” so Com-mercial Coordinator Claudiomar Danilo da Silva. In-stead of seven, there are now eight tubes. This shifts the absorber surface and the tubes are exposed to the sunlight.

Antireflective glass on the upswing

Two years ago, only four companies had indicated that they manufactured collectors with antireflective glass (see S&WE 6/2009, page 40). Now, it is seven companies: Wagner & Co Solartechnik GmbH from Germany, Schüco International KG from Germany,

Sunex Sp. z o. o. from Poland, Soliker, Watt, Módulo Solar, STI and SunWin. Wagner & Co are one of the manufacturers who have been using antireflective glass for a long time. Last year, Wagner & Co have ex-panded their product range to include the Euro L20 MQ AR. “The collector can be mounted horizontally. It is designed for the parallel connection of up to ten collectors in a row. The collector glazing with sunarc antireflective glass yields a high collector output,” says Product Manager Matthias Alois Beck. This year, the Euro L42 HTF was added which can be installed both vertically and horizontally.

Large collectors for large surfaces

For several years now, Wagner & Co have also been manufacturing special large-scale collectors that are used in large-scale solar stations. As of yet, this mar-ket has remained a niche whose most well-known ac-tors would be Arcon Solar A/S from Denmark and ökoTech Produktionsgesellschaft für Umwelttechnik m.b.H. from Austria. Arcon has already implemented several thousand square metres of collector arrays in

The robot bends meanders at GREENoneTEC. Photo: GREENoneTEC

ColleCtor market overviewSolar thermal

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1,000 m2 for large-scale collectors. GREENoneTEC are new to this segment. The world’s currently larg-est plant, constructed in the Princess Noura Bint Ab-dulrahman University for Women in Saudi Arabia last year, is equipped with large-scale collectors from the Austrian global market leader (see S&WE 10/2010, page 26). While the traditional large-scale collectors from Arcon and ökoTech contain a harp absorber, GREENoneTEC employs meanders with collector pipes. Typical large-scale collectors are larger than 10 m2. Arcon, for example, manufactures solar col-lectors with a surface area of 13.6 m2. The German company Soleg GmbH even manufacture collectors of up to 21 m2.

The advantage of large-scale collectors particu-larly comes to bear when they are installed on the ground or on flat roofs. In these cases, installation is quick and does not cost much. Another application is the integration into the building envelope. For exam-ple, Wagner & Co offers a solar roof whose entire roof surface is covered by custom-made collectors.

AKS Doma Solartechnik GmbH from Austria is also among the large-scale pioneers. They made a name for themselves particularly with collector- covered façades. In 2010, the company launched a new generation of large-scale collectors. “The prod-ucts are much lighter now – with a weight reduction of 25 % – and offer improved performance character-istics”, says CEO Ernst Bertsch. This July, Schüco are set to present their new large-area collector CTE 920 CH with 11 m². Soleg are currently developing new models. “We have an experimental setup of large flat plate collectors with 3 x 10 m2,” Alexander Eckerl, Di-vision Manager for Solar Thermal Heating and Wood-Fired Heating, reported. To date, Soleg employed copper absorbers and now they are working on all-aluminium absorbers made of aluminium plates and pipes.

Jens-Peter Meyer

ESC clinch their absorbers in an automatic process. Photo: ESC

the megawatt class in Scandinavia. Ökotech manu-factures the collectors that S.O.L.I.D. Gesellschaft für Solarinstallation und Design mbH then use for large-scale solar stations worldwide. Neither of the com-panies participated in our survey.

However, both TiSUN GmbH from Austria and Wagner & Co have already provided arrays of over

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Further information:A Atual Industria e Comércio de Aquecedores Ltda.: www.aatual.com.brAKS Doma Solartechnik GmbH: www.aksdoma.comAriston Thermo SpA : www.aristonthermo.comAstersa S.A.: www.astersa.netBatec Solvarme A/S: www.batec.dkBaymak Mak. San ve Tiv. A.Ş.: www.baymak.com.trBiasi (BSG Caldaie a Gas srl): www.biasi.itBipin Engineers Pvt. Ltd: www.bipsun.comBritec Ltd. Chilean: www.britec.clCalpak-Cicero Hellas SA: www.calpak.gr Chiryu Heater: www.chiryuheater.jpChromagen: www.chromagen.bizCidersol Tecnología Solar S.L.: www.cidersol.esCitrinSolar GmbH Energie- und Umwelttechnik: www.citrinsolar.deDimas SA: www.dimas-solar.grElsol Serbia: www.elsol.co.rsElsol Solar Energy Systems Ltd: www.elsol.co.ilEmmvee Solar Systems Private Limited: www.emmveesolar.comEnerWorks Inc: www.enerworks.comEnsol (Energetyka Solarna ensol Sp.z o.o.): www.ensol.plEraslan (Eraslanlar Insaat Sanayi Ve Tic LTD. STI.): www.eraslan.com.trErnst Schweizer AG Metallbau: www.schweizer-metallbau.chESC Energy Systems Company GmbH: www.esc-solar.atEzinç Metal San. Tic. A.S.: www.ezinc.com.trGeosolar: www.geosolar.co.zaG.M.P. engineering Sas: www.termocoppo.itGREENoneTEC Solarindustrie GmbH: www.greenonetec.com

Hanania (Ideal Solar Energy Co. Ltd.): www.hanania.joIstek (Solar Isı Sistemleri San. ve Tic. A.Ş.): www.isteksolar.com.trItho Daalderop: www.ithodaalderop.comJohnsun Heaters Ltd: www.johnsun-solar.com.cyKBB Kollektorbau GmbH: www.kbb-solar.com Kioto Clear Energy S.A. de C.V: www.kioto.comMagen Eco Energy: www.magen-ecoenergy.comMax Weishaupt GmbH: www.weishaupt.deMódulo Solar SA de CV: www.modulosolar.com.mxNau GmbH: www.nau-gmbh.deNES – New Energy Systems Ltd: www.sunsystem.bg Nobel, D. Xilinakis & Co: www.nobel.grNRG Technologists Pvt Ltd: www.nrgtechnologists.comOpenplus Lda.: www.openplusonline.comOuraset (Tansuğ Makina San. Ve Tic. Ltd. Şti.): www.ouraset.comPapaemmanouel SA: www.papaemmanouel.grPower Partners Solar: www.powerpartnerssolar.comProsunpro Solar Energy Co.,Ltd: www.prosunpro.comReinhard Solartechnik GmbH: www.reinhard-solartechnik.deRotex Heating Systems GmbH: www.rotex.comRoth Werke GmbH: www.roth-werke.deSammler SA : www.sammler.grSavo-Solar Oy: www.savo-solar.fiSchüco International KG: www.schueco.comSigma SA: www.sigma-sa.com Solahart Industries Pty Ltd: www.solahart.comSolarbooster (Sunstrip Turkey): www.sunstrip.com.trSolarfocus GmbH: www.solarfocus.atSolaris S.A.: www.solaris.es SolarPolar: www.solarpolar.ir

Sole S.A.: www.eurostar-solar.com

Soleg GmbH: www.soleg.de

Soletrol Ind. e Com. Ltda.: www.soletrol.com.br

Soliker: www.soliker.com

Soltop Schuppisser AG: www.soltop.ch

SOLution Solartechnik GmbH: www.sol-ution.com

Solver Sp. z o.o.: www.solver.katowice.pl

STI Solar-Technologie-International GmbH:

www.sti-solar.de

STS - Solar Thermal Systems : www.sts-inc.eu

Sunda (Beijing Sunda Solar Energy Technology

Co., Ltd.): www.sundasolar.com

Sunerg Solar Srl: www.sunergsolar.com

Sunex Sp. zo.o.: www.sunex.pl

Sunjunior: www.sunjunior.co.jp

Sun Master Energiesysteme GmbH:

www.sun-master.at

Sunway de Mexico SA de CV:

www.sunwaymx.com.mx

SunWin Energy Systems GmbH:

www.sunwin-energy.com

Tekno Energy: www.teknoenergy.it

Termicol Energía Solar, S.L.: www.termicol.es

TiSUN GmbH: www.tisun.com

Transsen: www.transsen.com

U.F.E Solar Vertriebsgesellschaft mbH:

www.ufesolar.de

Unasol: www.unasol.com.br

Wagner & Co Solartechnik GmbH:

www.wagner-solar.com

Watt Sp. z o.o.: www.watt.pl

Wikora GmbH: www.wikora.de

Zen renewables: www.zenrenewables.com

http://www.halcor.gr

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