The Industrial Revolution

What is the Industrial Revolution?

A shift in production from simple hand tools to complex machines and human and animal power to steam power.

The Beginnings Industrial Revolution (I.R.) born in Britain

from 1750 – 1850

Change occurs when production of goods shifts from the artisan’s workshop to mass production in factories.

I.R. spread from Britain to Europe and North America to the rest of the globe

Industrial Revolution led to advancements in:

Science – Speed of light, Bunsen Burner

Technology – Sewing Machine, Steam Engine,

Communications

Medicine – Surgery, Anesthetics

3 Causes of the Industrial Revolution

2nd Agricultural Revolution

1. Crop Rotation2. Fertilizer3. Enclosing land, led to migration to

citiesResult: Increased agricultural productivity.

Population Explosion

1. Less famine, less disease2. More food3. Healthier babies4. People lived longer

New Sources of Energy

1. Wind 2. Water, Steam3. Coal

Why Britain?1. Natural resourcesA. Large supplies of coalB. Tons of Iron

2. Human ResourcesA. Available workforce, Population

upB. Less farmers, more factory workers

3. New Technology – Enlightenment Thinkers

A. Adam Smith ~ CapitalismB. Karl Marx ~ MarxismC. Liberalism

4. Economic Conditions

A. Large population meant more demand for goods

B. Strong stable governments that promoted economic growth

C. Over seas marketsD. Laizze-faire economicsE. Investment Capital (Money)

5. Political and Social Attitudes

A. Navy protected shippingB. Religion promoted hard work

Biggest “New” IndustryTextiles

1.Clothes, furniture, home furnishings.

2.Machines, assembly lines, mass production

3.Factories4.Links to American Slavery

Transportation Revolution

1.River ways2.Private roads3.Railroads

Growth of Cities1. Rural to Urban – growth of cities2. Family size was not increasing, people

were living longer.3. Improved methods of farming4. Food storage improved5. Food distribution improved6. Medical advancements and improvements7. Public sanitation

Life in Large Cities – Paris, London1. Rich vs. Poor

2. Larger wider streets, pavement3. Public Centers4. Trolley lines5. Police and Fire Dept6. Gas lamps7. Sewers8. Skyscrapers, Eiffel Tower9. Cultural Centers10. Factories

Industrial Revolution and its Effect on Cities and

PeopleFactory Work

1.Rise of factories and increases in pollution

2.Long hours3.Harsh conditions, unsafe,

unsanitary

4. Overcrowding5. Child Labor6. Change in the way workers’

lived7. Establishment of working and middle classes

Industrial Revolution Reform

1.Establishment of Middle class

2.Labor unions3.Government Intervention4.Religious Movements -

Methodists

Understanding the New Problems

1. Making the Connection and Fighting Disease, Contaminated Water

2. Scientists develop “germ theory” microbes cause disease

3. Doctors did not want to believe it

Louis Pasteur ~ Father of Microbiology

1870 – Louis Pasteur linked (microorganisms) germs to disease and developed a vaccine for rabies and is figured out the pasteurization of milk and the fermenting of wine and beer.

Major Diseases

1. Tuberculosis – Killed 30 million people2. Yellow Fever3. Malaria – spread by mosquitoes, standing

water4. Cholera5. Infection

Cures1. Anesthetic2. Baths3. Change Clothes4. Wash Hands5. Wash Instruments6. Cleaner Hospitals

Long-Term Effects of I.R.

1. Increase in new and relatively inexpensive products.

2. Spread of industrialization globally.3. Development of large corporations and

other new ways of organizing businesses.4. Expansion of public education5. Expansion of the middle class

Long-Term Effects of I.R.

1. Fierce competition among industrialized nations for world trade.

2. Progress in medical care and nutrition3. Growth of Women’s movements4. Development of new, technologically

advanced weapons.