the importance of measurement as a key component of an...
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2016/SOM3/SCSC/WKSP/016
The Importance of Measurement As a Key Component of an Effective Quality Infrastructure to
Support MSMEs
Submitted by: Australia
Workshop on Supporting MSMEs Trade Facilitation Through Standardization Activities
Lima, Peru16-17 August 2016
The importance of measurement as a key component of an effective quality infrastructure to support MSMEs
Dr Victoria Coleman
a/g Section Manager, Nanometrology
National Measurement Institute Australia
36 Bradfield Road, West Lindfield, NSW 2070
Workshop Supporting Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) Trade Facilitation through Standardization Activities, APEC 2016, Lima, Peru
“To measure is to know.”
I often say that when you can measure what you are speaking about, and express it in numbers, you know something about it; but when you cannot measure it, when you cannot express it in numbers, your knowledge is of a meagre and unsatisfactory kind; it may be the beginning of knowledge, but you have scarcely, in your thoughts, advanced to the stage of science, whatever the matter may be.
William Thompson, Lord Kelvin Lecture on "Electrical Units of Measurement" (3 May 1883), published in Popular Lectures Vol. I, p. 73
Why Measurement?
An effective national quality infrastructure underpins almost all aspects of modern life, including fostering innovation and facilitating trade
Environment Trade
Health
Forensics
Regulation
Transport Manufacturing Safety
Energy Resources Food & Agriculture Construction
Presentation Overview
• Where are measurements needed in MSME value-chain?
• What kind of Measurements are needed?
– Accurate, precise, comparable and internationally recognised measurements!
• A global measurement infrastructure.
– How to make accurate, precise and comparable measurements
– The SI, the Metre Treaty, the BIPM and the CIPM-MRA
• Measurements and Measurement Standards
– How measurements link to other quality infrastructure
• What a good measurement infrastructure can do for MSMEs
– Case studies
• Where to go for more information
Standards and Conformance: Linking R&D to Industry
Concept Development Manufacturing Trading
Characterisation
Leading-edge science
Facilities
Prototyping
Testing
Validation
Quality assurance
Process optimisation
Standards
Regulation
www.nesta.org.uk/publications/infratechnologies
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Technology Readiness Levels
MSMEs
Where accurate, precise and comparable
measurements are important for MSMEs
Product Development
Quality Control Safety and informed choice
Trade
Accurate and precise measurements
Making measurements comparable
“…Inca skill in engineering works almost required a system of measurement at least as exact as that in use in 16th-century Europe.”
Rowe, John H. 1946. “Inca Culture at the Time of the Spanish Conquest,” in Handbook of South American Indians, vol. 2, ed. Julian H. Steward; Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution, 323.
Inca Word Description Distance
Rika Distance of a man’s outstretched arms
162 cm
Sikya One half rikra. 81 cm
Khococ Distance from elbow to tip of the hand
~ 45 cm
K’apa Size of a palm 20 cm
Yuku Tip of outstretched thumb and forefinger
10 cm
Making measurements comparable
Making measurements comparable
By NASA/JPL/Corby Waste - http://www.vitalstatistics.info/uploads/mars%20climate%20orbiter.jpg (see also http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/pictures/solar/mcoartist.html), Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=390903
Mars Climate Orbiter “…on September 23, 1999, communication with the spacecraft was lost as the spacecraft went into orbital insertion, due to ground-based computer software which produced output in non-SI units of pound-seconds (lbf s) instead of the SI units of newton-seconds (N s) specified in the contract between NASA and Lockheed.”
Internationally recognised measurements: The International Measurement System
The Metre Convention: 1875
“establish new metric methods, conserve the metre and the kilogram, carry out comparisons necessary to assure the uniformity of measures throughout the world”
Internationally recognised measurements: The SI
Mass (kg) Luminous intensity (cd) Amount of substance (mol) Electric current (A) Temperature (K) Time (s) Length (m)
From the SI to large array of derived units
Force – compression
Area Humidity
Electrical power
Antenna gain
Liquid flow
Gas flow
Force – tension
Microphone sensitivity
Sound level Vibration Time of day
Time interval Frequency
Transformer ratio
Lightning immunity
Electromagnetic compatibility
RF impedance Temperature - contact
Attenuation
Temperature - optical
Electromagnetic immunity
Density
Standard compliance
Frequency response
Dew point
RF noise
E/M field strength ESD testing
Magnetisation
Nano particle size
Mass
Pressure
Inductance
Capacitance Laser power
Mass flow
Coercivity
RF power
Reflectivity Magnification
Resistance
DC Voltage
Luminance
Irradiance Radiant flux
Colour Spectral response
Length
Volume
Angle Flatness
Laser frequency Phase Power factor
Roughness
Roundness
Power quality
AC Voltage
Wavelength
Complex shape
EDM testing
AC current DC current
Dose
Quantity Chemical identity
… over a vast range of magnitudes nV to MV, mg to T, mL/min to m3/sec
Speed
International comparisons
between NMIs
CIPM-MRA between
NMIs
Trade $$
Regu
lation
Efficiency
Social
Ben
efit
National
measurement infrastructure
The task of the BIPM is to ensure world-wide uniformity of measurements and their traceability to the International System of Units (SI).
The International Measurement System
Traceability
National secondary standards
National primary standards
SI units
National legal units
Industrial working standards
Working standards
Industry (MSMEs), commerce and the community
Inspectors Industrial and test equipment
Regional TM standards and reference standards
Accredited lab reference standards
International comparison
Build up/down 1 mg to 20 kg
Calibration services
International Prototype Kilogram K
Australian primary kilogram
Metrology and trade
WTO – TBT Agreement, Article 6: Recognition of Conformity Assessment by Central Government Bodies – Article 6.1.1:
“adequate and enduring technical competence of the relevant conformity assessment bodies in the exporting Member, so that confidence in the continued reliability of their conformity assessment results can exist; in this regard, verified compliance, for instance through accreditation, with relevant guides or recommendations issued by international standardizing bodies shall be taken into account as an indication of adequate technical competence;”
Regulators rely on the underpinning metrology base in calling on the use of international standards & accreditation.
Note: Metrology = Measurement Science
THE CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA)
Established in 1999 in support of world trade to provide the technical basis for acceptance of national measurement standards and calibration and measurement certificates of National Metrology Institutes (NMIs):
• to provide greater confidence in, and knowledge of, the measurement capabilities of NMIs, particularly for the regulatory and accreditation communities;
• to provide international recognition of and to improve the realisation of national standards by NMIs;
• to reduce TBTs caused by lack of traceability and equivalence - “equivalent” calibration certificates accepted world-wide.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CIPM AND ILAC MRAs
NMI
CIPM MRA
ILAC MRA
Economy 1 Economy 2
Free Trade
Cal. & Test Laboratories
Accreditation Body
Products & services
NMI
Cal. & Test Laboratories
Products & services
Accreditation Body
Inclusion in 2013 ILAC Policy on the Traceability of Measurement Results (P10): • “49,000 accredited and testing laboratories world-wide are linked back to the international
system, helping ensure the unbroken chain of measurements used by industry and wider society to the SI” [BIPM; SI: International System of Units]
Evaluation of the economic benefits of the CIPM MRA
• Participants cover > 95% of world trade
• Conservative estimates of the impact of the CIPM MRA in reducing TBTs: > US$4 billion
• Evidence of trade facilitation:
– Chinese NMI as service provider for Ericsson significant savings
– DSME-BP (USA) accepted traceability to Korean NMI, savings ~US$10m
– Requirement for Singapore accredited calibration and testing laboratories to be traceable to CIPM MRA signatories to support Singapore industry
Asia Pacific Metrology Programme (APMP)
Pakistan
India Bangladesh
Nepal
People’s Republic of China
Thailand Vietnam
Chinese Taipei
Republic of Korea
Japan
Hong Kong, China
Philippines
Malaysia Sri Lanka
Singapore
Indonesia Fiji
Australia
New Zealand
Egypt
South Africa
Syria
Russia DPR Korea
Full Member Economies (laboratories) – 24 (40) Associate Member Economies (laboratories) – 7 (7) ASEAN Members – 7 (of 10) Signatories of CIPM MRA – 18 (5) ASEAN CIPM MRA Signatories – Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, Vietnam
Mongolia
Jordan
Papua New Guinea
Kazakhstan
Kenya
Dubai, UAE
Cambodia
Measurement and National Quality Infrastructure
National Quality
Infrastructure
Standards
Conformance
Scientific Metrology/
Measurement
Legal Metrology
NQI • Enhances and
ensures quality of products and services
• Facilitate Trade • Enables
Innovation
For MSMEs this means: • Enhanced competitiveness and innovation • Reduction in TBTs & fair trade • Safe, responsible & sustainable development
Scientific Metrology/Measurement
support for MSMEs
National Quality
Infrastructure
Standards
Conformance
Scientific Metrology/
Measurement
Legal Metrology
Metrology skillset: - Measurement standards - Measurement methods - Reference materials - Reference measurements - Instrument calibration - Instrument verification Which benefits MSMEs by providing: - Proficiency testing - Custom measurement solutions - Training - Consultation - Collaboration - Networking and access to linkages - Assistance for overcoming TBTs and
meeting regulations - Access to infrastructure
One component to help MSMEs
overcome issues
Case Study: Translation of discovery to commercial product
Discovery Commercialisation Standardisation
‘Diagnostic Technology and UNSW saw value in working with NMI to create an internationally recognised standard that would become the benchmark for toxin gene quantification,” Mark Van Asten, Managing Director of Diagnostic Technology.
• ROFIN Australia is a leading SME and manufacturer of LED optical technologies.
• ROFIN needed to demonstrate compliance with international photobiological safety standards in order to meet South African Police tender requirements for a multi-million dollar contract to supply forensic light sources. Commercial testing capabilities were unavailable in Australia and international providers could not meet ROFIN’s tight timeframes.
• The scientific measurement expertise within my department’s National Measurement Institute (NMI) supports companies to commercialise their research and development projects and be internationally competitive. NMI drew on its range of high-level scientific expertise to rapidly develop testing capabilities for ROFIN’s product, enabling it to win the tender against international competition. ROFIN is developing a new product range and intends to involve NMI in the pre-commercialisation development and testing phase.
Case Study: ROFIN www.rofin.com.au
NASA/JPL/Corby Waste
Metrology infrastructure is a large, well established, internationally linked resource that is well equipped to help MSMEs in a range of different ways, but particularly in solving
measurement related problems.
• Your economy's NMI
• Your Government
• Your Regional Metrology Organisation
– SIM (Americas) www.sim-metrologia.org.br
– APMP (Asia-Pacific) www.apmpweb.org
How can we link into the measurement infrastructure and resources that are available?
Presentation Summary
• Measurements help to support MSME’s overcome the challenges in bringing a product to market. They assist in production/innovation phase, meeting trade and regulation requirements, meeting quality targets and ensuring safe and responsible use.
• There is an established infrastructure to give MSMEs access to accurate, precise, comparable and internationally recognised measurements.
– Facilitated through the SI, the Metre Treaty, the BIPM and the CIPM MRA
• Measurements and Measurement Standards are one component of the Quality Infrastructure
• APMP is a resource for APEC economies – synergies to be maximised by linkage with APEC SME Working Group
A network of resourced facilities are available globally with expertise to directly apply to help MSMEs overcome technical problems – please support and make use of it!
Department of Industry, Innovation and Science | National Measurement Institute
PO Box 264
Lindfield, NSW 2070
Telephone +61 2 8467 3820
Thank you – any questions?