the impact of using water why is continuous...

© 2014 by DB Sediments

GWSP WEF Nexus Conference

Bonn, Germany, 19.05.2014

Dr. Dietrich Bartelt, DB Sediments, Germany

The Impact of Using Water

Why is Continuous Sediment Transfer in Reservoirs

and Rivers so important for

Sustainability in the Water-Energy-Food Nexus?


DB Sediments GmbH Based on Environmental Know how

Founded on 09.03.2009 in Duisburg, Germany

Founders – experts each with more than 20 years of international utility

back ground, project management, renewable energies

Management experience, environmental leadership

International research programs since 1994 (i.e. 5th EU FWP, …)

Innovation Management

Environmental Technology „Made in Germany“

Headquarter at Tectrum – Technologie Zentrum

2 GWSP WEF Nexus Conference, Bonn, 19.-20.05.2014


Global Water Storage Capacity Increasing Loss

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

Ye

ar

190

0

190

5

191

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5

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5

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5

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Net Storage Capacity Storage Capacity Lost Capacity (Sedimentation/Siltation)

Glo

ba

l Sto

rag

e C

ap

ac

ity

[B

illio

n m

³]

Source: Based on data from Jenzer and Cesare (2005) and GWSP Digital Water Atlas (2008)

GWSP WEF Nexus Conference, Bonn, 19.-20.05.2014


Global Risk Perception Survey Environmental Risks are most likely and have highest impact

GWSP WEF Nexus Conference, Bonn, 19.-20.05.2014 4

Environmental Risks

• Extreme weather events

• Natural catastrophes • Man-made

environmental

catastrophes

• Biodiversity loss and

ecosystem collapse • Water crises

• Climate change

Source: World Economic Forum; Global Risks Perception Survey 2013-2014; www.weforum.org/risks.


Sediment – Mismanagement Increasing Flood Risk – Pakistan, Strong Monsoon, August 2010


Source: AG Friedensforschung; http://www.ag-friedensforschung.de

© 2014 by DB Sediments 6

There is more than water that “flows” in a river The reduction of velocity causes sedimentation and siltation

The Use of Water Impact to the Ecosystem



The Two Sides of Sedimentation Sediment Surplus upstream / Sediment Deficit downstream



Problems without Sediment Example: Sediment deficit River Rhine

Source: Alpreserve *, Bundesanstalt für Wasserbau (Koblenz), Hülskens Wasserbau (Wesel) WSA DU, http://www.wsv.de/ftp/presse/2012/00191_2012.pdf

Locks Iffezheim:

about 400.000 t/a

artificial adding of

Sediments

Sedimentdeficit

D/NL-boarder:

about 2.500.000 t/a

about 230.000 t/a


Adding Sediments is expensive

2012: WSA Duisburg 24 Mio. €


Wave Dynamics Qualitative Change with/without Sediment Transport


Wave with Sediment

Wave without Sediment


A river is an Eco-system Sediments are an integral part of this system

Source: Global Water System Project www.gwsp.org


© 2014 by DB Sediments GWSP WEF Nexus Conference, Bonn, 19.-20.05.2014

Source: Google Maps (2011)

Sediment Deficit Coast Erosion (e.g. Egypt,…)


Mississippi River System Decoupling of water and sediment flows


Quelle: Meade, R. H. (2010). Sediment Transport and Deposition in Rivers: The Case for Non-Stationarity. In World Bank Group (Ed.): World Bank Document, A REVIEW OF SELECTED HYDROLOGY TOPICS TO SUPPORT BANK OPERATIONS. Papers from the Workshop (pp. 69-76, Annex)., National Geographics, May 2014


Sediment Mismanagement Death Threat to the Delta (eg Mississippi)


Quelle: Don Swenson (2012) The Rise and Disappearance of Southeast Louisiana. http://www.nola.com/speced/lastchance/multimedia/flashlandloss1.swf

©

New Orleans

1930 2010

©

1930


ConSedTrans – Method System Sensitive Solution - Continuous Transfer of Sediments



RWE Innogy GmbH Continuous Sediment Management in Olsberg, Germany



automated vessel size 1

Suitable equipment System Sensitive Solution

manual small dredge vessel Larger/other/additional and

customized equipment

upon request:

- electric or diesel driven

- dredging depth up more than 200 m

- unlimited capacity and/or sediment transfer range

dredge vessel size 2

- diesel driven - depth up to 15 m

- electric driven - depth up to 8 m

- electric driven - depth up to 40 m



Risk Analysis Existing and Projected Dams

Assessment of the original storage volume

- by processing of the original layout of the reservoir

Determination of

- the lost, silted or sedimented

volume of the reservoir,

- the silting rate of the dam,

and

- the estimation of the probable dam life,

under consideration of the necessary operational range of the

reservoir.

Furthermore, an analysis will comprise

- possible consequences, like the blockage of the bottom outlet of

the dams by sliding sediments and

- risk of flooding caused by the reduction of the retention volume of

the reservoir. 17 GWSP WEF Nexus Conference, Bonn, 19.-20.05.2014


Roseau Reservoir St. Lucia Risk Analysis / Rehabilitation Dam/Reservoir



Nurek Dam, Tajikistan Site, Sedimenttransport



The new process spends multiple benefit

• Positive environmental effects:

• The process restores (and improves) natural river morphology.

• Sediment “in Flow”.

• It is environmentally and fish friendly.

• Keep quality and level of groundwater.

• Biodiversity in the river and in the coastal areas of the oceans.



The new process spends multiple benefit.

• Positive operational and economical effects:

• The reservoir can be used completely again.

• avoid enormous dump costs and/or

• avoid generation losses.

• Reduction of flood risk



Final Remarks

• Dramatic developing decrease of global storage capacity for water

• The River is an Ecosystem - Sediments are an important part of the system

• There is an urgent need for a holistic sediment management in rivers and reservoirs

• Proper Flood Management needs Proper Sediment Management

• The impact of using water can be compensated by continuous sediment transport

• There is no economic solution without an ecological solution

• The ConSedTrans- Method can contribute to handle the risk of sedimentation and siltation, flooding, soil and coast erosion, and saltation of groundwater



“If you cut the transport of sediment in a river – you kill life in the river, as well as in the delta area

of the river in the ocean”.

Juan Pablo Orrego Silva, Alternative Nobel Prize Winner, Bonn, Germany, 15.11.2011

DB Sediments GmbH

Bismarckstr. 142

D-47057 Duisburg, Germany

T. +49-203-306-3620

F. +49-203-306-3629

[email protected] www.db-sediments.com


http://www.db-sediments.com/




Basics Solids/Sediment intrusion into water bodies

Source : Alpreserve, Wilhelm Bechteler: Sedimentationsquellen und Transportprozesse

Major influence factors:

rock/ground type

precipitation level and intensity

vegetation type and condition

surface slope

ungrazed bush, forest

grasslands, meadows

sorghum

bald fallow land

explanation:

land loss by erosion in tons per ha (hectare)

surface flow in % of precipitation



Basics Hjulström-Diagram


Grainsize in mm

Flo

wsp

ee

d in

cm

/s


The Two Sides of Sediment Within the Reservoir: Sediment Surplus

Sediment accumulation in reservoirs leads to:

reduced flood protection

reduced storage capacity for hydro power peaking/seasonal storage

reduced storage for irrigation / drinking water supply

reduced biodiversity inside the reservoir (and i.e. higher temperatures, less oxygen)

WCD / ICOLD state that sedimentation in reservoirs exceeds the actual new build of reservoirs.

Every year almost 1 % of worldwide storage volume is lost.

20 % of all reservoirs will be inoperable by 2050.

sediment management is an urgent issue


Picture: Süddeutsche Zeitung 06.06.2014, http://tinyurl.com/kdme64h


The Two Sides of Sediment Downstream: Sediment Deficit

Replacement of missing sediment is costly (e.g. Colorado, Rhine)

Missing sediment/changed morphology downstream of reservoirs cause:

... riverbed and bank erosion

... foundation failure of civil hydro structures

… agricultural substrate deficit

… change of aquatic ecosystem

... methane emissions from impounded rivers

… re-infiltration of saltwater into groundwater at river delta/coastline

… coastline erosion



Present solutions Attempts that cause negative effects

1. Reservoir flushing by opening the base outlet

applicable when sedimentation reaches the dam

effective only for area near to outlet

loss of tremendous amounts of water and power production

strong negative ecological effects downstream

2. Manual dredging

usually plant offline for some months

enormous dump cost

reservoirs benthos structure destroyed

further erosion downstream

3. Dredging campaign with disposal downstream

requires large amounts of propulsion water

destroys benthos structure up- and downstream

short term sediment surplus downstream



Flushing of a Reservoir Langmannsperre, Austria, 2008-2009



Roseau Reservoir, St. Lucia Function and Purpose

John Compton Dam is a

concrete faced rockfill dam

Built in 1995; H=40 m

Drinking Water Supply,

Flood Protection

Storage Capacity

3.0 Mio m³ (2014 over 1.0

Mio. m³ lost through

sedimentation/siltation)

„Mono-Use“ due to missing regulation

besides drinking water

pumps)


Risk Analysis Bathymetric Survey – Water Depth



Risk Analysis Bathymetric Survey - Sediment Thickness (2005 - 2014)



Risk Analysis Sediment Volume - Allocation per Section (50 m each)



ConSedTrans Method Remote Controlled Dredgers

Winches for mooring an

positioning

Safer because no humans are needed onto the barge

Pump capacity up to 250-450 m³/h - High solid content

Discharge distance up to 600m

Working depth up to 35m

Power 100 HP

Delivery pipe diameter 200 mm (8”)

Solids passage 60 mm


the impact of using water why is continuous...

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