the impact of 33--d visiond vision 33--d vision in our d

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The Impact of The Impact of 33--D Vision in our D Vision in our High Tech WorldHigh Tech Worldgg

Dr. Kris Kerestan Dr. Kris Kerestan

GarbigGarbig

[email protected]@fuse.net

33--D VisionD Vision

Optometry’s unique opportunityOptometry’s unique opportunityin early detection of visual problemsin early detection of visual problems

Use of 3Use of 3--D technology in entertainmentD technology in entertainmentand educationand education

Public visual health awareness Public visual health awareness

Visual skills needed to Visual skills needed to see in 3see in 3--D?D?

You need two well-functioning eyes, with clear vision in each

Y d h d h k f f i You need to have mastered the task of focusing on objects near & far

You need to develop the ability to coordinate eye movements

You need to “fuse” the different images coming from each eye into one 3D perception

Early detectionEarly detection

AmblyopiaAmblyopia Refractive errorRefractive error Binocularity dysfunctionBinocularity dysfunction Binocularity dysfunctionBinocularity dysfunction Accommodative dysfunctionAccommodative dysfunction

Eye movement deficiencyEye movement deficiency Visual developmental delaysVisual developmental delays Declining school and sports performance Declining school and sports performance


Result is monocular vision

LAZY EYE (Amblyopia)One eye dominates the other and vision signals from the

non-dominant eye are ignored

People with amblyopia do not experience stereopsis

Need diagnosis and treatment as early as possible

Before using 3D viewing as risk assessment tool, many children with conditions causing amblyopia went undetected and untreated

Amblyopia CorrectionAmblyopia Correction

Glasses or ContactsGlasses or Contacts

PatchingPatching TraditionalTraditional

Eye dropsEye drops

Vision therapyVision therapy

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• Nearsightedness (myopia)• Farsightedness (hyperopia)• Astigmatism (image is blurred no matter

where you look)

REFRACTIVE PROBLEMS

where you look)

• Two eyes not properly aligned• Strabismus (eye turn) is present• Inputs from the two eyes not successfully

combined in the brain and 3D stereoscopic perception will not occur

LACK OF BINOCULAR VISION

Correction of Correction of Refractive Error Refractive Error

Glasses and/or Glasses and/or

Contact lensesContact lensesContact lensesContact lenses

MyopiaMyopia

HyperopiaHyperopia

AstigmatismAstigmatism

Binocular Vision Binocular Vision CorrectionCorrection

Initial correction of amblyopia Initial correction of amblyopia

and/or refractive error and/or refractive error


In office VTIn office VT Computerized VTComputerized VT


Seeing double

EYE COORDINATION DIFFICULTIES

Difficulty in keeping the two eyes aligned can result in:

Eye fatigue

Avoidance of close up work, such as reading

Quality of the 3D viewing experience compromised

Eye Coordination DifficultiesEye Coordination Difficulties

Double visionDouble vision Avoidance of close Avoidance of close work and readingwork and reading

FatigueFatigue

Eye Coordination Eye Coordination CorrectionCorrection


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EYE FOCUSING (Accommodation) DIFFICULTIESOur eyes need to change focus when viewing objects at

different distances. When viewing 3D displays, individuals having difficulty can experience:

Blur

Headache

Discomfort

Correction of Correction of AccommodationAccommodation

Reading lensesReading lenses Vision therapyVision therapy


Early detection of amblyopia, refractive error, Early detection of amblyopia, refractive error, binocularity, focusing and eye movement binocularity, focusing and eye movement problems will also result in… problems will also result in… pp

Earlier detection of…Earlier detection of… Visual developmental delaysVisual developmental delays Learning related visual problemsLearning related visual problems Drop in school and/or sports performance Drop in school and/or sports performance

Understanding the 3Understanding the 3--D Viewing D Viewing ExperienceExperience

Is it uncomfortable watching 3Is it uncomfortable watching 3--D?D?

33--Ds of Stereoscopic Ds of Stereoscopic 33--D ViewingD Viewing

DDizziness/Nausea:izziness/Nausea:

Exaggerates visual motionExaggerates visual motion

hypersensitivity (VMH) response,hypersensitivity (VMH) response,

which which can cause motion sicknesscan cause motion sickness

and vergenceand vergence--accommodationaccommodation

conflict conflict

Feeling of dizziness or nauseaFeeling of dizziness or nausea

during or after viewing 3D during or after viewing 3D

contentcontent

Causes of 3Causes of 3--D Viewing ChallengesD Viewing Challenges

DIZZINESS AND NAUSEA –Can be caused by rapid motion effects in the 3D content

These vision-induced sensations of movement disagree with “balance system” which informs the individual that she/he is not moving

This conflicting sensory information can cause vision-induced motion sickness

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DDiscomfort:iscomfort:Eyes must converge in Eyes must converge in front of or behind the front of or behind the screen to view 3Dscreen to view 3Dscreen to view 3D screen to view 3D images which can images which can potentially create potentially create eyestrain and eyestrain and headaches. headaches.

****Sitting at a greaterSitting at a greater

distance from the screendistance from the screen

can help relieve straincan help relieve strain


Lack of Lack of DDepth:epth:

A viewer lacking binocular A viewer lacking binocular ggvision simply won’t see 3D. vision simply won’t see 3D. While this doesn’t pose anyWhile this doesn’t pose anyproblem viewing the screen, it problem viewing the screen, it serves as a “vision screening” serves as a “vision screening” that something is abnormal that something is abnormal with the viewer’s binocularwith the viewer’s binocularvisionvision

Why don’t people go to Why don’t people go to the eye doctor?the eye doctor?

60% of Americans above age 40 say there is60% of Americans above age 40 say there isNONO immediate or perceived immediate or perceived reason reason to goto go

56% of Americans between ages 1856% of Americans between ages 18--38 have 38 have symptoms related to binocular vision problemssymptoms related to binocular vision problems

Public awareness/education of the 3Public awareness/education of the 3--DDsymptoms of 3symptoms of 3--D viewing may potentiallyD viewing may potentiallydrive patients to our offices if they experiencedrive patients to our offices if they experiencethe symptoms the symptoms

Snellen Acuity ChartSnellen Acuity Chart

Poor screening toolPoor screening tool(used for the past 150 yrs)(used for the past 150 yrs)

Only 27% sensitiveOnly 27% sensitiveyy Misses most…Misses most…

HyperopiaHyperopia AstigmatismAstigmatism Imbalanced refractive errorImbalanced refractive error Binocular problemsBinocular problems Focusing problems Focusing problems Alignment issuesAlignment issues Eye movement problems Eye movement problems

33--D ViewingD Viewing

Superior screening toolSuperior screening tool

4747--94% sensitivity94% sensitivity4747 94% sensitivity94% sensitivity

Detects most Detects most Refractive error & ImbalancesRefractive error & Imbalances

Binocular, Convergence & Binocular, Convergence &

Accommodative insufficiencyAccommodative insufficiency

Eye Alignment & MovementEye Alignment & Movement

difficultiesdifficulties

Children’s Vision Children’s Vision EXAM LegislationEXAM Legislation

What 3 states currently have What 3 states currently have comprehensive children’s visioncomprehensive children’s visionEXAM EXAM laws??laws??

20002000 KYKY20072007 MOMO20082008 ILIL

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Why is Seeing 3Why is Seeing 3--D Important?D Important?

It helps develop efficient reading skills

It increases participation in classroom as more schools adopt 3D as teaching tool

Increasingly utilized in a growing list of professions

33--D ImageryD Imagery

Commonplace experience Commonplace experience for every sector of our for every sector of our communitycommunity

Entertainment IndustryEntertainment Industry

MoviesMovies

HDTVHDTV

ComputersComputersComputers Computers

Gaming systemsGaming systems

Mobile devicesMobile devices

EyewearEyewear

How do 3How do 3--D D Displays Work?Displays Work?

Evolution of 3Evolution of 3--D viewing technologies D viewing technologies

Anaglyph

Active Shutter

Passive Polarized

Glasses Free

How 3How 3--D Displays WorkD Displays WorkANAGLYPH• The viewer wears glasses with different-colored filters (usually red and blue) placed in front of each eye. The two

stereo images – left eye and right eye – are also colored red and blue. In theory, each eye will therefore only seethe image intended for it. Recently, more advanced forms of color separation (known as wavelength multiplex visualization) have been developed, with striking – and economical – results.

PASSIVE POLARIZED• The viewer wears glasses with oppositely polarized filters placed in front of each eye. The two stereo images are

also projected through oppositely polarized filters so that each eye only sees the view intended for it In movie also projected through oppositely polarized filters, so that each eye only sees the view intended for it. In movie theaters the effect is achieved by using special screens that preserve the polarization of each reflected image. In the home, image electronics and special screen materials produce the polarizing effect.

ACTIVE SHUTTER• The viewers wear battery-powered glasses that receive signals from the TV equipment, or the classroom projector,

which instructs them to alternately occlude each eye in synchrony with the alternating (left and right eye) images being displayed. This ‘eye sequential shuttering’ typically occurs 120 times a second – too fast to be perceived. Some movie theaters around the world use this technology.

‘GLASSES-FREE’ 3D (‘autostereoscopy’)• Currently, this technology works best in displays that are viewed at close distances and in carefully controlled

environments. It does have applications in certain specialized signage and entertainment situations, but is not yet suitable for larger audiences.

How 3How 3--D Displays WorkD Displays Work

Anaglyph Anaglyph -- mostmost

basic form of 3basic form of 3--DD Utilizes different coloredUtilizes different colored

images & filters in front ofimages & filters in front of

each eyeeach eye

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How 3How 3--D Displays WorkD Displays Work Passive Polarization Passive Polarization Utilizes images andUtilizes images and

lenses of opposite lenses of opposite polarization in front of polarization in front of ppeach eyeeach eye

Method currently Method currently used in most used in most 33--D D movies movies Achieved with special Achieved with special

screen filtersscreen filters Most economicalMost economical

How 3How 3--D Displays WorkD Displays Work Active ShutterActive Shutter Alternate occlusion of the OD and Alternate occlusion of the OD and

OS images in sync with the OS images in sync with the alternating screen images being alternating screen images being displayed displayed

Sequential “Sequential “shutteringshuttering” occurs” occurs Sequential Sequential shutteringshuttering occurs occurs

at a very high rate of speed at a very high rate of speed (120X/sec.) = Flicker Effect (120X/sec.) = Flicker Effect

Requires complex timing and Requires complex timing and expensive glasses expensive glasses

Used in most Used in most HDTV and homeHDTV and home

entertainmententertainment

33--D MoviesD Movies Illusionary motion picture Illusionary motion picture

technology has its roots technology has its roots based in stereoscopic based in stereoscopic photographyphotography

Th fil i ll h tTh fil i ll h t The film is generally shot The film is generally shot using two perspectives using two perspectives which are not too different which are not too different from each other from each other

Two sets of films appear Two sets of films appear as a single image with the as a single image with the help of special glasses help of special glasses

Rated the top 3D movie of all time

Uses 3D as an immersive world, creating an entirely believable and utterly enchanting planet to explore

•• Beauty and the Beast Beauty and the Beast

•• TitanicTitanic

•• Men in Black IIIMen in Black III

•• The Amazing The Amazing The Amazing The Amazing SpiderSpider--ManMan

•• Toy Story 2Toy Story 2

•• Finding NemoFinding Nemo

••

3 C’s of 33 C’s of 3--D Movie makingD Movie making

1. Comfortable

2. Consistent

3. Captivating

By Using: Coloring

Lighting

Shadowing

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33--D HDTVD HDTV

USA currently has 9 channels dedicated to 3USA currently has 9 channels dedicated to 3--DD ESPN3DESPN3D sports channelsports channel

3net 3net history/action/travel/kids/lifestyle/concerts history/action/travel/kids/lifestyle/concerts

Xfi it 3DXfi it 3D i di d d dd d Xfinity3D Xfinity3D movies and programs onmovies and programs on--demand demand

3D 3D dedicated ondedicated on--demand DirectTV channel demand DirectTV channel

33--D HDTVD HDTV

3D commercials3D commercialsused as compelling used as compelling marketing tools marketing tools

New carsNew cars New foodNew food New soda New soda New technologyNew technology New services New services

Consumers react more positively Consumers react more positively to the images they see in 3D.to the images they see in 3D.

33--D ComputersD Computers

3D gaming3D gaming

BluBlu--ray movies ray movies

Future seeFuture see--throughthrough

33--D computersD computers

33--D Gaming SystemsD Gaming Systems

PS3

Voyageur 3D Gaming System

Nintendo 3DS

Nvidia 3D

Vision system

33--D Mobile DevicesD Mobile Devices

GlassesGlasses--freefree

stereoscopicstereoscopicstereoscopicstereoscopic

visionvision

Mobile phonesMobile phones

Mobile devicesMobile devices

33--D prescription glassesD prescription glasses

Marchon 3DMarchon 3D Gunnar OptiksGunnar Optiks

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AOA 2011 American AOA 2011 American EyeEye--Q surveyQ survey

53% of parents with children 53% of parents with children 18 or younger believe 3D 18 or younger believe 3D viewing is harmful toviewing is harmful toa child's visiona child's vision

29% feel very 29% feel very concerned concerned that their child that their child may damage their may damage their eyes due to eyes due to prolonged use of prolonged use of computers or computers or handhand--held electronic devicesheld electronic devices

33--D in the HighD in the High--Tech Tech ClassroomClassroom

Teachers are incorporating 3D imaging, Teachers are incorporating 3D imaging, digital devices and the latest computerdigital devices and the latest computerdigital devices, and the latest computer digital devices, and the latest computer applications into their daily curriculumapplications into their daily curriculum

Learn fasterLearn faster Concentrate betterConcentrate better Retain betterRetain better

46% increase in student engagement46% increase in student engagement

33--D Classroom D Classroom ResearchResearch

Between 17Between 17-- 25% increase in 25% increase in

test scorestest scores

Increase motivation, attention, participationIncrease motivation, attention, participation

Decrease behavior problems Decrease behavior problems

33--D in the ClassroomD in the Classroom

Approximately 40% of children in Approximately 40% of children in

special education classes have special education classes have

some sort ofsome sort of vision problemvision problemsome sort of some sort of vision problem vision problem

that is preventing themthat is preventing them

from moving into a from moving into a

regular classroomregular classroom

33--D in the ClassroomD in the Classroom “It helped to see a 3“It helped to see a 3--D D

view of things. It was view of things. It was easier for me to easier for me to picture and picture and understand the understand the

"These 3"These 3--D videos D videos help me learn easier, help me learn easier, because I'm a visual because I'm a visual learner...in 3D…it’s learner...in 3D…it’s literally right in front literally right in front understand the understand the

structure.”structure.”5th Grade Student, CO5th Grade Student, CO

y gy gof you.” of you.” 88thth ggrade Student, MIrade Student, MI

33--D Beyond the D Beyond the ClassroomClassroom

SportsSports DrivingDriving Operation ofOperation of Operation of Operation of

complex machinerycomplex machinery Performing manyPerforming many

fine motor tasksfine motor tasks

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Future of 3Future of 3--D imagingD imaging

ScienceScience TechnologyTechnology IndustryIndustry MilitaryMilitary MedicineMedicine NeurosurgeryNeurosurgery Eye surgeryEye surgery MRI MRI

33--D ViewingD Viewing

Tests on viewers Tests on viewers

watching 3D show watching 3D show gg

an increased level an increased level

of activity in certainof activity in certain

parts of the brain, parts of the brain,

but a drop in but a drop in

heartheart--raterate..

AOA and 3D@Home AOA and 3D@Home ConsortiumConsortium

Group of more than 50 companies and Group of more than 50 companies and organizations collaborating together toorganizations collaborating together toensure that the quality of the 3D viewingensure that the quality of the 3D viewingq y gq y gexperience is as high as possibleexperience is as high as possible

Entertainment companiesEntertainment companies Consumer electronics and technology Consumer electronics and technology 33--D display manufacturersD display manufacturers Public healthPublic health AOAAOA

33--D Benefits D Benefits –– A Public Health ToolA Public Health Tool

American Optometric Association, along with other vision health professionals, has stated publicly that –

there is NO evidence that viewing or attempting to view 3D i ill h hild’

American Optometric Association, along with other vision health professionals, has stated publicly that –

there is NO evidence that viewing or attempting to view 3D i ill h hild’ images will harm a child’s eyesimages will harm a child’s eyes

For an estimated 1 in 4 children, and millions of adults -difficulties with 3D viewing can unmask undiagnosed

deficiencies & lead to treatment

For an estimated 1 in 4 children, and millions of adults -difficulties with 3D viewing can unmask undiagnosed

deficiencies & lead to treatment

33--D as Secondary D as Secondary Prevention ToolPrevention Tool

Vision screening performed onVision screening performed onASYMPTOMATICASYMPTOMATIC populations populations

Uncover vision problems Uncover vision problems BEFOREBEFOREpeople have symptoms or even realize people have symptoms or even realize that they have a problemthat they have a problem

20%20% of those who view 3D contentof those who view 3D contenthave “3D vision syndrome” have “3D vision syndrome”

Children Children ANDAND AdultsAdults

Optometry’s Role Optometry’s Role

Ask Ask ALL ALL patients (young patients (young ANDAND old)old)about 3about 3--D visual complaints with D visual complaints with movie, TV, games, etc.movie, TV, games, etc.

Case historyCase history VA’sVA’s Refractive Refractive

error error

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Optometry’s RoleOptometry’s Role

Binocularity testingBinocularity testing

Distance and Distance and near stereo near stereo

AmpsAmps NPC NPC CTCT VergencesVergences Oculomotor assessmentOculomotor assessment

Optometry’s RoleOptometry’s Role

Diagnose and treat early!!Diagnose and treat early!! AmblyopiaAmblyopia Refractive errorRefractive error Refractive errorRefractive error

BinocularityBinocularity AlignmentAlignment AccommodationAccommodation Muscle imbalanceMuscle imbalance

Vision TherapyVision Therapy

What is VisionWhat is VisionTherapy? Therapy?

An individualized andAn individualized andprogressive treatment progressive treatment program consisting ofprogram consisting ofvisual procedures tovisual procedures toimprove the deficient improve the deficient visual skillsvisual skills

Understanding the 3Understanding the 3--D Viewing D Viewing ExperienceExperience

44--Ds of 3Ds of 3--D viewingD viewing

1.1. DizzinessDizziness2.2. DiscomfortDiscomfort3.3. Lack of 3Lack of 3--DD4.4. See your DOCTORSee your DOCTOR

of Optometryof Optometry

Additional 3Additional 3--D informationD information

AOA.org/3DAOA.org/3D

3D Practice Kit from AOA3D Practice Kit from AOA3D Practice Kit from AOA3D Practice Kit from AOA

3Deyehealth.org3Deyehealth.org

Vision3D.com Vision3D.com

THANK YOU!!THANK YOU!!Any questions??Any questions??

It’s been a pleasure It’s been a pleasure being here…have a being here…have a

blessed day!!blessed day!!

the impact of 33--d visiond vision 33--d vision in our d

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