the hkie ymc seminar expansion of hong kong...
TRANSCRIPT
The HKIE YMC Seminar
Expansion of Hong Kong International Airport into a Three-Runway System
Airport Reclamations – then and now
Speaker: Mr Daman Lee
20 January 2016
Since its opening in 1998, Hong Kong International Airport (HKIA)
has grown to become one of the busiest airports in the world.
In 2015, the airport served 68.5 million passengers, handled 4.38 million
tonnes of cargo and accommodated 406,000 air traffic movements.
With more than 100 airlines connecting to approximately
180 destinations worldwide, HKIA is a leading
international and regional aviation hub that helps
maintain Hong Kong’s status as “Asia’s World City”.
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The current airport platform, situated
over the former islands of Chek Lap Kok
and Lam Chau, encompasses an area
of 1255 ha, of which three-quarters was
reclaimed land.
HKIA
Contaminated Mud Pits (CMP)
CMP CMP
CMP
CMP
CMP
CMP
CMP
CMP
CMP
CMP
• Reclaimed Area: ~650 ha. • Contaminated Mud Pits: ~270 ha. (Covers approx. 40% of the Site) • CMP will be treated by Deep Cement Mixing (DCM) method
Land Formation
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New North Runway
(3800m long) New Centre
Runway (4225m long)
Hong Kong Boundary
Crossing Facilities
Existing South Runway
(3800m long)
Runways and Taxiways Configuration
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• Floor Area: ~283,000m2
• Total Aircraft Parking Positions: 57
Third Runway Concourse Overview
Code F – 14 Code E – 23 Code C - 20
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• Floor Area: ~300,000m2
• Check-in Counters: 216 • Baggage Reclaim Carousels: 8
Terminal 2 Expansion Overview
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• Station Distance: 2.6km between T2 and TRC • Headway: 2.5 mins • Maximum Train Speed: 80 km/hr.
Automated People Mover System Overview
TRC-W
TRC
APM Interchange Station SkyPier T2
EH
WH
MFC
Existing APM Line
New TRC APM Line
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TRC-W
TRC BHS T1 BHS
SkyPier T2 BHS
• Individual Carrier System (ICS) • Transport Speed: 25 to 36 km/hr.
New T1 ICS System
Conveyor System
T2/TRC ICS System
Baggage Handling System Overview
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Fill
~105m
Formation Level +5.5mPD
Rockfill
Sandfill Dredged Level
Alluvium
Existing seabed
Marine
Deposits
SW
L
Fully dredged
Alluvium
Existing seabed
Marine
Deposits
SW
L
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Old Reclamation
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CLK and Lam Chau
3.1km2
Reclamation Area
9.4km2
赤鱲角
欖洲
Total Site Formation Area
12.5km2
Total Construction Period 1993-1998 Reclamation and Site Formation 1993-1995
Stage 1: Remove Soft Layer (Marine Deposit)
Grab Dredger 21 nos.
Trail Suction Hopper Dredger (TSHD) 23nos.
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RH200 Excavator – bucket size 22m3
Major land earth moving plants: Large Excavator 15nos Large Dumper 60nos Large Dozer 23nos
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End tipping Type A/B Fill
CLK Site Formation
Rock and soil fill from excavation and blasting of CLK Island and Lam Chau
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CLK Site Formation
Type A Fill (blasted rock 2000mm down)
Type B Fill (excavated soil/rock 300mm down) 26
Marine sand filling
Hydraulic pumping from TSHD
>14 km of 800mmf hydraulic pipe
“Rainbowing”
from TSHD
Hydraulic marine sand pumping at
west end (Aircraft Maintenance
Area) supported by cutter suction
dredger
Dec 1993 32
Surcharge
Vibrocompaction
Dynamic Compaction
Rolling Surcharge
Distribution of Ground Improvements
Tank
Farm
Apron,
APM,
Concourse
Road & AEL
Some observations
• Large flexibility in work sequence • Can do rainbow filling • Can have seabed as the stockpile area • Borrow areas nearby • Limited ground treatment needed • Few site constraints
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Settlements
• Short term – compaction of imported sand and fills;
• Long term – from below dredged level; design to cope
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Allowable Residual Settlement
Areas Allowable Residual
Settlement in 50 years
(mm)
Allowable Differential
Settlement in 50
years
Runway 500 1:1000
Taxiways & Aprons 500 1:500
Concourse and
buildings
500 1:300
Transition with existing
platform
200 1:500
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Completely non-dredge
• Environmental reasons – No major disturbance of seabed – Reduce demand for import sand – No dredged mud dumping
• Contaminated Mud Pits • Seawall stability • Differential settlement • Site supervision
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HKIA
Contaminated Mud Pits (CMP)
CMP CMP
CMP
CMP
CMP
CMP
CMP
CMP
CMP
CMP
• Reclaimed Area: ~650 ha. • Contaminated Mud Pits: ~270 ha. (Covers approx. 40% of the Site)
Contaminated Mud Pits within 3RS Footprint
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Fill
~105m
Formation Level +5.5mPD
1v:3h
Rockfill
Sandfill Dredged Level
1v:3h
Band drains Alluvium
Existing seabed
Marine
Deposits
SW
L
Cope Line Partially Dredged Seawall
Fill
~105m
1v:3h
Rockfill
1v:3h
Band drains Alluvium
Existing seabed
Marine
Deposits
SW
L
Non-dredged Seawall
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Reclamation Schemes
Other main challenges
• Diversion of fuel pipes and CLP cables • Material supply
– Cement – Sand – Rock
• Constraints from existing airport
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Works Adjacent to Existing North Runway Seawall
0 mPD
+10 mPD
-20 mPD
-10 mPD
+30 mPD
+20 mPD
+2.6 mPD
+25 mPD
< 5m
Location Key Plan
+8 mPD
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Conclusions: Not just a runway ….. Completely non-dredged, partly within contaminated mud pits Soft soil improvement is a critical component Heavily constrained due to existing airport operations. Tight programme
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