Assignment on

The history of leadership focus

Submitted to

Sir Zafar-uz-zaman

Submitted by

Ayesha Yaseen

MBO-2nd smster

Roll#007

Subject

Art of leadership and motivation

COMSATS institute of information technology lahore

The History of leadership focus

Review:

Leadership is a common thing in all passed area and has studies all over times. Leaders focus on organization is for easy work environment, work life balance, empower the employees, and supported them in work life so that they can work better. Actually organizational focus is and concern is from difficult work environment to easier work environment. When industrial revolution comes it changed leadership style. Classical management theory and scientific management, both have same idea of theories. There was concept that, human were being used s machines. It just considered about management by objectives. Emerging theories of theorist are considered as most productive because people were considered as human beings. Hawthore studies show that reactions of people effect on their work environment. Maslow’s studies shows that if basic need of human fulfills them will perform better. Herzberg suggests that there are some factors that increase employee satisfaction and employee dissatisfaction toward work have influence on employee performance. Leaders must focus on employee satisfaction and their productivity and also focus on their on actions. Bernard (1930) has great achievement in behavioral components. McGregor theory based on two factors X and Y factor theory. X type leader theory x suggest that people are motivated by incentives, rewards. Contingency theory suggests that leader should act in a specific situation. There should be ability to choose good leader in a specific situation. In 1970’s after behavioral theory transactional theory come into existence in which daily work with daily based activities but they not focus on whole situation and are also motivated by incentives rewards. Transformational theory comes into existence which was the extension of transactional theory. In which includes by only daily based activities but also mutual decision making and internal and external change. Servant leadership is the extension of transformational leaders because in which followers are considered first and foremost part of organization. It is more effective than traditional theories.