the history of computers presenter: miss t. johnson grade:8
TRANSCRIPT
THE HISTORY OF COMPUTERS
Presenter: Miss T. JohnsonGrade: 8
THE EARLY YEARS
The Abacus• The first counting device
• Has no definite inventor but it’s creation was largely influenced by the Chinese and Romans
• Based on a place-value system where the place of a bead or rock determined how much it was worth
The Abacus
The Pascaline• Created by French
mathematician and philosopher, Blaise Pascal
• Was the first mechanical digital calculator
• Could perform only addition and subtraction on whole numbers
The Pascaline
Jacquard’s Loom• Created by Joseph Marie
Jacquard in 1801
• Used punched cards– Punched card: a card in which
holes are punched in designated positions to represent data — called also Hollerith card
• View in action
Jacquard’s Loom
Charles Babbage• Called the “father of the
computer”
• Designed two machines: the1. Difference Engine
– Designed to be steam powered and fully automatic
2. Analytical Engine
• Was not able to build his machines as the technology was not yet available
Charles Babbage• Difference
Engine
• Analytical Engine
Hollerith’s Tabulating Machine
• Invented by Dr. Herman Hollerith
• Used punched cards
• Was used to compile data for the US census of 1980
Hollerith’s Tabulating Machine
GENERATIONS OF THE COMPUTER
Generations of the Computer
• Classified into five
categories
• Characterized by the type
of electrical
component/technology
used to build the computer
First GenerationTime period Size Technology
1945-1956 Very large Vacuum tube
First GenerationENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator And Computer)
Second Generation
Time period
Size Technology
1956-1963
Large ; smaller than first generation
Transistor
Second Generation
IBM 7094
Third GenerationTime period Size Technology
1964-1970 smaller than second generation
integrated circuit (IC) or chip
Third GenerationIBM 370
Fourth GenerationTime period Size Technology
1971-present • Small• Portable
integrated circuit (IC) or chip• LSI• ULSI
Fourth Generation
Fifth GenerationAny ideas???
Fifth Generation• Artificial intelligence –
computers mimicking human
beings
– Greater development of:
Robotics
Voice recognition
Summary – History of Computers
Invention Inventor
Abacus Creation influenced by ancient civilization (Chinese, Romans, Egyptians and others).
Pascaline Blaise Pascal
Jacquard’s Loom Joseph Marie Jacquard
Tabulating machine Herman Hollerith
Analytical EngineDifference Engine Charles Babbage
Adapted from History of Computers presentation by Miss Hall and Mrs. Batchelor (2014)
Summary – Generations of Computers
First Generation (1945-1956)
Second Generation (1956-1963)
Third Generation (1964-1970)
Fourth Generation (1971- present)
Vacuum Tubes Transistors Integrated Circuits
Microprocessors
Big and Clumsy
High electricity consumption
Larger AC units were needed
Lot of electricity failure occurred.
Smaller transistors were used
Core memory was developed.
Faster than first generation computers
Integrated circuits developed
Power consumption was low.
100 times faster than the second generation
Development of portable computers
Floppy disks, optical disks then flash memory became the popular storage media
Adapted from History of Computers presentation by Miss Hall and Mrs. Batchelor (2014)
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