The grammatical knowledge of highschool students and college freshmen

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Authors Payton, Ethel Minerva

Publisher The University of Arizona.

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The Grammatical Knowledge, of High SehoolAand College Freshman.

byEthel M. Payton

Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirementn for the degree of

Master of Artsin the College of Education of the

University of Arizona.

1936.. '

Table of Cent ants

In troduction

Chapter I Hi&h School En^liah Teat1. Error a In freshman English reported

by college freahuan English teachers2. Test baetid on errors.3. Analysis of test.

Chapter II Groups tested. 1. Humber.8. Location of schools.3. Humber from group tested entering

the University of Arizona.Chapter III The results of the test.Chapter IV Multiple regression equationChapter V ConclusionsAppendix

1. Tables2. Copies of tests used.

Page14

20

22863031

63079

IHfRODBCTIONThe subject matter in grammar has undergone a radical

change in the past twenty years. We have but to thumb through an old text book to discover that much of ite contents in such as would interest only the specialist in the English language. Used with the text, there was, in pamphlet form, a collection of difficult passages from literature for drill in analyele. 0ince the curriculum was much narrower in its scope than it is at the present, it is safe to venture that an eighth grade pupil then knew more about sentence structure than the average college senior of today.

Teachers of fifteen or twenty years experience have seen the pendulum swing to the other extreme. An examination of recent texts in grammar will reveal the fact that moot of the more difficult constructions are omitted, and that drill upon correct form rather than construction is emphasised.

College freshman English teachers complain that their students are lacking in grammar and the fundamentals of the sentence. They have studente entering their olaesee, expecting to major in English, who have never studied grammar in the public schools. They eay that they have studied rhetoric and composition in the high school, but they show that they cannot tell at which end of the English sentence one is most likely . to find the subject. It is not uncommon to find students who

1

cannot tell the difference between the passive voice and the past tense of a verb. College seniors majoring in SSiglieh &ek, "What do you mean by the passive voice?" They have gone through college electing purely literary courses, where the instructor has no time to teach eighth-grade subject-matter, and must assume that the student knows such thing#.&

Professor Thomas of Minnesota says of college freshmen: ■They have boon left in total ignorance of the nature of a sentence. ... The whole theory of punctuation still remains in worlds beyond their ken." At Williams the first few weeks in freshman English are devoted to drill in the rudiment a of punctuation.3

The English department of our own University reports that two-thirds of the freshman class lack sentence sense. During the first month of the past school year, 1926-36, the average made in tests in grammar and punctuation by the freshman class­es was about fifty per cent.

An examination of high school courses of study show# that very little time is given to technical grammar. Until there is a more definite understanding as to just how much grammar is needed to achieve success in college freshman English, our secondary schools will, no doubt, continue to teach the subject as they have in the past, incidentally.

This study is an attempt to find out the statue of grammarin the high schools of Arizona and the relation existing between1 Ryan,Calvin T.: Careers in College Composition Classes. The

English Journal, vol. 13.3 Wards What ie English?

8

this statue and achievement In college freshman English.

3

CHAPTER IIn order to discover what errors in grammar and punctua­

tion teachere of college freehmen are finding most trouble­some, reporta and articles on the subject were read in the English Journal, and the heads of the English departmente of t he University of Arizona; the University of Colorado; Oarleton College, Northfield, Minnesota; State Teachers' Col­lege, San Jose, California; and State Teachers' College, Winona, Minnesota were asked to list the meet common errors found in their freshman olaeeee.

The following were given as the most common errors in grammars' ■ ' . ■ . v . ■ . .

!• Use of wrong case.3. Use of wrong word.3. Use of wrong part of speech.4. Misplaced modifier.5. Use of double negative.6. Use of relatives without antecedents or with

antecedents too remote to be clear.7. Confusion of number in agreement of relative a-and

antecedents.8. Errore in agreement of verb with its subject.9. Shift from past to present tense and vice versa.10. Inoorreot use of ao and but clause*.11. Split infinitives.

4

IS- Mimi## of ehall and will.13. Inoorraot use of like.14. Grammatical Inobhereiee.15. Incorrect oaiaeion.16. Dae of Independent clause for dependent clause.17. Dee of when and where clause in place of predicate noun.18. Dee of because clause for noun or noun clause.19. Dangling modifiere - participles, gerunds, and elliptical

; clauses. ' . ■ • ■ . . .20. Bseomplete or Illogical comparisons.31. Failure to use parallel structures when the thought is

parallel and vice verea.33. Errore in the uee of conjunctions.33. Dee of unnecessary words.24. Incoherence.35. Confusion of tense.36. Dee of wrong grammatical element.37. Dee of slang and vulgar forme.

The following were given as the most common errors In punctuations.

1. The comma, fault.2. The period fault.3. The comma omitted in a eeriee of words.4. The comma tovaittad after dependent clauses preceding

the dependent clauses.5. The comma ..emitted after a word of address.

5

5. The comma omitted after parenthetical expressions,7. The comma omitted before a quotation,8. The comma need when not neceesary.9. The comma omitted before for,10, The comma omitted between geographical name explaining

a preceding name.11* The comma omitted before or after an appositive*IS, The interrogation point omitted.13. The eemioolon omitted between clauses of compound

sentences not connected by one of the simple conjunctions.14. The eemioolon used in the wrong place.15. quotation marks emitted or used in the wrong place.16. The apostrophe omitted in possessive nouns.17. The apostrophe omitted in contractions.18. The apostrophe used when not necessary.

Using the above information as a basis, a test called High School Ban11eh Test was written to cover one hundred ten errors in grammar and punctuation. An attempt was made to vary the sentences ae much as possible oo that though the same con­struction was asked for several times, it appeared in sentences very unlike in structure. In Part I, Group P, for example, the pupil was asked to select the complete subject and the complete predicate of each of six sentences. In this group there are no two sentence® similar in their structure.

6

HIGH SCUWI, ENGLISH TEST PART I. GRAMMAR.

GROUP ADIRECTIONS, there le a grammatical error in each of the

following sentences. Gross out the word, group of words, or punctuation mark in each sentence that is not correctly used.

1. You say they suppose the donor to be 2 ?2. Neither of them have a clear record.3. There isn't but one.4. He only finished half of the appointed task.5. While tidying the kitchen, some hominy was cooking on the

stove.6. They need leisure and to have ample funds.7 * The story is real plausible.8. He stood unmoved. Although the very world seemed to be

reeling about him.9. I've read all I can find about aviation, but I've never

seen one.10. He gets interesting resulto and which can be trusted.

GROUP BDIRECTIONS. Underline all nouns that are in the nominative

case.1. The world has plenty of room for the man who is in earnest.2. She looks like a queen in her new gown.

7

3. John, please come &#%#.4. A la a, poor man, what can he dot

GROUP CDIRECTIONS. Underline all nouns that are in the ob­

jective case.1. The Indians sold the white people their land.2. John went to Yale.3. Victoria made him baron.4. le heard Mary eing the eong.

GROUP DDIRECTIONS. Draw a line under the correct fora in each

sentence.1. The man (who#, who) I thought was mistaken, was right.2. My sister and (myself, I ) read the b©<* last week.3. Anyone may do the work if (they, he) will.4. I answered, "It is (me, I)*.5. I did not see (them, thoee) books on the desk.6. The most interesting part of my work (are, is) my field

tripe.7. This great change in agriculture produced enough food

to supply the many people working in factories who (are, were) not able to work on farms.

8. After we had (went, gone) some distance, we (saw, seen) that we were on the wrong path.

8

9. 1« (came, come) homo as soon ao v/e had (done, did) thework.

10. The boy (ran, run) to the man who (eet, sat) near me.11. Hea Smith tried to (learn, teach) ue how to study.13. I like to (lie, lay) In the sand.13. You (was, were) there when I came.14. He (don'tk doeenH) always tell the truth.16. The boy was (mad, angry) because hie playmates accused

him of stealing.16. He doesn't work (like, as) I do.17. This maple leaf is quite different (from, than) that.

GROUP EDIRECTIONS. Draw one line under the Independent clauses,

two lines under the dependant clausaa. and three lines under the prepositional phrases.

1. When we reached the house, we dismounted.2. The fact that he has succeeded in this enterprise ought

to give him courage to go on.3. There is no reason why she cannot come.4. From peak to peak, the rattling orags among, leaps the

live thunder.6. You may instead of your brother.

#R0UP FDIRECTIONS. Draw one line under the complet e subject,

and two lines under the complete predicate in each of the

9

following sentences.1. Every stalk, bud, flower, and seed displaya a figure,

a proportion, a harmony beyond the xeaoh of art.2. To spare the submissive and to war down the proud was

to recognize the teaching of Hone.3. A falcon, towering in her pride of place.4. That the earth is round has been proved.5. The last of all the tribe vraa he.6. There oamo to the be&oh a poor exile of Erin.

GROUP 0DIRECTIONS. The structure of some of the following

sentences is faulty. Place a cross (X) before each sentence that is faulty.

1. She did what many others have and will do.2. There is pleasure in the pathless woods.3. I had to go horns io the reason I was not here.4. The honor system is where nobody watches the students.5. Reading increases knowledge.6. Wherever he lives, he will be happy.7. The reason I failed ie because I m s sick.8. When twelve years old, my father took me to Chicago.9. A cunning man was the cobbler.

10. The life of a poor man is often happier than for a richer man.

11. Having been riding all day, I gladly accepted my friend1s hospitality.

10

IS. When the lamp is shattered.13. He waa tall, thin, and he stood very straight.14. so all night the storm reared on.15. This is Tennyson the poet•s home.

GROW HDIRECTIONS. In the.following sentences, underline moe

each word or group of words that is used as an adjective, and underline twice each word or group of words that la used ae an

1. Attention is the stuff that memory is made of.2. le left after the concert ended.3. The turk slept in him tent.4. The student has a license to teach.5. The boy ie very tall.6. The tiny bird sings so joyously.

PART II PUNCTUATION.. DIRECTIONS. The following sentences are partly punctuated

Complete the punctuation, including capitalisation.1. In what direction did Pearyo oompaee point when he reached

the North Poles,2. He ie not working today he ie ill { one sentence)3. He has I believe suffered little pain.4. When I entered the room you were jnet leaving it.5. On the walk leading to the cellar etepe were heard.

11

6. Yee its a long way to the city still £ enjoy the ride.?» Our oar being repaired we were able to continue our

journey he said.8. I believe John that you will find your algebra english

and history easy, you may find science the subject Mary enjoyed more difficult.

9. James who has so far managed to get along without touchwork may yet have to face the hard stem duties of life.

10. Well it's no where to be found,11. Major Brown, one of our ablest officers, was born on

= ' » ■ . ' - ' • .

September 15 1887 In Philadelphia.

The following is an analysis of the Hlah School EnglishTest.

Sentence1

' 3 ‘

345678

Part I. Grammar.Group A. (Grammatical error in sentence)

Error Type1 The uee of I for jag.3 The use of a plural verb with a singular

subject.3 The use of the double negative.4 Misplaced modifier.5 Dangling participle.6 Lack of parallel structure.7 The use of an adjective for an adverb.8 Part of a sentence mistaken for a sentence.

Sentence Error Type9 9 The omiseion of a word necessary for gram­

matical structure.10 10 A relative clauee made coordinate with the

principal clause by the use of and.Group B (Nominative case)

1 11 The subject of a verb.3 13 A predicate nominative.3 13 Nominative by direct address.4 14 Nominative by exclamation.

Group C (Objective case)1 15

16The object of a verb.The indirect object of a verb.

3 m ' The object of a preposition.3 18 The objective complement.4 19 The subject of an infinitive.

30 The object of an Infinitive. Group D (Correct word)

1 31 Who - subject of was.3 33 I - nominative case: used with sister as

- subject of read.3 33 He - agree a with singular antecedent one.4 34 I. - predicate nominative.5 35 Those - demonstrative pronoun.6 36 la - agrees with singular subject.7 27 Were - cast tense, agree# with nroduesd.

13

Sentence Error Type8 38 Gone - past perfect tense.

29 Saw - past tense.9 30 Came - past tenee.

31 Done - past perfect tenee.10 33 Ran - past tense.11 34 Teach - meaning to Instruct.12 35 Lie - Intransitive verb.13 Were - plural form used with you.14 37 DoesnH - singular acress with a singular

subject.15 38 Ancry - not disordered in intellect.16 39 As - conjunctive adverb.17 40 From - preposition, not a conjunction. .

Group 1 (Independent clauses, dependentclauses and prepositional phrases)

1 41 A dependent adverbial clause.43 An independent clause.

3 43 An independent clause, the subject and; predicate of which are separated by adependent clause.

44 An adjective clause modifying a noun.45 An adverbial prepositional phrase modifying

> a verb.3 46 An independent Clause begun with an expletive

(The verb la, of complete predication)

14

Sentenoe

4

5

1

2

3

Error Type

47 An adjective clause introduced by why as a relative pronoun.

48 Prepositional phrase, natural order, intro­ducing sentence. ("From peak to peak*, con­sidered one phrase, generally so marked by students)

49 prepositional phrase with the object of the prepo sition preceding the pteppeltion.

50 Independent clause, inverted order, preceded by two prepositional phrases.

51 Independent clausa placed first in the sentence.

53 Prepositional phrase introduced by a phrase preposition.

Group F (Complete siriajeot and complete predicate)

53 Subject consisting of nouns in a series.54 Predicate consisting of a verb and object

complements in the form of a series.55 Compound subject - infinitives.56 Predicate - an intransitive verb with an

infinitive used as the complement.57 Subject - a noun modified by a non-reetriot-

ive participial phrase.

15

Sentence Error Type58 Predicate - split verb phrase and a simple

verb.4 69 Subject - a now clause.

60 Predicate - paeoiye verb phrase.5 61 Predicate - eentence in inverted order.

68 Subject - pronoun at end of sentence.63 Predicate - simple verb modified by an

adyerbial prepositional phrase. (Sentence begun with an expletive)

64 Subject - a noun modified by an adjectiveand an adjective prepositional phrase.

Group G. (Faulty sentence structure)1 65 Omission of part of verb phrase.a 66 Correct sentence begun with an expletive.3 67 in independent clause used as the subject.4 68 A where clause used in place of a noun

clause.5 69 Correct - one. word subject, one word predicate,

and a one word ocaplenent.6 70 Correct • dependent clause preceding the in­

dependent clause.7 71 The use of a because clause for & noun clause.8. 73 Elliptical clause.9 73 Correct - inverted order.

16

mtence Error Type10 74 Illogical comparison.11 76 Correct - sentence begun with a participial

phrase. . . ■ ; . .. , .. ■ ■ ' .13 76 Dependent clauee only.13 77 Parallel structure - thought not parallel.24 78 Correct - sentence begun with j£ and an

15 7® Correct - poeeeeeive oomaon noun in appoei- tl<m with a proper noun which does not denote ita case.by the use of the apostrophe and a.

Croup H (Adjectives and adverbe31 80 Adjective clause modifying a noun.2 81 Adverbial clause modifying a verb.3 • 82 Adverbial prepositional phrase modifying

a noun.6 Adjective infinitive phrase modifying a

noun.5 84 An adverb modifying an adjective.

85 An adjective used as a predicate adjective.6 86 An adjective modifying a noun.

87 An adverb modifying an adverb.88 An adverb modifying a verb.

Part II. (Punctuation)1 .88 An apostrophe to show possession.

19

Sentence Error 9 0

2 91

983 9340 :94

5 95

6 96

97

98

99100

8101102

103

TypeA question Bark at the end of an Interrog­ative oentence.A semicolon to separate the clausee of a compound sentence net joined by one of the simple conjunction a.A period at the and of a declarative sentence. A parenthetical expression set off by commas.A comma to separate olaueee if a dependent clause preoedee the independent clause.A comma to separate the olaueee of a sentence which might be improperly read together.Yes separated from the rest of ttke sentence by a comma.An apostrophe to indicate the omission of aletter.A semicolon to separate clauses of a compound sentence joined by one of the conjunctive adbefbe.Quotation marks to enclose a direct quotation. A comma to separate a nominative absolute from the rest of the sentence.A comma to set off author's guide words.A comma to set off nominative of direct address.Commas used to separate the words in a

18

Sentence

9

10

11

Error Typesseries in the fora of a,b, and £.

104 A proper noun begun with a capital.« H i,105 A sentence begun with a capital letter.106 Comma used to set off appoaitives.10? Commas used to set off a non-restrictlve

clause from the rest of the sentence.108 Ui A cmsm. to aepaxate two adjective® coordinate

in thought.109 A comma to set off word intended to be only

mildly exclamatory.110 A comma to set off day of month from year,

and year from the rest of the sentence.

19

CHAPTER II

The test was given to the senior classes of eleven high schools in the state. Five hundred sixty-two papers

written hy seniors and seventy-five papers written by juniors were received. The test was given to practically all the Baglieh classes in the Tucson High School; of these papers, all the senior papers were scored and one hundred from each of the junior, sophomore, and freshman classes.The total number of papers scored was nine hundred thirty- seven.

A fair sampling of the schools of the state was obtained since the. schools reporting are widely scattered, represent­ing very nearly the centers for the different industries of the state. The two largest high schools reported, and five schools with less than twenty in the graduating class reported. The names of the pupils taking the test show that some of the schools reporting, logRlee in particular, have many Spanish speaking students* The names of the pupils in other schools indicate that the pupils ooae almost entirely from American families.

The High School StiKliah Test was given in May, 1935, just before the close of the school. At the end of the first semester of the past school year the records were investigated to ascertain how many of the freshmen who had taken the High School Ehailmh Teat had entered the University of Arizona. It

20

was found that eighty-six had entered the University and had remained for the semeetor. All the freshmen had taken the well known Cross Shell eh Test and the Thurstoife Intelligence Test. The scores ©» these and the semester grades in English were dbtained. The scores on theso four teats form the basis for oompariaoae and conclusione for the aaoond part of this study.

21

CHAPTER IIIFor the purpose of tabulating, the mean was used. All

results were recorded to the nearest decimal. This accounts for the slight variations in some of the tables.

Tables I, II, III, and IV show the results of the Blah School English Tost. Table V Rhone the itueber of points possible. (See appendix)

In order to make a more detailed study of the results of the test, one hundred papers were dr atm from the five hundred sixty-two senior papers.

Table VIThe results both in points hade and per cent correct.

Scor e *6.1 sfo ' & 3 177*6 sfo 67o 11*76 37*6Per cent 65 75 71 86 43 50 77 42 63 65

To show the results more clearly, they are arranged ac­cording to sections, types of errors made, and per cent correct.

Table VIISummary of scores made on random sample of one hundred

senior papers showing rank, section, type of erros, and per cent correct.Rank Section Tyne of Error Per cent correct.1 D Correct word 882 0 Faulty sentence etructure 773 B Nominative case 71

33

Ss at Ion Type of Error Per cent Correct4 0 Objective case 715 A Grammatical: error in.sentence 666 Pt.II Punctuation 637 F Complete subject and complete

predicate 608 H Adjectives and adverbs 429 E . Clauses and phrases 43

Table VII shows that correct form ranks higher than sentence structure. It is probable that few of the pupils taking the test have had any work in a electing the subj act and predicate of sentencea, selecting phrases and elaueee and giving them construction, or drill in recognising ad­ject ivec and adverbs einoe leaving the gradee.

To discover th&t progress, if any, in the knowledge of grammar and punctuation is made during the four years * high school course, one hundred papers were drawn from each of the four classes in the Tucson High School and scores tabulated. (See Table III in Appendix)

The tost m e given to the Tucson Senior class just before they were given abreview in grammar. Had it been given a ISttle later, no doubt the senior score would have been higher. T&e soph (More a are given some technical grammar. The effect of thi s is shown by the gain they have made. • Ho gain is made by the juniors, and very little gain is made by the seniore.

S3

Table VIIISearea reduced to per cent and arranged with the highest first

Rank Section Seniors Juniors Sophomores Freshmen Percentage1 D 87 88 86 83 86a B 73 73. 77 69 733 Q 73 73 71 65 714 Pt.II 70 66 , 71 61 675 e 73 63 68 63 666 : k 75 64 66 56 567 P ,53 43 42 38 448 E . 48 43 44 33 489 H 36 40 40 33 37

If re compare table VII with table VIII, we notice againthat the p*.rte of the toot which call for the knowledge o t the right word and the correct fore receive the highest eooree, and that recognition of the parts of speech and parts of the sentence receive the lowest scores. The only dedided change in rank is that of punctuation. In table VII punctuation has the sixth place, while in table VIII it has fourth place. One important phase of the composition work in the Tuosok High Schpol is punctuation. This accounte for the change in rank.

All of the errors made on a- random sample of one hundred Senior/papers were counted and tabulated according to error number, tjrpe of error, and the number of errors made under each type. (See table IX, Appendix)

24

From the table the following summary was made. The error# were grouped into fourteen groupa and the number of error# possible under each group on one paper were counted* That is, on the teat, the following number of errors were poaeible:

I. Illogical comparisons 1' 2,. Wrong word 2©3. Omission of word necessary for grammatical

structure 14. Correct sentence not recognised 75. Errors in parallel structure 36. Errors incase 107. Errors in recognition of adjectives and

adverbs 78. Double negative 19. Punctuation 2310. Errors in verbs (number and omission of

part of verb phrase) sII. Errors in recognition of olaueee 1812. Errtnra in recognition of subject and pred-

i i o a t a - ' 1 3

13. Error# in redognltion of prepoeitlonal andinfinitive phrases 6

14. Dangling participle# ____1_Total l10

25 '

Table X ehowc a axosm-ry of all the errors made on the random sample of one hundred papers.

Table XSummary of Errors

ErrorK<L__1 ■

Type of Error Humberof Errors

1

I

a Per cent light--

Illogical oomparlconsr 6 8.0 93.0

3 Wrong word 366 13.3 86.7

3 Omission of word necessary for grammatical structure 18 18.0 81.0

4 Correct sentence not recog­nized 154 26.3 73.7

51Errors in parallel structure 53 36.5 73.5

6 Errors in case 367 36.7 73.3

7 Adjectives and adverbs 329 32.7 67.3

8 Double negative 35 35.0 65.0

9 Punctuation 602 36.8 63.3

10 Verbs (number and omission of part of verb phrase) 79 36.6 61.5

11 Clauses 736 40.9 59.1

12 Subject and predicate 568 47.0 53.0

13 Prepositional and infinitive phrases 405 67.5 32.5

14 Dangling participle ___£8 66.0 32.03716 33.4 66.4

Si no® tho High School English Teot wae not written bo that each possible error occurred the earns number of times, it ras noceee&ry, in order to drav/ any conclusions, to count all of the error a under each of the fourteen groups and di­vide this by the total possible errors on the hundred papers. This gives tho per cant made in each group. The table is arranged with the group receiving the highest par cent first.

27

CHAPTER IVTable XI (aee appendix) is a tabulation of the ecoree made

la the High School English Tent, the Cron# English Test, the Thureto# Intelligence Teot, andlhe semester grades in English la received by eighty-six students who took the three tests and completed the semester in the University of Arisons,. The University usee the five point system of grading. 1, 8, 3, and 4 are passing grades. 5 is the failing mark with no credit. D is a failure that may be removed by extra class requirements. In English la those who show inability to do the work are put into aub-freshman English or English X. This course carries no credit.

By means of the multiple regression equation it is possi­ble to estimate what grade a student in English la will make if we give, at the beginning of the term, tho three teste just mentioned. .

From the scores on the three tests the following multiple regression equation was found: represents the grade inEnglish la; X% the score made on the HI A School English Teat;

the score made on the Cross English Test; and X& the score made on the Thurston Intelligence Teat) n » .04X3 4 .03% 4 -01X4 - 4.30This equatim will give an estimate that will be correct within .79 of a grade point half of the time.

To Illustrate: eight groups of scores were taken and X found. •

as

Cross Test Ins ell. TestPupil H.S.English Test1. 86 136 1043. 63 137 . 54 ; •3. 70 144 7®4. 76 147 805. ' 74 138 896. : 65. 133 977. 46 137 678. 73 136 78

Using the equation the following results were obtained:

1 - 5 la 3.46 grade received 3 Difference .463. # 3.80 # # 3 # .303. Xx # 3.88 # # 3 # .884. rx * 4.23 #. # 3 # 1.335. # 4.78 # # 4 # .786. rr # 3.83 # # 5 # 8.777. 3.89 # # 4 # 1.718. Xi # 3.73 # 3 # .73

The multiple R between the grade earned and the best combination of the tests is .686. This gives a P«Eeg of •79 grade point. In other words, it is possible to estimate, by means of the regression equation and tests taken at the beginning of the year, English grades which will be correct within .79 of a grade point half of the time.

2S

CHAPTER V Conclusions.

From this study the conclusions to be draw concerning the etatue of grammar in the high school# of Arizona are:1. The seniors in the high schools of Arizona know little about

punctuation and grammar.3. Judging from the results of the test, the larger high schools

do not emphasize grammar any more than the smaller highschool e.

3. There is practically no difference between the scores madeby seniors and the scores made by juniors.

4. Comparing the eooree made by four classes, freshman, sopho­more, junior, and senior, the greatest gain is made by the sophomore class.

5. High school pupils rank higher in the recognition of cor­rect word or oorroot sentence form than they do in the recognition of the relationship of words and groups of words.

G* By giving the High School English Test, the Cross English Test, and the Thurstoa Intelligence Test at the begin­ning of the term and using the scores, a multiple re­gression equation can be made which will give an estimate of the grade in English la that will be correct to .79 of a grade point half of the time.

30

Table IScores made In the High School English Test by five

hundred sixty-two seniors.Part To- Per

School Puoile A B C D E F G H II tal centlocales 22 7.8 3.9 4.8 18.3 6.5 6.7 11.3 4.8 16.5 77.2 70Yuma 36 6.1 3.1 4.4 18.1 6.7 6.8 11.1 4.6 15.1 76.7 69Glendale 12 6.8 3.6 3.8 18.4 5.8 5.8 10.8 4.8 13.8 74.1 67,Phoenix 190 6.5 3.7 4.1 17.6 5.9 6.5 11.1 4.2 13.8 72.8 66Tucson 133 6.9 3.9 4.4 17.8 5.5 6.0 10.7 3.8 14.9 73.5 66Winslow 14 7.2 3.0 4.0 18.2 5.8 3.5 10.5 3.0 15.6 71.3 65Mo rend 16 3.3 3.5 4.2 17.4 4.9 4.6 10.1 3.6 13.4 66.3 60Clarkdale IT 5.5 3.7 3.3 17.4 4.5 4.8 10.9 3.4 13.5 65.7 59Miami 49 6.2 3.8 3.8 17.4 3.8 4.1 10.6 3.0 19.3 64.3 58Mesa 71 5.6 3.7 3.6 16.7 3.6 4.9 9.7 3.6 11.1 60.3 55Gilbert 12 4.8 3.3 3.0 16.3 1.3 4.5 11.3 3.4 13.3 59.7 54

Table IIScores made in the High School English Test by seventy-five

juniors.School Puoila A B C D E F G H

PartII

To-t#8»l

PerC HHtf

Douglas 45 7.7 2.8 4.3 18.3 7.3 7.0 11.0 6.1 13.7 77.0 |i 70Phoenix 30 6.3 2.5 4.3 17.6 6.9 6.3 11.4 4.1 13.5 73.6 66Gilbert 10 4.5 2.3 3.6 17.8 5.9, 5.6 10.4 2.4 8.9x 59.0 53

31

Table IIISoorea made in the High School English Test in a sampling

of one hundred papers from each of the four classes of the Tucson High School.

Part To- Perglass Pupils A B . C B E P G H II tal centSenior 100 7.5 2.9 4.3 17.3 5.9 6.3 10.9 3.3 15.4 74.5 67Junior 100 6.4 3.9 3.7 17.5 5.1 5.1 10.9 3.6 14.3 71.0 65Sopho­ 100 6,5 3.1 4.1 17.3 5.3 5.0 10.6 3.6 15.7 71.5 65more

Freshman 100 5.6 2.7 3.8 16.6 it.o 3.9 9.8 3.0 13.5 63.4 57

-Table IVScores made on a random sample of one hundred papers from

eleven Arizona High Schools.Part To- Per

Claes Pupils A B C D E F Q H II tal centSenior 100 6.5 3.0 4.3 17.6 5.0 6.0 11.6 3.8 13.8 71.4 85

Table VTotal number of points in test.

Part To- PerA B D D E F G H II tal cent

10.0 4.0 6.0 80.0 18.0 12.0 15.0 9.0 22.0 110 100 Table IX

Errors on one hundred-senior papers.Error NumberNo. Type of Error of Errors28 went for gone 030 come for came . 033 .set for eat 034 learn for teach 0

38

Humber of ErrorsError • •

No. Tvoa of Error37 don't for doesn't . 025 138 mad for angry 168 Correct aentenoe not recognized 132 run for ran«*«***#» ...... 222 ais®if for l 3

U J1 did for done 57 Uae of adjective in place of adverb 717 Objective case - object of preposition 739 earn for son 710 Relative clause made coordinate with

principal clause 874 Illogical comparison 876 Correct aentenoe not recognized 867 An independent clause used as the

subject of a sentence 970 Correct sentence not recognized 918 Objective case - objective complement 10

33 they for jag 10

as la*, for Us. 10

68 a .here olauee used In place of anoun clause 10

105 Sentence not begun with capital letter 1036 was for were 11

92 Failure to put period at end of sentence!324 m for I 14

33

Error ImbIbs*no. Type of Error. of Errore.13 Hoainative case - nominative by direct

address 1?107 Mon-restrictive clause not separated from

the rest of the sentence by commas 17@6 Correct sentence not recognized 18

100 Failure to use comma to separate a nomina­tive absolute from the rest of the sen­tence 18

9 Omission of word necessary for grammaticalstructure. ; . 19

11 Hominative case - subject 8053 Recognition of subject for sentence 3030 Objective case • object of infinitive 3173 Correct sentence not recognized 31101 Failure to set off author1 e guide words

by comm 31109 Failure to set off word intended to be

only mildly exclamatory by a comma 3126 are for is 3394 Failure to use comma to separate clauses,

when dependent clause precedes independ­ent clause 33

14 Nominative case - nominative by exclamation 3340 than for from 334 Misplaced modifier 8490 Failure to put question mark at end of

interrogative sentence ,. 35Elliptical clause not recognized 36

34

73

Error ' tatovType of Error . ojUBaSBEl

88 Adverb not rocogaised 2695 Comma omitted which should separate the parts

of a sentence which might be improperlyread together 36

106 Comma omitted to set off appoaitivee 3693 %renth#tical expression not set off by , : ’ oomm# - - - ' ' ' 327 are for were 2886 Adjective not recognized 3876 Dependent clause mistaken for sentence 39. ‘1 ■ L for me : - ' ' 3°41 Recognition of dependent clause 3064 Recognition of subject of sentence 306 failure to reco^iiza structure not parallel 31

76 Correct sentence not reo<%niz«i 3143 Recognition of Independent olauee 3365 Omission of part of verb phmee 3336 Like for as 3371 Dee of a because clause for a now clause 353 Double negative used 3616 Objective case - indirect object of verb 3696 Comma omitted to separate yes from the rest

of the sentence 3®16 Objective ease - object of verb 3960 Recognition of predicate ^85 Adjective not recognised 3951 Recognition of Independent clause 40

35

Error Iwber.. : Typo of Error

103 Omission of oommaa to separate words ina series - ' ' ■ - ■ ' 41

13 nominative case - predicate nominative . 4363 Recognition of predicate 4364 Recognition of predicate 44110 Omission of commas to separate day of

month from year and year from the rest of sentence 44

99 Omission of quotation marks 45104 Omission of capital letter to begin proper

name 4®3 Plural verb with a singular subject 4 f

55 Recognition of subject *784 Adverb not recognized 4959 Recognition of subject SO103 Cbiosion of commas to set off nominative

of address from rest of sentence SO63 Recognition of subject 6119 Objective case - subject of an infinitive 5269 Omission of apostrophe to show possession 5258 Recognition of predicate 5350 Recognition of independent clause 5687 Recognition of adverb 56

108 Otoiaeion of commas to separate two adjec­tives coordinate in thought 56

46 Recognition of independent clause 57

36

ErrorJta«.48 91

4756 45 44 5357 315

61834349 97

96

8

61638079

.Jjps, si-gjpj— aRecognition of pn^posltlonal phraeeCtal2 9lon of eomlcolon to separate clauses of a compound sentence not joined toy a simple conjunction

Recognition of adjective clauseRecognition of predicateRecognition of prepositional phraseRecognition of adjective clauseRecognition of prepositional phraseRecognition of subjectwhom for whoDangling partiolpleRecognition of predicateRecognition of prepositional phraseRecognition of independent clauseRecognition of prepositional phraeeOmission of apostrophe to indicate omission of letterOmission of semicolon to separate the the clauses of a compound sentenoe joined toy a conjunctive adverbPart of a sentence mistaken for a sentenceRecognition of an adverbial clause= •: ■ ■ •

Recognition of an infinitive phrase Recognition of adjective clause Correct sentence not recognized

m

Number' Errors

6?

5758 58 61 63 68 63 65 68 68 717475

75

?18

76 76799096

Table XIScores on the three tests and the English la grades.

Pupil li»3. Eng.Test Croaa Tsot Intall. Test Grade•1 73 143 72 Dz 65 136 104 35 63 137 54 34 70 144 79 35 76 147 80 36 73 153 69 37 71 153 101 46 73 136 81 39 74 133 89 4

10 65 98 77 X11 63 135 71 413 77 145 96 313 60 135 98 414 77 146 93 315 81 146 80 316 74 146 85 317 70 132 87 D16 75 154 87 419 60 116 68 X20 66 140 87 431 77 156 113 322 75 130 77 X23 65 88 57 X24 66 141 106 3

38

Pupil H. S. Enc.Teet Cross Test Intell.Teat Grade

ab:. 93 151 105 . &26 89 151 89 3

27 55 . 133 97 5

26 70 . 133 83 4

29 93 163 98 3

30 77 150 91 3

31 84 143 130 3

33 57 103 66 X

33 89 163 112 3

34 84 153 80 335 68 114 80 X

36 S3 153 76 3

37 97 147 103 3

38 86 149 ~ 94 a

39 68 143 118 4

40 89 159 91 D

41 62 133 60 4

43 43 96 160 3

43 73 131 66 4

44 ■ 89 159 139 3

46 73 134 78 346 87 165 133 14,7 80 149 96 3

48 64 133 73 549 46 127 67 4

39.

Pupil H.S. vEng.Teet Cross Teat Xntell. Test50 91 153 91 . 3

51 94 -14% 131 3

53 83 160 149 3

S3 78 145 109 4

54 93 143 77 3

55 63 n o 49 X

56 96 156 70 3

5f 83 138 70 3

58 70 68 3

58 70 139 83 4f

60 77 147 180. 3

61 89 166 125 3

63 76 158 93 3

63 77 140 109 4

64 79 143 97 3

65 66 135 88 6

66 80 140 100 3

6? 71 173 101 4

63 80 136 107 4

68 83 145 107 2

70 173 104 50 X

71 64 114v. 76 X

73 80 138 71 3

73 78 148 130 1

74 84 157 101 3

46

'Pttoil H.S.SnK.Teet CroGs Teat Intell. Teat Onuia'^3 68 136 68 476 58 137 67 D77 59 141 66 D78 73 136 78 379 77 141 76 480 59 116 50 X81 71 148 91 383 95 133 111 263 63 137 90 484 83 157 116 366 70 154 89 566 84 146 75 3

4t

CROSS ENGLISH TESTBy E. A. Cross, A.M.

Professor of Literature and English and Dean ' f State Teachers College, Greeley, Colorado

EXAMINATION: FORM B

For High Schools and Colleges

Nam e......................................................... ......................................• (First name, initial, and last name)

Oasm {underline) H. S. 1 2 3 4 Coll. 1 2 3 4

Age last birthday................ years.

School or college— .............. ...................................... ............

C i t y . . . . . ........ ...............................................................................

Date of this examination....................... .............................. ........

P a r t S c o r e

I

II

III

A

B

C

D '

E

IV &

V

VI

VII

VIII

Total

Classification

Published by World Book Company, Yonkerson-Hudson, New York, and 2126 Prairie Avenue, Chicago Copyright 1923 by World Book Company. Copyright in Great Britain. XW n|pA(# cmr: E: n-9

PRINTED IN 17. SA.

PART I. SPELLING CroaaTest: B

D irections. Place a check mark (V) in the parentheses after each correct spelling, as in the sample.

Sample. [ Ingglish [English.

( ) V)

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

11.

12.

13.

14.

15.

16.

adviser................ ........ ( ) 17. alleigance.. . . . . . . . . . . ( ){ advisor................ ........ ( ) allegiance............. . . . . ( )

[ hoping................{ hopeing..............

........ ( ) 18. peaceable............... . . . . ( )

........ ( ) peacable................ . . . . ( >

beleive.......... .. ........ ( ) 19 sloping.................. . . . . ( )believe................ ........ ( ) stopping. . ---- --- . . . . ( )

seperate........ ...... ........ ( ) . 20. intresting.............. . . . . ( )separate.............. ........ ( ) interesting---- ----- . . . . ( )

all right.............. 21. too {adverb)........ .. . . . ( )alright................ ........ ( ) . to {adverb)--------. . . . ( )

dropped.............. . . . . ( ) f goddess.................. . . . . ( )droped................ ........ ( )

%%. j[ godess. . t............. . . . . ( )

nineteen.............. ........ ( ) OQ leasure................... , . . . ( )ninteen............... ........ ( )

~o. leisure..................... . . . ( )

untill................... ........ ( ) 24. loosing (failing to uiri) ( )until.................... ........ ( ) losing (failing to win) ( )

privelege i . . . . . . ........ ( )• 25. critisize.................. . . . ( >privilege............. ........ ( ) criticize. ............... , . . . ( )

devinity.............. ........ ( ) . 26./

there {adverb)......... . . . ( - ) .divinity............ .. . . . . . ( ) their {adverb) . . . . . •••( ).

f shining................1 shinning..............

........ ( ) , ■ giy j| parliament............. ■. . . ( >

. . . . ( )27. |[ parlaiment........... . . . . ( )

truly.................... ........ ( ) 28. existance.............. . . . . ( )truely.................. ........ ( ) existence. . . . . . . . . . . . ( )

| whoes.................. ........ ( ) DO . lightning (flash). . . . . . ( ){ whose.................. ........ ( ) lightening (flash)... . . . ( >

labratory............ ........ ( ) 30 .nickel...... .............. . . . . ( )

laboratory.. . . . . ........ ( ) nickle.................... . . . . ( )

dicing {coloring) . . . . ( ) 81. | negroes................ . . . ( )dyeing (coloring) ........ ( ) [ negros.................. . . . ( ) *

accuracy............. ........ ( ) • 32. buisness.......... ...... . . . ( )acuracy............... ........ ( ) business............ .... . . . . ( )

[21(I) Number right {Score)

Croaa Test: B

DIRECTIONS. Place a checkmark in the parentheses nearest the correct pronunciation, as shown in the samples. Give careful attention to the position of the accent mark.

PART II. PRONUNCIATION

a as in fate & as in c&re & as in at a as in arm a as in abate a as in all

Samples.

K ey to the marks used

e as in serene 6 as in lord ob as in boot5 as in Snd 5 as in h6t do as in foote as in fern u as in pure g always as in getI as in Ice tl as in tip j always as in jamI as in pin ti as in btim It 6 6 are the same as a e 6 except that6 as in old ow as in how these occur in unaccented syllables

said . been does

.sad..................... . ( ) (V) s5d

.bln....................... (n/ ) ( ) ben.d o o z ................... ( . ) (v/ ) duz

1. villain.............................. .( ) ( ) vil'yan2. gape................................. .................. gap .................... •( ) ( ) gap3. idea.................................. .( ) ( ) I'dS a4. evidently........................ .................. 6v'I d6nt 11. . . . . . ( ) ( ) 6vIdSnt'H5. irrelevant........................ .( ) ( ) Ir rSl'8 v&nt6. plagiarism...................... . ( ) ( ) pla'jl ar Izm7. address.......................... ............... a drGs'............... .( ) ( ) M'drSs8. irrevocable..................... .................. Ir re vok'a b’l .. .( ) ( ) Irgv'Okab’l9. sword.............................. .( ) ( ) sord10. again............................... .( ) ( ) agan'11. opportunity................... .( ) ( ) 8p6rtobn'Itl12. rinse............................... .( ) ( ) rgns13. hospitable..................... . ( ) ( ) hOs'p! ta b’l14. zoology........................... .( ) ( ) zoo 61'6 jl15. formidable.................... .( ) ( ) for mld'a b’l16. cavalry.......................... . ( ) ( ) kiiv'al rl17. quantity..................— . ( ) ( ) kwQn'I tl '18. strictly........................... .( ) ( ) strlk'll19. granary......................... •( ) ( ) grSn'a rl20. exquisite— ................. . ( ) ( ) 8ks kwlz'lt21. bouquet............ ............ .( ) ( ) booka'22. surprise......................... . ( ) ( ) sup priz'23. acclimate....................... .( ) ( ) Sk'll mSt24. Italian........................... .( ) ( ) Itai'ySn25. contractor..................... . ( ) ( ) k6n'trSk ter26. jewelry...................... • ( ) ( ) jobl'rl27. dolorous........................ .( ) ( ) dol'or us28.29.30.31.32.

presentation.......................................prSz'gn ta'shtin. . (machinery..................... ......................ma shen'ri............ (different..............................................dlf'frgnt................. (research............................................... re'serch................. (vagary.. . , ........................................va'g&ri..................(

) ( ) pre'zSn ta'shun ) ( ) mSshen'er!) ( ) dif'er 6nt) ( ■ ) r6 serch') ( ) v&ga'rl

' [ 3 ](II) Number right (Score)

Cross Teat: BPART IH RECOGNIZING A SENTENCE

Group A

D irections. Some of the following are not properly sentences as printed. Print a capital letter S in the parentheses before each of the following that is properly a sentence, and before each that is not properly a sentence print a capital letter N.

1. ( ) Getting their boat out of the river and into the lake.

2. ( ) .While we bring up the camp equipment.

3. ( ) Having a few days of leisure, Corwin set out to camp in the hills.

4. ( ) Bacteria are microscopic organisms.

5. ( ) She wasted her time while her mother worked.

G. ( ) We make our garden early in May.

7. ( ) Alice’s adventures in Wonderland.

8. ( ) Having balanced his books before he left the store.

9. ( ) These are the columns, added with great care.X

10. ( ) To be or not to be, that is the question.

Group BD irections. Place a figure 1 in the parentheses before each expression that should be written as one sentence and a figure 2 before each that should be written as two sentences. •

1. ( ) The hunter tried to move the stone, which he found to be very heavy.

2. ( ) My next experience was in a grain elevator. Where I worked two wholesummers.

8. ( ) Their method was to dig the holes with a hoe arid then to drop two or three grains of corn into each hole.

4. ( ) I got the idea from George Calvert, who was with the famous Hamiltonexpedition, which explored the sources of the Amazon, while Weber was coming down the ridge of the Andes.

5. ( ) Use thin paper bookmarks, do not mark your place by laying a pencil inthe book and then closing it.

6. ( ) Shakespeare died.in 1616, did he die in Stratford or in London?

(Ill A) Number right............. (Score)

(HI B) Number righ t.... (Score)[4]'

Group C

DIRECTIONS: Some of the following sentences are faulty, and some are correct. Print a capital letter F (for " Faulty ") in the parentheses before each sentence that is faulty; before each that is correct print a capital C.

Cro#*Teet:B

1. ( ) The reason I was absent was because I was ill.

2. ( ) A snob is when one person treats another as a social inferior.

g. ( ) Both correct speaking and correct writing are essential to a teacher's sue- cess. •

4. ( ) No objection was offered to Henry's being absent three days.

6. ( ) The trying of the famous Wilmington case was delayed two years.

6. ( ) Can you remember if Carter was present at the track meet or not ?

7. ( ) A vacant lot was found for a tennis court about a quarter of a mile longand a hundred yards wide.

8. ( ) Making of blue prints is the next step following inking of the drawings.

Group D

DIRECTIONS. Some of the following expressions are not properly one sentence as they stand. Print a capital letter 0 in the parentheses be- fore each expression that w] properly one sentence as it stands, and before each that is properly two or more sentences print a capital letter T.

1. ( ) This man lives in North Dakota, and that state has some good soft-coalbeds.

S. ( ) Let’s organize a Campfire group among our girls as soon as school opens in September. ,

3. ( ) Copra is the dried meat of coconuts imported from the tropical islandswhich dot the Pacific Ocean.

4. ( ) As soon as I had eaten a dish of cereal, the landlady surprised me by bring­ing in some fresh toast and two soft-boiled eggs, these she set beside my plate with a cordial smile and morning greeting, and I really felt quite embarrassed on account of the extra trouble I had made, my embarrass­ment, however, did not prevent me from eating a hearty breakfast, thank­ing her for her kindness and following my thanks with a promise not to be late again — at least, not soon.

5. ( ) Try to meet all your engagements promptly, even your landlady will thinkmore of your promptness than of your thanks.

S. ( ) Did you ever work in a grain elevator in summer, there are many of them in Minnesota.

(HI C) Number right.......... ... (Score)

(lH D) Number right..... {Score)[ 5 ]

Group E

D irections. Some of the following are not correct sentences. Print a capital letter F in the parentheses before each of the following that is not a correct sentence in harmony with present-day good usage; and be­fore each that is a correct sentence print a capital letter C.

Cross Test: It •

1. ( ) The active voice gives a more vivid expression than the passive.2. ( ) The material used was more elegant than her old hat.3. ( ) The salary of a bricklayer is larger than a public school teacher.4. ( ) That is the worst sentence I almost ever saw in a book.5. ( ) When you fill the bottles don’t spill any of it on the table.6. ( ) While returning from his work, Colby saw a large brown bear crossing his

path.7. ( ) The leader was hanged, and his companions' were imprisoned.8. ( ) After passing through the sixth grade, my mother took me for a summer

in France.9. ( ) Katharine would have liked to have gone too.

10. ( ) This kind of rabbit is called a Flemish Giant.

PART IV. PUNCTUATION

D irection. Punctuate the following sentences in accordance with present- day usage. (Some of the sentences may not require further punctuation.)

1. Telephone me from the station if you have time.2. The house stood I feel quite certain. on the left side of the street insisted

Robert.3. Try to master the use of commas semicolons colons and quotation marks.'4. She was obliged to give up the idea of a formal dinner for the cook was

leaving. *5. A fountain pen which leaks and scratches is worse than none.G. Will you try some of my raisin cookies.7. Ask Clarence why his mother did not come with him.8. After the farmer had finished butchering some of the neighbors old friends

of his came over to buy some of the fresh meat.9. There are three causes poverty injustice and indolence declared the lec­

turer Professor Wharton.10. They did not come by automobile they came by airplane. (One sentence.)11. He declared that he was entirely satisfied.12. You may have a good reason for what you are doing Andrews replied

but it is I must say entirely unconvincing to me.13. Long’s Peak Inn which is in a beautiful flower-strewn meadow at the base

of Long’s Peak in the Rocky Mountain National Park was the home of Enos Mills the naturalist.

14. The trail above timber line being too rough for our horses we left them at the boulder field and went on afoot.

15. Of the two paths before us we chose the one which seemed most traveled.

(HI E) Number right......... :. (Score)(IV) Number right........ (Score)

[ 0 ]

Cf*## T*t: B

DIRECTIONS. Draw a heavy line under the corred form in each sentence.In cases where two forms are correct, underline the preferred form.

1. The bell has (rang, rung).2. Ned has (come in, came in).3. I (done, have did, have done) all my work alone this week.4. That little stream has (flown, flowed) along beside the road there for three

years. '5. The other girls had already (went, gone) home before we came in.6. The acrobat (swang, swung) up and caught the bar.7. Foster has (wrote, written) all of these correctly.8. I have (laid, lain) the sticks in a straight row.9. I (set, sat) the vase on your table.

10. Philip and Neal (dragged, drug) the roller over the court to pack it down solidly.

11. Mother (laid, layed, lay) on the couch an hour for an afternoon rest.12. Have you been (setting, sitting) there for a long time?13. Has your Aunt Harriet (gave, give, given) much money to the associated

charities this year ?14. Don’t you think you should have (began, begin, begun) your lessons earlier ?15. They could not (have saw, of seen, have seen, of saw) that picture in Sterling.16. The play had already (begin, began, begun) before eight fifteen.

PART VI PRONOUN FORMS

D irection. , Draw a heavy line under the correct form in each sentence.

1. I took it to be (they, them).2. Few girls play as well as (she, her).3. It isn’t for such as (they, them) to dictate to us.4. Their opponents were heavier than (they, them).5. Father expects you or (I, me) to meet him.6. I do not know (who, whom) will finish the work.7. She is a girl (who, whom) I know to be trustworthy.8. (Who, Whom) did you say sits near you ?9. Nobody except you and (I, me) has come yet.

10. Everybody is going but Mark and (she, her).11. You and (he, him) may go next.12. (Whomever, Whoever) this letter was written for should appreciate its com­

pliments.(V) Number right.............(Score)

(VI) Number right.............(Score)

PART V. VERB FORMS

[71

PART VII. IDIOMATIC EXPRESSIONS Cross Test: B

D irection. Draw a heavy line under the correct form in each sentence.

1. They were not unmindful (of, to) the French customs.

£. After a long illness the poor old soul died (of, on) a Friday in September.

S. I am disappointed (in, of, with) you, Carrie.

4. Harriet should (of, have) taken a long walk today.

5. You should (of, have) been with us Saturday.

6. You will be (very much pleased, very pleased) if you make a high score in thistest. •

7. I (couldn’t hardly, could hardly) believe the evidence of my eyes.

8. The party started out in search (of, for) wild strawberries.

9. He confessed his inability to comply (with, to) the demands.

10. It seems to me (like, that) your reasoning is faulty.

PART VIII. M ISCELLANEOUS FAULTY E X PR E SSIO N S

D irections. Some of these sentences are faulty. Print a capital letter F in the parentheses before each sentence that is faulty, and before each that is correct print a capital letter C.

1. ( ) Divide all the proceeds among yourselves.

2. ( ) Say it like you meant it this time.

8. ( ) Fatal accidents seldom occur in tennis.

4. ( ) I had rather go now than stay till Friday.

5. ( ) They were kinder disappointed when the clouds began to roll up.

6. ( ) Have you got the house you were trying to buy last week ?

7. ( ) Has the maid come in yet? Not as I know of.

8. ( ) We ate a part of the tomatoes and gave the balance to one of the neighbors.

9. ( ) His actions caused the officers to suspect him.

10. ( ) Pronounce your words like I do if you can.

11. ( ) Most all of the party had gone by that time.

12. ( ) Will you please leave me go home at three today, Mr. Gardner?

13. ( ) Ned gave his word that he would come not later than eight.

14. ( ) You shall be there as you promised, I suppose.

15. ( ) Aren’t you sort of glad that this is the last sentence ?

(VII) Number right

(VIII) Number righ t.

{Score)

(Score)[8]

TEST IV

THURSTONE’SPSYCHOLOGICAL EXAM INATION

For College Freshmen and High School Seniors

Time Limit: 30 minutes

LaatNun*

Date AgeDo not open this pamphlet until you are told to do so by the examiner.This is a test to see how quickly and accurately you can think. The result of the

test will be used by your advisors in order that they may know more about your abilities.On the inside pages there are 168 short problems. In each case you are told exactly

what to do. Notice the instructions carefully. You may use the margin for figuring.Do not ask any questions. If you come to a problem that you do not understand,

go to the next problem.You will be given only thirty minutes. Solve as many problems as you can in the

time allowed.Solve the problems in the order given. Do not skip about on the page.

DO NOT TURN THIS PAGE UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO BEGIN

cwH.ht.m., b.:»**&*#* of Tnrhmebgy Thnrmtom#

C. H. S. A.

1 Underline the correct answer.London is in England Australia Brazil Spain The correct word is England. Underline that word.

2 Underline the correct answer.Boston is in Connecticut Rhode Island Maine Massachusetts

3 Underline the correct answer.Diamonds arc obtained from mines reefs elephant* oysters

4 Underline two words that have the same relation as locomotive and train.station horse hub baggage buggyUnderline horse and buggy because the horse pulls the buggy and the locomotive pulls the train.

5 Underline two words that have the same relation as good and bad.taste sweet conduct sour polite -Underline sweet and sour because they are opposite in meaning just as good and bad are opposite in meaning.

6 Underline two words that have the same relation as ear and hear.eye hair bhie see eyebrow

7 Underline two words that have the same relation as palace and king.hut peasant bam farm city

8 Make a perfect sentence. Write one word on a blank.There are.:.________ ......days in a week.Write the word seven in the blank.

9 Make a perfect sentence. One word on a blank.The boy will.............his hand if.................plays with fire.

10 If the following conclusion is true, underline true; if it is false, underline false.Brown is shorter than Smith. Jones is shorter than Brown. Therefore Jones is shorter than Smith. True False (Underline one)

11 Don’t put all your eggs in one basket.Check two of the following statements with nearly the same meaning as the above proverb.........The mouse that has but one hole is soon caught.---Catch die bear before you sell his skin.........The proof of the pudding is the eating.........Put not all your crocks on one shelf.Check the first and fourth statements.

12 Tall oaks from little acorns grow.Check two of the following statements with the same meaning as the above pro­verb....No grass grows on a beaten road....Large streams from little fountains flow... .The exception proves the rule....Great ends from little beginnings.

13 Write the two numbers that should come next.2 4 .6 8 10 12 .......The two numbers are 14 and 16.14 Write the two numbers that should come next.2 2 3 3 4 4 _The two numbers are 5 and 5.15 Write the two numbers that should come next.1 7 2 7 3 7 .

The two numbers arc 4 and 7.16 Write the next two numbers.1 4 7 10 13 16 ......17 Underline the correct answer.Arthur Brisbane is famous as a newspaper man comic artist athlete actor18 Underline the correct answer.The Arabian is a kind of goat horse cow sheep19 Underline two words with the same relation as egg and bird.crack seed plant grow nest20 Underline two words with the same relation as boy and man.wool lamb dog sheep shepherd21 Make a perfect sentence. One word on a blank.The poor.... ..... is hungry because .......... . has ..........

nothing to----------22 John’s birthday is after Harry’s, and Harry’s birthday is after Tom’s. Therefore Tom’s

birthday is before John’s. True False (Underline one)

23 “Everyone of us, whatever our speculative opinions, knows better than he practices, and recognizes a better law than he obeys.” (Froude)Check two of the following statements with the same meaning as the quotation above. ....To know the right is to do the right. ' •' : .-...Our speculative opinions determine our actions. ....Our deeds fall short of the actions we approve....Our ideas are in advance of our every day behavior.

24 Write the two numbers that should come next. 14 16 18 20 22 24 ..25 Underline the correct answer.Blanche Sweet is known as a writer singer suffragist movie actress26 Underline the correct answer.Shoes are made by Swift & Co. Smith & Wesson W. L. DouglasBabbitt Co.27 Underline two words with the same relation as door and house.hinges gate yard swing window28 Underline two words with the same relation as dog and puppy.tiger dog cat horse kitten29 Make a perfect sentence. One word on a blank.

It is a......... ..... task to be kind to every beggar....._____....______.............. for money.

30 William has a brother, George, who has a son, Henry, uncle. True FalseTherefore Henry is William's (Underline one)

31 There is no smoke without fire.Check two of the following statements with the same meaning as the above proverb....No result without a cause.___Shallow brooks are noisy. •...Where there is honey there are bees....We only know the worth of water when the well is dry.

32 Write the two numbers that should come next.3 6 9 12 15 18 __ __33 Underline the correct answer.

Yale University is at Annapolis Ithaca Cambridge New Haven34 Underline the correct answer.Tokio is a city in India China Egypt Japan35 Underline two words with the same relation as foot and man.hoof leather shoe cow kg

36 Underline two words with the same relation as celery and vegetable.rabbit canned salmon poultry fish

37 Make a perfect sentence. One word on a blank.drowned.

38. Silver is heavier than iron; copper is lighter than silver; therefore iron is heavier than copper. True False (Underline one)

39 There was a painter became a physician, whereupon a citizen said to him: “You have done well; for before, the faults of your work were seen but now they are unseen.” (Bacon)Check two of the following statements with the same meaning as the above quo­

tation... -The citizen indicates that long training is necessary to appreciate true art.........He implies that science is more exacting than art....He means to make sport of the medical profession....He implies that doctors may make mistakes which remain undetected.

40 Write the two numbers that should come next. 32 30 28 26 24 22 ......

41 Underline the correct answer. •"The makings of a nation" is an ad. of a tobacco flour beer health food

42 Underline the correct answer.Rodin is famous as a poet painter sculptor composer

43 ' Underline two words with the same relation as wash and face, sweep broom floor straw clean

44 Underline two words with the same relation as white and black.mother time clothes good bad

45 Make a perfect sentence. One word on a blank. .It is very........... to become .... .... ....acquaintedpersons who............timid.

46 Since all metals are elements, the most rare of all the metals must be the most rare of all the elements. . iTrue False (Underline one)

47 A small leak will sink a ship.Check two of the following statements with the same meaning as the above proverb....Untempted virtue is easily retained.---A spark may start a great fire.........When the cat is away the mice will play.---Reputation may be ruined by a word.

48 Write the two numbers that should come next. . :2 3 5 8 12 17 .......

49

50

51

52

53

54

55

56

57

58

Underline the correct answer. 'The chameleon is a bird reptile - insect fish

Underline the correct answer.The thyroid is in the ' shoulder neck head abdomen.

Underline two words with the same relation as parents and command, order children shall obey must

Underline two words with the same relation as automobile and wagon, motorcycle ride speed bicycle car

Make a perfect sentence. One word on a blank.Hot weather comes in the...... .........and...............weather..............the winter. ' -

John has two sons, Henry and George. George has a son, James, and Henry has a f son, William. Therefore Henry is James* uncle.True False (Underline one)“A slender acquaintance with the world must convince every man that actions, not words, are the true criterion of the attachment of friends; and that the most liberal professions of good-will are very far from being the surest marks of it” (Washington)

Check two of the following statements with the same meaning as the above quo­tation....We should judge men by what they say, not by what they do....Among friends, “actions speak louder than words."...Repeated assurances of friendship indicate the presence of a real friend.___ Friends are known to each other primarily thru their deeds."Write the two numbers that should come next.21 22 31 32 41 42 ___ ......Underline the correct answer.Dioxygen is a disinfectant food product patent medicine tooth paste Underline the correct answer.The cutlass is a kind of sword musket cannon pistol

59 Underline two words with the same relation as skating and winter.swimming diving floating hole summer

60 Underline two words with the same relation as straw and hatwood leather knife soft shoe

61 Make a perfect sentence. One word on a blank.Very few people.._____ ....... how to spend time ami. . . ....-------- tothe best advantage.

62 Jones owes Smith one hundred dollars; Brown owes Jones one hundred dollars. The two debts will be settled if Brown pays one hundred dollars to Smith.True False (Underline one)

63 A burnt child dreads the fire. .Check two of the following statements with the same meaning as the above proverb.........A beaten dog is afraid of the stick’s shadow... .There are no gains without pains.— ...A scalded cat fears water....Let the cobbler stick to his last.

64 Write the two numbers that should come next. 24 27 28 31 32 35 ......

65 Underline the correct answer.The Corona is a kind of phonograph multigraph adding machine -typewriter '

66 Underline the correct answer.Indigo is a food drink color fabric67 Underline two words with the same relation as able and unable.muscle exercise strong mx weak

68 Underline two words with the same relation as wrist and bracelet.leg giraffe . foot neck collar .69 Make a perfect sentence. One word on a blank.

The dog... ..... .. a useful---V....... ..... because ....._______his intelligence and faithfulness.

70 All the members of the Civic Club are members of the University Club; Smith is not a member of the University Club; therefore he is not a member of the Civic Chib.

' True False (Underline one)

71 “Equality is the life of conversation; and he is as much out who assumes to himselfany part above another, as he who considers himself below the test of the society.’* (Steele)Check two of the following statements with the same meaning as the above quo­tation.---One should assume himself below those with whom he converses.-- .One should not consider himself on a different level from those with whom he, converses.

, .....One must talk or be talked to, there is. no middle ground. .... ........Conversation should be democratic. .- r . : *72 Write the two numbers that should come next.... 28 31 33 36 38 41 ___ ......73 Underline the correct answer.Madras is a drink fabric food dance74 Underline the correct answer.

The author of “The Scarlet Letter" is Hawthorne Poe Stevenson Kipling75 Underline two words with (he same relation as book and writer.statue liberty sculptor picture state76 Underline two words with the same relation as singer and song.choir organist preacher pulpit sermon77 Make a perfect sentence. One word on a blank.

Brothers and sisters.........always .......... to help ..... .....other and should........... quarrel.

78 Mozart died before Chopin was born; Beethoven wrote the Pastoral Symphony after the death of Mozart; therefore the Pastoral Symphony was written during the life Hm# of Chopin. True False (Underline one)

79 Constant dropping wears away stones.Check two of the following statements with the same meaning as the' above proverb.

...A stitch in time will save nine....Little strokes fell great oaks.

....Persistence knows no defeat....Examine the water before you drink.80 Write the two numbers that should come next.

34 36 39 41 44 46 .... —/ ' ' ' '81 Underline the correct answer.The Delco System is used in plumbing filing ignition cataloging82 Underline the correct answer.Rubber is obtained from ore petroleum trees hides

83 Underline two words that have the same relation as telephone and hear.shout telegraph spyglass distance see

84 Underline two words that have the same relation as eraser and ink.lightning storm water dirt clothes

85 Make a perfect sentence. One word on a blank.The.......... of your.-..—.-...... . and mother is your brother.

86 If the horse runs away the carriage will be broken. But the horse will hot run away. Therefore the carriage will not be broken.True False (Underline one)

87 “Solon compared the people unto the sea, and orators and counselors to the winds: for that the sea would be calm and quiet, if the winds did not trouble it.” (Bacon)

Check two of the following statements with the same meaning as the above quo­tation. . . ....Orators and counselors are puppets of public opinion....Orators and counselors are responsible for the unrest of the people... .Solon feared spontaneous uprisings among the masses....He believed the people to be essentially passive and inert when left alone.

88 Write the two numbers that should come next46 44 41 39 36 34 ......

89 Underline the correct answer.Darwin was most famous in literature science war politics

90 Underline the correct answer.Perjury is a term used in pedagogy law theology medicine91 Underline two words with the same relation as reward and hero.

God everlasting punish pain traitor

92 Underline two words with the same relation as man and skull.umbrella church rain Sunday dome

93 Make a perfect sentence. One word on a blank.A home is ..........merely a place — ...... onelive comfortably. • •

94 All double-convex lenses magnify; plano-convex lenses are not double-convex; there­fore plano-convex lenses do not magnify.True False (Underline one)

95 Familiarity breeds contempt.Check two of the following statements with the same meaning as the above proverb....Every bird likes its own nest best...._ Sweets grown common lose their dear delight.___Birds of a feather flock together.....No man is a hero to his valet.

96 Write the two numbers that should come next.42 41 37 36 32 31 __ ......

, 97 Underline the correct answer. •A tedder is used in farming fishing hunting athletics

98 Underline the correct answer.Slice is a term used in bowling golf tennis football99 Underline two words with the sam e relation as abundant and cheap.buy bargain scarce costly nasty100 Underline two words with the same relation as Kon and animal.rose small mouse plant thorn101 Make a perfect sentence. One word on a blank.

A reasonable..........of sleep and rest is ............. in order to---------- — a high........ ... of efficiency. .

102 No convicts are allowed to vote; A is a convict; therefore he is not allowed to vote.True False (Underline one) .

103 “We too often forget that not only is there a soul of goodness in things evil, but very generally also a soul of truth in things erroneous.” (Spencer)Check two of the following statements with the same meaning as the above quo­tation.........Falsity frequently has a nucleus of reality...'..Beliefs that are shown to be untrue may, nevertheless, be based on some ele­ment of truth.__.'..Benevolence sometimes has evil consequences.__ .Evil is commonly due to error.

104 Write the two numbers that should come next.39 34 30 25 21 16 ........

105 Underline the correct answer.The battle of Lexington was fought in 1620 1775 1812 1864

106 Underline the correct answer.The kilowatt is used in measuring rainfall wind power electricity water power

.107 Underline two words with the same relation as floorwalker and store. . policeman fire street conductor wagon108 Underline two words with the same relation as Sunday and week.January year hour Wednesday noon109 Make a perfect sentence. One word on a blank.

The best advice ............ usually ......... obtainedone's parents.

110 The majority of the boys in the class are good swimmers and the majority of them are good runners. Therefore some of those who are good swimmers must also be good runners.

True False (Underline one)111 Long absent, soon forgotten.

Check two of the following statements with the same meaning as the above .. • ■ proverb. . , . - ■■■: ■ -

...Far from the eyes, far from the heart.-- Absence makes die heart grow fonder.

.. .Distance lends enchantment to the view... .Out of sight, out of mind.112 Write the two numbers that should come next.

60 52 44 36 . 28 20 ...... ..113 Underline the correct answer.

The Overland car is made in Toledo Flint Buffalo Detroit114 Underline the correct answer.

Among the allies of Germany was Bulgaria Norway Rumania Portugal\

115 Underline two words with the same relation as taMe and wood.stove bottle paper iron cork

116 Underline two words with the same relation as frame and picture.porch photo lake window island

117 Make a perfect sentence. One word on a blank.The.......... . is always shining .....

.... ........it .......... . us.storm clouds sometimes

118 No Athenians could have been Helots, for all Helots were slaves, and all Athenians were free men.True False (Underline one)

119 “No great genius was ever without some mixture of madness, nor can anything grandor superior to the voice of common mortals be spoken except by the agitated souL” (Aristotle)Check two of the following statements with the same meaning as the above quo­tation.---Genius is essentially hard work and persistence....Contented and serene characters are the ones that produce works of genius.---Genius and insanity have certain elements in common.;— ...Strokes of genius are likely to come after times of great disturbance or stress for the individual.

120 Write the two numbers that should come next. '15 18 24 33 45 60 ... ......

121 Underline the correct answer.An eight-sided figure is called a trapezium scholium parallelogram octagon

122 Underline the correct answer. ,The most prominent industry in Chicago is packing brewing automobiles flour123 Underline two words with the same relation as Yes Sir and No Sir. __always meanwhile however perhaps never124 Underline two words with the same relation as lobby and hotel.author preface book reader elevator ,125 Make a perfect sentence. One word on a blank.

When two persons ........... about........... which neither under­stands, they ........... almost .... :.....--..... to disagree.

126 William has a son, James, and a brother, George, who has a son, Henry. ThereforeHenry and James are cousins.True False (Underline one)

127 Sail when the wind blows. ‘Check two of the following statements with the same meaning as the above

proverb.___One must howl with the wolves.___Strike while the iron is hot.___Make hay while the sun shines.___Make not your sail too large for the ship.

128 Write the two numbers that should come next.10 10 15 15 20 20 ...... ......

129 Underline the correct answer.Plymouth Rock is a kind of horse cattle granite fowl130 Underline the correct answer. . .Irvin Cobb is famous as a baseball player actor writer artist

131 Underline two words with the same relation as Japanese and Japan.Dutdi Russia HaDand Siberia Spanishv .U; % -

132 Underline two words with the same relation as doctor and patient.nurse lawyer hospital court client

133 Make a perfect sentence. One word on a blank.When one feels drowsy and.... .......it.... ... .... happens that heis ........... to fix his attention very successfully .... . .. .. . __ any­thing.

134 All fishes are cold blooded, not a fish. The whale is not cold blooded. Therefore the whale is

True False (Underline one)

135 “The day of conquest and aggrandizement is gone by; so is also the day of secret covenants entered into in the interests of particular governments and likely at some unlooked-for moment to upset the peace of the world.” (Wilson)Check two of the following statements with the same meaning as the above quo­tation.___Secret covenants will no longer be tolerated... .This is an age of conquest and aggrandizement.........Secret covenants are likely to lead to wars.........Nations should have secret understandings with other nations.

136 Write the two numbers that should come next. 16 17 15 18 14 19 ......

137 Underline the correct answer.,Rio Janeiro is a city of Spain Argentina Portugal Brazil

138 Underline the correct answer. .The multigraph is a kind of typewriter pencil copying machine phonograph

139 Underline two words with the same relation as quarrel and enemy.' policeman agreeable foe agree friend

140 Underline two words with the same relation as team and sorrow.laughter girl cry joy sob

141 Make a perfect sentence. One word on a blank. ...... . things are ...........___ .... satisfying to an ordinarythan congenial friends.

142 The recent panic occurred just after the President announced his policy reB_ porations in interstate commerce; therefore the President is to blame for theTrue False (Underline one)143 Rome was not built in a day.

Check two of the following statements with the same meaning as the proverb... .To climb steep hills requires a slow pace... .When in Rome, do as the Romans do... .The result tests the work. .........Napoleon himself was once a crying babe. //

144 Write the two numbers that should come next.19 21 23 18 20 22 ...... .

. ... ■ - -145 Underline the correct answer. .

The piccolo is used in music stenography book-keeping lithography

146 Underline the correct answer.Blackstone is most famous in law literature science religion147 Underline two words with the same relation as ruler and length.hour clock distance time alarm

148 Underline two words with the same relation as peninsula and continent.Massachusetts bay boats pay ocean149 Make a perfect sentence. One word on a blank.

The knowledge of ......................use fire is.. ....of......... important things known by ............. but u...... ... animals.

150 If a ten-year-old child is feeble-minded it can not read and write. This ten- child can not read and write. Therefore it is feeble-minded.True False (Underline one)

151 "Among the various characteristics of the age in which we live as compared witih ages of this not yet very experienced world, one of the most notable appears to me the just and wholesome contempt in which we hold poverty.” (Ruskin)Check two of the following statements with the same meaning as the above

tation. . . ;...Our attitude towards poverty should be one of pity and toleration.....The old philosophic and religious justification of poverty is no longeralent. • *?i...The age in which we live gives too great honor to wealth........Poverty is rightly looked upon as not at all a thing to be honored.

"

Mit*

a

152 Write the two numbers that should come next.12 21 13 31 14 41 ..

153 Underline die correct answer.The spark plug belongs in the carburetor manifold crank case cylinderhead

154 Underline the correct answer. .Kelvin was most famous in politics war science literature155 Underline two words with" the same relation as eat and fat.food starve thin bread thirsty

^ : - ' • ‘ ■ "'7" .156 Underline two words with the same relation as city and mayor.army soldier navy private general157 Make a perfect sentence. One word on a blank.

It is ........... . that a full-grown man should................ . a ghost........... he is ............

158 A book is valued either for the usefulness of its contents or for the excellence of its style. This book has useful contents. Therefore its style must be excellent.True False (Underline one)

159 He counsels best who lives best. ■Check two of the following statements with the same meaning as the above proverb.........Practice what you preach... -A poor cask may hold good wine....A good example is the best sermon.---An ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure.

160 Write the two numbers that should come next.19 19 18 17 17 16 ...... .

161 Underline the correct answer.Turquoise is usually yellow red green blue162 Underline the correct answer.

The silo is used in fishing farming hunting athletics163 Underline two words with the same relation as December and January.last first least worst month164 Underline two words with the same relation as dress and woman.

neck feathers feet bill bird

165 Make a perfect sentence. One word on a blank.....--------- that are ......... ....to one by an.... .... ... friendshould be pardoned — ......... readily than injuries done by one_____is not angry.

166 We must sell our output either to consumers or to retailers. It is not feasible to sell our entire output direct to the consumer. If we sell part of it direct to the consumer the retailers will not buy the remainder. Therefore we must sell our entire output to the retailers. True False (Underline one)

167 “If we agree that morality is what is social and immorality what is anti social, we shall be led to inquire of any course of action how it affects the welfare of society.” (Pear­son)

Check two of the following statements with the same meaning as the above quo­tation.

........To judge whether an action is good, we must investigate its results on society.....An act is moral or immoral regardless of its effects.

........We must judge a man’s deeds by his motives....Acts which are socially harmful are immoral.

168 Write the two numbers that should come next.17 51 17 51 17 51 __

Errors numbered.HIGH SCHOOL ENGLISH TEST

N a m e .................................................. ...................................... ............................................... .( Last name) (First name)

Class ............................ ....................................... .........................................

School ........ ........................................................................................................

City ............. ....................................... ...............................................................

D ate ................................................................................................................................................

D irections : A t the b egin ning o f each section w ill be found directions. F o l­lo w them carefu lly , but do not ask questions. U se a so ft lead pencil.

PART 1 .......... SCORE

II 2210 —

B - : • -Q : ' ' 6 : ■ ■■ : 'D 20 -F IP ‘

F 12G 15H_____

" ''r::'-. - -

'I'Ol'AL 110

PART T. GRAMMAR ;

GROUP AD irections. T h ere is a gram m atical error in each o f the fo llo w in g sentences. C ross ou t the w ord,

g rou p o f w ord s, or punctuation m ark in each sen ten ce that is n ot correctly used.

1. Y ou say they su pp ose the donor to be I ? / _ . . . 1.

2. N e ith e r o f them have a clear record. ^ . -------- - • ' 2

3 . T h ere isn 't but one. 3 3.

4 . H e on ly finished h a lf o f the appointed ta sk , f 4.

5. W h ile tid y in g the k itchen, som e hom iny w as cook in g on th e stove. 5.

6 . T h ey need le isu re and to have am ple funds. 6 • 6 . :

2 The story is real plausible. 7 ^8. He stood unmoved. Although the very w orld seem ed to be reeling about him. e 8.

9. I've read all I can find about aviation, hut I'v e never seen one. ? 9.10. He gets in teresting resu lts and w hich can be tru sted . /O. - s ' 10.

Errors numbered.HIGH SCHOOL ENGLISH TEST

Name

Class ..

School

City ....

Date .

(Last name) (First name)

D irections : At the beginning of each section will be found directions. Fol­low them carefully, but do not ask questions. Use a soft lead pencil.

PART

110

PART T. GRAMMAR

GROUP AD irections. There is a grammatical error in each of the following sentences. Cross out the word,

group of words, or punctuation mark in each sentence that is not correctly used. ; • ’

1. You say they suppose the donor to be 1 ? / _ ; . 1.2. Neither of them have a clear record. --------- --------- - ----- - - - - - - — -2.3. There isn’t but one. 5 3.4. He only finished half of the appointed task, : 4.5. While tidying the kitchen, some hominy was cooking on the stove. S~ 5.6. They need leisure and to have ample funds. 4> ; - 6. ;7. The story is real plausible. 7 . ' ' ' 7.8. He stood unmoved. Although the very world seemed to be reeling about him. & • ; 8.9. I’ve read all I can find about aviation, but I’ve never seen one. ? ' • 9.10. He gets interesting results and which can be trusted. /O . ■ . ' 10.

GROUP BD irections. Underline all nouns that are in the nominative case. . ..

1. The world has plenty of room for the man who is in earnest 1.- 2. She looks a queen in her new gown. 2/3

3. John, please come here. 3.4. Alas, poor man, what can he do? 4.

1.2.

3.

4.

GROUP CD irections. Underline all nouns that are in the objective case.

/j- . /&The Indians sold the white people their land.

John went to Vale./g

Victoria made him a baron.We heard Mary sing the song.

1.2.3.4.

GROUP D !

1.2.3.4.5.6.

7.8. 9.

10.

11.

12.13.14.15.16. 17:

D irections. Draw a heavy line under the correct form in each sentence.

The man (whom, wfio) I thought was mistaken, was right.My sister and (myself, B read the book last week.Any one may do the work if (they, £ 5 will.

I answered, “It is (me, d ”- .I did not see (them, thoseV books on the desk.The most interesting part of my work (are, j&) my field trips.This great change in agriculture produced enough food to supply the many people working in factories who (are, wire I not able to work on farms.5 sAfter we had (went, gone) some distance, we ( saw, seen) that we were on the wrong path. We o f me- rome) home as soon as we had / done, did) the work.The boy (n&, run) to the man who (set, near me.Miss Smith tried to (learn, teach) us how to study.

I like to (lie, lay) in the sand. : 'You (was, \m e.) there when I came.He (don’t doesn't) always tell the truth.

" - ' / • - ' y g o \ O rThe boy was (mad, angrv) because his playmates accused him of stealing.

He doesn’t work (like, a£) I do.■40

This maple leaf is quite different (than, from) that.

1.2.3.4.5.6.7.

8. 9.

10.11.12.13.14.15.16. 17.

GROUP E

. D irections. Draw one line under the independent clauses, two lines under the dependent clauses, and three lines under the prepositional phrases. _

1.' When wo reached the house, we dismounted. 'Y 1.2. The^act that he succeeded in thi^enterprise ought to give him courage to go on. ! 2.3. There is "no reason wliv^h^annot_come. 3.4. Prom nea% to peak, the raffing cras^among, leaps tlie live thunder. ’ : 4.5. Votf^niav go instead of^our brother. " , 5.

y GROUP P :

; Directions. Draw one line under the complete subject, and two lines under the complete predicate in each of the following sentences. " ~

1. Every stalk, Inul, Hower, and seed displays a figure, a proportion?a harmony beyond the reach 1.

f * - - „ ■ : ■ >2. To spare the submissive and to war down the proud was to recognize the teaching of Rome. 2.3. A_ falcon, towering in her pride of placf, J

‘ Was by a mousing owl hawked at and killed. . :

4. That the ear^i is round has been* proved. >>,,< 4.5. The last of alMhe tribe was hef6. There came^fo the beach a poor exile of Erin. y : > 6.

GROUP G \ %- t' : -Directions. The structure of .some of the following sentences is faulty. Place a cross (X ) before

each sentence that is faulty. ! ■ ; ; •.

1. ,Slje did what many others have and will do. 1.

2. There is a pleasure in the pathless woods, i t ; : - - - ' • 2.3. I had to go home is the reason I was not here. 4? " 3. .

4. The honor system is where nobody watches the students, i f . ' 4..5. Reading increases knowledge, tv 5.6. Wherever he lives, he will be happy. ?o 6.7. The reason I failed is because I was sick. 7/ ~ 78. When twelve years old, my father took me to Ch icago. 72 8.9. A cunning man was the cobbler. 73 9.

10. The life of a poor man is often happier than for a richer man. 7 10.11. Having been riding all day, I gladly accepted my friend’s hospitality. 74" 11.12. When the lamp is shattered. 74 12.13. He was, tall, thin, and he stood very straight. 77 13.14. So all night the storm roared on. 7* 14.15. This is, Tennyson the poet’s home. 7f 15. * 1 2 3 4 5 6

GROUP H

D irections. In the following sentences, underline once each word or group of words that is used as an adjective, and underline twice each word or group of words that is used as an adverb.

1. Attention is the stuff that memory is made of. 1.2. We left after the concert ended. 2.3. The Turk slept jgjysjgpg, . 3.4. The student has a license to 8teach. 4.5. The boy is very ta$L ( 5.6. The tmv bird sings 6.

PART II. PUNCTUATIOND irections. T h e fo llo w in g sen ten ces are partly punctuated . C om plete the p un ctuation , in clu d in g cap­

ita lization .

1:—The old m ail ch ose h is w o rd s ca r e fu lly and s p o k e in a s im p le a nd fpiiet 1 manner.----- - 1.

2.1 In w hat d irection did P earys com p ass point w h e n he reached the N o rth PoltT* 2.

Z .i H e is not w o rk in g to d a y he is ill (o n e sen ten ce)

P3>K J H e has I b elieve su ffered little pain.

W h en I en tered the room you w ere ju st leav ing it.

j#.->"On the w a lk lead in g to the ce llar step s w ere heard.

9} . f t .7.1 Y e s its a lo n g w ay to the c ity still I en jo y the d rive .

99 _ zA/g. 7 O u r car b ein g repaired w e w ere ab le to con tin u e ou r jou rn ey he sai l.

/©•fyej #e»S /**

f/.g I b e lieve John that you w ill find you r algebra e n g lis h and h istory easy , y o u m ay find — I®*’

sc ien ce t h e su b ject M ary en joyed m ore difficult.

3.

4.

5.

6.

8.

9.

- t ° 1 — - _ _ /»*J0. 9 Jam es -w ho' has so far m anaged to get a lon g w ith ou t m uch work* m ay yet h ave to face the hard 10.

stern d u ties o f life .

V t . W e l l it ’s nc^ w here to be fou n d . 11./' 6

T 2 .// M ajor B row n , on e o f ou r ab lest officers, w a s born on S ep tem b er 15 1887 in P hiladelp h ia . 12