the global potential for biomass energy and carbon capture ......the global potential for biomass...
TRANSCRIPT
Joris Koornneef Pieter van Breevoort, Carlo Hamelinck,
Chris Hendriks, Monique Hoogwijk, Klaas Koop and Michèle
Koper (Ecofys), Tim Dixon, Ameena Camps (IEA GHG)
The Global Potential for Biomass Energy and Carbon Capture & Storage
Energy Supply with Negative Carbon Emissions
June 15, 2012, Stanford University, California
Facts & figures Ecofys
• Founded in 1984
• Knowledge leader in the field of renewable energy, energy
efficiency and climate change
• Around 250 professionals, 6 offices in 5 countries
• Over 500 clients served across 50 countries
© ECOFYS | | 2
• Over 500 clients served across 50 countries
• The Nobel Peace Prize 2007 was awarded to Al Gore and the
IPCC. 10 Ecofys experts contributed to the IPCC reports
End-use: Biomethane, Liquid biofuel & Electricity
Conversion and CO2 capture
Biomass feedstock production & pre-treatment
Biomass transport
Goal of the global potential study for IEA GHG R&D programme
Identify the main bio-energy technologies that can be combined with CCS AND provide understanding of the global technical and economic potential for biomass with CCS for the years 2030 and 2050.
© ECOFYS | | Joris Koornneef3
CO2
CO2 CO2
CO2 CO2
CO2CO2
CO2
CO2
CO2 CO2
CO2 transport and storage
CO2
CH4
bio
End-use: Biomethane, Liquid Conversion and Biomass feedstock Biomass
Biomass type
Agricultural residues
Forestry residues
Energy crops
© ECOFYS | | Joris Koornneef4
CO2
CO2 CO2
CO2 CO2
CO2CO2
CO2
CO2
CO2 CO2
CO2 transport and storage
End-use: Biomethane, Liquid biofuel & Electricity
Conversion and CO2 capture
Biomass feedstock production & pre-treatment
Biomass transport
CO2
CH4
bio
End-use: Biomethane, Liquid Conversion and Biomass feedstock production & pre- Biomass
Biomass pre-treatment
Torrefaction
Densification
Agricultural residues
Forestry residues
Energy crops
© ECOFYS | | Joris Koornneef5
CO2
CO2 CO2
CO2 CO2
CO2CO2
CO2
CO2
CO2 CO2
CO2 transport and storage
End-use: Biomethane, Liquid biofuel & Electricity
Conversion and CO2 capture
Biomass feedstock production & pre-treatment
Biomass transport
CO2
CH4
bio
End-use: Biomethane, Liquid Conversion and Biomass
Biomass transport
Ship
Train
Biomass feedstock production & pre-
Torrefaction
Densification
Agricultural residues
Forestry residues
Energy crops
© ECOFYS | | Joris Koornneef6
CO2
CO2 CO2
CO2 CO2
CO2CO2
CO2
CO2
CO2 CO2
CO2 transport and storage
End-use: Biomethane, Liquid biofuel & Electricity
Conversion and CO2 capture
Biomass transport
CO2
CH4
bio
Biomass feedstock production & pre-treatment
End-use: Biomethane, Liquid Conversion and
Conversion technologies
Power
Liquid fuels
Biomethane
Biomass
Ship
Train
Biomass feedstock production & pre-
Torrefaction
Densification
Agricultural residues
Forestry residues
Energy crops
© ECOFYS | | Joris Koornneef7
CO2
CO2 CO2
CO2 CO2
CO2CO2
CO2
CO2
CO2 CO2
CO2 transport and storage
End-use: Biomethane, Liquid biofuel & Electricity
Conversion and CO2 capture
CO2
CH4
bio
Biomass transport
Biomass feedstock production & pre-treatment
End-use: Biomethane, Liquid Conversion and Biomass feedstock Biomass
Capture technologies
Oxyfuel
Post-combustion
Pre-combustion
Fermentation /digestion
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CO2
CO2 CO2
CO2 CO2
CO2CO2
CO2
CO2
CO2 CO2
CO2 transport and storage
End-use: Biomethane, Liquid biofuel & Electricity
Conversion and CO2 capture
Biomass feedstock production & pre-treatment
Biomass transport
CO2
CH4
bio
Technologies considered
1 CFB = Circulating fluidized bed combustion plant (100% biomass)
2 PC = Pulverized coal (30-50% co-firing)
3 IGCC = Integrated gasification combined cycle (30-50% biomass)
4 BIGCC = Biomass Integrated gasification combined cycle (100%
Combustion +
Post-combustion
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biomass)
5 FT diesel = Fischer Tropsch Diesel
6 BioSNG = Biomass gasification plus methanation into Synthetic
Natural Gas
7 AD biomethane = Anaerobic digestion � bio-methane
8 Ethanol = fermentation � ethanol
Gasification +
Pre-combustion
Fermentation
/digestion +
capture
Estimated performance in 2050
Bubble size indicates typical size of plants in 2050 (in MW)
CFB, 500
PC co-firing , 1000 IGCC co-firing, 1000
BIGCC, 500
80%
100%
120%
Ca
rbo
n r
em
ov
al
eff
icie
ncy
(%
)
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BioSNG, 500
AD biomethane, 15
BIGCC, 500
Ethanol, 400
FT Diesel, 400
0%
20%
40%
60%
30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80%
Energy conversion effiency (% LHV)
Ca
rbo
n r
em
ov
al
eff
icie
ncy
(%
)
Which potentials did we assess?
Technical potential� R&D
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2010 2040 205020302020
Market barriers
Economic potential
Market drivers
Research steps – technical potential
• Combine sustainable Biomass potential and CO2 storage potential for 7 world regions (inclN-America)
• Use conversion and capture efficiency to determine potential:• Primary energy
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• Primary energy
• Final energy
• CO2 stored
• Net GHG balance (incl biomass supply chain)
• Important assumption:• All biomass is allocated to ONE route at a time, there
is no competition with other BE-CCS routes or other biomass use.
Global biomass potential
2030: 73 EJ (~1750 Mtoe)
2050: 126 EJ (~3000 Mtoe)
Energy crops 65 EJ
Residues 61 EJ
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Total world land surface
Biomass energy potential of 65
EJ (energy crops) assuming
10 t/ha
Land surface and crop production
15 billion ha 1.5 billion ha 0.35 billion ha
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Present worldwide land
use for agriculture
Total land surface of the United
States
Joris Koornneef14
Results – Technical potential in 2050
Bubble size indicates technical potential expressed in Gt CO2 stored
BIGCC, 10.7
PC co-firing , 20.9CFB, 10.7
8
10
12
14
Ne
t G
HG
ba
lan
ce (
Gt
CO
2 e
q)
Technical Potential for
NOAM region
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IGCC co-firing, 20.9
Ethanol, 1.4
FT Diesel, 6.1
-2
0
2
4
6
8
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
Technical potential (EJ output)
Ne
t G
HG
ba
lan
ce (
Gt
CO
2 e
q)
1500 1000 500 250 Mtoe
Total electricity generation
USA (15 EJ, 6 EJ coal)
Energy consumption for
Transport USA (25 EJ)
Economic potential
Technical potential� R&D
Conversion and CCS cost
(non-fuel)
Economic potential:
Fuel price:
Biomass
Coal
CO2 price
Regional supply curves
Fixed coal price
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2010 2040 205020302020
Market barriers
Economic potential
Market driversEconomic potential:
-Production cost BECCS (€/GJ)
-Production cost fossil reference (€/GJ)
-Annual potential (EJ/yr) and Gt CO2
Results – Economic potential
Bubble size indicates economic potential expressed in net Gt CO2 removed from
atmosphere
CFB, 0.6IGCC co-firing, 3.3Ethanol, 0.4
FT Diesel, 3.1
60
80
100
Min
imu
m p
rod
uct
ion
co
st (
€/
MW
h)
CO2 price = 50 €/ton
Transport & storage = 10 €/ton
Coal price = 3.7 €/GJ
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BIGCC, 3.5
CFB, 0.6
PC co-firing , 0.7
-20
0
20
40
60
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Economic potential (EJ output)
Min
imu
m p
rod
uct
ion
co
st (
€/
MW
h)
Technical challenges/opportunities
• Third generation biomass (aquatic biomass)
• Conversion technologies and CO2 capture
• Biomass pretreatment and logistics
• Biomass gasification (reliability/flexibility and scale)
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• Scale up (conversion, capture, transport and storage)
• Match!
• Early opportunities
• Biomass supply
• Infrastructure (power / biomass / CO2 / gas)
Conclusions and way forward
• Annual global technical potential is large, but need
to start with regional activities and early
opportunities
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• Economic incentive for negative emissions needed
to achieve economic potential
• Challenges: Supply chain optimization, Scale-up,
Match
• Roadmaps: confirm potential and policies (actions)
For further information
Joris Koornneef
Carbon Capture & Storage
Ecofys
Chris Hendriks
Carbon Capture & Storage
Ecofys
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Ameena Camps
IEA GHG R&D programme
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