the global information society: a statistical view - unctad
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The Global Information Society:a Statistical View
FOR DEVELOPMENT
PARTNERSHIP ONMEASURING ICT
ESCWA UNCTADECONOMIC
COMMISSIONFOR AFRICA
United NationsE S C A P
The Global Information Society: a Statistical View was prepared by a consultant, Ms Sheridan Roberts, with substantive input from members of the Partnership on Measuring ICT for Development. Their contributions are described below.
Esperanza Magpantay and Vanessa Gray of the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) provided general comments as well as data and other information on ICT infrastructure and access, and on use of ICT by households and individuals (Chapters 2 and 3).
Susan Teltscher, Scarlett Fondeur Gil and Diana Korka of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) provided comments on the publication, as well as data and other information on business use of ICT, the ICT sector, ICT trade and ICT impacts (chapters 4, 5 and 7).
Martin Schaaper from the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) provided valuable comments on the draft. He also provided information on trade in ICT goods statistics (Chapter 5) and extracted data from the United Nations Industrial Development Organization’s INDSTAT4 database on ICT manufacturing statistics (Chapter 5).
Claude Akpabie, Georges Boade and Simon Ellis of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization’s Institute for Statistics (UIS) provided the information used in Chapter 6 and for the section on the impact of ICT in educa-tion in Chapter 7.
The UN regional commissions provided information on their activities in measuring the information society. Thanks are due to Doris Olaya of UNECLAC, Jean-Michel Sadoul from UNESCAP, Mansour Farah from UNESCWA and Makane Faye of UNECA.
The OECD (Martin Schaaper and Brigitte van Beuzekom) and Eurostat (Albrecht Wirthmann) provided valuable informa-tion from their statistical repositories and on the ICT statistics work of their member countries.
Publications and other output of the Partnership and its members were used extensively and are shown in the Bibliography.
The publication was funded by the International Development Research Centre of Canada (IDRC) and the European Commission, through the @LIS project. Its production was coordinated by Martin Hilbert of the United Nations Regional Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (UNECLAC).
UNECLAC also formatted and printed the publication.
The views expressed in this document, which has been produced without formal editing or revision, are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the official opinion of ECLAC, IDRC, the European Commission or the contributors listed above.
The electronic version of this document can be found at: http://www.eclac.org/SocInfo.
United Nations Publication
LC/W.190Copyright © United Nations, April 2008. All rights reservedPrinted in Santiago, Chile – United Nations
Applications for the right to reproduce this work are welcomed and should be sent to the Secretary of the Publications Board, United Nations Headquarters, New York, N.Y. 10017, U.S.A. Member States and their governmental institutions may reproduce this work without prior authorization, but are requested to mention the source and inform the United Nations of such reproduction.
Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Chapter1 .Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 1 . ObjectivesofTheGlobalInformationSociety:aStatisticalView . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 2 . Statisticalstandardsformeasuringtheinformationsociety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 3 . ThePartnershiponMeasuringICTforDevelopment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 3 .1 Historyandmajorachievements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 3 .2 ObjectivesofthePartnership . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 3 .3 StructureofthePartnership . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 3 .4 Globalstocktakingexercise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 3 .5 CorelistofICTindicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 3 .6 Capacity-buildingandtraining . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 4 . Regionalmeasurementinitiatives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 4 .1 Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 4 .2 Asia-Pacific . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 4 .3 LatinAmericaandtheCaribbean . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 4 .4 WesternAsiaandtheArabregion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Chapter2 .ICTinfrastructureandaccess . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 1 . Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 2 . Measurementstatus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 3 . Statisticalsummary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 3 .1 Infrastructureandaccessstatistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 3 .2 Regionalanalysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Chapter3 .Accessto,anduseof,ICTbyhouseholdsandindividuals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 1 . Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 2 . Measurementstatus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 3 . Statisticalsummary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 3 .1 HouseholdaccesstoICT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 3 .2 IndividualuseofICT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 3 .3 Regionalanalysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Chapter4 .UseofICTbybusinesses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 1 . Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 2 . Measurementstatus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 3 . Statisticalsummary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 3 .1 BusinessICTusestatistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 3 .2 Regionalanalysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
Contents
Chapter5 .TheICT-producingsectorandinternationaltradeinICTgoods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 1 . Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 2 . Measurementstatus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 2 .1 TheICTsector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 2 .2 TradeinICTgoods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 3 . Statisticalsummary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 3 .1 TheICTsector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 3 .2 TradeinICTgoods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 3 .3 Regionalanalysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
Chapter6 .ICTineducation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 1 . Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 2 . Measurementstatus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 3 . Statisticalsummary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 4 . Regionalactivities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
Chapter7 .MeasuringtheimpactofICT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 1 . Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 2 . StatisticalworkonmeasuringtheimpactofICT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90 3 . TheimpactofICTineducation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
Chapter8 .Conclusionsandfuturework . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 1 . Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 1 .1 Thestateoftheinformationsociety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 1 .2 Datagapsanddeficiencies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96 1 .3 Recommendations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97 2 . Futurework . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99 2 .1 CreationofanICTindicatorsdatabase . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99 2 .2 Developmentofe-governmentindicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99 2 .3 Regionalplans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
Annexes
Annex1 .AvailabilityofcoreICTindicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109Annex2 .CoreindicatorsonICTinfrastructureandaccess . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135Annex3 .Coreindicatorsonaccessto,anduseof,ICTbyhouseholdsandindividuals . . . . . . 139Annex4 .CoreindicatorsontheuseofICTbybusinesses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145Annex5 .CoreindicatorsfortheICTsectorandtradeinICTgoods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151Annex6 .OECDlistofICTgoods(2003) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
5
Preface
Measurementisanimportantaspectofthedebateabout the information society and the role itplaysineconomicandsocialdevelopment .Thispublicationusesinformationandcommunicationtechnology statistics to provide a view of theinformation society in both developed anddevelopingeconomies .
Measuring information and communicationtechnology(ICT)fordevelopmentwasamajorconcern for the two World Summits on theInformation Society, held in Geneva in 2003andTunis in 2005 .The Geneva Plan of Actionhighlightedthedevelopmentof“…internationalperformance evaluation and benchmarking…through comparable statistical indicators andresearchresults…”andemphasizedmeasurementofthemagnitudeofthenationalandinternational‘digital divide’, growth of the ICT sector andthe impacts of ICT use on women and girls .Countrieswereaskedtodeveloptoolsthatwouldenable the provision of statistical informationon the information society, with priority for“coherent and internationally comparableindicatorsystems” .
The Partnership on Measuring ICT forDevelopmentwaslaunchedinJune2004,followingthefirstWorldSummitontheInformationSociety,
Preface
and members have worked collaboratively withstatisticalagenciesandpolicymakerstoestablishanagreedsetofstatisticalindicators(the‘corelist’)for measuring ICT .They also provide statisticalagencies with technical assistance that enablescollection of the statistics that underlie the coreindicators .ThemainobjectiveoftheseeffortsistheproductionofinternationallycomparableandreliableICTstatistics .
The2005Tunisphasereiteratedtheimportanceof measuring the digital divide and called forthe tracking of progress in the use of ICT toachieveagreedinternationalgoals .TheeffortsofthePartnershipindevelopingacorelistofICTindicators and promoting statistical capacity-building were noted and the internationalcommunitywasinvitedtoassistinstrengtheningthestatisticalcapacityofdevelopingeconomies .
As well as presenting available statistics, thispublication assesses progress in measuringthe information society by exploring the datagaps thatremain .Whilstavailabilityof thecoreindicatorsfordevelopedeconomiesisgood–andimprovingforsomedevelopingeconomies–formost of the core indicators, data availability inthe developing world is limited . In addition,more work is required by most countries that
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The Global Information Society: a Statistical View
already collect core indicators to better aligntheir statisticalprogramswith the requirementsof the core indicators in order to improve theinternationalcomparabilityofICTstatistics .
The Partnership’s efforts in capacity-buildingand awareness raising, and the endorsementin 2007 of the core list of ICT indicators bythe UN Statistical Commission, should lead toimprovements in the number of countries thatcollectcoreICTindicatorsandthecomparabilityoftheindicators .
Noteontheaggregationsusedinthis
publication
Thepublicationpresentsinformationcategorizedoraggregatedbylevel of developmentandregion .Economies have been assigned to categoriesbasedontheUnitedNationsStatisticalDivision’sStandard country or area codes for statistical use (http://unstats .un .org/unsd/methods/m49/m49 .htm) .Aneconomyappearsonce(andonlyonce) ineach level of development andregionbroadcategory,forinstance,JapanisshowninDeveloped economies and in Asia (and in noothercategories) .
Taiwan, China has been added to the UNSDlistbecausesomeorganizationscollectrelevant
information for this economy (the name of theeconomyfollowsITUpractice) .
Nojudgementisimpliedinallocatingeconomiesto levels of development . In relation to theclassification, UNSD notes that “There is noestablished convention for the designation of“developed” and “developing” countries orareasintheUnitedNationssystem .Incommonpractice, Japan inAsia,Canadaand theUnitedStates in northernAmerica,Australia and NewZealandinOceania,andEuropeareconsidered“developed”regionsorareas .”
Therearedifferingpracticesamonginternationalorganizationsforclassifyingeconomiesbylevelof development .As all data in this publicationuse the list described above, some aggregateswilldifferfromthoseproducedbytheindividualorganizationsthatprovidedinformationforthispublication .
Thedesignationofsomeeconomiesas‘developed’or‘transition’hasrecentlychanged(asshowninthe 31 January 2008 revision) . However, thesechanges are not reflected in this publication asthe previous version was used .The economiesaffectedbytherevisionareCroatia,BulgariaandRomania .
7
Chapter 1. Introduction
1 . The aim of this publication is twofold .The first is to present a coherent pictureof the state of the information society intheworld .Toachievethis,thepublicationpresents available statistical data basedon a core set of internationally agreedinformationandcommunicationtechnology(ICT)indicators .
2 . While some of these statistics have beencompiledbefore(forinstance,forasmallsetofcountriesorforalimitedsetofindicators),thisisthefirstattempttocompilecoreICTindicatorsforawiderangeofcountriesandacrossalltheareascoveredbythecoreICTindicators .Theseare:
• ICTinfrastructureandaccess;
• Accessto,anduseof,ICTbyhouseholdsandindividuals;
• UseofICTbybusinesses;and
• TheICTsectorandtradeinICTgoods .
3 . Thesecondaimofthepublicationistoshowrecentdevelopments inICTmeasurementand,importantly,highlighttheconsiderablegapsthatremain .
4 . The publication has been produced bythe Partnership on Measuring ICT for
Development,whosemembership,historyand objectives are outlined later in thischapter .ThePartnership arosebecauseofa global recognition of the importance ofICTforsocialandeconomicdevelopment,especially in developing economies . Thepolicy interest in ICT was accompaniedby a need for measurement, which was amajorconcernforthetwoWorldSummitson the Information Society . The Genevaphase highlighted the importance ofbenchmarking and measuring progresstowards the information society throughinternationally comparable statisticalindicators .ItwasfollowedbytheformationofthePartnership,whichwaslaunchedinJune2004atUNCTADXIinBrazil .
5 . This introductory chapter will considerthebroaderstatisticalconceptsusedinthemeasurement of the information society .It will discuss the Partnership, lookingat its history, objectives, members andmajor achievements . The Partnership’sactivities in thedevelopmentofcore ICTindicators are explored in more depth asis its involvement in capacity-buildingfor developing and least developedeconomies .
Chapter 1. Introduction
1. Objectives of The Global Information Society: a Statistical View
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The Global Information Society: a Statistical View
6 . The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)started developing statistical standardsfor information society measurementabout 10 years ago, through its WorkingParty on Indicators for the InformationSociety (WPIIS) . The WPIIS providesa forum for national statistical expertsto share experiences and collaborate onthe development of information societystatisticalstandards .Itsmainachievementstodateare:
• Industry-based definitions of the ICTsector and content and media sector(themostrecentversionsarebasedonISICRev .4);
• An ICT goods and an ICT servicesclassification(basedontheHarmonizedSystemandCPCVer .2respectively);
• Narrow and broad definitions ofelectroniccommercetransactions;and
• ModelsurveysofICTusebybusinessesandhouseholds/individuals .
7 . Aclassificationforallinformationeconomyproducts,basedonCPCVer .2, is almostcompleted . It will include updates to theICTgoodsandservicesclassifications,andanewclassificationforcontentandmediaproducts .
8 . The WPIIS has produced a conceptualmodelforinformationsocietymeasurementwhichincludes:
• ICTsupply(theICTsector);• ICTproducts,productionandtrade;
• ICTinfrastructure;
• ICTdemandbybusinesses,households,individuals and other entities such asgovernmentorganizations;
• The content and media sector and itsproducts;
• The impacts of ICT on society, theeconomyandtheenvironment;and
• The impacts of various factors, suchaspolicydecisions,onelementsoftheinformationsociety .
9 . Eurostat has also been active in the areaof developing standards for informationsociety measurement, mainly throughits community surveys on ICT use byhouseholds/individualsandbusinesses .Thesurveyshavebeenrunningsincetheearly2000sanduseharmonizedquestionnairesprovided tomember states touse in theirnationalsurveys .
10 . Other members of the Partnership havealsobeeninvolvedindevelopingstatisticalstandards for measuring the informationsociety . In particular, the InternationalTelecommunication Union has beenactivelydevelopingstandardsformeasuringinfrastructure and access indicators for anumberof years . ITU’s reference for thiswork is Telecommunication Indicators Handbook,which includesdefinitions foralltheirtelecommunication/ICTindicators(ITU,2007a) .
2. Statistical standards for measuring the information society
9
Chapter 1. Introduction
3.1 History and major achievements
11 . Following a WSIS statistical event inGeneva,1 the United Nations Conferenceon Trade and Development (UNCTAD)led the coordination of internationalagenciesintheareaofICTmeasurement,commencingpreparatoryworktocreateaglobal partnership on ICT measurementin January 2004 .The founding membersof the Partnership were UNCTAD, theInternational Telecommunication Union(ITU)andtheOECD .Discussionsquicklyfollowedwithotheragenciesinterestedinjoiningthegroup .
12 . TheUnitedNationsEconomicCommissionfor Latin America and the Caribbean(UNECLAC) also followed through onthe recommendations of theWSIS event,producingadraftquestionnaireforstock-taking ICT statistics in its region ofresponsibility .2 After consultation withtheotherUNRegionalCommissions andrelevant international organizations, thefinal questionnaire was adopted by fourRegionalCommissionsandUNCTAD(onbehalf of UNECE) for conducting stock-takingsurveysintheirrespectiveregions .
13 . On 17 June 2004, the multi-stakeholderPartnership on Measuring ICT for Development was launched at UNCTADXIinSaoPaulo,Brazil(UNCTAD,2004) .Itsmembers,atthattime,were:
3. The Partnership on Measuring ICT for Development
• The founding members (UNCTAD,ITUandOECD);
• The United Nations Educational,Scientific and Cultural Organization’sInstituteforStatistics(UIS);
• UNECLAC;
• The United Nations Economic andSocial Commission for Western Asia(UNESCWA);
• The United Nations Economic andSocial Commission for Asia and thePacific(UNESCAP);
• The United Nations EconomicCommissionforAfrica(UNECA);
• TheUNICTTaskForce(whosemandateexpiredattheendof2005);and
• TheWorldBank .
14 . Eurostat officially joined the PartnershipinFebruary2005 .
15 . ThefirstphaseofthePartnershipranfromJune2004toDecember2005 .Majoreventsandachievementsduringthisperiodwere:
• June2004:PresentationofaPartnershipprojectdocument(objectives,expectedoutput, proposed activities, partners’maincontributions)(Partnership,2004)andformallaunchofthePartnershipatUNCTADXI(SaoPaulo,Brazil) .
• July/August2004:Initiationofaglobalstocktakingexercisethroughametadataquestionnaire on ICT statistics sentby UNECA, UNECLAC, UNESCAP,
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The Global Information Society: a Statistical View
UNESCWA and UNCTAD (on behalfof UNECE) to statistical agenciesin developing member countries . Aparallel exercise for OECD membercountrieswasorganizedbytheOECD,withinputfromEurostat .
• October to December 2004: Regionalworkshops were held in WesternAsia,Africa, and Latin America and theCaribbean (organized by UNESCWA,ITU/UNECA and UNECLAC/Institutefor Connectivity in the Americasrespectively) . Participants consideredtheresultsofthemetadataquestionnaireand discussed information societymeasurementactivities in theirregions .Important outcomes from theseworkshops were recommendations fora common core set of ICT indicators .Inputstothecorelistwerealsoreceivedthroughothermeans(suchasviae-mailand an Asia-Pacific ICT statisticiansmeeting held in New Zealand inDecember 2004) . The end result wasa setof recommendationsoncore ICTindicatorsforinputintoaWSISthematicmeetingheldinFebruary2005 .
• February2005:WSISThematicMeetingonMeasuring the InformationSocietyheld in Geneva under the umbrella ofthe Partnership, to produce input tothesecondphaseoftheWSISinTunis(November 2005) . The outcomes ofthe meeting included agreement on acorelistofICTindicators(Partnership,2005a), with agreement to developothers that would reflect the broaderinformation society (in areas such aseducation,healthandgovernment) .
• March 2005: Presentation of the corelistofICTindicatorsandaPartnershipprogress report to the meeting of theUNStatisticalCommission(NewYork)(Partnership,2005b) .
• June and October 2005: Regionalmeetings in Western Asia and LatinAmericaandtheCaribbean(organizedby UNESCWA/ITU and UNECLACrespectively) .
• November2005:SecondphaseofWSISinTunis .AParallelEventonMeasuringtheInformationSocietywasorganizedby the Partnership and held on 15November . This global event broughttogether ICT stakeholders at national,regional and international levels . Theobjectivesofthemeetingwere:- To present the agreed core list
of indicators to policymakers,together with an accompanyingmethodological publication (CoreICT Indicators,Partnership,2005c);
- To debate the importance ofmeasuringtheinformationsocietyforICTpolicymakinganddevelopment;and
- Tolaunchthepublication,Measuring ICT: The Global Status of ICT Indicators(Partnership,2005d);thispublicationpresentstheresultsoftheglobal stocktaking exercise on ICTindicatorscarriedoutduring2004 .
16 . ThesecondphaseofthePartnershipstartedinJanuary2006andwillrununtilaboutthemiddleof2008 .TheoutcomesoftheWSISTunis(November2005)wereincorporatedintotheplanningofthesecondphaseofthePartnership .
17 . By early 2008, the achievements duringthesecondphaseinclude:
• The Partnership submitted a reportcontainingashortoverviewofitsrecentworkandthecorelistofICTindicatorstothe38thsessionoftheUNStatisticalCommission (February 2007) . TheCommission endorsed the Partnershipcorelistandencouragedcountriestouseit in their data collection programmes(Partnership, 2007; UNSC, 2007) .The Commission congratulated thePartnership on its achievements andnoted it as an example of successfulcooperation between internationalorganizations .
• A core list of indicators for ICT ineducation has been proposed by UIS(which leads the Partnership’s Task
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Chapter 1. Introduction
GrouponEducation) .This listwillbeconsideredforinclusioninthecorelistduring2008 .
• Several regional meetings oninformationsocietymeasurementhaveoccurred since the WSIS Tunis . TheyaredescribedinCapacity-building and trainingbelow .3
• A programme on technical assistanceand capacity-building for developingeconomieshasbeenestablishedandis
beingcarriedoutbyindividualmembersof the Partnership during the secondphase (described in Capacity-buildingandtrainingbelow) .
• AMemorandumofUnderstandingwassigned by the partners in 2007, withthe objective of further strengtheningthe institutional commitment of thepartners and to provide guidelinesto new members wishing to join thePartnership .
Box 1. The Partnership on Measuring ICT for DevelopmentLaunched:June2004atUNCTADXI(SaoPaulo,Brazil) .
Current members:UNCTAD,ITU,OECD,UIS,UNECLAC,UNESCWA,UNESCAP,UNECA,EurostatandTheWorldBank .
Objectives:ToachieveacommonsetofcoreICTindicators,tobeharmonizedandagreeduponinternationally,whichwillconstitutethebasisforadatabaseonICTstatistics;
Toenhancethecapacitiesofnationalstatisticalofficesin developing economies and to build competence todevelop statistical compilation programmes on theinformation society, based on internationally agreedindicators;and
TodevelopaglobaldatabaseofICTindicatorsandtomakeitavailableviatheInternet .
Memorandum of Understanding:Signed by the partners in 2007 in order to furtherstrengthentheircommitmentandtoprovideguidelinestopotentialnewmembers .
Structure:ASteeringCommittee(consistingof ITU,UNCTADand UNECLAC) plus four task groups (on ICTin education indicators, e-government indicators,capacity-buildinganddatabasedevelopment) .
3.2 Objectives of the Partnership
18 . The Partnership provides an openframework for coordinating ongoing andfutureactivities .It isajointeffortamongthe stakeholders involved and assumesequality of the partners . The originalobjectivesofthePartnershipareshowninBox1above .
19 . The objectives of the second phase buildonthoseofthefirst,andareasfollows:
• Continue to raise awareness amongpolicymakers on the importance ofstatistical indicators for monitoringICT policies and carrying out impactanalysis;
• Expand the core list of indicators tootherareasof interest, suchas ICT ineducation,governmentandhealth;
• Conduct technical workshops at theregional level to exchange nationalexperiencesanddiscussmethodologies,definitions, survey vehicles and datacollectionefforts;
• AssiststatisticalagenciesindevelopingeconomiesintheirICTdatacollectionand dissemination efforts, includingthedevelopment of national databasesto store and analyse survey results(during2006, aneeds assessmentwasundertaken, as a result ofwhichmorethan50requestsfortechnicalassistancehavebeenreceived);and
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The Global Information Society: a Statistical View
• Develop a global database of ICTindicatorsandmakeitavailableontheWorldWideWeb .
3.3 Structure of the Partnership
20 . Several structural improvements wereintroduced to thePartnershipearly in thesecondphase .ASteeringCommitteewaselected to help coordinate activities andpromotetheworkofthePartnership .TheCommittee presents a ‘public face’ forthe Partnership . It provides secretariatfunctions,coordinatestheworkprogrammeofthePartnership,initiatesandcoordinatesvariousPartnershipactivities,andreviewsapplicationsfrompotentialnewmembers .The current members of the SteeringCommittee are ITU, UNCTAD andUNECLAC .
21 . At the same time, four task groups werecreated to address specificobjectives andactivities of the Partnership . Each taskgroup is led by a volunteer organizationand its members are interested partners .Thetaskgroupsare:
• TheTaskGrouponEducation (ledbyUIS) whose objective is to develop aplan of activity to collect a core datasetof indicatorson the roleof ICT ineducation;
• The Task Group on eGovernment(led by UNECA) whose objective isto coordinate and further develop thevariousactivitiesofthepartnersintheareaofe-governmentindicators;
• TheTask Group on Capacity-building(led by UNCTAD) whose objective isto coordinate and further develop thevarious activities of the partners inthe area of capacity-building on ICTmeasurement in developing countries;and
• The Task Group on DatabaseDevelopment(ledbytheWorldBank),theobjectiveofwhichistocoordinateandfurtherdevelopthevariousactivities
of thePartners in theareaofdatabasedevelopmentforICTindicators .
3.4 Global stocktaking exercise
22 . An early achievement of the Partnershipwas the conduct of an exercise designedto assess the state of ICT statistics andidentifybestpracticesinUNeconomies .
23 . The stocktaking exercise was carried outduring 2004 and was undertaken by fourUN commissions for their respectiveregions(UNECA,UNECLAC,UNESCAPandUNESCWA) .Thequestionnairesweresent to statistical agencies of membereconomies, excluding OECD countries(OECD provided metadata informationin respect of its member countries) .UNCTADsentthequestionnairetoUnitedNationsEconomicCommissionforEurope(UNECE) economies not covered by theOECDorEurostat .
24 . Whiletheexerciseproducedsomevaluableinformation,theresponseforsomeregionswasdisappointingandnodoubtaffectedthereliability of the statistics generated fromthe exercise . Of the 169 economies thatweresentquestionnaires,86responded(51percent) .Responseratesvariedbyregion,rangingfrom37percent(Africa)to79percent(WesternAsia) .
25 . The results of the stock-taking exercisewere published in Partnership (2005d) .A summary can be found inAnnex 4 ofOECD(2007a) .
3.5 Core list of ICT indicators
26 . A major aim of the Partnership at itsinception was the development of acore list of ICT indicators that could becollected by all countries . A number ofregional workshops on ICT measurementwereheldaftertheGenevaphaseofWSISand included discussion of regional ICTindicators of interest to policymakers .Outcomes of these meetings included
13
Chapter 1. Introduction
regional core lists that were presentedfor information to the United NationsStatistical Commission at its meeting ofMarch 2005 (Partnership, 2005b) . ThePartnershipconsolidatedaglobalcorelistand circulated it to all national statisticaloffices (NSOs) for further comment . Afinal listwasdiscussed,andagreedon,attheWSISThematicMeetingonMeasuringtheInformationSociety,heldinGenevainFebruary2005 .
27 . Thelist(publishedasCore ICT Indicators)wasofficiallypresentedatthesecondphaseofWSIS,heldinTunisinNovember2005,during the Parallel Event on Measuringthe Information Society . Since then, thelist has been disseminated widely andnowservesasabasisforthePartnership’sworkonmeasuringICT .Thecore listwasendorsedby theUnitedNationsStatisticalCommission (UNSC) at its thirty-eighthmeetingofMarch2007(UNSC,2007) .
28 . The core list forms the basis for datapresentedinthispublication,whichisthefirst comprehensive compilation of coreICTindicatordata .
29 . There are 41 core ICT indicators in fourgroupsasfollows:
• ICT infrastructure and access (12indicators,seeAnnex2);
• Accessto,anduseof,ICTbyhouseholdsand individuals (13 indicators, seeAnnex3);4
• UseofICTbybusinesses(12indicators,seeAnnex4);and
• TheICTsectorandtradeinICTgoods(4indicators,seeAnnex5) .
30 . ThemainpurposeofthecorelististohelpcountriesthataredevelopingICTsurveys– or adding ICT questions to existingcollections– toproducehighquality andinternationally comparable data . In orderto achieve this objective, the indicators
have associated standards and metadataincluding:
• Definitions of terms (e .g . computer,theInternet);thesecanbefoundintheannexesreferencedabove;
• Modelquestions;
• Calculation of indicators (e .g . useof appropriate denominators forcalculatingproportions);
• Classificatory variables (e .g . businesssize for business ICT use coreindicators; gender for individual ICTusecoreindicators);thesecanbefoundinannexes3and4;
• Advice on particular statistical issues(such as the measurement of e-commerce);
• Collectionscope(e .g .bybusinesssizeorindustry,ageofindividuals);and
• Limited recommendations onmethodology (e .g . statistical units,surveyvehicles) .
31 . Whilst the core list is not mandatory,its use has been recommended by theUNSC .Importantly,thelistisnotlimiting− countries will also need to respond tonationalpolicyneedsand thesemayonlybepartiallycoveredbythecorelist .
32 . Eachindicatorisnominatedaseither‘basiccore’ or ‘extended core’, where the latterareconsideredmoresuitableforcountrieswith relatively advanced ICT statisticalsystems(Partnership,2005c) .
33 . The development of ICT indicators is acontinuingprocessandthePartnershipwillreview the list periodically . For example,someminorrevisionshavebeenproposedtotheICTbusinessindicatorsinlinewithprogress made elsewhere (in particularby Eurostat) . Ongoing work includesthe development of new ICT indicators– especially in the areas of educationand government . These are likely to bediscussedataglobalmeetinginmid2008 .
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The Global Information Society: a Statistical View
3.6 Capacity-building and training
34 . A key objective of the Partnership is toassist statistical agencies of developingeconomies to collect and disseminateICT data . The Partnership’s Task GrouponCapacity-buildingis ledbyUNCTAD,whichhasconductedastocktakingexerciseon the capacity-building requirementsof developing economies . UNCTADalsomaintains a register of ICT statisticsexpertswhoareabletoprovideassistancetodevelopingeconomies .
35 . Inaneffort to improve theavailabilityofinternationally comparable ICT statistics,offers of technical assistance presume acommitment by the recipient economy tofollowthecorelistofICTindicators .
36 . UNCTAD released the Manual for the Production of Statistics on the Information Economy(UNCTAD,2007a)inNovember2007 .TheManualisareferenceforNSOsand other producers of official statisticson the information economy . It coversdata collection and analysis techniques;statistical standards, including definitionsand model questions; methodologicaladvice on statistical issues of particularinterest to developing countries, andinstitutional aspects of the statisticalprocess . The Manual is the subject ofconsultation with NSOs worldwide, withaviewtosubmittingarevisedversionforapprovalbytheUNStatisticalCommissionin2009 .
37 . UNCTAD has also developed a trainingcourse on measuring the informationeconomy .The trainingcourse,whichwasdeveloped under the framework of theUNCTAD TrainForTrade programme, isbasedontheUNCTADManualdescribedabove and includes presentation slides, aparticipant’s handbook, group exercises,testsandevaluationquestionnaires .
38 . ITUisplanningtoreleaseacomplementarymanual and training course on the
production of household ICT statistics in2008 .
39 . Partners also run regional capacity-building workshops and training courses .Recentexamplesare:
• RegionalWorkshop on Measuring theInformation Society, 11-12 February2008, San Salvador, El Salvador .The workshop was organized byUNECLAC, with the support ofUNCTAD, the NSO and the Ministryof Economics of El Salvador . TheOSILACinformationsystemandNSOexperiences in the collection of ICTstatistics, were presented .Agreementson the harmonized presentation ofindicatorswerereachedandfourworkinggroupswerecreatedtoworkon,amongotherthings,methodologicalissuesandproposalsfornewindicators .
• Training course on the Productionof Statistics for the InformationEconomy for Asia, 18-22 February2008,Incheon,RepublicofKorea .Thecourse was organized by UNCTADandhostedbytheUNESCAPAsiaandPacificTrainingCentreforInformationand Communication Technology forDevelopment,incollaborationwiththeUN Statistical Institute for Asia andPacific .
• The UNCTAD training course onthe Production of Statistics for theInformation Economy was firstdelivered in Colombia in December2007, in cooperation with the CentroAndinodeAltosEstudios(CANDANE)forthemembercountriesoftheAndeanCommunityandUNECLAC .
• Capacity Building Workshop onInformation Society Statistics:InfrastructureandHouseholdIndicators,6-8 November 2007, Bangkok,Thailand . The workshop was jointlyorganizedby ITU,UNESCAPand theAsia-Pacific Telecommunity (APT) .The workshop covered definitions,collection methodologies and data
15
Chapter 1. Introduction
collection issues for ICT statistics,with an emphasis on infrastructureand household ICT statistics . Theworkshop was addressed primarily tostaffofNSOswhoare responsible forinformation society measurement, aswellasrepresentativesofministriesandregulatoryagencieswhoareproducersand/orusersofICTstatistics .
• A training course, How to Establishan ICT Indicators Database, tookplacefrom29Octoberto2November2007,inIndonesia .Thetrainingtaughtstatisticians and data collectors (fromthe NSO and the telecommunicationregulatory authority) about ITU’sdefinition and collection oftelecommunication/ICT indicators, aswell as collection and disseminationof ICT statistics collected using anICT household survey . The trainingincludeddiscussionsonthedefinitionoftelecommunication/ICTindicators,datacollection techniques, and examplesof how to compile country data usingcompanyannualreports .
• Capacity-Building Workshop onInformation Society Measurements:HouseholdandBusinessSurveys,June2007, Cairo, Egypt . The workshopwas jointly organized by UNESCWA,UNCTAD, OECD, the ITU ArabRegional Office, the League of ArabStates and the Egyptian Ministry ofCommunications and InformationTechnology .Itfocusedonthetechnicalandmethodologicalaspectsofcapacity-building and on the use of surveysfor the collection of data for the coreindicators on ICT use by householdsandbusinesses .Inaddition,participantsdiscussed global and regionalexperiences in ICT measurement andstatisticsontheICTsector .
• Regional Workshop on InformationSociety Measurement in Africa,March 2007, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia .The workshop was jointly organizedby UNCTAD-UNECA-ITU and built
on the work of the Partnership andthe Scan-ICT measurement project,and aimed to advance the availabilityof comparable ICT data for Africa .The event allowed statisticians andpolicymakers to discuss the need forcomparable data on the informationsocietyandsharebestpracticesinICTmeasurementattheregionallevel .Themeeting also discussed possible coreindicators for e-government, reviewedthe results achieved and challengesencountered in the implementation ofPhase II of Scan-ICT and identifiedtechnicalassistanceneeds .Theworkshopprovidedpracticalrecommendationsonpolicies,programmesandmechanismsformonitoringandmeasuringregionalinformation society development withtheaimofpromotingtheproductionofcomparableICTindicatorsforeffectiveICTpolicymaking .
• Expert Group Meeting on ICTIndicators Adoption and DataCollection:ICTIndicatorsinEducationand E-government, February 2007,Cairo,Egypt .Themeetingwas jointlyorganized by UNESCWA, UNESCOInstitute for Statistics (UIS), theKnowledge Management Branch/DPADM/UNDESA, and the CabinetInformation and Decision SupportCenter(IDSC) .ThemeetingconsideredaproposalfromUISforcoreindicatorson the use of ICT in education forpossible endorsement and adoptioninto the Partnership list of core ICTindicators . It also provided a forumfor disseminating case studies andpresenting proposals for indicatorson the use of ICT by government,therebypavingthewayforestablishinga preliminary regional list to startcollectingdatafortheseindicators .
• AnUNCTADtrainingcourse,January2007, Bangkok, Thailand . UNCTADandtheThaiNationalStatisticalOfficecarried out a joint research project tomeasure the impact of the adoption
16
The Global Information Society: a Statistical View
anduseof ICTon theproductivityofThaifirms .Thetrainingcoursewasonapplying econometric methods to ICTdataanalysisandfollowedaconferenceheld the previous day on MeasuringICT .
• Capacity-Building Workshop onInformation Society Measurements:Core Indicators, Statistics and DataCollection, December 2006, Amman,Jordan . The workshop was organizedby the ITUArab Regional Office, theJordanianMinistryofICT,UNESCWAand the Arab Institute for TrainingandResearch inStatistics (AITRS) . ItaimedtobuildontheoutcomesoftheGenevaandTunisphasesof theWSISand considered implementation ofthe decisions endorsed by the earliercapacity-building workshop held inthe region, in June 2005 . In addition,participantsexploredthestepsnecessaryfor fulfilling mandates outlined in theArab Initiative that was presented atthe fourth World TelecommunicationDevelopment Conference (Doha, 7-15March2006) .
• The Third Regional Workshop onInformation Society Measurementin Latin America and the Caribbean,November2006,Panama .Theworkshop
highlighted the progress made incollectingICTdataviahouseholdandbusiness surveys .The meeting, whichincluded participants from NSOs,ministries and regulatory agencies,also discussed capacity-building andtechnical assistance requirements .TheworkshopwasorganizedbyUNECLACwith the supportof ITUand theNSOfromPanama .
• Training on Information and Commu-nications Technology measurement inPanama, November 2006 (prior to theThird Regional Workshop) . The trai-ningwaspromotedbyUNECLAC,andpresentedbyStatisticsCanada .
• The Joint UNCTAD–ITU–UNESCAPRegional Workshop on InformationSociety Measurements in Asia-Pacific,July2006,Bangkok,Thailand .The Workshop allowed participants(representativesfromNSOs,ministriesand regulatory agencies) to discussthe need for comparable data on theinformation society and to share bestpractices in ICT measurement at theregional level . The meeting focusedonthecoreICTindicators,definitions,methodologies and data collectionissues .Inaddition,itidentifiedtechnicalassistanceneedsinthisarea .
17
Chapter 1. Introduction
4.1 Africa
40 . TheAfricanInformationSocietyInitiative5(AISI), adopted in 1996, is the basis ofUNECA’s work on promoting ICT asa motor for African development . Atthe inception of AISI, it was recognisedthat regional efforts to harness ICT fordevelopment would only be realized ifnationsimplementedeffectivemeasurementtools . Currently, reliable statisticalindicators for collecting and compilingdata on the impact of ICT in Africa arescarce because mostAfrican nations lackbasic informationonkeyICTandrelatedeconomicandsocialindicators .
41 . To respond to this challenge, the Scan-ICTInitiativewas launched inNovember2000 as a collaborative project betweentheAcaciaprogrammeoftheInternationalDevelopment Research Centre (IDRC)and UNECA . Phase 1 of the initiativeaimed to monitor the penetration, impactand effectiveness of ICT in six Africancountries and thereby assist memberstates to develop national informationsocietiesandeconomiesbydevelopingandcompilingsuitablestatisticalindicators .
42 . The first phase ended in 2004 andinvolvedpilotsurveysinEthiopia,Ghana,Mozambique, Morocco, Senegal andUganda .Thesurveysaddressededucation,health, public administration and theprivate sector/private ICT firms . Majorfindingsincluded:
• ICT penetration is generally higherin educational institutions and publicadministration facilities than in healthinstitutions;
• While many institutions report ICTuse, frequently only a few staff ineach institution actually possess thatcapability;
• Ashortageofqualifiedstaffappearstobeacriticalissueinallareas;and
• The proportion of institutions withwebsites is lowand thecontentof thesites is frequently limited to genericinformation . Thus, the resources ofthe Internet as a tool forbusinessandcommercehaveyettomakeasubstantiveimpactinthepilotcountries .
43 . TheScan-ICTsurveyresultsshowthatthesix pilot countries are following differentICT development patterns that haveresulted in different ways of addressingICT challenges . In some cases, buildinginfrastructurehasbeenemphasized,whileinothers,thefocusisoneducation/trainingandastrongskillsbase .
4.2 Asia-Pacific
44 . SeveralresearcheffortsofUNESCAPhaveattempted to characterize the supportiveenvironmentforICTintheregion,includingits use . However, these efforts have beenimpaired by lack of data . UNESCAP(2006),attempted tosolvesuchproblemsby computing a value of the (UNDP)
4. Regional measurement initiatives
18
The Global Information Society: a Statistical View
HumanDevelopmentIndex(HDI),aswellasaseparateConnectionIndex(CI),whichuses data on fixed and mobile telephoneusers,and Internetusers .The indexesareavailable for all UNESCAP member andassociate member economies . The HDIcan be used to summarize the enablingenvironmentandtheCIthedeliveryofICTresults to thepeopleof economiesof theregion .
45 . TheStatistical Yearbook for Asia and the Pacific 2007(UNESCAP,2007)presenteda range of current ICT statistics for theregion .
4.3 Latin America and the Caribbean
46 . InresponsetoalackofregionalICTdata,in2003,UNECLACand the Institute forConnectivity in the Americas (ICA) ofthe International Development ResearchCentre of Canada (IDRC) created theObservatory for the Information Societyin Latin America and the Caribbean(OSILAC) . The main objective of theObservatory is to foster the developmentofICTstatisticsinLatinAmericaandtheCaribbean .TheObservatoryoperatesundertheumbrellaoftheStatisticalConferenceoftheAmericasofUNECLACandworkswith members of the Partnership andNSOsoftheregiontoachieveharmonizedmeasurement of access to, and use of,ICTataregional,nationalandlocallevel .Since 2005, additional donor agencieshave joined the effort; they included theEuropeanCommission through the@LISprogram of the EuropeAid Co-operationOffice . In the sameyear, countriesof theregionadoptedaplanofactionthatcalledon participants to “Support and foster,with technical co-operation programmes,institution-building and methodologicalstrengthening and the development of
ICT access and use indicators . . .” and to“carryoutannualtechnicalseminars,withthe participation of national and regionalstatistical agencies, such as those of theObservatory for the Information Societyin Latin America and the Caribbean(OSILAC)” .6
4.4 Western Asia and the Arab region
47 . Theregionhasbeeninvolvedinanumberof capacity-building workshops/meetingsrelating to ICT measurement (these arelistedabove) .
48 . Following the recommendations of onesuch meeting (the Expert Group Meeting on ICT Indicators Adoption and Data Collection: ICT Indicators in Education and E-government,heldinFebruary2007),UNESCWA, in collaboration with theArabInstituteforTrainingandResearchinStatistics(AITRS),hastranslatedthecorelistofICTindicatorsintoArabicforwiderdisseminationintheArabregion .
49 . In addition, UNESCWA and AITRShave published, in Arabic, a bookletentitled Guidelines for ICT Indicators Measurement (UNESCWA, 2007a) . Thisbooklet constitutes the first step towardsthe standardization of the measurementprocessforICTindicators .
50 . Several UNESCWA member economiescollect ICT statistics in the areas of ICTexpenditure (including its percentageof GDP) and exports of ICT services .The statistics can be found on theWorldDevelopment Indicators 2007 CD-ROM(WorldBank,2007)intables4 .2Structure of output,5 .11The Information Ageand4 .6Structure of service exports .AnanalysisofthesestatisticscanbefoundinUNESCWA(2007b) .
19
Chapter 1. Introduction
Notes1 JointUNECE/UNCTAD/UIS/ITU/OECD/EurostatsideeventtoWSISon“MonitoringtheInformationSociety”,
December2003,Geneva .
2 Thiswaspresentedtoaninter-agencycoordinationmeetingoninformationsocietystatisticsattheoccasionofthethirty-fifthsessionoftheUNStatisticalCommission,NewYork,5March2004 .
3 SeealsoUNCTAD’swebsite:http://new .unctad .org/templates/calendar____631 .aspx .
4 A‘referenceindicator’,HHR1,ontheproportionofhouseholdswithelectricityisalsopartofthisset .However,feweconomiescollectit .
5 www .uneca .org/aisi .
6 PlanofActionfortheInformationSocietyinLatinAmericaandtheCaribbeaneLAC2007,June2005,goals26 .1and26 .3 .
21
Chapter 2. ICT infrastructure and access
Table 1. Core indicators on ICT infrastructure and access
Basic core indicators
A1 Fixedtelephonelinesper100inhabitants
A2 Mobilecellulartelephonesubscribersper100inhabitants
A3 Computersper100inhabitants
A4 Internetsubscribersper100inhabitants
A5 BroadbandInternetsubscribersper100inhabitants
A6 InternationalInternetbandwidthperinhabitant(bits)
A7 Percentageofpopulationcoveredbymobilecellulartelephony
A8 Internetaccesstariffs(20hourspermonth),inUS$(A8a),andasapercentageofper capita
income(A8b)
A9 Mobilecellulartariffs(100minutesofusepermonth),inUS$(A9a),andasapercentageofper
capitaincome(A9b)
A10 PercentageoflocalitieswithpublicInternetaccesscentres(PIACs)bynumberofinhabitants
(rural/urban)
Extended core indicatorsA11 Radiosetsper100inhabitantsA12 Televisionsetsper100inhabitants
Source: Core ICT Indicators (Partnership, 2005c).
51 . The data presented in this chapter arebased on the core ICT infrastructure and accessindicators,whichareshowninTable1 below and defined in Annex 2 . These
indicatorsarecollectedbytheInternationalTelecommunication Union (ITU) and arepublishedintheWorld Telecommunication/ICT Indicators Database (ITU, 2007b)
Chapter 2. ICT infrastructure and access
1. Introduction
22
The Global Information Society: a Statistical View
and other publications such as the World Telecommunication/ICT Development Report (ITU, 2006) . They are definedin ITU’s Telecommunication Indicators Handbook (ITU,2007a),with thegoal ofassistingthestandardizationofstatisticsinthisfield .
52 . Given rapid changes in the area oftelecommunications and ICT, it isnecessaryfortheindicatorstobeupdatedregularly . Changes are discussed, andrevisedindicatorsadopted,atITU’sWorldTelecommunication/ICTIndicators (WTI)meeting,whichisorganizedregularly .ThefifthWTI meeting took place in October2006andapprovedarevisedversionoftheTelecommunication Indicators Handbook(ITU, 2007a) . The sixth WTI meeting
washeldinDecember2007andincludeddiscussion of indicators to measurecommunity access and to reflect newertechnologies and services, particularlythe uptake of mobile broadband . Thediscussionsdidnotresultinmodificationstotheindicatordefinitions .
53 . ITU collects data from several sourcesbut mainly through an annual survey oftelecommunicationauthorities,telecommu-nication/ICTMinistriesandsomeoperators .Additional data are obtained from reportsprovided by telecommunication regulatoryauthorities, ministries and operators, andfrom ITU staff reports . In some cases,estimatesarederivedfromITUbackgrounddocumentsorotherreferences(ITU,2003;2007b) .
23
Chapter 2. ICT infrastructure and access
54 . AsTable2shows,dataontheinfrastructureandaccessindicators(A1–A9)arewidelyavailable . Data for the three indicators,A10–12 are available for a smallerproportion of economies, with the leastavailableindicatorbeingA10(‘percentageof localities with public Internet accesscentres(PIACs)bynumberofinhabitants(rural/urban)’) that is available for only12 per cent of economies .1 The reasonfor the relatively high availability of theother infrastructure and access indicatorsis that the underlying statistics arebased on administrative data collected
by telecommunication/ICT regulatoryauthorities or ministries directly fromservice providers, rather than from ICTusersdirectly .
55 . ITUcollectsandpublishesamuchlargersetoftelecommunication/ICTindicatorsthanthesetofcoreindicators .Theseareavailablefrom the World Telecommunication/ICTIndicatorsDatabase(ITU,2007b) .
56 . Annex1showstheavailabilityofindicatorsA1–A12forindividualeconomies .
2. Measurement status
Table 2. Summary of global measurement status by level of development:2
ICT infrastructure and access3
Indicator Developed Transition Developing Least Totalnumberof economies economies economies developed economieswith economies eachindicator
Proportionofeconomieswitheachindicator
A1 84% 100% 89% 94% 214A2 86% 100% 90% 98% 218A3 69% 89% 83% 94% 197A4 67% 68% 58% 66% 148A5 80% 89% 67% 88% 180A6 90% 100% 97% 100% 229A7 71% 84% 57% 36% 137A8a 67% 89% 70% 88% 178A8b 67% 89% 67% 86% 173A9a 76% 89% 77% 84% 188A9b 67% 89% 69% 82% 174A10 4% 11% 14% 16% 29A11 12% 26% 31% 66% 81A12 35% 32% 43% 52% 100
Total 49 19 120 50 238economies
Source: ITU (see Annex 1 for more detail).
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The Global Information Society: a Statistical View
3.1 Infrastructure and access statistics
57 . Therearetwobroadtypesofinfrastructureandaccessindicators–thosewhereahighervalueimpliesabettersituationintermsofICTinfrastructureandaccessdevelopment(the‘positive’indicators)andthosewherea lower value usually indicates a bettersituation (tariff indicators) . IndicatorsA1 toA7, andA10 toA12 are ‘positive’indicators .The remaining indicators,A8a&bandA9a&b,aretariffindicators .
58 . Becausealargenumberofcountrieshavecore infrastructure and access indicators,data have been aggregated (by levelof development and region) . This bothimprovespresentationandprovidesviewsofthedatathatareeasiertounderstandandanalyse .
59 . Thedatahavebeenpresentedataggregatelevel in two different ways . The first isaggregations formedfromcomponentsofcountry level data, namely, the originalnumeratoranddenominatordata .Theseareaggregated across levels of development/regions and then the ratios are calculatedat aggregate level .4 Table 3 showsaggregationsfromcountrylevelcomponent
3. Statistical summary
data for the indicators for which this ispossible (A1 to A7) .5 However, not allindicatorscanbeaggregatedinthismanner .Therefore, themedianof indicatorvalueswas used to show level of developmentandregionaggregationsfortheremainingindicators(A8toA12) .ThesecanbefoundinTable4 .
60 . Tables 3 and 4 show that the developedeconomies have higher aggregate ormedianvaluesforallthepositiveindicators– in most cases much higher than forthe other levels of development . Thereis a clear pattern of decreasing value ofpositiveindicatorswithdecreasinglevelofdevelopment .
61 . Inrespectoftariffindicators,A8a(InternetaccesstariffsinUS$)islowestfortransitioneconomiesandsecondlowestfordevelopedeconomies . Indicator A9a (mobile phonetariffs in US$) is highest for developedeconomies and lowest for developingeconomies .Whenlookedatona‘percapitaincome’basis(indicatorsA8bandA9b),itisclearthatbothInternetandmobilephonetariffsarelowinrelativeincometermsfordevelopedeconomiesandveryhighfortheleastdevelopedeconomies .
25
Chapter 2. ICT infrastructure and access
Table 3. ICT infrastructure and access core indicators, aggregate values,6
latest year available7
Levelof A1 . A2 . A3 . A4 . A5 . A6 . A7 .development Fixed Mobile Computers Internet Broadband International Percentageand telephone cellular subscribers Internet Internet ofregion2 lines telephone subscribers bandwidth population subscribers per coveredby inhabitant mobile (bits) cellular Numberper100inhabitants telephony
Developed 51 92 62 24 19 4 755 99 economiesAsia8 43 79 na 27 21 1038 100Europe 49 107 50 24 17 6245 99NorthernAmerica 58 75 77 22 20 3645 99Oceania 48 95 52 32 18 10026 98Transition 23 77 10 3 2 223 88 economiesAsia 11 20 4 1 0 .1 25 69Europe 26 93 11 3 2 277 97Developing 15 33 5 4 2 177 74 economiesAfrica 6 35 2 2 0 .3 58 77Asia 16 30 4 4 2 168 69LatinAmericaand 18 55 12 5 3 335 90theCaribbeanOceania 4 9 7 4 0 .5 50 74Least developed 0.9 10 0.7 0.2 0.0 7 59 economiesAfrica 0 .7 8 0 .6 0 .3 0 .0 8 48Asia 1 13 0 .9 0 .2 0 .0 5 76LatinAmericaand 2 6 0 .2 0 .9 na 18 natheCaribbean8
Oceania 4 5 3 0 .6 0 .1 25 20
Source: ITU World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators Database.
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The Global Information Society: a Statistical View
Table 4: ICT infrastructure and access core indicators, median values,6
latest year available9
Levelof A8a . A8b . A9a . A9b . A10 . A11 . A12 .development Internet Internet Mobile Mobile Percentage Radio Televisionand access access cellular cellular of sets setsregion2 tariffs, tariffs,asa tariffs, tariffs,asa localities inUS$ percentage inUS$ percentage withPIAC’s ofpercapita ofpercapita bynumber income income ofinhabitants
20hourspermonth 100minutesofusepermonth per100inhabitants
Developed 16 1 30 2 na 128 57 economiesAsia8 14 0 .5 52 2 na na naEurope 19 1 28 2 na 114 55NorthernAmerica na na 12 na na na naUSA10 15 0.4 10 0.3 na na naOceania 17 0 .9 43 2 na na 63Transition 12 11 27 17 na 54 24 economiesAsia 12 26 19 35 na na 23Europe 13 7 27 15 na 46 25Developing 22 8 20 8 26 29 22 economiesAfrica 31 21 20 14 50 23 16Asia 12 3 13 3 99 43 32LatinAmericaand 24 11 26 9 6 40 22theCaribbeanOceania 25 53 22 6 na 55 19Least developed 41 123 22 60 6 15 2 economiesAfrica 42 168 23 87 11 15 2Asia 26 39 8 18 2 10 6LatinAmericaand 71 213 13 39 na na natheCaribbean8
Oceania 58 50 34 35 na 13 1
Source: ITU World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators Database.
62 . Forthe‘positive’coreindicators,A1toA7,it ispossibletolookatchangeovertime,in this case based on aggregate valuesat three points in time, 1995, 2000 and2006 .11 Table 5 shows such an analysisby level of development . It reveals largeincreases in thevalueofsome indicators,foralllevelsofdevelopment–particularlythe number of mobile phone subscribers .For others, increases were lower or wererestricted to some levels of development .The number of fixed telephone lineshas increased modestly for most levelsof development but has stabilized since1995 for developed economies . With the
exception of mobile phone subscribersandinternationalbandwidth,indicatorsforthe least developed economies have notincreasedmuchoverthe11-yearperiod .
63 . Asthetableshows,eventhelatestvaluesofsomeoftheindicatorsarestillverylowfortransition,developingandleastdevelopedeconomies, especially those relating tocomputersandtheInternet .Itisthereforeimportanttoconsiderbothabsolutevaluesand percentage changes when attemptingto analyse differences between levels ofdevelopmentandovertime .
27
Chapter 2. ICT infrastructure and access
64 . Chart1compareschangesinthenumbersoffixedandmobilephonesubscribers(per100 inhabitants) over the period 1995 to2006 .Itillustrates:
• Thedramaticdifferencebetweenfixedand mobile phone growth over theperiod;
• The low levels in least developedeconomies compared with developingeconomies;and
• Thestabilizationofthenumberoffixedtelephonelinesindevelopedeconomies,with steadygrowth for other levels ofdevelopment .
Table 5. Change over time by level of development, selected core indicators,6
1995, 2000 and 2006
Levelof Year A1 . A2 . A3 . A4 . A5 . A6 . A7 .development Fixed Mobile Computers Internet Broadband International Percentageand telephone cellular subscribers Internet Internet ofregion2 lines telephone subscribers bandwidth population subscribers per coveredby inhabitant mobile (bits) cellular Numberper100inhabitants telephony
Developed 1995 50 8 19 na na na naeconomies 2000 57 50 37 14 1 606 98 2006 51 92 62 24 19 4755 99
Transition 1995 15 0 .1 5 na na na naeconomies 2000 19 3 5 0 .3 na 12 76 2006 23 77 10 3 2 223 88
Developing 1995 5 0 .4 3 na na na naeconomies 2000 9 6 3 0 .9 na 5 71 2006 15 33 5 4 2 177 74
Least 1995 0 .3 0 .0 0 .3 na na na nadeveloped 2000 0 .5 0 .3 0 .3 0 .0 na 0 .2 34economies 2006 0 .9 10 0 .7 0 .2 0 .0 7 59
Source: ITU World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators Database.
28
The Global Information Society: a Statistical View
65 . Some interesting timeseriescomparisonsbetween the developed and developingworldhavebeenmadebyITUandcanbefoundontheirwebsite,see:http://www .itu .int/ITU-D/ict/statistics/ict/index .html .
3.2 Regional analysis
66 . As discussed above, indicators A1 toA7,andA10toA12canbethoughtofas‘positive’ ICT infrastructure and accessindicators,thatis,ahighervalueimpliesahigherlevelofICTinfrastructureandaccessdevelopment .Tables3and4showthat,formost of the positive indicators, Northern
America, Europe and the developedOceania and Asian countries have thehighest aggregate or median values . Thelowestvaluesofthepositiveindicatorscanbe found inAfrican andAsian countries,especially those that are among the leastdevelopedeconomies .Thetariffindicators8aand9a (indicating themonthlycost inUS dollars of Internet and mobile phoneaccess respectively)aremoreevenacrossregions,althoughtheyarerelativelylowforAsiaandtheUSA .However,whenlookedatona‘percapitaincome’basis,theleastdevelopedeconomiesinAfricafaremuchworsethanotherregions,withtherelativecostforthoseservicesveryhigh .12
Chart 1. Fixed phone lines and mobile phone subscribers, per 100 inhabitants
Source: ITU World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators Database.
Notes1 Thisindicatorhasonlybeencollectedforarelativelyshorttime .Itprovidesimportantinformationfordeveloping
economies,wherefewhouseholdshaveInternetaccessandthereforemanyindividualsusetheInternetatpublicfacilities .Dataontheindicatorarescarcebecausemanycountriesfinditdifficulttomeasurethisindicator .Problemsoftenstartwiththedefinitionof‘localities’(whichincludevillages,townsandcities)andtheavailabilityofdataonlocalities .Inaddition,localitydatamaynotbelinkedtotheavailabilityofpublicInternetaccesscentres(PIACs) .Inothercases, thenumberofPIACs(or their location)arenot tracked . ITUisencouragingmorecountries tocollectthisinformation .
1995 2000 2006 1995 2000 2006 1995 2000 2006 1995 2000
Developedeconomies
Transitioneconomies
Developingeconomies
Least developedeconomies
2006
100
80
60
40
20
0
A1. Fixed telephone lines per 100 inhabitants A2. Mobile cellular subscribers per 100
29
Chapter 2. ICT infrastructure and access
2 Annex 1 shows the economies which are included in each ‘level of development’ and ‘region’ category .TheclassificationisbasedontheUNStatisticalDivision’sStandard country or area codes for statistical use,seehttp://unstats .un .org/unsd/methods/m49/m49 .htm .Theclassificationwas revised inJanuary2008and isnowslightlydifferentfromtheversionusedtoaggregatedataforthispublication .ThedifferencesaredetailedinAnnex1 .
3 AnindicatorwasconsideredtobeavailableifITUreceiveddataforit(includingzerovalues)fortheyear2002orlater .ThetotaleconomycountincludescountriesfromwhichITUdoesnotcollectdata .SeeAnnex1fordetails .
4 Forexample,fortheindicatorA1(thenumberoffixedtelephonelinesper100inhabitants),thenumberoffixedtelephonelinesissummed,asisthenumberofinhabitants .ThevalueoftheindicatorA1iscalculatedastheratio:totalnumberoffixedtelephonelinestototalnumberofinhabitantsdividedby100 .
5 In theory,A10-12couldbeaggregated fromcomponentdata,however, theyhavenotbeenbecauseof lackofdata .
6 Anoteonthepresentationofvaluesintablesofthischapter:theterm‘na’meansnotavailable,thatis,thereareinsufficientdatatoproduceameaningfulresultornodataareavailable .Allvalueswhicharelessthan1havebeenshownto1decimalplace .
7 Latest year availableisgenerally2005or2006 .SeeAnnex1fordetails .
8 Thiscategoryconsistsofonecountryonly .
9 Latest year availableisgenerally2005or2006withtheexceptionofindicatorsA11andA12,wheredataweregenerallyolder .SeeAnnex1fordetails .
10 NorthernAmerica is a small region consisting of only five economies, therefore median values may not bemeaningful .Forcomparativepurposes,dataforUSAareshownseparately .
11 2006dataorlatestyearavailable .Datafor1995arenotavailableforallindicators .
12 TheonlyexceptionisfortheLatinAmericaandtheCaribbeanregionwhichconsistsofonlyonecountry .
31
Chapter 3. Access to, and use of, ICT by households and individuals
67 . ThedatapresentedinthischapterarebasedonthecoreICTindicatorsonaccessto,anduseof,ICTbyhouseholdsandindividuals(HH1-HH13) .TheseareshowninTable6belowandaredefinedinAnnex3 .
68 . Statistics on household/individual ICTaccess and use are typically collectedby NSOs through household surveys .These may be surveys that are dedicatedto measuring ICT access and use, orsurveyssuchaslabourforceor‘omnibus’(‘general purpose’) surveys where ICTis one of several topics . Most developedeconomies have been collecting thesestatistics in a reasonably coordinatedfashion for a number of years, usingmodel questionnaires recommended bytheOECDandEurostat .Othereconomiesare starting to collect these indicatorsusing the core indicators methodologicalrecommendations (Partnership, 2005c)and/or those of the OECD (2007a) andEurostat (2006 and 2007a) . Amongdevelopingeconomies,theLatinAmericanandCaribbeancountrieshaverecentlybeenveryactiveinthecollectionofhouseholdICTindicators(seeBox2) .
69 . The OECD and Eurostat have beencollecting and publishing household/
individual ICT access and use statisticsfrom their member countries since 2002 .More recently, ITU has started to collectthesestatisticsfromdevelopingeconomiesandcompilestatisticsforalleconomies .
70 . Statistical standards for household/individual ICT access and use indicatorshave been developed primarily by theOECDandEurostat .AswesawinChapter1,thePartnershiphasplayedanimportantrole in extending these standards todeveloping economies, via the core listof ICT indicators . Several internationalorganizations are proactive in promotinghousehold statistical standards andmethodologies more generally . The UNStatistics Division plays a major role indeveloping and promulgating standards,whiletheInternationalHouseholdSurveyNetwork (IHSN) fosters the improvementoftheavailability,accessibilityandqualityof household survey data in developingeconomies, and encourages their use bydecision-makersandothers .1
71 . This chapter presents data and metadatacollected by ITU, supplemented byinformation from Eurostat, nationalstatisticalsourcesandtheOECD .
Chapter 3. Access to, and use of, ICT by households and individuals
1. Introduction
32
The Global Information Society: a Statistical View
Table 6. Core indicators on access to, and use of, ICT by households and individuals
Basic core indicators
HH1 Proportionofhouseholdswitharadio
HH2 ProportionofhouseholdswithaTV
HH3 Proportionofhouseholdswithafixedlinetelephone
HH4 Proportionofhouseholdswithamobilecellulartelephone
HH5 Proportionofhouseholdswithacomputer
HH6 Proportionofindividualswhousedacomputer(fromanylocation)inthelast12months
HH7 ProportionofhouseholdswithInternetaccessathome
HH8 ProportionofindividualswhousedtheInternet(fromanylocation)inthelast12months
HH9 LocationofindividualuseoftheInternetinthelast12months Athome Atwork Placeofeducation Atanotherperson’shome CommunityInternetaccessfacility CommercialInternetaccessfacility Others
HH10 Internetactivitiesundertakenbyindividualsinthelast12months Gettinginformation: Aboutgoodsorservices Relatedtohealthorhealthservices Fromgovernmentorganizations/publicauthoritiesviawebsitesoremail Otherinformationorgeneralwebbrowsing Communicating Purchasingororderinggoodsorservices Internetbanking Educationorlearningactivities Dealing(interacting)withgovernmentorganizations/publicauthorities Leisureactivities Playing/downloadingvideoorcomputergames Downloadingmovies,musicorsoftware Reading/downloadingelectronicbooks,newspapersormagazines Otherleisureactivities
Extended core indicators
HH11 Proportionofindividualswithuseofamobiletelephone
HH12 ProportionofhouseholdswithaccesstotheInternetbytypeofaccess Narrowbandaccess Broadbandaccess SeeAnnex3fordetailedcategories .
HH13 FrequencyofindividualaccesstotheInternetinthelast12months(fromanylocation) Atleastonceaday Atleastonceaweekbutnoteveryday Atleastonceamonthbutnoteveryweek Lessthanonceamonth
HHR1 Proportionofhouseholdswithelectricity2
Source: Core ICT Indicators (Partnership, 2005c).
33
Chapter 3. Access to, and use of, ICT by households and individuals
72 . Table 7 shows that some of the coreindicators on household/individual ICTaccess and use are reasonably widelyavailable, especially for developedeconomies . However, there remainquestionsofdatacomparability, includingvariable age scope (for individuals) andvariationsinquestionsasked(forinstance,howlocationsandactivitiesaredefined) .Inaddition,mostcountriesdonothavegoodtimeseriesofICTaccessandusedataandmuchof theavailabledataareout-of-dateandthereforelessusefulgiventhepaceofchange in adoption of many technologies(this is especially true of developing andleastdevelopedeconomies;seeAnnex1formoreinformationonthecurrencyofdata) .
73 . Some of the access indicators are notwidely available, including those foraccesstoaradio(HH1)andthereference
indicator, access to electricity (HR1) .The individual ICT use indicators aregenerally lesswidelyavailable than thosefor household ICT access . In particular,the more complex indicators on locationand frequency of Internet use and thenature of Internet activities (HH9, HH10andHH13)arecollectedbyrelativelyfewcountries,withtheexceptionofdevelopedeconomies .3
74 . Notsurprisingly,Europeancountrieshavethe most comparable and available data,whilethewidermembershipoftheOECDhasareasonablesetofstatistics,althoughthey are less comparable than Eurostatdata .4 Amongst developing economies, anumber of LatinAmerica and Caribbeaneconomieshavequite comprehensive andrecentdatasets,althoughdifferencesinagescopestillexist(seeBox2) .
2. Measurement status
34
The Global Information Society: a Statistical View
Box 2. Measurement initiatives in the Latin America and the Caribbean region
Table 7. Summary of global measurement status by level of development:5
access to, and use of, ICT by households and individuals6
Indicator Developed Transition Developing Leastdeveloped Totalnumber economies economies economies economies economieswith eachindicator
Proportionofeconomieswitheachindicator
HH1 14% 21% 26% 34% 59HH2 61% 42% 33% 32% 94HH3 63% 37% 36% 32% 97HH4 65% 26% 31% 2% 75HH5 76% 47% 41% 20% 105HH6 63% 26% 14% 0% 53HH7 69% 37% 33% 6% 83HH8 65% 26% 23% 4% 66HH9 61% 26% 18% 0% 56HH10 63% 26% 17% 0% 55HH11 57% 21% 17% 0% 52HH12 59% 26% 8% 0% 43HH13 61% 26% 11% 0% 47HR1 14% 16% 19% 6% 36
Totaleconomies 49 19 120 50 238
Source: ITU and Eurostat (see Annex 1 for more detail).
In respect of household access statistics, mostcountries of the region have been asking questionson ICT access for some years .The main goods andservices about which information is collected areradio, television,fixed telephone and,more recently,the ownership of a computer, mobile telephone andaccess to the Internet . Between 2005 and 2006, asmallgroupofLACcountriesaddedamoduleofICTuse questions to household surveys . By 2006, abouthalfofthecountriesoftheregion,includingmostof
the larger ones, collected information on householdaccesstotheInternetandabout15countriescollectedallorsomeoftheICTindicatorsonhouseholdaccessanduse recommendedby the Partnership .Avarietyof survey types is used to collect these statistics,including multi purpose household surveys, lifeconditionssurveysandstand-aloneICTsurveys .Mostcountries collect the core access indicators annually,withthecoreuseindicatorscollectedlessfrequentlyforsomecountries .
Source: Olaya (2007).
35
Chapter 3. Access to, and use of, ICT by households and individuals
3.1 Household access to ICT
75 . Table8belowshowshouseholdICTaccessdata classified by level of development .For the 25 European Union countriescomprising ‘EU25’,7 data are shown asa single aggregate . Other countries areshownindividually .
76 . Despite some data comparability issues(as outlined above), a general pictureemerges of reasonably high access tonewertechnologiesamongsthouseholdsofdeveloped economies and lower levels inothereconomies .
77 . In developed economies (and manydeveloping and transition economies),most households have access to oldertechnologies, such as TV (HH2) andfixed phone (HH3) .8 In most developedeconomies,overhalfofallhouseholdshave
accesstothenewertechnologies–mobilephones (HH4), computers (HH5) and theInternet (HH7) .Access to computers andtheInternetinothereconomiesisgenerallylowbutappearstobeincreasing(seecharts3and4below) .Withveryfewexceptions,inleastdevelopedeconomies,thereisalowlevel of access to all technologies, exceptforradios .
78 . The proportion of households with theInternetcanbefurthersplittoshowthetypeof Internet access services used (HH12) .Table 9 shows HH12 for a small numberofcountries,plusEU25 .Eventhoughdataarenotwidelyavailable, thebroadpatternappears to be that developed economieshaveahigherlevelofhouseholdbroadbandaccess compared to economies at otherlevelsofdevelopment .Exceptionsaresomeof the wealthier Asian economies, whichhaveveryhighlevelsofbroadbandaccess .
3. Statistical summary
36
The Global Information Society: a Statistical View
Table 8. Household ICT access core indicators, proportion of households, latest year available9
Levelof Economy11 HH1 HH2 HH3 HH4 HH5 HH7 HR1development (radio) (TV) (fixed (mobile (computer) (Internet) (electri-andregion10 phone) phone) city)
Developed economies
Asia Japan 99% 91% 90% 81% 61%Europe Croatia 50% 94% 88% 28% 99%Europe Iceland 93% 94% 98% 89% 84%Europe Monaco 96% 93% 81% 56% 32% 100%Europe Norway 95% 67% 95% 82% 78%Europe SanMarino 83% Europe Switzerland 71% 77%Europe EU257 97% 82% 87% 66% 56%N .America Bermuda 73% 96% 91% 74% 66% 57% 100%N .America Canada 99% 99% 64% 72% 64%N .America UnitedStates 99% 62% 55% 100%Oceania Australia 73% 64%Oceania NewZealand 98% 93% 86% 72% 65% 95%
Transition economies
Asia Armenia 93% 72% 5% 4% 2% 99%Asia Azerbaijan 99% 69% 26% 9% 0% 100%Asia Georgia 19% 89% 33% 2% 100%Europe Belarus 93% 81% 16% 9% 100%Europe Bulgaria 98% 73% 64% 23% 19%Europe Rep .Moldova 82% 55% 2% Europe Romania 97% 52% 58% 34% 22%Europe Serbia 34% 26%Europe TFYRMacedonia 39% 99% 84% 71% 25% 14%
Developing economies
Africa Botswana 70% 22% 6% 1%Africa Cameroon 63% 23% 2% 22% 1%Africa Congo 57% 25% 1% Africa Egypt 85% 93% 56% 14% Africa Ghana 71% 26% 7% 5% Africa Kenya 74% 19% 13% Africa Mauritius 96% 77% 69% 24% 17% 99%Africa Morocco 79% 77% 18% 59% 13% 4%Africa Nigeria 77% 25% 6% Africa Réunion 55% 39%Africa SaintHelena 25% Africa Seychelles 92% 12% Africa SouthAfrica 81% 59% 55% 50% 80%Africa Tunisia 36% Africa Zimbabwe 24% Asia Cyprus12 100% 92% 91% 53% 39%Asia HongKongSARChina 72% 67%Asia India 33% 45% 1% 0% Asia Indonesia 70% 65% 14% 3% 91%Asia Iran,IslamicRepublicof 26% Asia Israel 93% 87% 84% 59% 41%Asia Lebanon 97% 37% 43% 24% 100%Asia MacaoSARChina 56% 32% 100%Asia Malaysia 28% Asia Mongolia 25% 86% 20% 28% 6% 9% 86%Asia Occ .PalestinianTerr . 93% 8% 30% 26% 9%
37
Chapter 3. Access to, and use of, ICT by households and individuals
Levelof Economy11 HH1 HH2 HH3 HH4 HH5 HH7 HR1development (radio) (TV) (fixed (mobile (computer) (Internet) (electri-andregion10 phone) phone) city)
Asia Oman 69% 84% 44% 72% 24% 14% 98%Asia Philippines 71% 63% 12% 36% 7% 77%Asia RepublicofKorea13 79% 94%Asia Singapore 99% 78% 71%Asia SriLanka 4% 1%Asia Taiwan,China 100% 98% 65% 87%Asia Thailand 27% 16% 6% 99%Asia Turkey 98% 73% 12% 9%Asia VietNam 56% 87% LAC Bolivia 67% 63% 19% 39% 12% 4% 67%LAC Brazil14 88% 91% 48% 59% 19% 14% 97%LAC Chile 27% 47% 84% 33% 19%LAC Colombia 71% 85% 56% 8%LAC CostaRica 85% 91% 65% 50% 27% 10% 97%LAC Cuba 38% 88% 17% 1% 2% 0% 100%LAC DominicanRepublic 62% 76% 26% 44% 9% 3% 95%LAC Ecuador 73% 87% 36% 64% 18% 3% 96%LAC ElSalvador 58% 78% 41% 35% 7% 2%LAC FalklandIslands 72% LAC Honduras 65% 64% 30% 41% 8% 2% 70%LAC Martinique 50% 26%LAC Mexico 88% 93% 49% 47% 21% 10%LAC Panama 80% 83% 40% 64% 16% 8% 88%LAC Paraguay 80% 82% 17% 64% 6% 3% 97%LAC Peru 84% 69% 28% 28% 10% 5% 77%LAC Suriname 46% 23% 96%LAC TrinidadandTobago 60% 31% 17%LAC Uruguay 94% 91% 70% 49% 24% 14%LAC Venezuela 83% 91% 34% 25% 10% 2% 99%Oceania FrenchPolynesia 45% Oceania NewCaledonia 43% 44% Oceania N .MarianaIslands 79% 71% 40% 31%
Least developed economies
Africa BurkinaFaso 63% 12% 4% 3% Africa Chad 37% 3% 1% Africa Eritrea 0% Africa Ethiopia 34% 5% 4% 0%Africa Guinea 64% 11% 6% Africa Lesotho 54% 13% 18% Africa Madagascar 59% 18% 5% 9% 1%Africa Malawi 62% 5% 5% Africa Mozambique 53% 9% 2% Africa Rwanda 46% 2% 1% Africa Senegal 87% 40% 16% Africa Sudan 39% 16% 16% Africa Uganda 6% Africa U .Rep .ofTanzania 58% 6% 9% 11%Asia Bangladesh 30% 23% 5% 41%Asia Bhutan 77% 58% 5% 0%Asia LaoPeople’sDem .Rep . 0% Asia Maldives 72% 85% 67% 83% 28% 8%Asia Nepal 6% 37%
Source: ITU, UNECLAC and Eurostat (30 November 2007).
38
The Global Information Society: a Statistical View
Table 9. Households with access to Internet, by type of access,15 proportion of households with Internet access, latest year available9
Levelof Economy11 Dial-up ISDN DSL Cable Otherdevelopment modem modem modesofandregion10 access
Developed economies
Asia Japan 16% 19% 34% 16% 15%
Europe Iceland 7% 89%
Europe Norway 22% 77%
Europe EU257 25% 61%
Oceania Australia16 31% 54% 14% 9%
Oceania NewZealand 48% 36% 9% 9%
Transition economies
Asia Azerbaijan 41% 1% 1% 1% 56%
Europe Bulgaria 17% 16%
Europe Romania 62% 6%
Europe Serbia 75% 12%
Europe TFYRMacedonia 76% 5% 4% 31%
Developing economies
Africa Mauritius 76% 3% 17% 0% 4%
Asia China 25% 58% 17%
Asia Occ .PalestinianTerr . 69% 1% 15% 16%
Asia RepublicofKorea 3% 1% 82% 22% 23%
Asia Taiwan,China 4% 80% 6% 5%
Asia Thailand17 26% 53% 21%
LAC Brazil 63% 43%
LAC CostaRica 61% 3% 20% 16% 1%
Source: ITU and Eurostat (30 November 2007).
79 . There are several examplesof time seriesdata for household ICT statistics .Chart 2belowshows time-seriesdata forEurostatcountries (represented by the EU15aggregateinordertoshowalongerseriesof observations) in respect of household
accesstotheInternet .ItshowsasteadyriseinInternetaccessfrom2002to2007 .Themethod used to access the Internet in thethreeyears,2005to2007,showsarapidriseinbroadbandaccess,withacorrespondingdropindial-upandISDNaccess .
39
Chapter 3. Access to, and use of, ICT by households and individuals
80 . Charts3and4belowshowaselectionoftimeseriesdataforhouseholdcomputerandInternet access .Even though thedataarenotnecessarilycomparable, theyallshowthe same rising trend over recent years .For some economies, the level of accessto computers is stabilizing, presumably
reflecting the fact that most householdswithaninterestincomputershadaccessby2006 .Asat2006, thesamegeneral trendwasnotevidentfortheInternet,wheretheaccess level was still increasing for mosteconomies .
Chart 2. Change in household means of accessing the Internet, EU15, proportion of all households18
Source: Eurostat, 30 November 2007.
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
Household Internet access bytype, dial-up and ISDN
Household Internet accessby type, broadband
Proportion of households withInternet access at home
40
The Global Information Society: a Statistical View
Chart 3: Change in household level of access to a computer, selected countries
Source: ITU.
Chart 4. Change in household level of access to the Internet, selected countries
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
0%
Hong Kong SAR China
Romania
United Kingdom
Cyprus
Sweden
Brazil
Republic of Korea
Costa Rica
Mexico
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
0%
Austria
DenmarkHungary
Portugal
SwitzerlandRepublic of Korea
Peru
SingaporeMexico
Source: ITU.
41
Chapter 3. Access to, and use of, ICT by households and individuals
3.2 Individual use of ICT
81 . Table10showsindividualdataforuseofcomputers,theInternetandmobilephones .As with the household access indicators,for the 25 European Union countriescomprising ‘EU25’, data are shown as asingleaggregate .
82 . Despite some data availability andcomparability issues (described underMeasurement status above), a generalpicture emerges of high computer and
Internet use by individuals in developedeconomies and some developingeconomies (particularly, the wealthierAsian economies) . Levels of use areconsiderably lower for the transition andmostdevelopingeconomies,includingthetwoleastdevelopedeconomiesforwhichdataareavailable .
83 . Mobile phone use is generally higherthan computer or Internet use, with thedifference in the penetration rate oftengreaterindevelopingeconomies .
Table 10. Individual use of computers, the Internet and mobile phones,19 latest year available9
Levelof Economy11 HH6 .Proportion HH8 .Proportion HH11 .Proportiondevelopment ofindividualswho ofindividualswho ofindividualswithandregion10 usedacomputer20 usedtheInternet20 useofamobile phone
Developed economies
Asia Japan 56% 68% 71%Europe Iceland 92% 91% 97%Europe Norway 91% 87% 97%Europe Switzerland 64%Europe EU257 68% 62% 85%N .America Bermuda 89% 80% 45%N .America Canada 72%N .America UnitedStates 72% 68%Oceania Australia 69%Oceania NewZealand 74% 69% 80%
Transition economies
Asia Azerbaijan 17% 10%Europe Bulgaria 37% 34% 70%Europe Romania 38% 28% 67%Europe Serbia 44% 33% 77%Europe TFYRMacedonia 38% 29% 63%
Developing economies
Africa Botswana 4% 25%Africa Mauritius 30% 17%Africa Morocco 64% 46% 89%Asia China 12%Asia Cyprus12 49% 41% 91%Asia HongKongSARChina 63% 61% 86%Asia Israel 52% 42% 81%Asia MacaoSARChina 54% 46%Asia Malaysia 50%Asia Occ .PalestinianTerr . 87% 36% 74%Asia Oman 11% 6% 55%
42
The Global Information Society: a Statistical View
84 . Table11belowshowswhereindividualsusetheInternet .Notsurprisingly,homeisthemajorlocationofaccessformostcountries .Indevelopedeconomies,theuseofpublicandeducationalfacilities isrelativelylowin favour of use at home and work . Inmanydevelopingeconomies,workand/orcommercialInternetaccessfacilitieswere
commonlocationsofInternetuse .Useofcommunity Internet access facilities wasrelativelylowformosteconomies .However,thisfindingmaynotbegeneralizabletothepoorerdevelopingeconomiesandtheleastdeveloped economies that do not collectthisinformation .
Levelof Economy11 HH6 .Proportion HH8 .Proportion HH11 .Proportiondevelopment ofindividualswho ofindividualswho ofindividualswithandregion10 usedacomputer23 usedtheInternet20 useofamobile phone
Asia RepublicofKorea 79% 80% 80%Asia Singapore 64% 60% 47%Asia Taiwan,China21 64%Asia Thailand 26% 14% 41%Asia Turkey22 20% 15%LAC Brazil 21% 37%LAC Chile 43% 37% 54%LAC CostaRica 22% 33%LAC Cuba 57% 24% 1%LAC DominicanRepublic 28% 16% 57%LAC Ecuador 7% 38%LAC Honduras 15% 22%LAC Mexico 31% 20% 40%LAC Panama24 22% 44%LAC Paraguay 8%LAC Peru 12%LAC TrinidadandTobago 33% 27% 60%LAC Uruguay 29%
Least developed economies
Asia Afghanistan 21%Asia Bhutan 10%
Source: ITU, UNECLAC, national statistical sources and Eurostat (30 November 2007).
43
Chapter 3. Access to, and use of, ICT by households and individuals
Table 11. Location25 of Internet use by individuals,19 proportion of Internet users, latest year available9
Levelof Economy11 Age Home Work Place Another Commu- Commer- Otherdevelopment ofedu- person’s nity cial placesandregion10 cation home Internet Internet access access facility facility
Developed economies
Asia Japan 6+ 83% 34% 12% 4% 5%
Europe Iceland 16-74 93% 63% 30% 48% 30%
Europe Norway 16-74 92% 56% 15% 18% 13%
Europe EU257 16-74 82% 43% 13% 22% 12%
N .America Canada 18+ 61% 26% 12% 10% 20%
N .America UnitedStates 3+ 80% 36% 23%
Oceania Australia 15+ 88% 45% 23% 38%
Oceania NewZealand 15+ 88% 36% 16% 24% 9% 11% 0%
Transition economies
Asia Azerbaijan 15+ 69% 38% 17% 11% 1% 44% 11%
Europe Bulgaria 16-74 71% 38% 12% 6% 16%
Europe Romania 16-74 67% 34% 21% 12% 9%
Europe Serbia 16-74 76% 32% 13% 18% 6%
Europe TFYRMacedonia 15-74 32% 17% 19% 9% 54%
Developing economies
Africa Morocco 12-65 28% 7% 3% 3% 1% 71%
Africa Mauritius 12+ 73% 28% 23% 2% 2% 9% 0%
Asia China 6+ 76% 33% 13% 32% 1%
Asia Cyprus12 16-74 70% 51% 16% 15% 9%
Asia HongKongSARChina 10+ 91% 42% 14% 2% 1% 4%
Asia MacaoSARChina 3+ 86% 26% 12% 8%
Asia RepublicofKorea 5+ 95% 32% 17% 7% 4% 21% 17%
Asia Singapore 10+ 82% 50% 25% 13% 6% 5%
Asia Taiwan,China 12+ 93% 36% 19% 8% 5% 16% 4%
Asia Thailand 6+ 33% 28% 46% 17% 2%
LAC Brazil 10+ 50% 40% 26% 31% 10% 22%
LAC Chile 5+ 40% 19% 35% 2% 28% 5%
LAC CostaRica 5+ 32% 27% 20% 5% 0% 46% 1%
LAC DominicanRepublic 12+ 20% 32% 34% 28% 8% 41% 2%
LAC Honduras 15+ 10% 11% 7% 0% 81% 1%
LAC Mexico 6+ 34% 24% 16% 2% 1% 42%
LAC Paraguay 10+ 21% 25% 15% 2% 51% 1%
LAC Uruguay 6+ 41% 26% 14% 11% 3% 52%
Source: ITU, UNECLAC, national statistical sources and Eurostat (30 November 2007).
44
The Global Information Society: a Statistical View
Table 12. Frequency of Internet use by individuals,19 proportion of Internet users, latest year available
Levelof Economy11 Age Atleast Atleast Atleast Lessthandevelopment oncea oncea oncea onceaandregion10 day weekbut monthbut month notevery notevery day week
Developed economies
Europe Iceland 16-74 82% 14% 3% 1%
Europe Norway 16-74 77% 17% 4% 1%
Europe EU257 16-74 67% 23% 8% 3%
N .America Canada 18+ 64% 26% 5% 2%
Oceania Australia26 15+ 50% 41% 8% 1%
Oceania NewZealand 15+ 58% 30% 6% 5%
Transition economies
Asia Azerbaijan 15+ 41% 51% 5% 3%
Europe Bulgaria 16-74 64% 28% 6% 2%
Europe Romania 16-74 49% 41% 9% 1%
Europe Serbia 16-74 50% 37% 8% 4%
Europe TFYRMacedonia 15-74 44% 40% 13% 3%
Developing economies
Africa Morocco 12-65 55% 34% 8% 3%
Africa Mauritius 12+ 33% 47% 15% 5%
Asia HongKongSARChina 10+ 72% 19% 5% 4%
Asia Occ .PalestinianTerr . 10+ 49% 40% 10% 0%
Asia RepublicofKorea 5+ 71% 21% 2% 5%
Asia Singapore 10+ 70% 22% 8%
Asia Thailand 6+ 23% 60% 17% 1%
LAC Brazil 10+ 36% 47% 12% 3%
LAC CostaRica 5+ 34% 38% 24% 5%
LAC Mexico 6+ 20% 68% 10% 2%
LAC Uruguay 6+ 37% 48% 12% 3%
Source: ITU, UNECLAC, national statistical sources and Eurostat (30 November 2007).
86 . Table13belowshowsthetypesofInternetactivities undertaken by individuals .Unsurprisingly, inmost countries, a largeproportion of Internet users use it forcommunicating . Use of the Internet for
getting information is also important,particularly obtaining information aboutgoods and services and information fromgovernment .Theresidual‘other’categorymay include general web browsing
85 . Table 12 shows available data on thefrequencyofInternetusebyindividuals .ItappearsthatInternetusers,whatevercountrythey are from, tend to use the Internetfrequently(atleastonceaweek) .However,
thisfindingmaynotbegeneralizabletothepoorerdevelopingeconomiesandtheleastdeveloped economies that do not collectthisinformation .
45
Chapter 3. Access to, and use of, ICT by households and individuals
Tabl
e 13
. Int
erne
t act
iviti
es27
und
erta
ken
by in
divi
dual
s,19
pro
port
ion
of In
tern
et u
sers
, lat
est y
ear a
vaila
ble9
G
etti
ngin
form
atio
n
Lev
elo
fE
cono
my11
A
ge
Abo
ut
Rel
ated
Fr
om
Oth
er
Com
mu-
P
urch
asin
gIn
tern
et
Edu
cati
on
Dea
ling
L
eisu
rede
velo
pmen
t
go
ods
toh
ealt
h/
gove
rn-
ni
cati
on
oro
rder
ing
bank
ing
orle
arni
ng
wit
hac
tivit
ies
and
regi
on10
an
d
heal
th
men
t
go
ods
or
ac
tivit
ies
gove
rnm
ent
se
rvic
es
serv
ices
serv
ices
Dev
elop
ed e
cono
mie
s
Asi
aJa
pan
6+
67%
69%
41
%
10%
2%
5%
Eur
ope
Icel
and
16-7
487
%
49%
60
%
92
%
36%
80
%
E
urop
eN
orw
ay
16-7
489
%
43%
65
%
91
%
56%
83
%
E
urop
eE
U25
7,2
8 16
-74
82%
42
%
48%
87%
41
%
45%
16
%
31%
N .A
mer
ica
Ber
mud
a16
-65
71%
56
%
13
%
92%
42%
24
%
31%
N .A
mer
ica
Can
ada
18+
35%
51%
56
%
35
%
26%
N
.Am
eric
aU
nite
dS
tate
s3+
69
%
35%
30
%
82
%
45%
23
%
25%
O
cean
ia
Aus
tral
ia
15+
61%
53%
O
cean
ia
New
Zea
land
15
+
65%
28
%
56%
84
%
91%
41
%
11%
54
%
31%
Tra
nsit
ion
econ
omie
s
Asi
aA
zerb
aija
n15
+
10%
8%
5%
78
%
38%
1%
8%
2%
E
urop
eB
ulga
ria
16-7
456
%
16%
14
%
90
%
6%
5%
E
urop
eR
oman
ia
16-7
451
%
26%
16
%
87
%
6%
7%
E
urop
eS
erbi
a16
-74
65%
16
%
12%
80%
4%
14
%
Eur
ope
TF
YR
Mac
edon
ia
15-7
443
%
12%
46
%
83
%
4%
1%
22%
19
%
Dev
elop
ing
econ
omie
s
Afr
ica
Mor
occo
12
-65
7%
1%
5%
Afr
ica
Mau
riti
us26
12
+
68%
3%
9%
27
%A
sia
Chi
na
6+
56%
24
%
Asi
aH
ong
Kon
gS
AR
Chi
na
10+
15
%
14%
42
%
84%
85
%
30%
17%
11
%
76%
Asi
aM
acao
SA
RC
hina
3+
40
%
A
sia
Occ
.Pal
esti
nian
Ter
r .10
+
1%
46%
9%
0%
1%
19
%
0%
23%
Asi
aR
epub
lic
ofK
orea
6+
85
%
50%
47%
86%
Asi
aS
inga
pore
15
+
84%
27
%
33%
30
%
36%
56
%L
AC
B
razi
l29
10+
69
%
14%
19
%
72%
27
%
L
AC
C
hile
5+
59
%
6%
6%
12%
9%
53
%L
AC
C
osta
Ric
a5+
70
%
8%
19%
59
%
45
%L
AC
C
uba
5-65
2%
16%
10
%
10%
39
%
3%
LA
C
Dom
inic
anR
epub
lic
12+
31
%
21%
58
%
8%
13%
70
%
11%
L
AC
H
ondu
ras
15+
34
%
2%
18
%L
AC
M
exic
o6+
8%
10
%
6%
42%
49
%
4%
2%
35%
5%
20
%
LA
C
Para
guay
10
+
65%
1%
22%
21%
L
AC
U
rugu
ay
6+
80%
4%
4%
12%
42
%
Sour
ce: I
TU, U
NEC
LAC
, nat
iona
l sta
tistic
al s
ourc
es a
nd E
uros
tat (
30 N
ovem
ber 2
007)
.
46
The Global Information Society: a Statistical View
70%
80%
90%
100%
110%
New Zealand 101% 103%
Australia 86% 89% 92% 95% 100% 99%
Korea 74% 77% 80% 81% 84% 85% 89% 89%
Japan 77% 82% 87% 85% 88% 89%
EU15 85% 86% 87% 87% 89%
Switzerland 75% 78% 82% 84% 84%
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
for some countries (which probablyexplainsitsrelativelyhighvalueforsomecountries) .UseoftheInternetforeducationor learning activities, Internet bankingand purchasing goods or services tendsto be higher among users in developedeconomies(withsomenotableexceptionsin developing economies such as theRepublic of Korea, Singapore and someLatin American countries) . It is possiblethat thecategorydescriptionsfor Internetactivities vary more between countriesthanforothercategoriespresentedinthischapter .Therefore,itisquitelikelythatthedataarenotparticularlycomparableacrosscountries .
87 . Most OECD countries are able todisaggregateInternetusedatabyindividualcharacteristics, including age, level ofeducationandgender .Themainfindings,which hold well over time and acrossOECDcountries,areasfollows:
• Youngerpeople aremuchmore likelyto be Internet users (the highest ratesarefor those in the16-24agegroup) .OlderpeoplearemuchlesslikelytousetheInternet,withratesofusedroppingoffsharplyfortheoldestgroup(thoseover75);
• People with tertiary qualifications aremorelikelytobeInternetusers;and
• Of particular interest to policymakersaredifferencesinInternetusebygender .As Chart 5 shows, for most OECDcountries, males are slightly morelikelytobeInternetusersthanfemales(withafemaletomaleuserratiooflessthan100percent) .Thegendergaphasclosedsignificantlysince2000formostOECDcountries,withthegeneraltrendbeing towards increasing female-to-maleratiosamongInternetusers .30
Chart 5. Gender gap: ratio of female to male Internet users, OECD countries, 2000–200731
Source: OECD, data collection for 2007 Scoreboard publication.
47
Chapter 3. Access to, and use of, ICT by households and individuals
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
Frequency of individual access to the Internet inthe last 3 months (from any location), at leastonce a day (HH13)
Internet activities undertaken by individuals inthe last 3 months, Internet banking (HH10)
Internet activities undertaken by individualsin the last 3 months, purchasing or ordering goods or services (HH10)
Proportion of individuals who used the Internet (from any location) in the last 12months (HH8)
3.3 Regional analysis
89 . Regionaldataareshowninthetablesabove .They show a clear hierarchy regardingaccess to, and use of ICT, by region . Ingeneral, Africa has the lowest level ofhouseholdaccessandindividualuseofICT,and Europe and Northern America havethe highest . Among individual countries,some developing economies have a very
high level of access to mobile phones,computersand/ortheInternet .TheyincludetheRepublicofKorea,where94percentof households have Internet access, andHong Kong (SAR China), Singapore andTaiwan(China),whereover two thirdsofhouseholdshaveInternetaccess .
90 . Box2highlightsmeasurementinitiativesintheLatinAmericaandCaribbeanregion .
Chart 6. Change in individual use of ICT for selected indicators, EU15, proportion of all individuals32
Source: Eurostat, 30 November 2007.
88 . Good time series data are available fromEurostatforanumberoftheindividualuseindicators . Chart 6 below shows selecteddata series covering the period for whichEurostathasbeencollectingICTusedata .The series show growth in Internet use,
with more frequent (daily) use growingmorequickly than totaluse .The selectedactivities,Internetbankingandpurchasingover the Internet, are also growingsteadily .
48
The Global Information Society: a Statistical View
Notes1 TheIHSNisapartnershipof internationalorganizationsandhas18members, includingITU,Paris21,UNSD,
UNICEFandtheUNDP .Formoreinformationsee:www .surveynetwork .org .
2 ElectricityisnotanICTcommodity,butisanimportantprerequisiteforusingmanyICTs .Itisthereforeincludedinthecorelistasareferenceindicator .
3 Whilstdevelopedeconomiesscorewellonmostof thehousehold indicators, that isalmostentirelydue to theEuropeancountries,whichcollectthedataaspartofEurostat’scoordinateddatacollectionofICTaccessandusestatistics .
4 Eurostat,thestatisticalofficeoftheEuropeanCommunities,alsocollectsdatafromasmallnumberofnonEUcountries, includingNorway, Icelandandcandidatecountries .Data for thosecountriesarenot included inEUaggregates .
5 Annex 1 shows the economies which are included in each ‘level of development’ and ‘region’ category .TheclassificationisbasedontheUNStatisticalDivision’sStandard country or area codes for statistical use,seehttp://unstats .un .org/unsd/methods/m49/m49 .htm .Theclassificationwas revised inJanuary2008and isnowslightlydifferentfromtheversionusedtopresentdataforthispublication .ThedifferencesaredetailedinAnnex1 .
6 AnindicatorwasconsideredtobeavailableifITUorEurostatreceivedcompleteorpartialdataforit(includingzerovalues)fortheyear2002orlater .ThetotaleconomycountincludescountriesfromwhichITUdoesnotcollectdata .SeeAnnex1fordetails .
7 Thereare27countriesintheEuropeanUnionbuttwo(RomaniaandBulgaria)areclassifiedastransitioneconomiesforthepurposesofthispublication .TheaggregatechosenfordisplayisthereforeEU25,representingtheremaining25EUcountries .NotethatCyprusisincludedintheEU25aggregationbutisclassifiedinthispublicationasadevelopingeconomy .Itsdataarethereforealsoshownwiththoseofotherdevelopingeconomies .EU25dataarethelatestavailable(2006or2007,butmainlythelatter)andwereextractedfromEurostat’sdatabase,version30November2007 .ThescopeofEurostatdatapresentedinthispublicationisallhouseholdsandallindividualsaged16-74 .
8 DataforHH1(accesstoradio)arenotwidelyavailablefordevelopedeconomies .
9 Latest year available is generally2005or2006 (except forEuropeanUnion countries,where2007datahavebeenusedformostindicators) .SeeAnnex1fordetailsofdataavailability .Datafrom2002orearlierhavebeenexcluded,exceptforasmallnumberofcaseswhereolderdataindicateasaturationlevel(97%orhigherlevelofaccess) .Inthiscase,thefigurehasbeenincludedinthetableeventhoughitdatesfrom2002orearlier .IndicatorsaffectedareHH1,HH2,HH3andHR1 .
10 Someregionnameshavebeenabbreviatedtosavespace .FullnamescanbefoundinAnnex1 .
11 Someeconomynameshavebeenabbreviatedtosavespace .FullnamescanbefoundinAnnex1 .
12 CyprusisalsoincludedintheEU25aggregate .
13 RepublicofKorea .HomeInternetaccessincludesmobiletelephoneaccess .
14 Brazil .HouseholdswithInternetaccessathomebycomputer .
15 Multipleaccessservicesarepossible(forinstance,ifahouseholdhasbothdial-upandcablemodemaccess,theywouldreportboth) .
16 ‘Othermodesofaccess’includesbroadbandhouseholdswhodonotknowwhatkindofconnectiontheyhave .
17 ‘Othermodesofaccess’areinrespectofthosehouseholdswhoarenotsurewhatkindofconnectiontheyhave .The‘DSLandCablemodem’figureof53%referstobroadbandaccess .
18 ThenumberofcountriesincludedinEU15is14or15,exceptforInternetaccessintheyears2002to2004,where11-13countrieswereincludedintheaggregate .
19 Referenceperiodsforindividualuseindicatorsarethelast12months .However,somecountriesuseadifferentreferenceperiod,commonlythreemonths .EurostatdataoncomputerandInternetuse(HH6andHH8)referto12months,whiletheirdataonlocationofuse,activitiesandfrequencyrefertothelastthreemonths .
49
Chapter 3. Access to, and use of, ICT by households and individuals
20 Theindicatorreferstousefromanylocationinthelast12months .Theagescopeofsurveysisvariable .Informationontheagerangeformostcountriescanbefoundinthefollowingtablesorasafootnotetothistable .
21 Taiwan,China .Individualsaged12+ .
22 Turkey .Individualsaged16+ .
23 Theindicatorreferstousefromanylocationinthelast12months .Theagescopeofsurveysisvariable .Informationontheagerangeformostcountriescanbefoundinthefollowingtablesorasafootnotetothistable .
24 Panama .Individualsaged15+ .
25 Notethatrespondentscouldreportuseatmultiplelocations .
26 Referstouseathome .
27 Notethatrespondentscouldreportmultipleactivities .
28 Fordealingwithgovernmentorganizations/publicauthorities–theEurostatvariablereferstodownloadingofficialforms .
29 Communicationreferstosendingandreceivingemail .
30 Itispossiblethatdemographicdifferencesbetweenthegendersaccountforasmallpartofthe‘gendergap’ .Inparticular,inOECDcountries,therearemorewomenthanmeninolderagegroups,andolderpeoplearelesslikelytousetheInternet .
31 Thereareagescopedifferencesbetweencountries .However,thescopeisusuallythesameforagivencountryfordifferentyears .TheexceptionisAustraliawheretheagescopehaschangedslightlybetweenyears .
32 ThenumberofcountriesincludedinEU15rangesfrom11to15,withgenerallylowernumbersofcountriesintheearlieryears .
51
Chapter 4. Use of ICT by businesses
91 . Thedatapresentedinthischapterarebasedon the core indicatorsonbusinessuseofICT .These are shown inTable 14 belowand are defined inAnnex 4 . Statistics onbusinessuseof ICTareusuallycollectedvia a dedicated (stand-alone) businessICT survey or through a module of ICTquestions in another business survey .Most OECD and European Unioncountries have been collecting businessICT use statistics for a number of yearsand most have dedicated surveys thatare conducted annually . They adapt themodelquestionnairesrecommendedbytheOECD and Eurostat, though it should benoted that these do not include questionscoveringallthecoreindicatorsonbusinessuse of ICT . Other economies are startingto collect business ICT use indicators,using the core indicators methodological
recommendations (Partnership, 2005c)and/or those of the OECD (2007a) andEurostat(2006and2007a) .
92 . This chapter includes data from thecollections of Eurostat and UNCTAD .Eurostat collects ICT use data fromits member states annually . It providesguidanceintheformofamodelsurveyandproduces data that are very comparable .UNCTAD collects business use of ICTstatistics from its member countries onan annual basis . It sends a questionnairebasedonthecoreICTbusinessindicators(covering the use of ICT by businessesand the ICT sector) to NSOs worldwide(except those inEurostatmember states) .For developing economies, in particular,UNCTAD provides a framework for datacollection .1
Chapter 4. Use of ICT by businesses
1. Introduction
52
The Global Information Society: a Statistical View
Table 14. Core indicators on business use of ICT
Basic core indicators
B1 Proportionofbusinessesusingcomputers
B2 Proportionofemployeesusingcomputers
B3 ProportionofbusinessesusingtheInternet
B4 ProportionofemployeesusingtheInternet
B5 Proportionofbusinesseswithawebpresence
B6 Proportionofbusinesseswithanintranet
B7 ProportionofbusinessesreceivingordersovertheInternet
B8 ProportionofbusinessesplacingordersovertheInternet
Extended core indicators
B9 ProportionofbusinessesusingtheInternetbytypeofaccess Narrowbandaccess Broadbandaccess SeeAnnex4fordetailedcategories .
B10 Proportionofbusinesseswithalocalareanetwork(LAN)
B11 Proportionofbusinesseswithanextranet
B12 ProportionofbusinessesusingtheInternetbytypeofactivity2
Sendingorreceivingemail Gettinginformationaboutgoodsorservices Gettinginformationfromgovernmentorganizations/publicauthoritiesviawebsitesoremail PerformingInternetbankingoraccessingotherfinancialservices Interactingwithgovernmentorganizations/publicauthorities Providingcustomerservices Deliveringproductsonline Otherinformationsearchesorresearchactivities
Source: Core ICT Indicators (Partnership, 2005c).
53
Chapter 4. Use of ICT by businesses
93 . Table15showstheavailabilityofthecorebusinessuseindicators .ApartfromOECDand European Union countries, data onuse of ICT by businesses are not widelyavailable .Nodataareavailablefortheleastdevelopedeconomies .
94 . The European Union provides the mostcomparableregionaldatasetonthistopic,with a standardized survey across EUcountries .3 The wider membership of
the OECD has a reasonably comparableset of statistics, though there are somedifferencesinscope(industryandbusinesssize) and data collected . So far, fewdeveloping economies collect businessICTusestatistics,buttheyareincreasinglyusing the core list of indicators and thestandards set by the Partnership . Recentmeasurement initiatives by economies ofthe Latin America and Caribbean regionaredescribedinBox3below .
2. Measurement status
Table 15. Summary of global measurement status by level of development:4
use of ICT by businesses5
Indicator Developed Transition Developing Least Totalnumber economies economies economies developed ofeconomies economies witheach Proportionofeconomieswitheachindicator indicator
B1 61% 37% 17% 0% 56B2 57% 26% 8% 0% 42B3 65% 42% 18% 0% 61B4 57% 26% 9% 0% 43B5 65% 47% 16% 0% 60B6 59% 21% 12% 0% 47B7 65% 26% 13% 0% 53B8 65% 26% 13% 0% 53B9 63% 21% 14% 0% 52B10 55% 42% 10% 0% 47B11 61% 21% 8% 0% 43B12 61% 32% 14% 0% 53
Totaleconomies 49 19 120 50 238
Source: UNCTAD and Eurostat (see Annex 1 for more detail).
54
The Global Information Society: a Statistical View
Box 3. Measurement initiatives in the Latin America and the Caribbean region
Inthelastthreeyears,nineoftheregion’scountrieshaveincorporated at least one core ICT indicator in theirbusinesssurveys .MorethanhalfoftheninecountriescollectallthecoreindicatordataforbusinessICTuseand the questions asked are reasonably comparable .However, differences in survey vehicles and scopebetween countries mean that there are comparability
issuesinrespectofsurveyoutput .ThetypesofsurveysgenerallyusedasvehiclesforICTusedataareregularsurveysofmanufacturing,commercialorservicefirms;innovation and R&D surveys; or stand-alone ICTsurveys . Many of the countries collect ICT use dataannually,thoughotherscollectthemlessfrequentlyorhaveonlycollectedthemasaone-offexercise .
Source: Olaya (2007).
55
Chapter 4. Use of ICT by businesses
3.1 Business ICT use statistics
95 . Table16showsavailabledataforthecoreindicators without sub-categories . TheotherindicatorsareshowninTable17andChart8belowandrefertoInternetactivitiesundertakenandthemeansofaccessingtheInternet,respectively .6
96 . For the European Union countriescomprising ‘EU25’,7 data are shown asa single aggregate . Other countries areshownindividually .
97 . The data show a similar pattern as forhouseholds, that is, that businesses indeveloped economies are more likely tohave a high level of ICT use . For mosteconomies, the proportion of employeesusing a computer or the Internet isconsiderably smaller than the proportionof businesses that use a computer orthe Internet . This indicates that withinbusinesseswithICT,widespreaduseofICTbyemployeeshasnotbeenachievedbyanyeconomies .The situation ismoremarkedfortransitionanddevelopingeconomies .8
3. Statistical summary
56
The Global Information Society: a Statistical View
Tabl
e 16
. Sel
ecte
d co
re in
dica
tors
on
use
of IC
T by
bus
ines
ses,
9 late
st y
ear a
vaila
ble10
Lev
elo
f
Eco
nom
y12
Pro
port
ion
ofb
usin
eses
P
ropo
rtio
nof
P
ropo
rtio
nof
bus
ines
ses
deve
lopm
ent
empl
oyee
sus
ing
the
Inte
rnet
and
regi
on11
U
sing
U
sing
the
Wit
han
W
ith
aW
ith
an
Usi
ng
Usi
ngth
eW
ith
aw
eb
Rec
eivi
ng
Pla
cing
co
mpu
ters
In
tern
et
intr
anet
L
AN
ex
tran
et
com
pute
rs
Inte
rnet
pr
esen
ce
orde
rsv
ia
orde
rsv
ia
(B1)
(B
3)
(B6)
(B
10)
(B11
)(B
2)
(B4)
(B
5)
Inte
rnet
In
tern
et
(B7)
(B
8)D
evel
oped
eco
nom
ies
Asi
aJa
pan13
98%
90
%
40%
60
%
86%
16
%
21%
Eur
ope
Fr
ance
7 99
%
94%
40
%
22
%
63%
34
%
65%
16
%
26%
Eur
ope
Ic
elan
d99
%
97%
36
%
50%
30
%
58%
46
%
72%
7%
13
%E
urop
e
Nor
way
97
%
94%
34
%
16
%
59%
50
%
76%
25
%
66%
Eur
ope
S
wit
zerl
and
99%
98
%
61%
80
%
33%
57
%
48%
92
%
23%
58
%E
urop
e
EU
257
96%
93
%
35%
70
%
15%
49
%
37%
69
%
15%
42
%N
.Am
eric
a
Ber
mud
a80
%
71%
34
%
62%
37
%
56%
14
%
41%
N .A
mer
ica
C
anad
a
95%
17
%
71%
13
%
65%
Oce
ania
A
ustr
alia
96
%
87%
52%
21
%
55%
Oce
ania
N
ewZ
eala
nd
96%
95
%
22%
62
%
8%
63%
37
%
60%
Tra
nsit
ion
econ
omie
s
Asi
a
Aze
rbai
jan
38%
9%
11%
9%
2%
33%
Eur
ope
B
elar
us
84%
38
%
41
%
27
%
E
urop
e
Bul
gari
a90
%
75%
35
%
53%
4%
21
%
15%
44
%
5%
8%E
urop
e
Rom
ania
77
%
58%
23
%
45%
19
%
22%
16
%
41%
4%
11
%E
urop
e
Rus
sian
Fed
erat
ion
91%
53
%
52
%
30
%
12%
28
%
24%
31
%
Dev
elop
ing
econ
omie
s
Afr
ica
E
gypt
10
0%
53%
34
%
79%
2%
18
%
10%
71
%
35%
21
%A
fric
a
Mau
riti
us
94%
87
%
37%
46
%
33%
35
%A
sia
C
hina
47%
16%
24%
12
%
10%
Asi
a
Cyp
rus14
95
%
86%
21
%
7%
43
%
31%
50
%
6%
21%
Asi
a
Hon
gK
ong
SA
RC
hina
88
%
83%
29
%
61%
10
%
58%
46
%
52%
3%
22
%A
sia
M
acao
SA
RC
hina
76
%
53%
26%
16
%
21%
Asi
a
Qat
ar
84%
68
%
38%
99
%
51%
41
%A
sia
R
epub
lic
ofK
orea
97
%
96%
37
%
67%
59%
8%
34
%A
sia
S
inga
pore
93
%
91%
74
%
74%
36
%
75%
15
%
34%
Asi
a
Tha
ilan
d15
88%
70
%
51
%
11%
14
%A
sia
Tu
rkey
88
%
80%
39
%
65%
8%
41
%
34%
60
%
L
AC
A
rgen
tina
16
100%
96
%
47%
82
%
21%
40
%
25%
74
%
46%
45
%L
AC
B
razi
l99
%
94%
39
%
95%
22
%
48%
37
%
50%
50
%
52%
LA
C
Chi
le
60%
49
%
13
%
3%
39%
4%
7%
LA
C
Cub
a95
%
71%
34
%
59%
30
%
24%
1%
4%
LA
C
Pana
ma
90%
80
%
28%
53
%
14%
32
%
20%
39%
44
%
Sour
ce: U
NC
TAD
and
Eur
osta
t (7
Dec
embe
r 200
7).
57
Chapter 4. Use of ICT by businesses
98 . Table 17 below provides information onthefunctionsforwhichbusinessesusetheInternet . Unfortunately, the activities arenot very comparable between countries .17However, somebroadconclusions canbedrawn .
99 . Not surprisingly, use of the Internet foremail and for finding information isgenerally high among Internet business
users,irrespectiveoftheircountry .UseoftheInternetforprovidingcustomerservicesanddeliveringproductsonlineisgenerallyless common . The transaction-basedactivitiesofbankingand transactingwithgovernment are generally higher amongInternet users in developed economies,although there are some developingeconomies that also have a high level oftheseactivities .
58
The Global Information Society: a Statistical View
Tabl
e 17
. Bus
ines
ses9 u
sing
the
Inte
rnet
by
type
of a
ctiv
ity, p
ropo
rtio
n of
Inte
rnet
use
rs, l
ates
t yea
r ava
ilabl
e10
Lev
elo
f
Eco
nom
y12
Sen
ding
or
G
etti
ng
Get
ting
O
ther
In
tern
et
Tra
nsac
ting
P
rovi
ding
D
eliv
erin
gO
ther
deve
lopm
ent
re
ceiv
ing
in
form
atio
nin
form
atio
nin
form
atio
nba
nkin
gw
ith
cust
omer
pr
oduc
ts
type
sof
and
regi
on11
e-m
ail
abou
tgoo
ds
from
se
arch
es
orfi
nanc
ial
publ
ic
serv
ices
on
line
ac
tivit
y
ors
ervi
ces
gove
rnm
ent
orr
esea
rch
serv
ices
au
thor
itie
s
Dev
elop
ed e
cono
mie
s
Eur
ope
Fran
ce7
77%
66
%
Eur
ope
Icel
and
90
%
87%
94%
65
%
E
urop
eN
orw
ay
55
%
92%
74
%
E
urop
eS
wit
zerl
and
98
%
60
%
85%
57
%
21%
22
%
E
urop
eE
U25
7,1
8
59
%
84
%
60%
65
%
8%
N .A
mer
ica
Can
ada19
98
%
Oce
ania
A
ustr
alia
50%
Oce
ania
N
ewZ
eala
nd20
68
%
87
%
77%
30
%
Tra
nsit
ion
econ
omie
s
Asi
aA
zerb
aija
n
26
%
26
%
26%
Eur
ope
Bul
gari
a
57
%
47%
53
%
61%
Eur
ope
Rom
ania
94
%
65
%
65%
52
%
10%
9%
4%
Eur
ope
Rus
sian
Fed
erat
ion21
92
%
55%
43
%
15
%
5%
5%
Dev
elop
ing
econ
omie
s
Afr
ica
Egy
pt
93%
59
%
59
%
27%
6%
36
%
0%
Asi
aC
hina
80
%
65%
46
%
39%
37%
35
%
11%
Asi
aC
ypru
s14
67
%
57%
44
%
A
sia
Hon
gK
ong
SA
RC
hina
22
97%
96
%
73%
42%
23%
43
%
53%
Asi
aM
acao
SA
RC
hina
89
%
20
%
69%
15
%
4%
Asi
aR
ep .o
fK
orea
89
%
61%
54
%
78%
67
%
43%
35
%
13%
2%
Asi
aS
inga
pore
93
%
93%
64
%
42%
Asi
aT
hail
and15
81
%
65%
10
%
24
%
21%
14
%A
sia
Turk
ey
56%
75%
63
%
16%
38
%
L
AC
A
rgen
tina
16
97%
88
%
75%
40
%
84%
57
%
43%
6%
55
%L
AC
B
razi
l98
%
78%
59
%
82%
80
%
84%
31
%
14%
LA
C
Chi
le
99%
L
AC
Pa
nam
a97
%
81%
68
%
61%
70
%
36%
39
%
70
%
Sour
ce: U
NC
TAD
and
Eur
osta
t (7
Dec
embe
r 200
7).
59
Chapter 4. Use of ICT by businesses
100 . As is the case for household indicators,few time series of business ICT use dataexist .ThebestexamplesarefortheEU15countries and selected series are shown
in Chart 7 below . It shows that use ofcomputers, the Internet, LANs, extranetsand intranets, and a web presence arelevelingoff .
Chart 7. Change in business use of the Internet for selected indicators, EU15, proportion of all businesses with 10 or more employees23
Source: Eurostat, 7 December 2007.
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
0%
Proportion of businesses using computers (B1)
Proportion of businesses using the Internet (B3)
Proportion of businesses with a local area network(LAN) (B10)
Proportion of businesses with an extranet (B11)
Proportion of businesses with an intranet (B6)
Proportion of businesses with a web presence (B5)
101 . Chart 8 shows that EU15 businesses,like households, are increasingly usingbroadband to access the Internet, with a
big drop in access by dial-up (analoguemodem)andISDNovertheperiod2003to2007 .
60
The Global Information Society: a Statistical View
102 . Some good time series data are availablefor other countries, especially those thatare members of the OECD (for instance,Australia(ABS,2007);Canada(Statistics
Chart 8. Change in how businesses access the Internet, EU15, proportion of Internet users24
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
0%
Proportion of businesses using the Internet by type of access, analogue modem (B9)
Proportion of businesses using the Internet by type of access, broadband (B9)
Proportion of businesses using the Internet bytype of access, ISDN (B9)
Source: Eurostat, 7 December 2007.
Canada, 2007) and Japan (MIC, 2006)) .Asmallnumberofdevelopingeconomiesalso have several years’ worth of data,includingThailand(seeChart9below) .
61
Chapter 4. Use of ICT by businesses
3.2 Regional analysis
103 . The only region that is well representedin business ICT use statistics is Europe .Historically, this is because EuropeancountrieswerequicktoinfluenceandadoptOECD recommendations on measuringuse of ICT by businesses . In addition,Eurostat member states are obliged toproduce ICT use statistics annually perframework regulation 808/2004 .25 Thisensures harmonised data for EU memberstates and will accelerate the productionofICTusestatisticsbyotherparticipatingcountries .
104 . OtherregionsoutsideEurope,andexcludingOECD member countries, have started toproducebusinessICTusestatisticsonlyfairlyrecently .AtanUNCTADexpertmeetingonmeasuringe-commerceinSeptember2003,themethodologiesdevelopedbyWPIISwerefirst presented to a number of developingeconomyparticipants .At that time,hardlyany developing economy was collectingbusinessICTusestatistics .Duringthepastfiveyears,thisnumberhasincreasedtoover20 developing and transition economies .Giventheslowpaceimplicit inthedesignandproductionofstatisticsgenerally,thisisanimpressivedevelopmentandisexpectedto continue during the next few years .Most progress is being made in the LatinAmerican and Caribbean region, stronglysupportedbyUNECLAC(seeBox3) .
Chart 9. Internet use and web presence of Thai businesses, with 10 or more employees
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
2004 2005 2006
Proportion of businesses with access to Internet Proportion of businesses with web presence
Source: UNCTAD.
Notes1 TheframeworkincludesthepublicationManual for the Production of Statistics on the Information Economy .The
ManualincludesamodelquestionnaireonbusinessuseofICTplusotherreferencematerial .
62
The Global Information Society: a Statistical View
2 Some categories have been slightly reworded, consistent with the UNCTAD Manual (UNCTAD, 2007a) .Thechangesareminorandnochangestotimeseriesdataareexpected .
3 Eurostat,thestatisticalofficeoftheEuropeanCommunitiesalsocollectsdatafromasmallnumberofnonEUcountries, includingNorway, Icelandandcandidatecountries .Data for thosecountriesarenot included inEUaggregates .
4 Annex 1 shows the economies which are included in each ‘level of development’ and ‘region’ category .TheclassificationisbasedontheUNStatisticalDivision’sStandard country or area codes for statistical use,seehttp://unstats .un .org/unsd/methods/m49/m49 .htm .Theclassificationwas revised inJanuary2008and isnowslightlydifferentfromtheversionusedtoaggregatedataforthispublication .ThedifferencesaredetailedinAnnex1 .
5 An indicator was considered to be available if UNCTAD or Eurostat received complete or partial data for it(includingzerovalues)fortheyear2002orlater .ThetotaleconomycountincludescountriesfromwhichUNCTADdoesnotcollectdata .SeeAnnex1fordetails .
6 ThemeansofaccessingtheInternetreferstothetypeofInternetaccessserviceused(ISDN,DSLetc) .Whilequitealargenumberofcountriescollectthisinformation,thedefinitionsofresponsecategoriesarevariable(possiblyreflectingthetechnicalcomplexityoftheresponseitems) .Thereforeatableofdatahasnotbeenincludedinthispublication .However,Eurostat timeseriesdatashowingthechangeinanaloguemodem,ISDNandbroadbandservicesovertimehavebeenincluded(Chart8) .
7 Thereare27countriesintheEuropeanUnionbuttwo(RomaniaandBulgaria)areclassifiedastransitioneconomies(for the purposes of this publication) .The aggregate chosen for display here is therefore EU25, representingthe remaining25EUcountries .Note thatCyprus is included in theEU25aggregationbut isclassified in thispublicationasadevelopingeconomy .DataforCyprusarethereforealsoshownwiththoseofotherdevelopingeconomies .France isnot included in theEU25aggregate so itsdataare shownseparately .EU25dataare theaggregatesfor2006andwereextractedfromEurostat’sdatabase,version7December2007 .ThescopeofEurostatEU25datapresentedhereisall(inscope)industriesexcludingthefinancialsector(NACED,F,G,H,I,K,O)andbusinesseswith10ormoreemployees .
8 IndicatorsB2andB4areaffectedbyindustrialcomposition .Forinstance,aneconomywithahighproportionofmanufacturingbusinessesislikelytohavealowerlevelofemployeeICTuse .
9 Generallybusinesseswith10ormoreemployees .Exceptions,whereknown,areshowninendnotes .
10 Latest year availableisgenerally2005or2006 .Whiledatafor2007areavailableformanyEUcountries,2006datahavebeenusedforEU25becausethe2006aggregatesincludemoreEUcountriesthanthe2007aggregates .Datafrom2002orearlierhavebeenexcluded .SeeAnnex1fordetailsofdataavailability .
11 Someregionnameshavebeenabbreviatedtosavespace .FullnamescanbefoundinAnnex1 .
12 Someeconomynameshavebeenabbreviatedtosavespace .FullnamescanbefoundinAnnex1 .
13 Datarefertoenterpriseswith100ormoreemployees .
14 CyprusisalsoincludedintheEU25aggregate .
15 Datarefertoenterpriseswith16ormoreemployees .
16 Datareferonlytothemanufacturingsector .
17 Informationonthecategoriesforwhichcountriescollectdataisnotwidelyavailable,thereforeitispossiblethatcomparabilityisworsethanindicatedbythenotes .
18 Providing customer services refers to the proportion of Internet users which use a website to do at least oneof:marketing,facilitatingaccesstocataloguesandpricelists,orprovidingaftersalessupport .TransactingwithpublicauthoritiesreferstobusinessesusingtheInternettoobtainformsfromgovernmentorganizations/publicauthorities .Deliveringproductson line refers to Internetuserswhichhaveawebsite facility todeliverdigitalproducts(2005data) .
19 EnterprisesusingtheInternetfordeliveringproductsonlinerefertoenterprisesdeliveringdigitisedproducts(viawebsiteorotherInternet) .
20 EnterprisesusingtheInternetforprovidingcustomerservicesincludesdeliveryofproductsonlineandothertypesofactivity .
63
Chapter 4. Use of ICT by businesses
21 Enterprises using the Internet for banking or accessing other financial services includes enterprises using theInternettopayforsupplyproducts(procurement) .
22 EnterprisesusingtheInternetforgettinginformationfromGovernmentorganizations/publicauthoritiesincludetransactionswithgovernmentauthorities .EnterprisesusingtheInternetforothertypesofactivityincludeon-linepurchase/orderingandsalesofgoods,servicesorinformation,softwaredownloadandmiscelaneousactivities .
23 ThenumberofcountriesincludedinEU15isfewerfor2007(between10and12countries);somecomponentcountrieshaveanarrowerindustryscopefor2003and/or2004 .
24 ThenumberofcountriesincludedinEU15isfewerfor2007(12countries);somecomponentcountrieshaveanarrowerindustryscopefor2003and/or2004 .
25 TheregulationensuresharmoniseddataforEUmemberstatesandotherparticipatingEEAcountriesuntil2010 .
65
Chapter 5. The ICT-producing sector and international trade in ICT goods
105 . The data presented in this chapter arebased on the core ICT indicators for theICT-producingsector(hereafterreferredtoas the ICTsector)and international tradeinICTgoods .TheindicatorsareshowninTable18belowandaredefined inAnnex5 .
106 . Statistics on the ICT sector are usuallycompiled from the output of sectoralsurveys that collect employment,income and expense data for nationalaccounts purposes .While some countriesspecificallysurveytheICTsector,mostuseavailableindustrystatistics .ParticularICTcharacteristics of these statistics includethe definition of the ICT sector (see Box4 below) and definitions of the variablesusedinthecoreindicators .
107 . The ICT sector definition used in thispublicationdates from2002and isbasedon ISIC Revision 3 .1 . A more recentversion,basedonISICRev .4wasreleasedby the OECD in 2007 but given that itwill be some time before most countriesadopt ISIC Rev . 4, the 2002 version islikely to be in use for some years . Moreinformation on the 2007 version may be
found inAnnex 1b of OECD’s Guide to Measuring the Information Society(2007a)andUNCTAD’sManual for the Production of Statistics on the Information Economy(2007a) .
108 . OECD and Eurostat compile ICT sectordata based on the collections of theirmember countries . UNCTAD collectsICT sector core indicator data from itsmember countries . It sends an annualquestionnaire, based on the core ICTbusinessindicators(coveringtheuseofICTbybusinessesandtheICTsector),toNSOsworldwide, except those countries whoare members of the European StatisticalSystem . The United Nations IndustrialDevelopment Organization (UNIDO)compilesmanufacturingindustrystatistics(including those relevant to the ICTmanufacturingindustries)foranumberofcountries .1
109 . ThecoreindicatorsontradeinICTgoodsuse administrative trade data collectedby individual countries for customspurposes .Thedataareultimatelybroughttogether by the United Nations StatisticsDivision (UNSD) in the United Nations
Chapter 5. The ICT-producing sector and international trade in ICT goods
1. Introduction
66
The Global Information Society: a Statistical View
Commodity Trade Statistics Database(UN COMTRADE) (UNSD, 2007a) .Particular ICT characteristics of theseindicators include the definition of ICTgoods, and sources and concepts relatingtointernationaltradestatistics .
110 . The definition of ICT goods associatedwiththecoreindicatorsontrade(ICT3and
ICT4) is that agreed by OECD membercountries in 2003 . It is based on theHarmonizedSystemclassificationsof2002and1996,andcanbefoundatAnnex6 .ItshouldbenotedthattheOECDiscurrentlydeveloping an ICT goods classificationbasedontheCentralProductClassificationVersion2 .
Table 18. Core indicators for the ICT sector and trade in ICT goods
ICT1 ProportionoftotalbusinesssectorworkforceinvolvedintheICTsector(usuallyexpressedasapercentage)
ICT2 ValueaddedintheICTsector(asapercentageoftotalbusinesssectorvalueadded) .(SeeTable19belowforthevaluationofvalueadded .)
ICT3 ICTgoodsimportsasapercentageoftotalimports
ICT4 ICTgoodsexportsasapercentageoftotalexports
Source: Core ICT Indicators (Partnership, 2005c).
Box 4. The 2002 OECD ICT sector definition (based on ISIC Rev. 3.1)
ICT Manufacturing
-3000 Manufactureofoffice,accountingandcomputingmachinery
-3130 Manufactureofinsulatedwireandcable*
-3210 Manufactureofelectronicvalvesandtubesandotherelectroniccomponents
-3220 Manufactureoftelevisionandradiotransmittersandapparatusforlinetelephonyandlinetelegraphy
-3230 Manufacture of television and radio receivers, sound or video recording or reproducingapparatus,andassociatedgoods
-3312 Manufactureofinstrumentsandappliancesformeasuring,checking,testing,navigatingandotherpurposes,exceptindustrialprocesscontrolequipment*
-3313 Manufactureofindustrialprocesscontrolequipment*
ICT Services
-5151 Wholesaleofcomputers,computerperipheralequipmentandsoftware
-5152 Wholesaleofelectronicandtelecommunicationspartsandequipment
-6420 Telecommunications
-7123 Rentingofofficemachineryandequipment(includingcomputers)
-72 Computerandrelatedactivities
* Note that the activity of these classes is excluded from the OECD’s 2007 definition of the ICT sector.Source: Guide to Measuring the Information Society 2007 (OECD, 2007a).
67
Chapter 5. The ICT-producing sector and international trade in ICT goods
111 . The concept, ‘value added’, is used inthe indicator, ICT2,and isdefinedby theSNA1993as“thevalueofoutputlessthevalueofintermediateconsumption;itisameasureofthecontributiontoGDPmadeby an individual producer, industry orsector;grossvalueaddedisthesourcefromwhichtheprimaryincomesoftheSNAaregeneratedandisthereforecarriedforward
into the primary distribution of incomeaccount .” (UNSD website) . Note that theconceptdefinedhereandused inICT2is‘gross value added’; ‘net value added’ isgrossvalueaddedlesstheconsumptionoffixedcapital .ValueaddedcanbecalculatedinvariouswaysasshowninTable19below .Mostcountriesappeartousevalueaddedatfactorcosts .
Table 19. Valuation of value added
Valueaddedatfactorcosts
+othertaxes,lesssubsidies,onproduction(1)
=Valueaddedatbasicprices
+taxeslesssubsidies,onproducts(2)(notincludingimportsandVAT)
=Valueaddedatproducers’prices
+taxes,lesssubsidies,onimports
+Tradeandtransportcosts
+Non-deductibleVAT(valueaddedtax)
=Valueaddedatmarketprices(3)
(1) . These consist mostly of current taxes (andsubsidies)onthelabourorcapitalemployed,suchas payroll taxes or current taxes on vehicles andbuildings .
(2) .Theseconsistoftaxes(andsubsidies)payableperunitofsomegoodorserviceproduced,suchasturnovertaxesandexciseduties .
(3) . Market prices are those that purchasers payfor the goods and services they acquire or use,excluding deductible VAT . The term is usuallyused in the context of aggregates such as GDP,whereas purchaser prices refer to the individualtransactions .
Source: Core ICT Indicators (Partnership, 2005c), based on concepts outlined in both the 1968 and 1993 versions of the System of National Accounts (SNA68 and SNA93).
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The Global Information Society: a Statistical View
2.1 The ICT sector
112 . Table 20 below summarizes the globalmeasurement status for ICT sectorindicators by level of development .The table shows that the availability ofindicators, ICT1 and ICT2, ranges fromreasonablefordevelopedeconomies(abouttwothirdsproduceICTsectordata)toverypoor for the least developed economies(withnoeconomiesknowntoproduceICTsectordata) .
113 . Compounding lack of data in this area,there are several issues concerning datacomparability between countries . This ismostmarkedforthedefinitionoftheICTsectorusedbydifferenteconomiesbutalsoaffectsthedefinitionofthebusinesssector,andthecurrencyofavailabledata .
114 . ThemostlikelyexplanationforboththelackofICTsectordataandpoorcomparabilitybetween countries is that the ICT sectorincludesseveral4digit levelISICclassesand many countries only collect industrydataatthetwodigitlevelofdetail .
115 . Regarding the ICT sector definition, themajor scopedifferencebetweencountriesisthatUNIDOdatareferonlytoICTandtotal manufacturing, whereas data fromUNCTAD refer to the whole ICT sector .Apartfromthat,theICTsectorisdefinedindifferentwaysby countries,withmostbeingbroaderthanthedefinitionspecifiedforthecoreindicators(manycountriescanonlyprovideapproximatedatafortheICT
sector, often using broader level industrydata instead of the narrower detail of theICT sector definition) . Even amongstEuropean countries, there are significantdifferences in industry data available tocompile statistics for the ICT sector .Theendnotes toTable 22 below use availablemetadata to describe these limitations .However,forsomecountries,themetadataarelimited,sodonotsufficientlydescribethestatisticsusedforthecoreindicators .
116 . Differences in the scope of the businesssectorincludewhetherthefinancialsectoris included or excluded (it is includedby most but not all European countries) .Otherdifferencesnodoubtexistbutarenotgenerallywelldescribedbycountries .
117 . Inaddition,muchofthedataarerelativelydated, with quite a large number ofeconomies only having data available for2003 or earlier and only a small numberhaving data for 2006 . Data from 2002or earlier have not been included in thispublication .
118 . It is not known to what extent thesedifferences affect data comparisons,although some conclusions are obvious,forinstance:
• Thatcountrieswillhavehighervaluesof the indicators if the scope of theirICT sector is broader than the OECDstandard (for instance, it includesbroader manufacturing or wholesalingindustriescategories);
2. Measurement status
69
Chapter 5. The ICT-producing sector and international trade in ICT goods
• ThatcountrieswillhavehighervaluesoftheindicatorsiftheirICTandbusinesssector scope is restricted to morestrongly performing industries (forinstance,arestrictiontomanufacturingfor economies that have strongmanufacturingindustries);and
• Thatanarrower scopeof thebusinesssector(e .g .theexclusionofthefinancialsector by some European countries)will increase the value of ICT sectorindicators(andviceversa) .
119 . ItishopedthatthesituationwithregardtoICT sector measurement will improve inthe future . In particular, the introductionof the 2007 definition of the ICT sector
(basedonISICRev .4)wouldsimplifytheICTdefinitionbynarrowingit(seethenoteinBox4) .Itmayalsoprovideanimpetusfor countries to re-develop their industrysurveys and to introduce more detail inrespectoftheICTsector .
120 . It would be useful to review the ICTsectorcoreindicatorsand,inparticular,toconsiderwhetherthetotalbusinesssectorshouldbere-specifiedtobetterreflectdataavailability .
121 . Initiatives by UNESCWA to enhancethe availability of ICT sector data in theWestern Asia and the Arab region aredescribedinBox5 .
Box 5. Measurement initiatives in the Western Asia and the Arab region
Whileeconomiesoftheregionareactiveinsomeareasof ICT measurement (for example, ICT expenditureand exports of ICT services), there is a need toincreaseefforts indevelopingandmeasuring the ICTsector, in order to attain regional development goals .UNESCWAplanstoaddressthemeasurementgapby
initiatingregionalsurveysforthecollectionofdataonbasic indicators related to ICTsectordevelopment . Itwill also provide technical assistance to national ICTstatisticsunitswith respect to sectoraldatacollectionandanalysis .Theseactivitiesareexpectedtocommenceduring2008–2009 .
Table 20. Summary of global measurement status by level of development:2
ICT sector3
Indicator Developed Transition Developing Leastdeveloped Totalnumber economies economies economies economies ofeconomies witheach Proportionofeconomieswitheachindicator indicator
ICT1 67% 37% 15% 0% 58
ICT2 65% 16% 10% 0% 47
Totaleconomies 49 19 120 50 238
Source: UNCTAD and UNIDO (see Annex 1 for more detail).
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The Global Information Society: a Statistical View
2.2 Trade in ICT goods
122 . Table 21 summarizes the globalmeasurementstatusfortradeinICTgoodsindicators by level of development . Data
are widely available from country tradestatistics,whicharecollectedbytheUNSDand published in their UN COMTRADEdatabase .
Table 21. Summary of global measurement status by level of development:2
trade in ICT goods4
Indicator Developed Transition Developing Leastdeveloped Totalnumber economies economies economies economies ofeconomies witheach Proportionofeconomieswitheachindicator indicator
ICT3 73% 79% 71% 66% 169
ICT4 73% 79% 68% 62% 164
Totaleconomies 49 19 120 50 238
Source: UN COMTRADE database (see Annex 1 for more detail).
71
Chapter 5. The ICT-producing sector and international trade in ICT goods
3.1 The ICT sector
123 . Table 22 presents data on the ICT sectorfor individual economies .The limitationsondatacomparabilityarediscussedaboveand are detailed in the endnotes to thechapter .
124 . Notwithstanding the significantcomparability limitations that exist, twobroadobservationsmaybemade:
• ThevalueofICT1(proportionoftotalbusiness sector workforce involved intheICTsector)isalmostinvariablyless
thanthevalueofICT2(valueaddedintheICTsectorasapercentageoftotalbusinesssectorvalueadded),indicatingthat, compared with other industries,the ICT sector produces a relativelyhighlevelofoutputforthelabourinputrequired;and
• TheICTsectorisstrongforanumberofdeveloped and developing economies,but not as strong for the transitioneconomies (with the exception ofRomania) . It is not possible to bemore specific given the comparabilitylimitationsdescribedabove .
3. Statistical summary
Table 22. ICT sector core indicators, latest year available5
Levelof Region2 Economy6 ICT1 .Proportionof ICT2 .Valueaddeddevelopment2 totalbusinesssector intheICTsector workforceinvolved (asapercentageof intheICTsector totalbusiness sectorvalueadded)
Developed Asia Japan 7% 12%Developed Europe Austria7 6% 9%Developed Europe Belgium7 7% 11%Developed Europe Croatia8 3%Developed Europe CzechRepublic7 4% 9%Developed Europe Denmark7 7% 8%Developed Europe Finland7 10% 15%Developed Europe France7 7% 11%Developed Europe Germany7 5% 9%Developed Europe Iceland 6% 7%Developed Europe Ireland7 5% 6%Developed Europe Italy7 5% 9%Developed Europe Latvia9 3% 9%Developed Europe Lithuania10 4% 9%Developed Europe Luxembourg11 4% 9%
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The Global Information Society: a Statistical View
Levelof Region2 Economy6 ICT1 .Proportionof ICT2 .Valueaddeddevelopment2 totalbusinesssector intheICTsector workforceinvolved (asapercentageof intheICTsector totalbusiness sectorvalueadded)
Developed Europe Netherlands7 6% 7%Developed Europe Norway12 5% 12%Developed Europe Poland13 2% 3%Developed Europe Portugal7 3% 4%Developed Europe Slovakia13 6% 10%Developed Europe Slovenia14 3% 5%Developed Europe Spain7 4% 8%Developed Europe Sweden13 8% 12%Developed Europe UnitedKingdom13 7% 12%Developed NorthernAmerica Bermuda 3% 4%Developed NorthernAmerica Canada15 4% 4%Developed NorthernAmerica UnitedStates16 5% 9%Developed Oceania Australia17 5% 10%Developed Oceania NewZealand 3% 7%Transition Asia Azerbaijan18 3%Transition Asia Kyrgyzstan19 2%Transition Europe Bulgaria20 1% 2%Transition Europe Romania21 3% 10%Transition Europe RussianFederation 4% 5%Transition Europe Ukraine22 3%Developing Africa Egypt 6%Developing Africa Mauritius23 4% 7%Developing Africa Morocco24 1% 2%Developing Africa SouthAfrica22 2%Developing Asia Cyprus14 3% 8%Developing Asia HongKong SARChina25 4% 5%Developing Asia India26 2% 4%Developing Asia Indonesia27 3% 5%Developing Asia Iran,Islamic Republicof28 3% 2%Developing Asia Malaysia 6%Developing Asia RepublicofKorea29 11% 20%Developing Asia Singapore22 27% 33%Developing Asia Thailand 3%Developing LatinAmericaand theCaribbean Brazil30 2%Developing LatinAmericaand theCaribbean Chile 1% 3%Developing LatinAmericaand theCaribbean Cuba 3% 5%Developing LatinAmericaand theCaribbean Panama31 3%
Source: UNCTAD, UNIDO and OECD (which provided estimates for the United States).
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Chapter 5. The ICT-producing sector and international trade in ICT goods
3.2 Trade in ICT goods
125 . Table 23 below presents 2006 data ontrade in ICT goods, aggregated by levelof development and region . In 2006,developing economies had the highestvalue of ICT3 (ICT goods imports as apercentageoftotalimports),at22percent .Whilst developed economies had a lowerproportion(12percent),theirtotalvalueofICTgoodsimportswasthehighestat949USDbillion . Least developed economieshadthelowestvalueofICT3(3percent) .
126 . Developingeconomieshadamuchhigherproportion of ICT goods exports to totalexports (ICT4) than countries at otherlevels of development (23 per cent) .In addition, the absolute value of ICTgoodsexportswashighestfordeveloping
economies, at 942 USDbillion . The highvalues for developing economies reflectthedominationofseveralAsianeconomiesin ICT goods exporting, namely China,Hong Kong (SAR China), Malaysia andSingapore, which together contributedtwothirds(67percent)oftotalICTgoodsexportsfordevelopingeconomies .
127 . Although it is not a core indicator, theratio ‘Value of ICT goods exports as apercentageofvalueofICTgoodsimports’shows the ICT goods balance of trade .The ratio shows that Asian developingeconomiesarenetexporters(125percent)andthatdevelopedeconomiesaremarginalnetimporters(84percent) .Transitionandleast developed economies have a largebalanceof tradedeficit for ICTgoods(at14and5percentrespectively) .
Table 23. ICT trade core indicators,32 2006
Levelofdevelopmentandregion2 ICT3 .ICTgoods ICT4 .ICTgoods ICTgoodsexports importsasa exportsasa asapercentage percentageoftotal percentageof ofICTgoods imports totalexports imports
Developed economies 12% 11% 84%
Asia33 14% 19% 158%Europe 11% 10% 89%NorthernAmerica 14% 13% 59%Oceania 12% 2% 14%
Transition economies 6% 1% 14%
Asia 5% 0 .1% 2%Europe 7% 1% 15%
Developing economies 22% 23% 117%
Africa 6% 1% 18%Asia 24% 27% 125%LatinAmericaandtheCaribbean 14% 9% 68%Oceania 4% 0 .1% 3%
Least developed economies 3% 0 .2% 5%
Africa 5% 0 .4% 5%Asia 1% na 3%LatinAmericaandtheCaribbean33 na na naOceania na na na
Total world 15% 15% 98%
Source: UN COMTRADE database, February 2008.
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The Global Information Society: a Statistical View
128 . Charts 10 and11present a ten-year timeseriesofICTtradedatafromtheyear1997to 2006 . Chart 10 reveals a significantrise over the period in the value of ICTimportsforalllevelsofdevelopment .Therisewasnot steady, being interrupted forashorttimeafter2000 .Whiletherisefortransition and least developed economieswasalsoveryhigh,the2006valuesarestilllowrelativetootherlevels .
129 . Chart 11 shows that the increase in thevalue of ICT exports has risen veryquickly since 2001 . In terms of value,the developing economies overtook the
developedeconomiesin2004 .AswithICTimports,theyear2000wasapeakyearandvalues dropped in the following year forall levels of development except for thetransitioneconomies,wherethevalueroseslightly .
130 . Among developing economies, Chinaaccounted for nearly half (44 per cent)of the change in the value of ICT goodsexports over the period, 1997 to 2006 .China also dominated the growth in ICTexportsglobally,accountingforjustunderathird(30percent)oftotalgrowthinvaluebetween1997and2006 .
Chart 10. ICT goods imports, 1997 to 2006
Source: UN COMTRADE database, February 2008.
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Chapter 5. The ICT-producing sector and international trade in ICT goods
3.3 Regional analysis
3.3.1 The ICT sector
131 . As discussed earlier in this chapter, ICTsector data have various limitations interms of international comparability .Nevertheless, data in Table 22 do notshowparticularregionalpatterns .Instead,individual countries in Asia and Europehave relatively high values of the coreindicators,withsmallvaluesmoreevenlyspread .Ofparticularnote,withhighvalues,are Finland in Europe and the Republicof Korea and Singapore in Asia . Manycountrieswithsmallvaluesof ICT1have
relativelyhighvaluesforICT2,indicatingthat their ICTindustriesaremore labour-intensive than those of other countries .Plans for measuring the ICT sector intheWesternAsiaand theArabregionaredescribedinBox5 .
3.3.2 Trade in ICT goods
132 . Table23presentsregionaldataontradeinICTgoods .ThedevelopingeconomiesofAsia had the highest levels of both ICT3andICT4(24and27percentrespectively) .Values for Africa and the developingeconomies of Oceania were low for bothindicators,butparticularlyforICT4 .
Chart 11. ICT goods exports, 1997 to 2006
Source: UN COMTRADE database, February 2008.
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Notes1 UNIDO’sINDSTAT4(2007)databasecontainstimeseriesdatafor113countries .Datafromnon-OECDcountries
arecollectedfromNSOsbyUNIDO(anddatafromOECDmembercountriesarecollectedbyOECDandprovidedtoUNIDO) .AlldataaresupplementedbyestimatesgeneratedbyUNIDO(UNIDO,2007) .
2 Annex 1 shows the economies which are included in each ‘level of development’ and ‘region’ category .TheclassificationisbasedontheUNStatisticalDivision’sStandard country or area codes for statistical use,seehttp://unstats .un .org/unsd/methods/m49/m49 .htm .Theclassificationwas revised inJanuary2008and isnowslightlydifferentfromtheversionusedtoaggregatedataforthispublication .ThedifferencesaredetailedinAnnex1 .
3 An indicator was considered to be available if UNCTAD or UNIDO received complete or partial data for it(includingzerovalues)fortheyear2002orlater .ThetotaleconomycountincludescountriesfromwhichUNCTADandUNIDOdonotcollectdata .SeeAnnex1fordetails .
4 AnindicatorwasconsideredtobeavailableifdatawereavailablefromtheUN COMTRADEdatabaseatthetimeofextraction(September2007withanupdateon22February2008for2005and2006data) .SeeAnnex1fordetails .
5 Latest year availableisgenerally2004or2005 .Datafrom2002orearlierhavebeenexcluded .SeeAnnex1fordetails .
6 Someeconomynameshavebeenabbreviatedtosavespace .FullnamescanbefoundinAnnex1 .
7 TheICTsectoristhesumofNACERev .1 .1categories,D30,D313,D321,D322,D323,D3320,D3330,G518,I642,K7133,K72 .ThetotalbusinesssectoristhesumofNACEcategories,C,D,E,F,G,H,I,J6512_652,J6601,J66021,J6603,J6605,K71-74 .DatawereextractedfromtheEurostaton-linedatabaseinAugust2007 .Valueaddedisatfactorcost .
8 Manufacturingsectoronly,numberofemployeesisasof31Marchofthereferenceyear .
9 ThetotalbusinesssectorconsistsofNACERev .1 .1C,D,E,F,G,H,I,Kexcept70 .
10 TheICTsectoristhesumofavailableNACEclassifications(NACErev .1 .1D30-33,G51,I64,K71,K72) .ThetotalbusinesssectoristhesumoftheavailableNACEclassifications(NACErev .1 .1C,D,E,F,G,H,I,J6512_652,J6601,J66021,J6603,J6605,K71-74) .DatawereextractedfromtheEurostaton-linedatabaseinAugust2007 .Valueaddedisatfactorcost .
11 TheICTsectoristhesumofNACERev .1 .1categories,D30,D313,D321,D322,D323,D3320,D3330,G5184,I642,K7133,K72 .ThetotalbusinesssectoristhesumofNACEcategories,C,D,E,F,G,H,I,J6512_652,J6601,J66021,J6603,J6605,K71-74 .DatawereextractedfromtheEurostaton-linedatabaseinAugust2007 .Valueaddedisatfactorcost .
12 TheICTsectoristhesumofNACERev .1 .1categories,D30-33,G5184,G5186,I64,K71,K72 .ThetotalbusinesssectoristhesumofNACEcategories,C,D,E,F,G,H,I,J6512_652,J6601,J66021,J6603,J6605,K71-74 .DatawereextractedfromtheEurostaton-linedatabaseinAugust2007 .Valueaddedisatfactorcost .
13 TheICTsectoristhesumofNACERev1 .1categories,D30,D313,D321,D322,D323,D3320,D3330,G518,I642,K7133,K72 .Thetotalbusinesssector is thesumofNACEcategories,C,D,E,F,G,H,I,K71-74, i .e .excludingJ65-67 (financial intermediation) .Datawereextracted from theEurostaton-linedatabase inAugust2007 .Valueaddedisatfactorcost .
14 TheICTsectoristhesumofNACERev1 .1categories,D30-33,G518,I642,K713,K72 .ThetotalbusinesssectoristhesumofNACEcategories,C,D,E,F,G,H,I,J6512_652,J6601,J66021,J6603,J6605,K71-74 .DatawereextractedfromtheEurostaton-linedatabaseinAugust2007 .Valueaddedisatfactorcost .
15 TheICTsectorworkforcedoesnotincludethefollowingindustries:ISIC7123;ISIC7240;partsofISIC7250 .Datawereeithernotavailableornotsuitableforreleaseduetoconfidentiality .Thetotalbusinesssectorworkforceincludesemployeejobsandself-employedjobs .
16 OECDestimate .Totalbusinesssectorexcludesagriculture,fishingetc,realestateandnon-marketservices .
17 TheICTsectorworkforceestimatehasarelativestandarderrorof10%tolessthan25%andshouldbeusedwithcaution .TheICTsectorexcludesISICclasses3230,3313and7123 .
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Chapter 5. The ICT-producing sector and international trade in ICT goods
18 Manufacturingsectoronly .Thedatapresented inISIC(Rev .3)wereoriginallyclassifiedaccording toNACE(Rev .1) .
19 Manufacturingsectoronly,datacollectedunderthenationalclassificationsystemhavebeenreclassifiedbythenationalauthoritiestocorrespondwithISIC(Rev .3) .Employeesarethenumberofpeopleengaged .
20 Manufacturingsectoronly,excludesclasses3312and3313 .DatawereconvertedfromNACE(Rev .2 .2)toISIC(Rev .3) .Valueaddedisatproducers’prices .
21 ThetotalbusinesssectoristhesumofNACERev1 .1categories,C,D,E,F,G,H,I,J6512_652,J6601,J66021,J6603,J6605,K71-74 .DatawereextractedfromtheEurostaton-linedatabaseinAugust2007 .
22 Manufacturingsectoronly .
23 TheICTsectorexcludesG5151butincludesG5239–Otherretailsaleinspecializedstores(notpartoftheICTsector)andK7499–Otherbusinessactivities,n .e .c .ThefigureforthetotalICTsectorworkforceisprovisional .ThetotalICTsectorworkforceincludesNSIC80220part(technicalandvocationalinstitutionsprovidingtrainingcoursesinITonly) .ThetotalbusinesssectorincludesNSICK74999(otherbusinessactivities,n .e .c .call-centresonly),NSICG52396 (retail trade,dealer incomputer equipment), andM80220part (technical andvocationalinstitutionsprovidingtrainingcoursesinITonly) .
24 Manufacturingsectoronly,excludesclass3313 .Thescopeisenterpriseswith10ormoreemployeesoraturnoverofmorethan100,000dirhamsperyear .DatacollectedunderthenationalclassificationsystemhavebeenreclassifiedbyUNIDOtocorrespondwithISIC(Rev .3) .Valueaddedisatfactorcost .
25 The coverage of the business sector used in the statistics largely follows the OECD’s definition, except that‘maintenanceandrepairofmotorvehiclesandmotorcycles’isnotincludedduetothelackofdetaileddata .Inotherwords,thebusinesssectorcoversminingandquarrying;manufacturing;electricity,gasandwater;construction;wholesales, retail, import/export trades, restaurants, hotels; transport, storage and communications; financing,insuranceandbusinessservices .
26 Manufacturingsectoronly .DatawereoriginallyclassifiedaccordingtotheNationalIndustryClassification(1998)whichisfullycompatiblewithISIC(Rev .3) .Employeesequaltopersonsengaged .Valueaddedisatproducers’prices .
27 Manufacturingsectoronly,excludesclass3313 .Valueaddedisatfactorcost .
28 Manufacturingsectoronly .Valueaddedinproducers’prices .
29 FortheICTsector,ISICG5151referstoISICG515(3-digitlevel),andK7210referstoISICK72(2-digitlevel) .
30 Therearenoofficialdataforthebusinesssectorworkforce .WhilethedataontheICTsectorworkforcecomesfromRAIS,thefigureforthetotalbusinesssectorworkforcecomesfromtheIBGE’s“EstatísticasdoCadastroCentraldeEmpresas2004” .
31 ICTsectorworkforcefiguresareprovisional .
32 Anoteonthepresentationofvaluesinthistable:theterm‘na’meansnotavailable,thatis,thereareinsufficientdatatoproduceameaningfulaggregationornodataareavailable .Allvalueswhicharelessthan1havebeenshownto1decimalplace .
33 Thiscategoryconsistsofonecountryonly .
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Chapter 6. ICT in education
133 . Following the first phase of the WorldSummit on the Information Society, in2003,theUNESCOInstituteforStatistics(UIS)joinedotherstakeholdersinvolvedinICTmeasurementtoformthePartnershiponMeasuringICTforDevelopment .UIS’current role in the Partnership is to leadthe Task Group on Education, the briefofwhich is todevelopaplan tocollectacoresetofindicatorsontheroleofICTineducation .
134 . Through various initiatives and fora,1a high priority has been placed on theimprovementofeducationinallcountries,with particular emphasis on the mostmarginalized groups (including girlsand women, youth and least developedeconomies) . Insupportof theWSISPlanofAction, in2000,UNESCOcreated theInformation for All Programme (IFAP)thatenablesGovernments to“harness thenew opportunities of the information agetocreateequitablesocietiesthroughbetteraccesstoinformation”(UNESCO,2007) .
Chapter 6. ICT in education
1. Introduction
Box 6. International imperatives for education and ICT policy
UN Millennium Development Goals
Goal2Achieveuniversalprimaryeducation .TARGETEnsure that, by 2015, children everywhere, boys andgirls alike, will be able to complete a full course ofprimaryschooling .
Goal8Developaglobalpartnershipfordevelopment .TARGETIncooperationwiththeprivatesector,makeavailable the benefits of new technologies, especiallyinformationandcommunications .
WSIS Geneva 2003 Declaration of Principles “Our Common Vision of the Information Society”
2 . Our challenge is to harness the potential ofinformationandcommunicationtechnologytopromotethedevelopmentgoalsoftheMillenniumDeclaration,namelytheeradicationofextremepovertyandhunger;achievementofuniversalprimaryeducation;… .
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WSIS Geneva 2003 Plan of Action “Objectives, goals and targets”
B6b to connect universities, colleges, secondaryschoolsandprimaryschoolswithICTs .
B6c to connect scientific and research centres withICTs .
B6g to adapt all primary and secondary schoolcurricula to meet the challenges of theInformationSociety,takingintoaccountnationalcircumstances .
WSIS Geneva 2003 Plan of Action “Capacity building”
C4,11 Everyone should have the necessary skills tobenefit fully from the InformationSociety .Therefore,capacitybuildingandICTliteracyareessential .ICTscancontributetoachievinguniversaleducationworldwide,
throughdeliveryofeducationandtrainingofteachers,andofferingimprovedconditionsforlifelonglearning,encompassing people that are outside the formaleducationprocess,andimprovingprofessionalskills .
WSIS Tunis Commitment 2005
11 .Furthermore,ICTsaremakingitpossibleforavastlylargerpopulationthanatanytimeinthepasttojoininsharingandexpandingthebaseofhumanknowledge,andcontributingtoitsfurthergrowthinallspheresofhumanendeavouraswellasitsapplicationtoeducation,health and science . ICTs have enormous potential toexpand access to quality education, to boost literacyand universal primary education, and to facilitate thelearningprocessitself,thuslayingthegroundworkfortheestablishmentofafullyinclusiveanddevelopment-orientedInformationSocietyandknowledgeeconomywhichrespectculturalandlinguisticdiversity .
Source: The UN Millennium Development Goals (UN, 2007), WSIS Outcome Documents: Geneva 2003 – Tunis 2005 (ITU, 2005).
135 . UIS work towards the identification ofa set of comparable indicators on ICT ineducation has been informed by a rangeof international surveys that assess theeducational achievements of students,withsomecomponentsrelatedtoICT,forinstance,ICTusebystudents .Thesurveysinclude:
• Latin American Laboratory for theAssessment of Quality in Education(LABORATORIO1997);
• Monitoring Learning Achievement(MLA1992-2003);
• Programme d’Analyse des SystèmesEducatifsdespaysdelaCONFEMEN(PASEC1993-1998);
• Programme for International StudentAssessment(PISA2003);
• Progress in International ReadingLiteracyStudy(PIRLS2001);
• Second Information Technology inEducation Study (SITES-M1 1997-1999, SITES-M2 1999-2002, SITES-M32006);
• Southern and EastAfrica Consortiumfor Monitoring Educational Quality(SACMEQ2000-2003);
• Trends in International MathematicsandScienceStudy(TIMSS2003);
• WorldEducationIndicators–SurveyofPrimarySchools(WEI-SPS2004);and
• UNESCO Bangkok: Asia-PacificRegionalSurvey(UAPRS2004) .
136 . The surveys vary in their approach andcontent, for instance, reference periods,target populations, country coverage,survey methodology and data collected .Some surveys focus on monitoring thepresence of ICT in schools, while othersdealwithotheraspectsofformaleducation .This diversity clearly presents challengesforcomparisonofresults .Despitethis,thesurveys do present some useful data onICTineducation .
137 . AsamemberofthePartnership,UIShasbeen working on the development of acore set of ‘ICT in education’ indicatorsthrough consultations with countries atregionalworkshops .Thesemeetingshavepresentedopportunitiesfordiscussionandendorsement of the core set of educationindicatorsproposedbyUISattheWSISinTunis2005 .Theproposedsetofeducationindicators(seeTable24)isbeingconsidered
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Chapter 6. ICT in education
foradditiontotheagreedcorelistofICTindicators . It is likely thatadecisionwillbemadeattheGlobal Event on Measuring the Information Society organized by thePartnershipfrom27-29May2008 .
138 . In parallel with this work, UIS hasundertakenaworld-widescopingstudytocollectevidenceofcountries’preparednesstosupplycomparabledatafortheproposededucationindicators .Furtherconsultations
withcountriesandpartnersareanticipatedinordertodeterminethescopeofamoresubstantivesurvey .Theviewsofcountriesand partners will be sought to determinethe most effective approach to such adata collection exercise . The lessonslearnt from the pilot survey and countryconsultationsarealsointendedtohelpUISto devise capacity-building priorities forconsiderationbycountries .
Table 24. Core indicators for ICT in education proposed by UIS
Basic core indicators
ED1 Percentageofschoolswithelectricity(byISCED2level1to3)ED2 Percentageofschoolswitharadiosetusedforeducationalpurposes(byISCEDlevel0to4)ED3 Percentageofschoolswithatelevisionsetusedforeducationalpurposes(byISCEDlevel0to4)ED4 Studenttocomputerratio(byISCEDlevel0to4)ED5 Percentageofschoolswithbasictelecommunicationinfrastructureortelephoneaccess(by
ISCEDlevel1to3)ED6 PercentageofschoolswithanInternetconnection(byISCEDlevel1to3)ED7 PercentageofstudentswhousetheInternetatschool(byISCEDlevel0to4)3
Extended core indicators
ED8 PercentageofstudentsenrolledbygenderatthetertiarylevelinanICT-relatedfield(ISCEDlevel5to6)
ED9 PercentageofICT-qualifiedteachersinprimaryandsecondaryschools(ofthetotalnumberofteachers)3
Source: UIS.
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139 . In late 2006, UIS undertook the scopingstudy referred to above . Its primary goalwas to assess data holdings by countriesin the area of ICT in education in orderto evaluate the potential for comparablemeasurement of the proposed core set ofindicatorsshowninTable24 .
140 . In total, 209 countries were sent aquestionnaireseekingdataonthefollowingtopics:
• ICT or related resources in schools/institutions (availability of electricity,telephoneline,radio,television,Internetorsatelliteconnectivity,computersandtheir dedicated use as teaching andlearningsupporttools);
• TimeallocatedtoICTclasses;
• Teachers trainedfor ICTand thoseonICTteachingassignments;
• Tertiary institutions students in e-learningcoursesorinICT-relatedfieldsofstudy;and
• ExpendituresonICTineducation .
141 . Thescopingstudyquestionnairewassenttothesamecountrycontactswhocompletethe annual UIS education questionnaire .In most cases, these contacts are locatedin the statistics units of ministries ofeducation . For various reasons, UISexperienced delays in country responseandquestionnairesarestillbeingreceived .AsofFebruary2008,theoverallresponseratewas46percent(97respondentsoutof209countries,including14‘nilreturns’) .
142 . Information from the scoping study ondataavailabilityforthecorelistofICTineducation indicators isshowninTable25below . It indicates that ED1, ED4, ED5andED6arelikelytobethemostavailableindicators .Itshouldbenotedthat,foroverhalf the countries of the world, it is notknown whether any of the indicators areavailable .TheavailabilityindicatedinTable25 is thereforehighly likely tounderstatethetrueavailabilityoftheindicators .
2. Measurement status
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143 . The results arenot sufficiently conclusivefor UIS to feel strongly optimistic orpessimistic regarding the potential for aworldwide collection of the core set ofindicators on ICT in education . The keyunknownisthesituationfornon-respondingcountries . Some reasons that countriescouldlackICTineducationdatainclude:
• ICT in/for education is not prominentinthecountry’spublicpolicyagenda;
• TheapplicationofICTtoeducationislimitedtoasmallnumberofpublicorprivateschools/institutions;
• UseofICTineducationisrestrictedtovocational,post-secondaryandtertiaryeducationinstitutions;
• Attempts to collect ICT in educationdata have proven problematic becauseofgapsincountries’capacities;and/or
• The UIS contact institution is not themandatedentityfornationalcollectionof ICT in education statistics (UISattempted to test this assumption, butwithonlypartialsuccess) .
144 . Despite the modest response rate, thesample of respondent countries providesa useful basis for re-engineering the UISsurveys on ICT in education .The repliesindicatethatamoretailoredquestionnaireapproach might be feasible, based ongroups of countries with homogeneouscapacities and similar policy concerns .Some commonalities could be retainedfor the sake of ensuring internationalcomparability for a minimum core set ofindicators .
Table 25. Summary of global measurement status by level of development:4
ICT in education5
Indicator Developed Transition Developing Leastdeveloped Totalnumber economies economies economies economies ofeconomies witheach Proportionofeconomieswitheachindicator6 indicator
ED1 41% 21% 32% 14% 69ED2 10% 5% 13% 6% 25ED3 8% 11% 20% 6% 33ED4 24% 21% 28% 4% 51ED5 39% 21% 31% 6% 63ED6 31% 16% 32% 2% 57ED7 22% 16% 23% 2% 43ED8 33% 5% 16% 8% 40ED9 10% 21% 28% 2% 44
Totaleconomies 49 19 120 50 238
Source: UIS.
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145 . AnanalysisoftrendswouldbeprematureonthebasisofthedataonthecoreindicatorscalculatedfromtheUISscopingstudyasitisafirst timeexercisethatdidnotaimtocollect time series data . Moreover, manyofthedatapointswererequestedmoreforthepurposeofassessingormakingvaluejudgments on the potential availability ofcore indicator data rather than as a datacollection exercise per se . However, with
thiscaveatinmind,someprovisionaldataarepresentedinthechartsbelow .
146 . Dataareshownbylevelofdevelopmentandindicate low levelsofbasic infrastructurefor some developing and least developedeconomies . Some developing economiesare relatively advanced, especially withregard to tertiary levelenrolments inICTstudies .
3. Statistical summary
Chart 12. Percentage of schools with electricity, latest year available
Source: UIS.
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Chapter 6. ICT in education
Chart 13. Percentage of schools with a radio for educational purposes, latest year available
Source: UIS.
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Source: UIS.
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The Global Information Society: a Statistical View
Chart 15. Percentage of schools with an Internet connection,7 latest year available
Source: UIS.
Chart 16. Percentage of students enrolled at the tertiary level in an ICT-related field, latest year available
Source: UIS.
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Chapter 6. ICT in education
147 . UIS is continuing to explore theavailability of data for the proposed coreindicators through regional meetings . InFebruary 2007, an expert group meetingon indicators on the use of ICT ineducation and e-government was jointlyorganized by UNESCWA and UIS inCairo .A consultative workshop was heldin December 2007 in Addis Ababa, incooperationwithUNECA .Theworkshop’sobjectiveswereto:
• IncludeAfricancountriesintheprocessof adoption of the UIS proposed coresetofindicatorsonICTineducation;
• Presentandreviewthescopingsurveyresults in order to analyse challengesfaced by countries and to seek viewson the most effective strategy forexpandingdatacollectionactivitiesonICTineducation;and
• Discuss the feasibility of developinga broader range of ICT in educationindicators adapted to national andregional needs and based on theprogrammeofworkcarriedoutbytheUNESCO Bangkok office (which hasdevelopedamanualoncollectingICTineducationindicators) .
148 . UIS regional advisors from Asia as wellas key country representatives from theMiddleEastandNorthAfricatookpartintheworkshop,which led to the followingconclusions:
• The UIS-proposed core indicatorson ICT in education were adopted .
ParticipantsstronglyrecommendedthatUISproducedetaileddefinitionsofthevariablestobecollectedbycountriesinordertoensureconsistentnationaldataandinternationalcomparability .
• The main challenge facing nationaldatacollectioneffortsinthisareaisthattheintroductionofICTineducationinmanyregionsisatanearlystage,thusconfirming UIS views that it wouldbe premature to collect the proposedindicators for all countries in thenextsurveyonICTineducation .
• The formation of an internationalworkinggroupofcountriescommittedto collecting data for measuringICT in education was endorsed byworkshopparticipants .UISwasinvitedto develop terms of reference forthe selection of candidate countries .Country discussions during the UISeducation regionalworkshopsof2008will beheld to identify candidates fortheinternationalWorkinggrouponICTStatisticsinEducation(WISE) .
149 . Wishingtomaintainmomentumgeneratedbythescopingstudy,workshopparticipantsstronglysupportedtheideathatUISpursueeffortsunderthePartnershiptoencouragecapacity-building for data collection onICT in education . In particular, UIS willsupport regional initiatives by the UNcommissionsaimedatcapacity-buildinginthisarea .
150 . Possible follow-up action for theinternationalworkinggroupincludes:
4. Regional activities
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The Global Information Society: a Statistical View
• Development of a prototype statisticalinstrument, standard definitions, auser manual, and indicator guidelinesin conjunction with members of thePartnership .ParticipantswouldincludeUNESCO Bangkok, and leading
expertsonICTineducationfromLatinAmericaandtheCaribbean,ArabStatesandAfrica;and
• Thelaunch,in2009,ofaninitialroundofsurveysinrespectofworkinggroupmembercountries .
Notes1 IncludingtheMillenniumDevelopmentGoals(UN,2007),theEducationforAllGoals(UNESCO,2007)andthe
WorldSummitfortheInformationSociety(WSIS,Geneva2003andTunis2005) .
2 ISCEDistheInternationalStandardClassificationofEducation .Thelevelsare:ISCED0–Pre-primaryeducation;ISCED1–Primaryeducation;ISCED2–LowerSecondaryEducation;ISCED3–Uppersecondaryeducation;ISCED 4 – Post-secondary non tertiary education (programmes that lie between the upper-secondary andtertiarylevelsofeducation);ISCED5–Firststageoftertiaryeducation,andISCED6–Secondstageoftertiaryeducation .
3 ThevaluesofED7andED9areproxies,thatis,thevaluesdisplayedarenotthetruevaluesoftheseindicatorsbutareestimatedfromotherdata .
4 Annex 1 shows the economies which are included in each ‘level of development’ and ‘region’ category .TheclassificationisbasedontheUNStatisticalDivision’sStandard country or area codes for statistical use,seehttp://unstats .un .org/unsd/methods/m49/m49 .htm .Theclassificationwas revised inJanuary2008and isnowslightlydifferentfromtheversionusedtoaggregatedataforthispublication .ThedifferencesaredetailedinAnnex1 .
5 Available or partially available .The total economy count includes countries from which UIS does not collectdata .
6 The situation is unknown for 141 countries (out of 238) .The percentages shown here are therefore likely tounderstatetheavailabilityofindicators .
7 Thedataitemforallcountrieswaseither:percentageofschoolswithadialupconnectiononlyorpercentageofschoolswithabroadbandconnectiononly .
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Chapter 7. Measuring the impact of ICT
151 . AssessingtheimpactofICToneconomiesand societies is critical to national andinternational ICTpolicymaking .MuchoftheinterestindevelopinganICTindustry,or promoting use of ICT by businessesand individuals, has been based on thepotential of ICT to improve productivityand economicgrowth, andprovide socialbenefits .
152 . This chapter outlines recent work in thisarea and provides some suggestions forstatisticalagenciestoconsiderintermsofdata collection and analysis . It concludeswith a section on the impact of ICT oneducation,which isbasedon informationprovidedbyUIS .
Chapter 7. Measuring the impact of ICT
1. Introduction
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153 . Overviews of the available theoreticalapproaches and empirical evidence canbe found in recent publications includingITU’s World Telecommunication/ICT Development Report 2006: Measuring ICT for social and economic development(ITU,2006),theOECDpaper“MeasuringtheimpactsofICTusingofficialstatistics”(OECD, 2007b), UNCTAD’s Information Economy Report 2007-2008 (UNCTAD,2007b) andUNECA’spublicationProject on Information Society (IS) indicators by the African Academia Research Network (ARN) – Current situation and prospects, 2007(UNECA,2007b) .
154 . The measurement of ICT impacts ischallenging for a number of reasonsincluding:
• The range of effects that can becharacterized as impacts, for instance,strong or weak influences, direct orindirect impacts,positiveandnegativeimpacts, short or long term impacts,intended and unintended impacts,intermediateandfinalimpacts;
• The range of possible statisticalapproaches to impact measurement,combinedwithalackofbothcomparablemeasurementmodelsanddata;
• The large range of potential impactmeasures, reflecting the scope of theinformationsocietyandtheinteractionsbetweenitselements;
• The general challenge in measuringimpactsofanykind(demonstratingthe
impactofonefactoronanothercanbedifficultbecauseapositive correlationcannotreadilybeattributedtoacause-and-effectrelationship);and
• Thenatureof ICTitself;asexplainedbyITU(2006),measuringtheimpactofICTcanbecomparedwithmeasuringthe impact of electricity, “Part ofthe difficulty is that both ICTs andelectricity are “enabling” or “GeneralPurpose Technologies”… whichmeans their use and their impacts areubiquitous yet difficult to measurebecause they are mainly indirect . Itis not electricity or ICTs as such thatmake the (bulk) impact on economyand society but how they are used totransform organization, processes andbehaviours .”(OECD,2007b) .
155 . It is beyond the scope of this chapter toreview these issues in depth; instead,readers are referred to the referencesprovidedabove .However,wewillexamineone of the more prominent areas of ICTimpactmeasurement,thatis,useofmicrodata analysis to assess the impactof ICTon productivity at the firm level . FirmlevelstudiesofICTimpactsarebasedonlinking statistics from various sources,wherethelinkeddatacanincludestatisticsonfirmperformance,ICTuse,innovationand organizational factors . The OECDstarted coordinating such work amongmember countries in the early 2000s andPilat (2004) provides a history of thoseearlyefforts .
2. Statistical work on measuring the impact of ICT
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Chapter 7. Measuring the impact of ICT
156 . Therearevariousapproachestoanalysingfirmleveldata,aswellasavarietyofdatasources used . While this diversity hassomebenefits,italsolimitscross-countrycomparison . Work is currently underwayamongst European Union countries todevelop a comparable methodology formeasuringfirmlevelimpacts .TheprojectisfundedbyEurostatandledbytheUnitedKingdom’s Office for National Statistics .ItsaimistoassessICTimpactsbylinkingfirm level data from different sources,each of which is comparable across EUcountries . The project is scheduled toconcludein2008,withdeliveryofanalysisand recommendations for indicators(OECD,2007b) .
157 . Some generalized findings from firmlevel studies (Eurostat, 2007b) are thatICTaffectsproductivityinapositiveway– for example, through hardware andsoftware investment, through firm leveluse of multiple electronic business links,andthroughgreateremployeeengagementwithcomputersandtheInternet(especiallywithhighspeedbroadband) .
158 . The extent of the gain differs accordingto the type of firm – for example acrossindustries (with some service industriesshowing a particularly strong effect),between young and established firms(with the former showing greater gainsfrom IT investment), and between firmswith different ownership and geographicscope . There are also relationships withotherfirmattributes,forinstance,thereisagreaterpositiveimpactwherefirmshavemore fixed investment, a higher numberofskilledemployeesandagreaterlevelofinnovativeactivity(Eurostat,2007b) .
159 . Among developing economies, the ThaiNational Statistical Office has conductedajointresearchprojectwithUNCTADtoassessthelinkbetweenICTuseandlabourproductivity inThaimanufacturingfirms .ThestudywaspartofabroaderUNCTADinitiative to improve ICT measurement
and is the first known example of use ofofficialstatisticstomeasuretheimpactofICTon labourproductivity indevelopingeconomies .
160 . The study found that the use of ICT(computers,theInternetandwebpresence)byThai manufacturers is associated withsignificantly higher sales per employee .Importantly,theuseofeventhemostbasicoftheseICTs–computers–accountsforlarge differences in labour productivitybetween firms . Furthermore, variationsin the intensity of computer use resultedin larger productivity differentials, forexample, a 10 per cent increase in theshare of employees using computers wasassociatedwitha3 .8percentriseinlabourproductivity(UNCTAD,2007b) .
161 . Thestudy’sfindingssupportthehypothesisthat businesses in developing economiescan benefit from the use of ICT, evensimple ICTs such as computers . Whilefurther analysis is needed to identifythe complementary factors that lead toproductivitygainsfromICT,theimportanceof impact measurement in developingeconomiesisevident .
162 . Individual economies that are interestedin including impactsmeasures in surveysshould consider it at the survey designstage . For instance, micro data analysiscanbeperformedusingdatafromasinglesurvey source, provided that the sourcecollectstherequisiteICTandperformancedata .The possibility of linking ICT datawith data from other sources such astaxation data or data from other businesssurveys should also be considered atthe design stage (UNCTAD, 2007a) . Animportantfactorhereisthatthematchrateofunitsfromthedifferencesourcesshouldbe maximized for meaningful analysis .Forexample,ifthematchiswithtaxationdata,itisusefuliftaxationrecordsareusedas thebasisof thepopulation frameusedfor the survey . If the match is with datafrom other surveys, maximum overlap of
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unitsbetweensurveysandacommonunitidentifier are necessary . While this oftenoccurs for larger units, arguably, there ismore interest in the ICT-productivity linkforsmallandmediumsizedbusinesses .1
163 . Other areasof ICT impactsmeasurementthat statistical agencies could exploreare described in OECD (2007b) . In theeconomicarea,theyinclude:
• CompilationofanICTsatelliteaccount(per the work ofAustralia and Chile)basedonSystemofNationalAccounts(SNA93) standards and ICT statisticalstandards (for example, the definitionofICTgoods);and
• Impactperceptionsmeasures;thesearesimple questions that can be includedin a business survey; examples areincludedinmodelquestionnairesoftheOECDandEurostat .
164 . Inthesocialarea,countriescouldconsiderthefollowing(alsofromOECD,2007b):
• Including questions on the perceptionof ICT impacts on household surveyquestionnaires;
• Using time use surveys to collectinformation on time spent on ICTactivitiesbyindividuals;
• Use of household expenditure surveystocollectinformationonhouseholdICTbudgets;and
• Useoflabourforceorotherhouseholdsurveys to collect statistics on‘teleworking’andotherchangesinworkpatternsthataredrivenbyICT .
165 . In all these areas, statistical agenciesshould consider issues of harmonization .Where international standards exist (forinstance,theSNA,ICTstatisticsstandards,methodologies and classifications fortime use and household expendituresurveys),theseshouldbeutilizedinorderto maximize the potential for comparingresultsacrosseconomies .
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Chapter 7. Measuring the impact of ICT
166 . Although policymakers hope to achievepositive outcomes from applying ICT toeducation,thereisstillnotmuchwidespreadevidence of positive impacts of ICT oneducationalgoals–andoftensuchevidenceis qualified by reference to particularconditions (for instance, that access toICT at school alone may be insufficientto affect student achievement) . However,the introduction of ICT in the educationsectorcanbequitecostly,intermsofboththe capital costs of basic infrastructure(hardware,softwareandconnectivity)andthe recurrent costs of maintenance andhumanresourcesdevelopment .Therefore,anycredibleevidenceofimpacts–positiveornegative–wouldplayanessentialroleindecision-makinginthisarea .
167 . A search of existing literature by UISrevealsthatalotmoreneedstobelearnedaboutthecost-effectivenessofinvestmentin this area for achieving educationalgoals . Even for developed economies,hardevidenceofpositiveimpactofICTonstudents’ achievement is scant, althoughsomeexists .Forinstance,the1999TIMSS-Rstudy2showedthatstudentproficiencyinmathematicsislowerwhenteachersuseacomputer but that students with Internetaccess at home had a higher averageproficiency in science than those withoutInternetaccess(thosewithInternetaccessathomeaswellasschoolhadevenhigheraverageproficiency) .3
168 . TheOECD’sProgrammeforInternationalStudentAssessment (PISA) surveys wereconducted in2000,2003and2006 .Theyassess the performance of 15-year oldstudents in the principal industrializedeconomies . The 2003 survey assessedproficiency in mathematics, reading,science and cross-curricular problemsolving .However, themain focuswasonmathematics . Analysis of results showsthat, for all countries in the survey, themathematics performance of studentswithoutaccesstocomputersathomewassignificantly below that of those withhomeaccess .Importantly,in23outofthe31 countries in the study, a performanceadvantageremainedevenafteraccountingfordifferentsocio-economicbackgroundsof students . There is also a performanceadvantageassociatedwithschoolaccesstocomputersthough,formostcountries,itislessmarked .
169 . The highest performances in bothmathematicsandreadingtendedtobefromstudentswithamediumlevelofcomputeruse,whichsuggeststhatexcessivecomputerusecouldhaveanegativeimpactonschoolperformance (OECD, 2005a) . The 2003PISA study also revealed that studentswithInternetaccessathomehadahigherproficiency in reading than those who donot(seeChart17below) .
3. The impact of ICT in education
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The Global Information Society: a Statistical View
Chart 17. Link between Internet access at home and student proficiency
Source: UIS, original source PISA 2003 (OECD).
Notes1 NSOs often prefer to minimize overlap between the sampled sectors of business surveys in order to reduce
respondentburden .Whereoneofthesurveystobematchedisacensus,thissituationdoesnotapply(thiswillbethecaseforsomeeconomicsurveyswhichareconductedasperiodiccensuses) .
2 ThirdInternationalMathematicsandScienceStudy-Repeat:TIMSS1999,alsoknownasTIMSS-Repeat(TIMSS-R),measuredprogressineighth-grademathematicsandsciencearoundtheworld .TIMSS1999providedcountriesthatparticipatedinthe1995testingwithtrenddataatGrade8 .Thefour-yearperiodbetweenthefirstandseconddata collection saw thepopulationof studentsoriginally assessedas fourthgradersmoveon toGrade8 .Thisdevelopmentallowedcountriesthatparticipatedin1995atGrade4tocomparetheperformanceoffourth-gradersinthatyearwiththeirperformanceaseighth-gradersin1999 .Asinthe1995study,TIMSS1999alsoinvestigated,throughbackgroundquestionnaires,thecontextforlearningmathematicsandscienceintheparticipatingcountries .Informationwascollectedabouteducationalsystems,curriculum,instructionalpractices,andcharacteristicsofstudents,teachers,andschools .
3 Giventhattheseresultspredatemuchofthedevelopmentoftheinformationsociety,arguably,theirimportanceliesinprovidinganindicationofthetypeofanalysisthatispossibleratherthanrelevantinformation .
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Mean Test Score (Reading) of students with an Internet link at homeMean Test Score (Reading) of students who do not have an Internet link at homeNon-OECD Countries
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Chapter 8. Conclusions and future work
170 . Thereisastrongpolicyinterestworldwidein ICT and its impacts on society . Theimportant role of high quality andcomparable ICT statistics in informingpolicymaking is acknowledged at theglobal level, for instance through theGenevaandTunisphasesofWSIS .Atthecountry level, this role may be less clearand it is hoped that this publication willencourage more engagement by NSOswith the international organizations thatareguidingdevelopmentsinthisfield .
1.1 The state of the information society
171 . The 41 core indicators presented in thestatistical summaries of this publication,together present a view of the globalinformation society – and the picturethey present is a highly consistent one .Developed economies in general, alongwithseveraldevelopingeconomiesinAsia,arewelladvancedasusersandproducersof ICT .They have good infrastructure atreasonablecost,andpenetrationofICTintheir businesses and households is high .UseofICTbybusinessesandindividualsintheseeconomiesisgrowingandbecomingmore sophisticated (no doubt due to
increasing access to broadband Internet) .TheyspendalotofmoneyimportingICTgoods and many of them are significantproducers of ICT goods and/or services .In this context, the rise of some of thedeveloping economies ofAsia (China, inparticular) as exporters of ICT goods isnotable .
172 . Whiledataforothereconomiesisscarcer,itisclearthattheirlevelsofICTinfrastructureand access are generally lower and, on aper capitabasis,moreexpensive .Despitethis,thereareencouragingsigns,includingstrong growth in mobile phone use andinternationalbandwidthper capita,stronggrowthinICTimports,andrelativelyhighlevelsofuseofcommercialInternetaccessfacilitiesinmanycountries .
173 . RegardingICTineducation(Chapter6),the overall picture is not as clear as forotherindicators,thoughthereisadisparitybetweendevelopedandmanylessdevelopedeconomies,especiallyconcerningInternetconnection in schools .As with the otherindicators,somedevelopingeconomiesarerelativelyadvanced,especiallywithregardtotertiarylevelenrolmentsinICTstudies .
Chapter 8. Conclusions and future work
1. Conclusions
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1.2 Data gaps and deficiencies
174 . Inadiscussionofthestateofinformationsociety measurement, it is first necessarytodistinguishthosecoreindicatorsthatarebasedonreasonablyavailabledatasources,from those that require the conduct ofstatisticalsurveys . In theformercategoryaretradedata(providingdatafortheICTtrade indicators, ICT3and ICT4)and theinfrastructuredatacollectedbytheITU(A1toA12) .The other indicators are usuallycollected using household or businesssurveys and are therefore expected to beless available, because of the significantresources and statistical infrastructurerequiredtoconductsurveys .
175 . Aquickreviewoftheglobalmeasurementstatus tables in each chapter shows theclearrelationshipbetweendataavailabilityand the requirement to conduct surveys .Mostoftheinfrastructureindicators(Table2)andboththeICTtradeindicators(Table21) are available for a high proportionof countries, irrespective of their levelof development . In fact, for most of theinfrastructure indicators, availability ishigherforleastdevelopedeconomiesthanfor developed economies . For the twotrade indicators, availability is similar forall levelsofdevelopment .Trade statisticshavebeencompiledformanyyearsandarereadilyavailable .
176 . It isalsolikelythattheinfrastructureandtrade indicators are of higher quality andmore internationally comparable than theother indicators .This is because they arebased on long established concepts anddefinitionsand,especiallyfortradedata,astandardizedcollectionframework .
177 . ThepredominantconcernhereismoreforthosecoreICTindicatorsthataresurvey-based and therefore present collectionchallenges for countries (collectingthese indicators implies either addingICT questions to existing surveys ordevelopingnew stand-alone ICT surveys,
which is resource intensive) . A reviewof the global measurement status tablesfor those indicators shows that most ofthe household indicators (HH1 to HH13)are reasonably available for developedeconomiesbut,sofar,havelowavailabilityfor other levels of development (Table7) . In particular, for most of the leastdeveloped economies, no individual ICTuse indicators are available yet . Withrespect to thebusinessuseindicators(B1toB12),todate,fewdevelopingeconomiescollect any of the indicators and no leastdeveloped economies collect them (Table15) . The situation for developed andtransition economies is more advanced,with about two thirds of developedeconomies,andaboutaquarter toa thirdoftransitioneconomies,collectingmostofthehouseholdandbusinessindicators .
178 . ICTsectorindicators(ICT1andICT2)areusuallycollectedviaindustrysurveysthatare designed to collect national accountsdata and are therefore not ICT-specific .Unfortunately, the definition of the ICTsector requires data collection at thedetailed (4-digit) industry level and thislevelofdetail isnot requiredfornationalaccountspurposes .Theresultisthatmanycountries are not able to provide ICTsector data and those that do, frequentlycannot provide data according to theinternationalstandarddefinitionoftheICTsector .DataavailabilityfortheICTsectorindicatorsisshowninTable20andrevealssimilarpatterns to theothersurvey-basedindicators .About two thirdsofdevelopedeconomiesareabletoprovidedatafortheICT sector indicators . This reduces forsubsequent levels of development, withnoneoftheleastdevelopedeconomiesabletoprovideeitheroftheindicators .
179 . However, progress has been made in thecollection of the survey-based indicators .Theworkof thePartnership inprovidingstandardized indicators and relatedmetadata has encouraged more countriesto start collection work . The significant
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Chapter 8. Conclusions and future work
workofthepartnersinbuildingcapacityispayingdividendsandwillcontinuetodosointhefuture(seeChapter1foradescriptionoftheseefforts) .1Theworkbeingdoneinsome regions is also very encouraging,especially by countries of LatinAmericaand theCaribbean(seeboxes2and3formoreinformation) .
180 . Clearly, more work is required to betterharmonize the survey-based indicators .Currently, there are several sources ofincompatibility for these indicators; thesecanbeviewedat thesurveyand the item(question) level . Regarding the former,differences in survey scope may have alargeimpact,especiallywherethescopeiseithermuchbroaderornarrower than thescope suggested for the core indicators .Variations in the scope of the ICT sectorwere discussed in Chapter 5 and areparticular problematic . The same issueapplies to business use indicators, wheresurveyscopemayvaryintermsofbusinesssize and/or industry . For householdsurveys, scopedifferences relating to ageofindividualsincludedinthesurveymaybe significant where, for instance, thescopeofaparticularsurveyincludesmorehighlevelusersandfewerlowlevelusers .
181 . Differences in definitions or responsecategories directly affect comparabilityforanumberofindicators .ThosethatareapparentlymostaffectedaretheICTaccessand use indicators involving activities(HH10andB12)andtypeofInternetaccess(HH12 and B9) . For activities responsecategories, there are often differences inwhatisincludedineachcategory .FortheInternetaccessindicators,thereisvariationin how the categories are defined . Aparticularproblemisthatitisstilldifficultfor countries to create categories thatenable the aggregation of Internet accessservices to broadband and narrowband .It should be noted that it is possible tohave narrower response categories thanthoserecommendedaslongastheydonotoverlapthecoreindicatorcategories .2
182 . In Chapter 7, we described the policyinterestintheimpactofICTandoutlinedthecomplexities of its measurement . Clearly,moreworkisrequiredondevelopmentofimpactsconceptsandmeasurementmodelsas well as on data collection .An area ofparticular interest is measurement of theimpact of ICT on business performanceandproductivity .Evidencefromanumberof studies indicates positive effects forbusinesses from using ICT . Efforts byEuropeancountriestodevelopcomparablemodelsformeasuringfirmlevelimpactsofICTatthefirmlevelwillbefollowedwithinterestbythoseinterestedinthisfieldofstatistics .
183 . Onthesocialside,thepictureismuchlessclear .Thereislittlestatisticalinformationavailableandanecdotalevidenceindicatesboth positive and negative impacts forindividualsandsocietythroughgreateruseof individual ICT . An example is accessto broadband, which would usually beconsideredasbeneficialbytheindividualswhouseitforvariouspurposes .However,some of those purposes, such as illegaldownloading of music or movies, arenegativeinabroadersense .Othernegativeeffects are suggested by the 2003 PISAstudy(OECD,2005a)whichfoundthatthehighestperformances inmathematicsandreading were associated with a medium,ratherthanhigh,levelofcomputerusebystudents .
1.3 Recommendations
184 . Closer adherence to the core indicatorsdefinitionsandmethodologicalrecommen-dations would solve a large number ofthe comparability issues that affect thestatistics .Countriesareurgedtocarefullyconsiderthecoreindicatorswhendesigningorre-designingICTsurveys .
185 . Itshouldbenotedthatthecoreindicators,andtheirassociatedmetadata,aresubjecttochange .Someminorchangeshavealreadyoccurred since they were first released at
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theendof2005 .Thesehavemainlybeenduetochangesintechnologies;seeannexes3 and 4 for details . Other changes to thecoreindicatorscouldbeconsidered,basedonchangingpolicyinterestsandcollectionexperiences .Anexampleofthelatteristochange the denominator used to calculatetheICTsectorindicators;thiswasdiscussedinChapter5 .An important consideration,when contemplating changes to the coreindicator concepts and definitions, is howbest to retain the time series value ofexistingdata .
186 . Some changes to the core indicatorswill occur because of other statisticaldevelopments,notably the introductionofISICRev .4andtheCPCVer .2 .ThesewillaffectthedefinitionsoftheICTsectorandICTgoods respectively, therebychangingthedefinitionsofICT1toICT4 .AreviseddefinitionoftheICTsectorbasedonISICRev .4alreadyexists(seeOECD,2007afordetails)butisunlikelytobeimplementedbycountries for some time .AsdiscussedinChapter5, the implementationof ISICRev .4presentsanopportunityforcountriesto re-design their industry statisticsprogramsand,intheprocess,changetheirmeasurementpracticesfortheICTsector .
187 . While most developed economiesincorporateICTstatistics in theirongoingstatisticalprograms,thesamegeneralizationis not true of less developed economies,manyofwhich run surveysonanad hoc
basis .Thisissuboptimalforseveralreasons3and it is suggested that those economiesattempt to incorporate ICT surveys intotheirmainstreamstatisticalprograms .
188 . It isstronglysuggested thatcountriesusethe resources of the Partnership and itspartners to progress development workin ICT statistics . A number of usefulreferences have been discussed in thispublicationandinclude:
• Partnership on Measuring ICT forDevelopment (2005c), Core ICT Indicators, New York/Geneva, http://measuring-ict .unctad .org;
• OECD (2007a), Guide to Measuring the Information Society, Paris, www .oecd .org/ sti/measuring-infoeconomy/guide;
• UNCTAD (2007a), Manual for the Production of Statistics on the Information Economy, Geneva, http://measuring-ict .unctad .org/;and
• Eurostat (2007a), Methodological Manual for Statistics on the Information Society, Survey year 2007 v2.0, Luxembourg, http://europa .eu .int/estatref/info/sdds/en/isoc /isoc_metmanual_2007 .pdf .
189 . The ITU is developing a manual formeasuring household/individual ICTaccess and use, which is expected to bereleasedinthefirsthalfof2008 .
99
Chapter 8. Conclusions and future work
190 . In setting an agenda for the future, thePartnershipisguidedbytheobjectivesofitssecondphase .ImportantamongstthesearetheextensionofthecoreICTindicatorstoincludecoreindicatorsforICTineducation(Chapter 6) and e-government indicators(seebelow) .Thecoreindicators,includingthe proposed education indicators, willbe considered at the 2008 Global Event on Measuring the Information Societyorganized by the Partnership from 27-29May2008inGeneva .
191 . Activities such as capacity-building andprovision of technical resources willcontinue and will probably expand . Inaddition, it is likely that more effortwill be devoted to raising awareness ofthe importance of ICT indicators forpolicymaking .
2.1 Creation of an ICT indicators database
192 . Another important objective of thePartnership is to have an Internet-basedplatform for dissemination of coreindicator data . In 2006, aTask Group onDataDevelopment(TGDD)wasformedtopursuethisobjective .TheTGDDisledbythe World Bank, which had started workonconceptualizingaglobalICTdatabase,withanintendedreleaseaboutmid2008 .
193 . However,thoseplansarenowbeingrevisedinthelightofUNSDdevelopmentworkonadataportalthatwillincludearangeofUNdata,includingtheICTindicatorsfortarget
18of theMillenniumDevelopmentGoals(fixed telephone lines, mobile cellularsubscribersandInternetusers) .Discussionsabout including other core ICT indicatorsintheUNdataportalareplanned .ThemainbenefitstothePartnershipofusingtheUNportalarethegreatervisibilityandtechnicalinfrastructureofferedbysuchaplatform .
2.2 Development of e-government indicators
194 . As discussed in Chapter 1, the currentPartnershipcorelistisnotintendedtobea final list, as it does not cover all areasof the information society . Members ofthe Partnership have agreed to furtherdevelop specific areas including e-government . UNECA has agreed tocoordinate development of e-governmentindicators and leads the Task Group oneGovernment .
195 . Based on various key functions of ICT,the following topics are proposed byUNECAasastartingpointfordefininganexhaustivelistofe-governmentindicatorsforthePartnership:
• Publicsectormanagement;
• Deliveryofpublicservices;
• Legalandjudicialreforms;
• Policy,legalandregulatoryframeworks;
• Strengtheningthecapacityofparliaments;and
• Empoweringlocalauthorities .
2. Future work
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The Global Information Society: a Statistical View
196 . Futureplans are toworkwith theUnitedNations Department of Economic andSocial Affairs (UNDESA) to furtherdevelop the indicators, including theirscope and definitions . UNECA expectstopresent the indicatorsat theAfricanaswell as international levels for review byPartnershipmembersandothers .
2.3 Regional plans
2.3.1 Africa
197 . InevaluatingPhaseIofScan-ICTinAfrica(seeChapter1),regulatorsandstatisticiansfound the process and outcomes usefulforimplementationonalargerscale .Thisfindingconcordswith theoutcomes fromPhase I of WSIS, which urged countriesto regularly review activities related toICTdeployment,developmentanduse .InPhaseIIoftheScan-ICTinitiative,NSOs,national observatories for ICT and ICTministries from participating countrieshave been identified as partner agenciesto undertake country studies . Currently,the programme is being implemented infivecountries:Cameroon,Gambia,Ghana,MauritiusandRwanda .TheultimategoalofScan-ICTistocreateapan-AfricanICTnetwork that would collect, analyse anddisseminateICT4D(ICTfordevelopment)indicators .
298 . Scan-ICT II countries are expected todevelopadocumentonmethodologywhichwillinclude:prioritythemeareas;selectedindicators; data collection and analysis;development of survey instruments;geographical coverage; and publicationand dissemination . In addition, they willdevelopcountryprofileswithbaselinedataandconductqualitativeanalysisonICTuseandimpactintheprioritythemeareas .TheoutcomeswillbepublishedonanationalScan-ICT website and database . Theprocess has been launched with nationalconsultationworkshopsinallparticipatingcountries, which have identified the coreICT4Dindicatorsandmethodology .
199 . InScan-ICTPhase II,UNECAdevelopeda comprehensive framework for thedevelopment of information societymeasurement indicators . A toolkit wasbuilt on the methodology developedas part of the Scan-ICT Phase I pilotproject . It incorporates a framework forthe development of suitable indicators forassessing the status of the development,deployment and use of ICT in Africancountries .
200 . Themethodologyisbasedontheso-called‘CUT’ model4 and incorporates specificframeworksfor:
• Developmentof ICT-related indicatorsfor the ICT sector; services, industryand commerce, agriculture, education,health,andthepublicsector;
• Developing indicators targeted atmeasuringthestatusoftheuseofICTtoimplementapplicationareassuchas:e-government,e-commerce,e-business,e-education,e-healthandtelemedicine;
• Classifying indicators in terms ofICT4D policy focus areas includinginfrastructure development, universalaccess and services, legal andregulatoryinstitutionalframeworksandenvironment;and
• Classifying indicators in terms offeatures of the information andknowledge economy and society (e .g .high income economy dominated bytradinginICTproductsandservices) .
201 . ECA’sAcademiaResearchNetwork(ARN)has developed an evolving and modularconceptualframeworkforimpactindicatorsinAfricancountries .Futureworkwillfocuson implementation of impact indicatorsat country and institution levels in orderto address the basic factors hindering orstimulatingtheuseandimpactofICT .
2.3.2 Latin America and the Caribbean5
202 . The Observatory for the InformationSociety in Latin America and the
101
Chapter 8. Conclusions and future work
Caribbean(OSILAC)iscurrentlycreatingan information system6 designed to storedatafromalltheLACcountriesthatcollectinformation on ICT . It is intended thatthe system will become an instrument toassistnationalandregionalpolicymaking,withtheultimategoalbeingthebenefitofsocietyasawhole .
203 . OSILAC plans to examine the economicandsocialimpactofICTonpeople’slives,andonfirms’organizationaldevelopmentand productivity . Individual countries,through their NSOs, are also performinganalysesofICTaccessanduse(examplesaretheBrazilian,DominicanRepublicandUruguayanstatisticalagencies) .7
204 . The importance of harmonizing variablesand methodologies is recognized . Issuesstill pending include the period to becovered by ICT questions, relevant agebrackets for questions on individual ICTuse, the denominator used to calculateindicators for ICT use (e .g . the wholepopulation or the in-scope population)andthecomparabilityofstatisticalunitsindifferentlydesignedsurveys(inparticular,businesssurveys) .
205 . There is also emphasis on the need toimprove measurement of ICT access anduse in educational institutions, health-careorganizations,andnationalandlocalgovernment institutions . Measurement ofuse in sports institutions, cultural centresand public Internet access establishmentshas been proposed in order to determinethe extent to which individuals are usingtheInternetinpubliclyavailablelocations .
206 . Countries of the region are being urgedto increase measurement of the ICTsector,includingtheimpactofthesector’sproduction on job creation, value added,imports and exports . Some countries arealready taking such steps, with Chile,notably,beingoneoftheveryfewcountriesin the world to compile an ICT satelliteaccount .
207 . A third phase of OSILAC (2008 to2010)will extendworkon ICTstatistics,including:
• Further analysis of determinants for,andimpactsof,ICTaccessanduse;
• Expansion of the on-line informationsystem referred to above, in order tofacilitatepublicaccesstoindicatorsandprojectoutputs;and
• Continuation and expansion ofwork on capacity-building throughmethodologicalguidesandtraining .
208 . OSILAC also has a monitoring role inrespectofpoliciesandprojectsconnectedto the implementation of the RegionalActionPlaneLAC .Itrecentlypresenteditsthirdmonitoringexerciseof theRegionalPoliticalActionPlan(OSILAC,2007),8inanattempttooutlinetheregion’ssituationanddelineate thechallengesremaininginthe area of ICT . The current monitoringmethodologyisbasedonthelessonslearnedinthetwopreviousexercises(HilbertandOlaya,2005;OSILAC,2005) .9
2.3.3 Western Asia and the Arab region
209 . ThestatisticalpublicationRegional Profile of the Information Society in Western Asia(UNESCWA,2007c)willhelpUNESCWAmember countries to monitor progress intheadoptionanduseofICTandtomakecomparisons with other countries in theregion . This should promote cooperationand regional integration opportunities inan increasingly knowledge-based globaleconomy .
210 . UNESCWA is planning a study on theimpactofICToncommunitydevelopmentin UNESCWA member countries . ThestudywillbebasedonmeasurementoftheimpactofICToncommunitydevelopment;itsresultsshouldassistmembercountriestodevelopprogrammesforimprovingICTaccessinruralandremoteareas .Statisticswill be collected via surveys targeting
102
The Global Information Society: a Statistical View
ICTaccesscentresinvariousUNESCWAmembercountries .
211 . A conference, Regional Follow-up on the Outcome of the World Summit on the Information Society, is planned forOctober/November2008 .ThemainaimoftheconferenceistoassessprogressmadeintheimplementationoftheWSISGenevaPlan of Action and Tunis Agenda, theUNESCWAregionalplanofaction(RPoA)forbuildingtheinformationsocietyandtheArabStrategyonICT .Targetswillbesetfornarrowing thedigitaldivide in the regionand revising the RPoA accordingly, forexample,byaddingnewprogrammesand/or projects and strengthening partnershipmechanisms .
212 . UNESCWA is working towardsdevelopmentofawebportalonmeasuringtheinformationsocietyintheUNESCWAregion . The portal is expected to beoperativebymid2008,providingacrucialtooltoassistUNESCWAmembercountriestodefineandcollectICTindicators,buildstatisticalcapacity,follow-uponprogressintheimplementationoftheRPoAandshareexperiences .Theportalwillbeabilingual(EnglishandArabic)anddynamictoolformeasuring progress towards building theinformation society in Western Asia andtheArabRegion .ItwillprovideaccesstoRPoAstatusandpartnerships,informationsociety indicators, publications, country/regional profiles and communications/networkingtools .
Notes1 ThePartnershipactivelyseekscontributionsfromdonorstosupportcapacity-buildingindevelopingcountries .
DonorsinterestedincontactingthePartnershipareinvitedtosendane-mailtoemeasurement@unctad .org .
2 Narrower categories can be aggregated by counting the number of respondents (businesses, households orindividuals)whichundertakeanyoftheactionsofinterest,forinstance,fortheindicator‘businessesusingtheInternetforprovidingcustomerservices’componentcategoriescouldbeusingtheInternetfor‘facilitatingaccesstoon-linecatalogues’,for‘providingaftersalessupport’andfor‘enablingordertracking’ .Theindicator‘businessesusingtheInternetforprovidingcustomerservices’wouldbeconstructedbytakingallrespondentswhodidanyofthose‘componentactivities’ .Thisavoidsthedoublecountingwhichwouldoccurif,forinstance,thenumberundertakingeachactivityweresimplyaddedtogether .
3 ThesearediscussedinUNCTAD’sManual(UNCTAD,2007a) .
4 TheCUTmodelclassifiesICT4Dindicatorsintothreecategories:Capacityindicators:targetedatmeasuringthelevelandtheextentofdevelopmentanddeploymentofICTinfrastructureandrelatedresources;Usageindicators:aimedatassessingandmeasuringtheextentofuseoftheICTinfrastructureandrelatedresourcesbyhouseholds,businessesandgovernmententities;andTransformationorimpactindicators:indicatorstargetedatmeasuringthesocialandeconomicimpactofICTinfrastructureandusewithintheeconomyandsociety .
5 MostofthecontentofthissectionhasbeentakenfromOlaya(2007)andfromaninternalUNECLACdocumentdealingwithaproposedOSILACphaseIII .
6 Seehttp://www .eclac .cl/tic/flash/default .asp?idioma=IN .
7 Seehttp://www .eclac .cl/id .asp?ID=30206 .
8 Seehttp://www .eclac .cl/id .asp?ID=29951 .
9 Seehttp://www .eclac .cl/SocInfo/OSILAC .
103
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AbbreviationsADSL AsymmetricdigitalsubscriberlineCPC CentralProductClassification(UN)DSL DigitalsubscriberlineEDI ElectronicdatainterchangeEU EuropeanUnionGDP Grossdomesticproduct
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The Global Information Society: a Statistical View
GSM GlobalsystemformobilecommunicationsHS HarmonizedSystem(WCO)ICT InformationandcommunicationtechnologyIDRC InternationalDevelopmentResearchCentre(Canada)IP InternetprotocolISDN IntegratedservicesdigitalnetworkISIC InternationalStandardIndustrialClassificationofAllEconomicActivities(UN)ISP InternetserviceproviderITU InternationalTelecommunicationUnionKbit/s KilobitspersecondLAN LocalareanetworkMbit/s MegabitspersecondNACE NomenclatureGeneraledesActivitiesEconomiquesdansL`UnionEuropeenneNAICS NorthAmericanIndustryClassificationSystemNSO NationalstatisticalofficeOECD OrganisationforEconomicCo-operationandDevelopmentSDSL SymmetricdigitalsubscriberlineSME SmallandmediumenterpriseSNA SystemofNationalAccountsUIS UNESCOInstituteforStatisticsUNCTAD UnitedNationsConferenceonTradeandDevelopmentUNECA UnitedNationsEconomicCommissionforAfricaUNECLAC UnitedNationsRegionalCommissionforLatinAmericaandtheCaribbeanUNESCAP UnitedNationsEconomicandSocialCommissionforAsiaandthePacificUNESCO UnitedNationsEducational,ScientificandCulturalOrganizationUNESCWA UnitedNationsEconomicandSocialCommissionforWesternAsiaUNIDO UnitedNationsIndustrialDevelopmentOrganizationUNSC UnitedNationsStatisticalCommissionUNSD UnitedNationsStatisticsDivisionURL UniformresourcelocatorVDSL VeryhighspeeddigitalsubscriberlineWCO WorldCustomsOrganizationWPIIS WorkingPartyonIndicatorsfortheInformationSociety(OECD)WSIS WorldSummit/sontheInformationSocietyWWW (the)WorldWideWeb
107
Bibliography
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Annexes
109
Annex 1 Availability of core ICT indicators
Notes on the Annex1 . ThisannexshowstheavailabilityofthecoreICTindicatorsforindividualeconomies .Notall
of the data which are available are included in the publication (though most are) . Some datawereomittedforstatisticalreasons(forinstance,definitionsofcategoriesorindicatorsdifferedconsiderablyfromthecoreICTindicatorstandards) .
2 . Availabilityisdefinedasknownavailabilityatthetimeofcompilation .Itispossiblethatsomeindicatorsareavailableformoreeconomiesthanshowninthisannex .
3 . Dataarearrangedby‘levelofdevelopment’and‘region’accordingtothe2007versionoftheUNStatisticalDivision’sStandardcountryorareacodesforstatisticaluse,seehttp://unstats .un .org/unsd/methods/m49/m49 .htm .TheclassificationwasrevisedinJanuary2008andisnowslightlydifferentfromtheversionusedinthispublication .Themaindifferencesare:CroatiahasmovedfromDevelopedtoTransitioneconomies,andBulgariaandRomaniahavemovedfromTransitiontoDevelopedeconomies .
4 . Taiwan, China has been added to the UNSD list because some organizations collect relevantinformationforthiseconomy(thenameoftheeconomyfollowsITUpractice) .
5 . NotationusedintheAnnexisasfollows:
A Availableandyearoflatestdata(forexample,A05meansthattheindicatorisavailableinrespectof2005) .PAisusedfortheICTsectorcoreindicators,ICT1andICT2,andindicatesavailabilityforthemanufacturingsectoronly .
NA Apparentlynotavailableinrespectoftheyear2002orlater .
NC Datanotcollectedfromthiseconomybytherelevantagency .
Annex 1 Availability of core ICT indicators
110
The Global Information Society: a Statistical View
Dev
elop
ed e
cono
mie
s
Asia
Japa
nA
06
A06
A
05
NA
A
06
A05
A
05
A06
A
06
A06
A
06
NA
N
A
NA
Euro
pe
Ålan
dIs
land
sN
C
NC
N
C
NC
N
C
NC
N
C
NC
N
C
NC
N
C
NC
N
C
NC
Ando
rra
A05
A
05
NA
N
A
A05
A
05
A06
N
A
NA
A
06
NA
N
A
NA
N
AAu
stria
A
06
A06
A
05
A06
A
06
A05
A
05
A06
A
06
A06
A
06
NA
N
A
NA
Belg
ium
A
06
A06
A
05
A06
A
05
A04
A
05
A06
A
06
A06
A
06
NA
N
A
A05
Ch
anne
lIsl
ands
N
C
NC
N
C
NC
N
C
NC
N
C
NC
N
C
NC
N
C
NC
N
C
NC
Croa
tia
A06
A
06
A05
A
06
A06
A
05
A05
A
06
A06
A
06
A06
N
A
NA
N
ACz
ech
Repu
blic
A
05
A06
A
05
A04
A
06
A05
A
05
A06
A
06
A06
A
06
NA
N
A
NA
Den
mar
kA
06
A06
A
05
A06
A
06
A05
N
A
A06
A
06
A06
A
06
NA
N
A
NA
Esto
nia
A06
A
06
A05
A
06
A06
A
06
A05
A
06
A06
A
06
A06
N
A
A02
/3
NA
Faer
oeIs
land
sA
05
A05
N
A
A04
A
05
A05
A
06
NA
N
A
A06
N
A
NA
A
04
A04
Fi
nlan
dA
06
A06
A
05
A04
A
06
A05
A
05
A06
A
06
A06
A
06
NA
N
A
NA
Fran
ce
A06
A
06
A05
A
06
A06
A
05
A05
A
06
A06
A
06
A06
N
A
NA
A
05
Germ
any
A06
A
06
A05
N
A
A06
A
05
A05
A
06
A06
A
06
A06
N
A
A02
/3
NA
Gibr
alta
rA
04
A04
N
A
NA
N
A
A05
A
04
NA
N
A
NA
N
A
NA
N
A
NA
Gree
ce
A06
A
06
A05
A
06
A06
A
05
A04
A
06
A06
A
06
A06
N
A
NA
N
AGu
erns
ey
NA
A
04
NA
N
A
NA
A
05
NA
N
A
NA
N
A
NA
N
A
NA
N
AHo
lyS
ee
NC
N
C
NC
N
C
NC
N
C
NC
N
C
NC
N
C
NC
N
C
NC
N
CHu
ngar
yA
06
A06
A
05
A06
A
06
A06
A
05
A06
A
06
A06
A
06
NA
N
A
A05
Ic
elan
dA
06
A06
A
05
A06
A
06
A06
A
05
A06
A
06
A06
A
06
NA
N
A
A05
Ire
land
A
06
A06
A
05
A06
A
06
A05
A
05
A06
A
06
A06
A
06
NA
N
A
NA
Isle
ofM
an
NC
N
C
NC
N
C
NC
N
C
NC
N
C
NC
N
C
NC
N
C
NC
N
CIta
ly
A05
A
05
A05
A
04
A06
A
05
A06
A
06
A06
A
06
A06
N
A
NA
N
AJe
rsey
A
06
A04
N
A
NA
N
A
A05
N
A
NA
N
A
NA
N
A
NA
N
A
NA
Latv
ia
A06
A
06
A05
A
06
A06
A
06
A05
A
06
A06
A
06
A06
N
A
NA
N
ALi
echt
enst
ein
A05
A
05
NA
A
04
A05
A
05
NA
N
A
NA
N
A
NA
N
A
NA
A
05
Lith
uani
aA
06
A06
A
05
A06
A
06
A06
A
05
A06
A
06
A06
A
06
NA
N
A
A04
Lu
xem
bour
gA
06
A06
A
05
A06
A
06
A06
A
05
A06
A
06
A06
A
06
NA
N
A
A05
M
alta
A
06
A06
A
05
A06
A
06
A06
A
05
A06
A
06
A06
A
06
NA
N
A
A04
M
onac
oA
05
A05
A
05
NA
A
05
A05
N
A
NA
N
A
NA
N
A
NA
A
02/3
A
05
Net
herla
nds
A05
A
05
A05
A
04
A06
A
05
A05
A
06
A06
A
06
A06
N
A
NA
N
AN
orw
ay
A06
A
06
A05
A
06
A06
A
05
NA
A
06
A06
A
06
A06
N
A
NA
N
A
Avai
labi
lity
of th
e co
re in
dica
tors
on
ICT
infr
astr
uctu
re a
nd a
cces
sLevelofdevelopment,regionandeconomy
A1.Fixedtelephonelinesper100inhabitants
A2.Mobilecellularsubscribersper100inhabitants
A3.Computersper100inhabitants
A4.Internetsubscribersper100inhabitants
A5.BroadbandInternetsubscribersper100inhabitants
A6.InternationalInternetbandwidthperinhabitant
A7.Percentageofpopulationcoveredbymobilecellulartelephony
A8a.Internetaccesstariffs(20hourspermonth),inUS$
A8b.Internetaccesstariffs(20hourspermonth),asapercentageofper capitaincome
A9a.Mobilecellulartariffs(100minutesofusepermonth),inUS$
A9b.Mobilecellulartariffs(100minutesofusepermonth),asapercentageofper capitaincome
A10.PercentageoflocalitieswithpublicInternetaccesscentres(PIACs)bynumberofinhabitants(rural/urban)
A11.Radiosetsper100inhabitants
A12.Televisionsetsper100inhabitants
111
Annex 1 Availability of core ICT indicators
Pola
nd
A06
A
06
A05
A
06
A06
A
05
A05
A
06
A06
A
06
A06
N
A
NA
N
APo
rtug
al
A06
A
06
A05
A
06
A06
A
05
A05
A
06
A06
A
06
A06
N
A
NA
N
ASa
nM
arin
oA
05
A05
A
05
A04
A
05
A05
N
A
NA
N
A
NA
N
A
NA
N
A
A05
Sl
ovak
ia
A06
A
06
A05
A
06
A06
A
06
A05
A
06
A06
A
06
A06
N
A
NA
A
05
Slov
enia
A
06
A06
A
05
A06
A
06
A05
A
05
A06
A
06
A06
A
06
NA
N
A
NA
Spai
nA
06
A06
A
05
A06
A
06
A05
A
05
A06
A
06
A06
A
06
A06
N
A
A04
Sv
alba
rda
ndJ
an
M
ayen
Isla
nds
NC
N
C
NC
N
C
NC
N
C
NC
N
C
NC
N
C
NC
N
C
NC
N
CSw
eden
A
06
A06
A
05
A06
A
06
A05
A
05
A06
A
06
A06
A
06
NA
N
A
NA
Switz
erla
nd
A06
A
06
A05
A
06
A06
A
05
A05
A
06
A06
A
06
A06
N
A
NA
A
05
Unite
dKi
ngdo
mo
fGre
at
Br
itain
and
Nor
ther
nIre
land
A
06
A06
A
05
A06
A
06
A04
A
05
A06
A
06
A06
A
06
NA
N
A
NA
Nor
ther
n Am
eric
a
Berm
uda
A05
A
05
NA
A
05
A05
A
05
A04
N
A
NA
A
06
NA
A
04
NA
N
ACa
nada
A
05
A05
A
05
A04
A
06
A05
A
05
A06
A
06
A06
A
06
NA
N
A
A04
Gr
eenl
and
NA
N
A
NA
N
A
NA
A
05
NA
N
A
NA
A
06
NA
N
A
NA
N
ASa
intP
ierr
ean
dM
ique
lon
NA
N
A
NA
N
A
NA
A
05
NA
N
A
NA
N
A
NA
N
A
A02
/3
NA
Unite
dSt
ates
ofA
mer
ica
A06
A
06
NA
N
A
A06
A
04
A05
A
06
A06
A
06
A06
N
A
NA
N
A
Oce
ania
Aust
ralia
A
06
A06
A
05
A06
A
06
A06
A
05
A06
A
06
A06
A
06
NA
A
05
A05
N
ewZ
eala
nd
A05
A
05
A05
N
A
A06
A
05
A05
A
06
A06
A
06
A06
N
A
NA
A
05
Tran
sitio
n ec
onom
ies
Asia
Arm
enia
A
05
A05
A
05
A04
A
05
A04
A
06
A06
A
06
A06
A
06
NA
N
A
NA
Azer
baija
nA
06
A06
A
05
A04
A
05
A05
A
05
A06
A
06
A06
A
06
NA
N
A
A05
Ge
orgi
aA
06
A06
A
05
A06
A
06
A05
A
06
A06
A
06
A06
A
06
NA
A
02/3
N
AKa
zakh
stan
A
06
A06
N
A
A06
A
06
A06
N
A
A06
A
06
A06
A
06
A06
N
A
NA
Kyrg
yzst
an
A05
A
05
A05
A
05
A05
A
05
A05
A
06
A06
A
06
A06
N
A
NA
A
05
Tajik
ista
nA
05
A05
A
05
NA
A
05
A05
A
06
A06
A
06
A06
A
06
NA
N
A
NA
Turk
men
ista
nA
05
A05
A
05
NA
N
A
A05
A
06
A06
A
06
A06
A
06
NA
N
A
NA
Uzbe
kist
an
A05
A
05
A06
N
A
A05
A
06
NA
A
06
A06
A
06
A06
N
A
NA
A
05
Euro
pe
Alba
nia
A05
A
05
A05
N
A
A05
A
05
A06
A
06
A06
A
06
A06
N
A
A02
/3
NA
Bela
rus
A06
A
06
A05
A
06
A06
A
06
A06
A
06
A06
A
06
A06
N
A
A04
N
ABo
snia
and
Her
zego
vina
A
06
A06
A
05
A06
A
06
A05
A
05
A06
A
06
A06
A
06
NA
N
A
A05
Bu
lgar
ia
A06
A
06
A05
A
06
A06
A
06
A05
A
06
A06
A
06
A06
A
06
NA
N
AM
onte
negr
oA
06
A06
N
A
A06
A
06
A06
A
05
NA
N
A
NA
N
A
NA
N
A
NA
Repu
blic
ofM
oldo
va
A06
A
06
A05
A
06
A06
A
06
A05
A
06
A06
A
06
A06
N
A
A04
A
04
Rom
ania
A
06
A06
A
05
A06
A
06
A06
A
05
A06
A
06
A06
A
06
NA
A
02/3
N
ARu
ssia
nFe
dera
tion
A05
A
05
A05
N
A
A06
A
05
NA
A
06
A06
A
06
A06
N
A
NA
N
ASe
rbia
A
06
A06
A
06
A06
A
06
A06
A
06
NA
N
A
NA
N
A
NA
N
A
A06
Th
efo
rmer
Yug
osla
v
Repu
blic
ofM
aced
onia
A
06
A06
A
05
A06
A
06
A06
A
05
A06
A
06
A06
A
06
NA
N
A
NA
Ukra
ine
A06
A
06
A06
N
A
NA
A
05
A05
A
06
A06
A
06
A06
N
A
NA
N
A
Leve
l of d
evel
opm
ent,
regi
on a
nd e
cono
my
A1
A2
A3
A4
A5
A6
A7
A8a
A8b
A9a
A9b
A10
A11
A12
112
The Global Information Society: a Statistical View
Dev
elop
ing
econ
omie
s
Afric
a
Alge
ria
A06
A
06
A05
N
A
A05
A
05
A05
A
06
A06
A
06
A06
N
A
A02
/3
A05
Bo
tsw
ana
A06
A
06
A05
N
A
A05
A
06
A06
A
06
A06
A
06
A06
N
A
A02
/3
NA
Cam
eroo
nA
05
A05
A
05
NA
A
05
A05
A
05
A06
A
06
A06
A
06
NA
A
02/3
A
05
Cong
oA
05
A05
A
05
A04
N
A
A05
A
05
A06
A
06
A06
A
06
NA
N
A
A05
Co
ted
’Ivoi
re
A06
A
06
A05
A
05
NA
A
05
A06
A
06
A06
A
06
A06
N
A
A02
/3
A05
Eg
ypt
A06
A
06
A05
A
06
A06
A
06
A05
A
06
A06
A
06
A06
A
06
NA
A
05
Gabo
nA
06
A06
A
05
A06
A
06
A06
A
06
A06
A
06
A06
A
06
A06
A
05
A05
Gh
ana
A06
A
06
A05
A
06
A06
A
06
A05
A
06
A06
A
06
A06
N
A
NA
N
AKe
nya
A06
A
06
A05
A
06
NA
A
06
NA
A
06
A06
A
06
A06
N
A
NA
N
ALi
byan
Ara
bJa
mah
iriya
A
06
A06
A
05
A06
N
A
A06
A
06
A06
A
06
A06
A
06
NA
N
A
A04
M
aurit
ius
A06
A
06
A05
A
06
A06
A
06
A05
A
06
A06
A
06
A06
N
A
NA
N
AM
ayot
te
NA
A
04
NA
N
A
NA
A
05
NA
N
A
NA
N
A
NA
N
A
NA
N
AM
oroc
co
A06
A
06
A05
A
04
A05
A
06
A05
A
06
A06
A
06
A06
N
A
NA
A
04
Nam
ibia
A
06
A05
A
05
A04
N
A
A05
A
05
A06
A
06
A06
A
06
NA
A
02/3
N
AN
iger
ia
A06
A
06
A05
N
A
A05
A
05
A05
A
06
A06
A
06
A06
N
A
A05
N
ARé
unio
nN
A
A04
A
04
NA
N
A
A05
N
A
NA
N
A
NA
N
A
NA
A
02/3
N
ASa
intH
elen
aA
05
NA
A
05
A04
A
05
A05
N
A
NA
N
A
NA
N
A
NA
A
05
A05
Se
yche
lles
A06
A
06
A05
A
06
A06
A
06
A05
A
06
A06
A
06
A06
A
06
A02
/3
NA
Sout
hAf
rica
A05
A
05
A05
N
A
A05
A
05
A05
A
06
A06
A
06
A06
N
A
A02
/3
NA
Swaz
iland
A
06
A06
A
05
NA
N
A
A05
N
A
A06
A
06
A06
A
06
NA
A
02/3
N
ATu
nisi
aA
06
A06
A
06
A06
A
06
A06
A
06
A06
A
06
A06
A
06
A06
N
A
A05
W
este
rnS
ahar
aN
C
NC
N
C
NC
N
C
NC
N
C
NC
N
C
NC
N
C
NC
N
C
NC
Zim
babw
eA
06
A06
A
06
A06
A
06
A06
N
A
A06
A
06
A06
A
06
NA
A
05
A06
Asia
Bahr
ain
A06
A
06
A05
A
06
A06
A
05
A06
A
06
A06
A
06
A06
N
A
NA
A
04
Brun
eiD
arus
sala
m
A06
A
06
A05
A
06
A06
A
06
NA
A
06
NA
A
06
NA
N
A
NA
N
ACh
ina
A06
A
06
A05
A
06
A06
A
06
NA
A
06
A06
A
06
A06
N
A
NA
N
ACy
prus
A
06
A06
A
05
A06
A
06
A05
A
05
A06
A
06
A06
A
06
NA
A
02/3
N
AD
emoc
ratic
Peo
ple’
s
Repu
blic
ofK
orea
N
A
NA
N
A
NA
N
A
A05
N
A
NA
N
A
NA
N
A
NA
N
A
NA
Hong
Kon
gSp
ecia
l
Adm
inis
trat
ive
Regi
on
of
Chi
na
A06
A
06
A05
A
06
A06
A
06
A05
A
06
A06
A
06
A06
A
06
NA
A
05
Indi
aA
05
A06
A
05
A06
A
06
A06
A
06
A06
A
06
A06
A
06
NA
N
A
NA
Indo
nesi
aA
06
A06
A
05
NA
A
05
A05
A
05
A06
A
06
A06
A
06
NA
N
A
NA
Iran,
Isla
mic
Rep
ublic
of
A06
A
06
A06
A
06
A05
A
06
A06
A
06
A06
A
06
A06
N
A
A02
/3
NA
Iraq
A04
A
04
NA
N
A
NA
A
05
A06
N
A
NA
A
06
NA
N
A
NA
N
AIs
rael
A
06
A06
A
05
A04
A
06
A05
A
06
A06
A
06
A06
A
06
NA
N
A
NA
Jord
an
A06
A
06
A05
A
06
A06
A
05
A05
A
06
A06
A
06
A06
N
A
NA
A
04
Kuw
ait
A05
A
05
A05
A
04
A05
A
05
A06
A
06
A06
A
06
A06
N
A
NA
A
04
Leba
non
A06
A
06
A05
A
06
A06
A
06
A05
A
06
A06
A
06
A06
N
A
NA
A
05
Mac
aoS
peci
alA
dmin
istr
ativ
e
Regi
ono
fChi
na
A06
A
06
A05
A
06
A06
A
06
A05
A
06
A06
A
06
A06
N
A
A05
A
04
Leve
l of d
evel
opm
ent,
regi
on a
nd e
cono
my
A1
A2
A3
A4
A5
A6
A7
A8a
A8b
A9a
A9b
A10
A11
A12
113
Annex 1 Availability of core ICT indicators
Mal
aysi
aA
06
A06
A
05
A06
A
06
A05
N
A
A06
A
06
A06
A
06
NA
N
A
NA
Mon
golia
A
05
A05
A
05
NA
A
05
A05
N
A
A06
A
06
A06
A
06
A04
A
02/3
A
05
Occ
upie
dPa
lest
inia
nTe
rrito
ry
A05
A
05
A05
A
04
A05
A
05
A05
A
06
A06
A
06
A06
N
A
A02
/3
A04
O
man
A
06
A06
A
05
A06
A
06
A06
A
06
A06
A
06
A06
A
06
NA
A
02/3
N
APa
kist
an
A06
A
06
A05
N
A
A05
A
05
A06
A
06
A06
A
06
A06
N
A
A02
/3
NA
Phili
ppin
es
A06
A
06
A05
A
04
A05
A
05
A05
A
06
A06
A
06
A06
N
A
A02
/3
NA
Qat
ar
A06
A
06
A05
A
06
A06
A
06
A05
A
06
NA
A
06
NA
N
A
NA
A
04
Repu
blic
ofK
orea
A
06
A06
A
05
A06
A
06
A06
N
A
A06
A
06
A06
A
06
NA
N
A
A05
Sa
udiA
rabi
aA
06
A06
A
05
A06
A
06
A06
A
06
A06
A
06
A06
A
06
NA
N
A
A04
Si
ngap
ore
A06
A
06
A05
A
06
A06
A
05
A05
A
06
A06
A
06
A06
A
06
NA
A
05
SriL
anka
A
06
A06
A
05
A06
A
06
A06
A
05
A06
A
06
A06
A
06
NA
N
A
NA
Syria
nAr
abR
epub
lic
A06
A
06
A05
A
06
A06
A
06
A05
A
06
A06
A
06
A06
N
A
NA
N
ATa
iwan
,Chi
na
A06
A
06
A05
A
06
A06
A
06
A05
A
06
NA
A
06
NA
A
06
A05
A
05
Thai
land
A
06
A06
A
05
NA
A
05
A06
A
06
A06
A
06
A06
A
06
NA
N
A
NA
Turk
ey
A06
A
06
A05
A
06
A06
A
06
A05
A
06
A06
A
06
A06
N
A
A02
/3
NA
Unite
dAr
abE
mira
tes
A06
A
06
A05
A
06
A06
A
06
A06
A
06
A06
A
06
A06
N
A
NA
A
04
Viet
Nam
A
05
A06
A
05
A06
A
06
A06
N
A
A06
A
06
A06
A
06
NA
N
A
NA
Latin
Am
eric
a an
d
the
Carib
bean
Angu
illa
A05
A
05
A05
N
A
A05
A
05
NA
N
A
NA
N
A
NA
N
A
NA
N
AAn
tigua
and
Bar
buda
A
05
A05
A
05
NA
A
05
A05
A
06
A06
A
06
A06
A
06
NA
N
A
NA
Arge
ntin
aA
06
A06
A
05
A06
A
06
A06
N
A
A06
A
06
A06
A
06
NA
N
A
A05
Ar
uba
A05
A
05
A05
N
A
A05
A
05
A05
N
A
NA
A
06
NA
N
A
NA
N
ABa
ham
as
A05
A
05
A05
A
04
NA
A
05
A05
A
06
A06
A
06
A06
A
04
NA
N
ABa
rbad
os
A05
A
05
A05
N
A
A05
A
05
A05
A
06
NA
A
06
NA
N
A
A04
A
04
Beliz
eA
06
A06
A
05
A06
A
06
A06
N
A
A06
A
06
A06
A
06
NA
N
A
NA
Boliv
ia
A06
A
06
A05
A
04
A05
A
05
NA
A
06
A06
A
06
A06
N
A
NA
A
05
Braz
ilA
05
A05
A
05
NA
A
05
A05
A
05
A06
A
06
A06
A
06
NA
N
A
NA
Briti
shV
irgin
Isla
nds
A06
N
A
NA
N
A
NA
A
05
NA
N
A
NA
N
A
NA
N
A
NA
N
ACa
yman
Isla
nds
A06
A
04
NA
N
A
NA
A
05
A05
N
A
NA
N
A
NA
N
A
NA
N
ACh
ile
A06
A
06
A05
A
06
A06
A
05
A05
A
06
A06
A
06
A06
N
A
A02
/3
A05
Co
lom
bia
A06
A
06
A05
A
06
A06
A
06
NA
A
06
A06
A
06
A06
A
04
A05
A
05
Cost
aRi
ca
A06
A
06
A05
A
06
A06
A
06
A05
A
06
A06
A
06
A06
A
06
A05
A
05
Cuba
A
06
A06
A
05
A06
N
A
A06
A
05
A06
A
06
A06
N
A
NA
N
A
A05
D
omin
ica
A04
A
04
A04
A
04
NA
A
04
NA
A
06
A06
A
06
A06
N
A
NA
N
AD
omin
ican
Rep
ublic
A
06
A06
A
05
A06
A
06
A06
A
05
A06
A
06
A06
A
06
NA
A
05
A05
Ec
uado
rA
06
A06
A
05
A04
A
05
A06
A
05
A06
A
06
A06
A
06
A04
A
04
A05
El
Sal
vado
rA
06
A06
A
05
A04
A
05
A06
A
05
A06
A
06
A06
A
06
NA
N
A
A05
Fa
lkla
ndIs
land
s(M
alvi
nas)
A
05
A05
A
05
NA
N
A
A05
A
05
NA
N
A
NA
N
A
A06
N
A
NA
Fren
chG
uian
aA
06
A04
A
04
NA
N
A
A05
N
A
NA
N
A
NA
N
A
NA
N
A
NA
Gren
ada
A05
A
05
A04
N
A
NA
A
04
NA
A
06
A06
A
06
A06
N
A
NA
N
AGu
adel
oupe
A
06
A04
A
04
NA
N
A
A05
A
05
NA
N
A
NA
N
A
NA
N
A
NA
Guat
emal
aA
06
A06
A
05
NA
A
05
A05
N
A
A06
A
06
A06
A
06
NA
N
A
A05
Gu
yana
A
05
A05
A
05
A04
A
05
A05
A
05
A06
A
06
A06
A
06
NA
N
A
NA
Hond
uras
A
06
A06
A
05
A06
N
A
A05
N
A
A06
A
06
A06
A
06
NA
N
A
A05
Ja
mai
ca
A05
A
05
A05
N
A
A05
A
05
A05
A
06
A06
A
06
A06
N
A
A02
/3
NA
Mar
tiniq
ue
A06
A
04
A04
N
A
NA
A
05
A05
N
A
NA
N
A
NA
N
A
NA
N
A
Leve
l of d
evel
opm
ent,
regi
on a
nd e
cono
my
A1
A2
A3
A4
A5
A6
A7
A8a
A8b
A9a
A9b
A10
A11
A12
114
The Global Information Society: a Statistical View
Mex
ico
A06
A
06
A05
A
06
A06
A
05
A05
A
06
A06
A
06
A06
A
04
NA
A
04
Mon
tser
rat
A06
A
04
NA
N
A
NA
A
05
NA
N
A
NA
N
A
NA
N
A
NA
N
AN
ethe
rland
sAn
tille
sA
06
A04
N
A
NA
N
A
A05
N
A
NA
N
A
A06
N
A
NA
N
A
NA
Nic
arag
ua
A06
A
06
A05
A
06
A06
A
05
NA
A
06
A06
A
06
A06
N
A
NA
A
05
Pana
ma
A06
A
05
A05
A
04
A05
A
05
A05
A
06
A06
A
06
A06
N
A
NA
A
05
Para
guay
A
06
A06
A
05
A06
A
06
A06
A
06
A06
A
06
A06
A
06
A06
N
A
A05
Pe
ru
A06
A
06
A05
A
06
A06
A
05
NA
A
06
A06
A
06
A06
A
06
NA
N
APu
erto
Ric
oA
05
A05
A
05
NA
A
05
A05
A
05
NA
N
A
NA
N
A
NA
N
A
NA
Sain
tKitt
san
dN
evis
A
04
A04
A
04
NA
N
A
A05
N
A
A06
A
06
A06
A
06
NA
N
A
NA
Sain
tLuc
ia
A06
A
05
A04
N
A
NA
A
05
A05
A
06
A06
A
06
A06
N
A
NA
N
ASa
intM
artin
(Fre
nch
part
)
NC
N
C
NC
N
C
NC
N
C
NC
N
C
NC
N
C
NC
N
C
NC
N
CSa
intV
ince
nta
ndth
e
Gren
adin
es
A06
A
06
A05
A
04
A05
A
06
A04
A
06
A06
A
06
A06
N
A
A05
N
ASa
int-
Bart
héle
my
NC
N
C
NC
N
C
NC
N
C
NC
N
C
NC
N
C
NC
N
C
NC
N
CSu
rinam
eA
06
A06
A
05
A06
A
06
A06
N
A
A06
A
06
A06
A
06
NA
N
A
NA
Trin
idad
and
Tob
ago
A06
A
06
A05
A
06
A06
A
05
NA
A
06
A06
A
06
A06
N
A
NA
N
ATu
rks
and
Caic
osIs
land
sA
04
A04
N
A
A04
N
A
A05
N
A
NA
N
A
NA
N
A
NA
N
A
NA
Unite
dSt
ates
Virg
inIs
land
sA
06
A05
A
05
NA
A
05
A05
N
A
NA
N
A
NA
N
A
NA
N
A
NA
Urug
uay
A06
A
06
A05
A
06
A06
A
05
A04
A
06
A06
A
06
A06
N
A
NA
N
AVe
nezu
ela
(Bol
ivar
ian
Re
publ
ico
f)A
06
A06
A
05
A06
A
06
A05
N
A
A06
A
06
A06
A
06
NA
N
A
A05
Oce
ania
Amer
ican
Sam
oa
A04
A
04
NA
N
A
NA
A
05
NA
N
A
NA
N
A
NA
N
A
NA
A
04
Cook
Isla
nds
A05
A
05
NA
A
05
A05
A
05
NA
N
A
NA
N
A
NA
N
A
A02
/3
A05
Fi
jiA
05
A05
A
05
NA
A
05
A05
A
05
A06
A
06
A06
A
06
NA
A
04
A05
Fr
ench
Pol
ynes
ia
A06
A
06
A05
A
04
A05
A
06
A05
N
A
NA
A
06
A06
A
06
NA
A
05
Guam
N
A
A04
N
A
NA
N
A
A05
N
A
NA
N
A
A06
N
A
NA
N
A
NA
Mar
shal
lIsl
ands
N
A
A04
A
04
NA
N
A
A05
N
A
NA
N
A
A06
A
06
NA
N
A
NA
Mic
rone
sia,
Fed
erat
ed
St
ates
of
A06
A
05
A05
A
04
A04
A
05
NA
N
A
NA
A
06
A06
N
A
A02
/3
A05
N
auru
N
A
NA
N
A
NA
N
A
A05
N
A
NA
N
A
NA
N
A
NA
N
A
NA
New
Cal
edon
ia
A06
A
05
A05
A
04
A05
A
05
NA
N
A
NA
A
06
A06
N
A
A02
/3
A05
N
iue
A06
A
04
NA
N
A
NA
A
05
NA
N
A
NA
N
A
NA
N
A
NA
A
04
Nor
folk
Isla
nd
NA
N
A
NA
N
A
NA
A
05
NA
N
A
NA
N
A
NA
N
A
NA
N
AN
orth
ern
Mar
iana
Isla
nds
NA
A
04
NA
N
A
NA
A
05
NA
N
A
NA
N
A
NA
N
A
NA
N
APa
lau
NA
N
A
NA
N
A
NA
A
05
NA
N
A
NA
N
A
NA
N
A
NA
N
APa
pua
New
Gui
nea
A06
A
06
A05
N
A
NA
A
05
NA
A
06
A06
A
06
A06
N
A
A02
/3
A04
Pi
tcai
rn
NC
N
C
NC
N
C
NC
N
C
NC
N
C
NC
N
C
NC
N
C
NC
N
CTo
kela
uA
04
NA
A
04
NA
N
A
A05
N
A
NA
N
A
NA
N
A
NA
N
A
NA
Tong
aA
06
A06
A
05
NA
A
05
A05
A
04
A06
A
06
A06
A
06
NA
A
02/3
A
05
Wal
lisa
ndF
utun
aIs
land
sA
04
NA
N
A
NA
A
04
A05
N
A
NA
N
A
NA
N
A
NA
N
A
NA
Leas
t dev
elop
ed e
cono
mie
s
Afric
a
Ango
la
A06
A
06
A05
N
A
A04
A
06
NA
A
06
A06
A
06
A06
N
A
A02
/3
NA
Beni
nA
06
A06
A
05
A06
A
06
A06
N
A
A06
A
06
A06
A
06
NA
A
05
A05
Leve
l of d
evel
opm
ent,
regi
on a
nd e
cono
my
A1
A2
A3
A4
A5
A6
A7
A8a
A8b
A9a
A9b
A10
A11
A12
115
Annex 1 Availability of core ICT indicators
Burk
ina
Faso
A
06
A06
A
05
A06
A
06
A06
A
05
A06
A
06
A06
A
06
NA
A
04
A05
Bu
rund
iA
05
A05
A
05
NA
A
04
A05
N
A
A06
A
06
A06
A
06
NA
A
02/3
A
05
Cape
Ver
de
A06
A
06
A05
A
06
A06
A
06
NA
A
06
A06
A
06
A06
N
A
A02
/3
NA
Cent
ralA
fric
anR
epub
lic
A05
A
05
A05
A
04
NA
A
05
NA
A
06
A06
A
06
A06
N
A
A02
/3
A05
Ch
ad
A06
A
06
A05
A
04
NA
A
06
NA
A
06
A06
A
06
A06
N
A
A02
/3
A05
Co
mor
os
A05
A
05
A05
N
A
A05
A
05
NA
A
06
A06
A
06
A06
N
A
A02
/3
A05
D
emoc
ratic
Rep
ublic
of
th
eCo
ngo
A06
A
06
A05
A
06
A06
A
06
A05
A
06
A06
A
06
A06
A
06
A02
/3
A05
D
jibou
tiA
05
A05
A
05
A04
A
05
A05
N
A
A06
A
06
A06
A
06
NA
A
02/3
A
05
Equa
toria
lGui
nea
A05
A
05
A05
N
A
A05
A
05
A05
A
06
A06
N
A
NA
N
A
NA
N
AEr
itrea
A
06
A06
A
05
A06
A
04
A06
N
A
A06
A
06
NA
N
A
NA
A
05
A05
Et
hiop
ia
A06
A
06
A05
A
06
A05
A
05
NA
A
06
A06
A
06
A06
N
A
NA
N
AGa
mbi
aA
06
A06
A
05
NA
A
05
A05
N
A
A06
A
06
NA
N
A
NA
N
A
NA
Guin
ea
A05
A
05
A05
N
A
A04
A
05
NA
A
06
A06
A
06
A06
N
A
A02
/3
A04
Gu
inea
Bis
sau
A05
A
05
A05
N
A
A04
A
06
NA
A
06
A06
A
06
A06
N
A
A02
/3
NA
Leso
tho
A05
A
05
A05
N
A
A05
A
05
A05
A
06
A06
A
06
A06
N
A
A02
/3
NA
Libe
ria
NA
A
05
NA
N
A
NA
A
05
NA
N
A
NA
N
A
NA
N
A
NA
N
AM
adag
asca
rA
06
A06
A
05
A06
A
04
A06
N
A
A06
A
06
A06
A
06
NA
A
02/3
A
05
Mal
awi
A05
A
05
A05
A
04
A05
A
05
NA
A
06
A06
A
06
A06
N
A
A02
/3
A05
M
ali
A06
A
06
A05
A
06
A06
A
06
NA
A
06
A06
A
06
A06
A
06
A02
/3
A04
M
aurit
ania
A
06
A06
A
05
A06
A
06
A06
N
A
A06
A
06
NA
N
A
A06
A
02/3
A
04
Moz
ambi
que
A06
A
06
A05
N
A
A04
A
05
NA
A
06
A06
A
06
A06
N
A
NA
N
AN
iger
A
05
A05
A
05
A04
A
05
A05
A
05
A06
A
06
A06
A
06
NA
A
02/3
A
05
Rwan
da
A06
A
06
A05
A
06
A06
A
06
A05
A
06
A06
A
06
A06
N
A
A02
/3
A04
Sa
oTo
me
and
Prin
cipe
A
06
A06
A
05
A06
A
06
A06
N
A
A06
A
06
A06
A
06
A06
A
02/3
N
ASe
nega
lA
06
A06
A
05
A06
A
06
A06
A
04
A06
A
06
A06
A
06
NA
A
04
A04
Si
erra
Leo
ne
NA
N
A
NA
N
A
NA
A
05
NA
A
06
A06
A
06
A06
N
A
NA
N
ASo
mal
ia
A05
A
05
A05
A
04
A04
A
05
NA
N
A
NA
A
06
NA
N
A
NA
N
ASu
dan
A06
A
06
A05
A
06
A06
A
06
NA
A
06
A06
A
06
A06
N
A
A02
/3
NA
Togo
A
06
A06
A
05
NA
A
04
A06
A
05
A06
A
06
A06
A
06
NA
A
02/3
A
06
Ugan
da
A06
A
06
A05
A
04
A06
A
06
A06
A
06
A06
A
06
A06
N
A
A02
/3
A06
Un
ited
Repu
blic
ofT
anza
nia
A06
A
06
A05
N
A
A04
A
05
NA
A
06
A06
A
06
A06
N
A
A02
/3
NA
Zam
bia
A06
A
06
A05
A
06
A06
A
06
A05
A
06
A06
A
06
A06
N
A
A02
/3
NA
Asia
Afgh
anis
tan
A06
A
06
A05
A
06
A06
A
06
NA
N
A
NA
A
06
A06
N
A
A05
A
06
Bang
lade
sh
A06
A
06
A05
A
06
A04
A
06
A06
A
06
A06
A
06
A06
A
04
NA
A
06
Bhut
an
A05
A
05
A05
A
04
A04
A
05
A06
A
06
A06
A
06
A06
A
04
A04
A
04
Cam
bodi
aA
06
A06
A
05
A06
A
05
A05
N
A
A06
A
06
A06
A
06
NA
N
A
NA
Lao
Peop
le’s
Dem
ocra
tic
Re
publ
ic
A05
A
05
A05
A
04
A05
A
05
A05
A
06
A06
A
06
A06
N
A
NA
N
AM
aldi
ves
A06
A
06
A04
A
06
A06
A
04
A06
A
06
A06
A
06
A06
N
A
NA
N
AM
yanm
ar
A05
A
06
A05
A
06
A06
A
06
NA
A
06
NA
N
A
NA
N
A
A04
A
04
Nep
al
A06
A
06
A05
A
06
A04
A
06
A06
A
06
A06
A
06
A06
A
04
NA
N
ATi
mor
-Les
te
A06
A
06
NA
A
06
A06
A
06
A06
N
A
NA
N
A
NA
A
06
NA
N
AYe
men
A
05
A05
A
05
A04
N
A
A05
A
05
A06
A
06
A06
A
06
NA
N
A
NA
Leve
l of d
evel
opm
ent,
regi
on a
nd e
cono
my
A1
A2
A3
A4
A5
A6
A7
A8a
A8b
A9a
A9b
A10
A11
A12
116
The Global Information Society: a Statistical View
Latin
Am
eric
a an
d th
e
Carib
bean
Haiti
A
05
A05
A
05
A04
A
04
A05
N
A
A06
A
06
A06
A
06
NA
N
A
NA
Oce
ania
Kirib
ati
NA
A
04
A04
N
A
NA
A
05
NA
N
A
NA
A
06
A06
N
A
A02
/3
NA
Sam
oa
A05
A
05
A05
N
A
A05
A
05
NA
A
06
A06
A
06
A06
N
A
A02
/3
A05
So
lom
onIs
land
sA
05
A05
A
05
NA
A
05
A05
N
A
A06
A
06
A06
A
06
NA
A
02/3
A
05
Tuva
lu
A05
A
05
A05
N
A
A04
A
05
NA
N
A
NA
N
A
NA
N
A
NA
N
AVa
nuat
uA
05
A05
A
05
A04
A
05
A05
A
05
A06
A
06
A06
A
06
NA
N
A
A05
Sour
ce: I
TU
Leve
l of d
evel
opm
ent,
regi
on a
nd e
cono
my
A1
A2
A3
A4
A5
A6
A7
A8a
A8b
A9a
A9b
A10
A11
A12
117
Annex 1 Availability of core ICT indicators
Dev
elop
ed e
cono
mie
s
Asia
Japa
nN
AA0
4A0
5A0
5A0
5A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7N
A
Euro
pe
Ålan
dIs
land
sN
CN
CN
CN
CN
CN
CN
CN
CN
CN
CN
CN
CN
CN
CAn
dorr
aN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AAu
stria
N
AA0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7N
ABe
lgiu
m
NA
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
NA
Chan
nelI
slan
ds
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
Croa
tia
A04
A04
A04
NA
A04
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
A04
Czec
hRe
publ
ic
NA
NA
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7N
AD
enm
ark
NA
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
NA
Esto
nia
A04
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
NA
Faer
oeIs
land
sN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AFi
nlan
dN
AA0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7N
AFr
ance
N
AA0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7N
AGe
rman
yN
AA0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7N
AGi
bral
tar
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Gree
ce
NA
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
NA
Guer
nsey
N
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AHo
lyS
ee
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
Hung
ary
A05
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7Ic
elan
dN
AA0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7N
AIre
land
N
AA0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7N
AIs
leo
fMan
N
CN
CN
CN
CN
CN
CN
CN
CN
CN
CN
CN
CN
CN
CIta
ly
NA
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
NA
Jers
ey
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Latv
ia
NA
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
NA
Liec
hten
stei
nN
AN
AN
AN
AA0
2/3
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Lith
uani
aN
AA0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
4Lu
xem
bour
gN
AA0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7N
AM
alta
N
AN
AN
AA0
2/3
A02/
3A0
2/3
A02/
3N
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AM
onac
oN
AA0
2/3
A02/
3A0
2/3
A02/
3N
AA0
2/3
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
A02/
3N
ethe
rland
sN
AA0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7N
AN
orw
ay
NA
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
NA
Avai
labi
lity
of th
e co
re in
dica
tors
on
acce
ss to
, and
use
of,
ICT
by h
ouse
hold
s an
d in
divi
dual
sLevelofdevelopment,regionandeconomy
HH1.Proportionofhouseholdswitharadio
HH2.ProportionofhouseholdswithaTV
HH3.Proportionofhouseholdswithafixedlinetelephone
HH4.Proportionofhouseholdswithamobilecellulartelephone
HH5.Proportionofhouseholdswithacomputer
HH6.Proportionofindividualswhousedacomputer(fromanylocation)inthelast12months
HH7.ProportionofhouseholdswithInternetaccessathome
HH8.ProportionofindividualswhousedtheInternet(fromanylocation)inthelast12months
HH9.LocationofindividualuseoftheInternetinthelast12months
HH10.Internetactivitiesundertakenbyindividualsinthelast12months
HH11.Proportionofindividualswithuseofamobiletelephone
HH12.ProportionofhouseholdswithaccesstotheInternet,bytypeofaccess
HH13.FrequencyofindividualaccesstotheInternetinthelast12months(fromanylocation)
HR1.Proportionofhouseholdswithelectricity
118
The Global Information Society: a Statistical View
Pola
nd
NA
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
NA
Port
ugal
N
AA0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7N
ASa
nM
arin
oN
AN
AN
AN
AA0
4N
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
ASl
ovak
ia
A05
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
NA
Slov
enia
N
AA0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7N
ASp
ain
A05
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
NA
Sval
bard
and
Jan
May
enIs
land
sN
CN
CN
CN
CN
CN
CN
CN
CN
CN
CN
CN
CN
CN
CSw
eden
N
AA0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7N
ASw
itzer
land
N
AN
AN
AN
AA0
6/7
NA
A06/
7A0
6/7
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Unite
dKi
ngdo
mo
fGre
at
Br
itain
and
Nor
ther
n
Irela
nd
NA
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
NA
Nor
ther
n Am
eric
a
Berm
uda
A04
A04
A04
A04
A04
A02/
3A0
4A0
2/3
NA
A02/
3A0
2/3
NA
A02/
3A0
4Ca
nada
A0
5A0
5A0
5A0
5A0
5N
AA0
5A0
5A0
5A0
5N
AA0
5A0
5N
AGr
eenl
and
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Sain
tPie
rre
and
Miq
uelo
nN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AUn
ited
Stat
eso
fAm
eric
aN
AN
AN
AN
AA0
2/3
A05
A02/
3A0
5A0
2/3
A02/
3N
AN
AN
AA0
2/3
Oce
ania
Aust
ralia
N
AN
AN
AA0
2/3
A06/
7A0
2/3
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
NA
A06/
7A0
6/7
NA
New
Zea
land
N
AA0
4A0
4A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
4
Tran
sitio
n ec
onom
ies
Asia
Arm
enia
A0
5A0
4A0
5A0
4A0
4N
AA0
4N
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AAz
erba
ijan
A05
A02/
3N
AA0
2/3
A05
A06/
7A0
2/3
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7N
AA0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
Geor
gia
A04
A04
A04
NA
A04
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
A04
Kaza
khst
an
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Kyrg
yzst
an
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Tajik
ista
nN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
ATu
rkm
enis
tan
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Uzbe
kist
an
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Euro
pe
Alba
nia
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Bela
rus
NA
A06/
7A0
6/7
NA
A06/
7N
AA0
6/7
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
A06/
7Bo
snia
and
Her
zego
vina
N
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
ABu
lgar
ia
NA
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
NA
Mon
tene
gro
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Repu
blic
ofM
oldo
va
NA
A04
A04
NA
A04
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Rom
ania
N
AA0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7N
ARu
ssia
nFe
dera
tion
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Serb
ia
NA
NA
NA
NA
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7N
ATh
efo
rmer
Yug
osla
vRe
publ
ic
of
Mac
edon
ia
A04
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
NA
Leve
l of d
evel
opm
ent,
regi
on a
nd e
cono
my
HH1
HH2
HH3
HH4
HH5
HH6
HH7
HH8
HH9
HH10
HH
11
HH12
HH
13
HR1
119
Annex 1 Availability of core ICT indicators
Ukra
ine
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Dev
elop
ing
econ
omie
s
Afric
a
Alge
ria
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Bots
wan
aA0
4N
AA0
4N
AA0
4N
AA0
4A0
4N
AN
AA0
4N
AN
AN
ACa
mer
oon
A04
A04
A04
A04
NA
NA
A04
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Cong
oA0
5A0
5A0
5N
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
ACo
ted
’Ivoi
re
NA
NA
NA
A02/
3N
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AEg
ypt
A05
A05
A05
NA
A05
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Gabo
nN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AGh
ana
A02/
3A0
2/3
A02/
3A0
2/3
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Keny
aA0
2/3
A02/
3A0
2/3
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Liby
anA
rab
Jam
ahiri
ya
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Mau
ritiu
sN
AA0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
NA
A06/
7A0
6/7
A02/
3M
ayot
te
NA
NA
A02/
3N
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AM
oroc
co
A05
A05
A05
A05
A05
A05
A05
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
NA
A06/
7N
AN
amib
ia
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Nig
eria
A0
4A0
4A0
2/3
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Réun
ion
NA
NA
NA
NA
A04
NA
A04
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Sain
tHel
ena
NA
NA
NA
NA
A04
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Seyc
helle
sN
AA0
5N
AN
AA0
5N
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
ASo
uth
Afric
aA0
4A0
4A0
4A0
4N
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AA0
4Sw
azila
nd
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Tuni
sia
NA
NA
A05
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Wes
tern
Sah
ara
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
Zim
babw
eN
AN
AN
AN
AA0
5N
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
A
Asia
Bahr
ain
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Brun
eiD
arus
sala
m
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Chin
aN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AA0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
NA
A06/
7N
AN
ACy
prus
N
AA0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7N
AD
emoc
ratic
Peo
ple’
s
Repu
blic
ofK
orea
N
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AHo
ngK
ong
Spec
ial
Ad
min
istr
ativ
eRe
gion
ofC
hina
N
AN
AN
AN
AA0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7N
AN
AA0
6/7
NA
Indi
aA0
5A0
5N
AA0
5A0
5N
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AIn
done
sia
A04
A04
A04
NA
A04
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
A02/
3Ira
n,Is
lam
icR
epub
lico
fN
AN
AN
AN
AA0
2/3
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Iraq
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Isra
el
NA
A04
A04
A04
A04
A04
A04
A04
NA
NA
A04
NA
NA
NA
Jord
an
NA
A02/
3A0
2/3
A02/
3A0
2/3
NA
A02/
3N
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AA0
2/3
Kuw
ait
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Leba
non
NA
A04
A04
A04
A04
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
A04
Mac
aoS
peci
al
Ad
min
istr
ativ
eRe
gion
ofC
hina
N
AN
AN
AN
AA0
2/3
A06/
7A0
2/3
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7N
AN
AN
AA0
2/3
Leve
l of d
evel
opm
ent,
regi
on a
nd e
cono
my
HH1
HH2
HH3
HH4
HH5
HH6
HH7
HH8
HH9
HH10
HH
11
HH12
HH
13
HR1
120
The Global Information Society: a Statistical View
Mal
aysi
aN
AN
AN
AN
AA0
4N
AN
AN
AN
AA0
6/7
A04
NA
A06/
7N
AM
ongo
lia
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7N
AA0
6/7
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
A06/
7O
ccup
ied
Pale
stin
ian
Te
rrito
ry
NA
A04
A04
A04
A04
A06/
7A0
4A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7N
AO
man
A0
2/3
A02/
3A0
2/3
A02/
3A0
2/3
A02/
3A0
2/3
A02/
3N
AN
AA0
5N
AN
AA0
2/3
Paki
stan
N
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
APh
ilipp
ines
A0
2/3
A02/
3A0
2/3
A02/
3A0
2/3
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
A02/
3Q
atar
N
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
ARe
publ
ico
fKor
ea
NA
NA
NA
NA
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7N
ASa
udiA
rabi
aN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
ASi
ngap
ore
NA
A02/
3N
AA0
2/3
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7N
AA0
6/7
NA
SriL
anka
N
AN
AN
AN
AA0
4N
AA0
4N
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
ASy
rian
Arab
Rep
ublic
N
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
ATa
iwan
,Chi
na
NA
A02/
3A0
2/3
A02/
3A0
4N
AA0
6/7
A05
A06/
7N
AN
AA0
6/7
NA
NA
Thai
land
N
AN
AA0
5N
AA0
5A0
6/7
A05
A06/
7A0
6/7
NA
A04
A06/
7N
AN
ATu
rkey
N
AA0
5N
AA0
5A0
5A0
5A0
5A0
4N
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AUn
ited
Arab
Em
irate
sN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AVi
etN
am
A02/
3A0
2/3
A04
A04
A02/
3N
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AA0
2/3
Latin
Am
eric
a an
d
the
Carib
bean
Angu
illa
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Antig
uaa
ndB
arbu
da
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Arge
ntin
aN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AAr
uba
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Baha
mas
N
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
ABa
rbad
os
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Beliz
eN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
ABo
livia
A0
5A0
5A0
5A0
5A0
5N
AA0
5N
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AA0
5Br
azil
A05
A05
A05
A05
A05
NA
A05
A05
A05
A05
A05
A05
A05
A05
Briti
shV
irgin
Isla
nds
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Caym
anIs
land
sN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
ACh
ile
NA
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
NA
NA
NA
Colo
mbi
aA0
5A0
5A0
5N
AN
AN
AA0
4N
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
ACo
sta
Rica
A0
5A0
5A0
5A0
5A0
5N
AA0
5A0
5A0
5A0
5A0
5A0
5N
AA0
5Cu
ba
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7N
AA0
6/7
A06/
7D
omin
ica
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Dom
inic
anR
epub
lic
A05
A05
A05
A05
A05
A05
A05
A05
A05
A05
A05
NA
A05
A05
Ecua
dor
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7N
AA0
5A0
6/7
NA
NA
A06/
7N
AN
AA0
6/7
ElS
alva
dor
A04
A04
A05
A05
A05
NA
A05
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
A02/
3Fa
lkla
ndIs
land
s(M
alvi
nas)
N
AN
AN
AN
AA0
2/3
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Fren
chG
uian
aN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AGr
enad
aN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AGu
adel
oupe
N
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AGu
atem
ala
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Guya
na
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Hond
uras
A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
NA
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7N
AN
AA0
6/7
Jam
aica
N
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
A
Leve
l of d
evel
opm
ent,
regi
on a
nd e
cono
my
HH1
HH2
HH3
HH4
HH5
HH6
HH7
HH8
HH9
HH10
HH
11
HH12
HH
13
HR1
121
Annex 1 Availability of core ICT indicators
Mar
tiniq
ue
NA
NA
NA
NA
A02/
3N
AA0
2/3
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Mex
ico
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A05
NA
A06/
7N
AM
onts
erra
tN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
ethe
rland
sAn
tille
sN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
icar
agua
N
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
APa
nam
aA0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
NA
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7N
AN
AA0
6/7
Para
guay
A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
NA
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
NA
NA
NA
A06/
7Pe
ru
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7N
AA0
6/7
A02/
3N
AN
AN
AN
AN
AA0
6/7
Puer
toR
ico
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Sain
tKitt
san
dN
evis
N
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
ASa
intL
ucia
N
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
ASa
intM
artin
(Fre
nch
part
)
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
Sain
tVin
cent
and
the
Gr
enad
ines
N
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
ASa
int-
Bart
héle
my
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
Surin
ame
NA
NA
A04
A04
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
A04
Trin
idad
and
Tob
ago
NA
NA
NA
A05
A05
A02/
3A0
5A0
5N
AN
AA0
5N
AN
AN
ATu
rks
and
Caic
osIs
land
sN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AUn
ited
Stat
esV
irgin
Isla
nds
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Urug
uay
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7N
AA0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7N
AN
AA0
6/7
NA
Vene
zuel
a(B
oliv
aria
n
Repu
blic
of)
A05
A05
A06/
7A0
5A0
5N
AA0
6/7
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
A06/
7
Oce
ania
Amer
ican
Sam
oa
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Cook
Isla
nds
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Fiji
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Fren
chP
olyn
esia
N
AN
AN
AN
AA0
4N
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AGu
am
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Mar
shal
lIsl
ands
N
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AM
icro
nesi
a,F
eder
ated
Stat
eso
fN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
auru
N
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
ewC
aled
onia
N
AN
AA0
2/3
A02/
3N
AN
AA0
2/3
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Niu
eN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
orfo
lkIs
land
N
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
orth
ern
Mar
iana
Isla
nds
A02/
3N
AA0
2/3
NA
A02/
3N
AA0
2/3
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Pala
uN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
APa
pua
New
Gui
nea
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Pitc
airn
N
CN
CN
CN
CN
CN
CN
CN
CN
CN
CN
CN
CN
CN
CTo
kela
uN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
ATo
nga
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Wal
lisa
ndF
utun
aIs
land
sN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
A
Leas
t dev
elop
ed e
cono
mie
s
Afric
a
Ango
la
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Leve
l of d
evel
opm
ent,
regi
on a
nd e
cono
my
HH1
HH2
HH3
HH4
HH5
HH6
HH7
HH8
HH9
HH10
HH
11
HH12
HH
13
HR1
122
The Global Information Society: a Statistical View
Beni
nN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
ABu
rkin
aFa
so
A02/
3A0
2/3
A02/
3N
AA0
2/3
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Buru
ndi
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Cape
Ver
de
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Cent
ralA
fric
anR
epub
lic
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Chad
A0
4A0
4A0
4N
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
ACo
mor
os
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Dem
ocra
ticR
epub
lico
f
the
Cong
oN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AD
jibou
tiN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AEq
uato
rialG
uine
aN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AEr
itrea
A0
2/3
A02/
3A0
2/3
NA
A05
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Ethi
opia
A0
5A0
5A0
5N
AN
AN
AA0
4N
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AGa
mbi
aN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AGu
inea
A0
5A0
5A0
5N
AA0
2/3
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Guin
eaB
issa
uN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
ALe
soth
oA0
4A0
4A0
4N
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
ALi
beria
N
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AM
adag
asca
rA0
2/3
A02/
3A0
2/3
NA
A04
NA
A04
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Mal
awi
A04
A04
A04
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Mal
iN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AM
aurit
ania
N
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AM
ozam
biqu
eA0
2/3
A02/
3A0
2/3
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Nig
er
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Rwan
da
A05
A05
A04
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Sao
Tom
ean
dPr
inci
pe
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Sene
gal
A05
A05
A05
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Sier
raL
eone
N
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
ASo
mal
ia
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Suda
nA0
5A0
5N
AN
AA0
5N
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
ATo
go
NA
NA
NA
NA
A02/
3N
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AUg
anda
A0
2/3
A02/
3A0
2/3
A02/
3A0
4N
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AUn
ited
Repu
blic
ofT
anza
nia
A04
A04
A04
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
A04
Zam
bia
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Asia
Afgh
anis
tan
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
A05
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Bang
lade
sh
A04
A04
A04
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
A04
Bhut
an
A02/
3A0
2/3
NA
NA
A04
NA
A02/
3A0
2/3
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Cam
bodi
aN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
ALa
oPe
ople
’sD
emoc
ratic
Repu
blic
N
AN
AN
AN
AA0
2/3
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Mal
dive
sA0
5A0
6/7
A05
A06/
7A0
6/7
NA
A06/
7N
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AM
yanm
ar
NA
NA
NA
NA
A02/
3N
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
epal
N
AN
AA0
2/3
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
A02/
3Ti
mor
-Les
te
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Yem
en
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Leve
l of d
evel
opm
ent,
regi
on a
nd e
cono
my
HH1
HH2
HH3
HH4
HH5
HH6
HH7
HH8
HH9
HH10
HH
11
HH12
HH
13
HR1
123
Annex 1 Availability of core ICT indicators
Latin
Am
eric
a an
d
the
Carib
bean
Haiti
N
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
A
Oce
ania
Kirib
ati
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Sam
oa
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Solo
mon
Isla
nds
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Tuva
lu
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Vanu
atu
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Sour
ce: I
TU a
nd E
uros
tat (
extra
cted
from
30
Nov
embe
r 200
7 ve
rsio
n).
Leve
l of d
evel
opm
ent,
regi
on a
nd e
cono
my
HH1
HH2
HH3
HH4
HH5
HH6
HH7
HH8
HH9
HH10
HH
11
HH12
HH
13
HR1
124
The Global Information Society: a Statistical View
Dev
elop
ed e
cono
mie
s
Asia
Japa
nN
AN
AA0
5N
AA0
5A0
5A0
5A0
5A0
5A0
5A0
5N
A
Euro
pe Ålan
dIs
land
sN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AAn
dorr
aN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AAu
stria
A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7Be
lgiu
m
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
Chan
nelI
slan
ds
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Croa
tia
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Czec
hRe
publ
ic
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
Den
mar
kA0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7Es
toni
aA0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7Fa
eroe
Isla
nds
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Finl
and
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
Fran
ce
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7N
AA0
6/7
A06/
7Ge
rman
yA0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7Gi
bral
tar
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Gree
ce
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
Guer
nsey
N
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AHo
lyS
ee
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Hung
ary
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
Icel
and
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
Irela
nd
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
Isle
ofM
an
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Italy
A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7Je
rsey
N
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
ALa
tvia
A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7Li
echt
enst
ein
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Lith
uani
aA0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7Lu
xem
bour
gA0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7M
alta
A0
5N
AA0
6/7
NA
A06/
7A0
5A0
5A0
5A0
5N
AA0
5A0
5M
onac
oN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
ethe
rland
sA0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7N
orw
ay
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
Avai
labi
lity
of th
e co
re in
dica
tors
on
use
of IC
T by
bus
ines
ses
Levelofdevelopment,regionandeconomy
B1.Proportionofbusinesesusingcomputers
B2.Proportionofemployeesusingcomputers
B3.ProportionofbusinesesusingtheInternet
B4.ProportionofemployeesusingtheInternet
B5.ProportionofbusineseswithaWebpresence
B6.Proportionofbusineseswithanintranet
B7.ProportionofbusinesesreceivingordersovertheInternet
B8.ProportionofbusinesesplacingordersovertheInternet
B9.ProportionofbusinessesusingtheInternetbytypeofaccess
B10.ProportionofbusineseswithaLocalAreaNetwork(LAN)
B11.Proportionofbusineseswithanextranet
B12.ProportionofbusinessesusingtheInternetbytypeofactivity
125
Annex 1 Availability of core ICT indicators
Leve
l of d
evel
opm
ent,
regi
on
and
econ
omy
B1
B2
B3
B4
B5
B6
B7
B8
B9
B10
B11
B12
Pola
nd
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
Port
ugal
A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7Sa
nM
arin
oN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
ASl
ovak
ia
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
Slov
enia
A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7Sp
ain
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
Sval
bard
and
Jan
May
en
Isla
nds
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Swed
en
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
Switz
erla
nd
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
Unite
dKi
ngdo
mo
fGre
at
Brita
ina
ndN
orth
ern
Irela
nd
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
Nor
ther
n Am
eric
a
Berm
uda
A05
A05
A05
A05
A05
NA
A05
A05
NA
NA
NA
NA
Cana
da
NA
NA
A06/
7N
AA0
6/7
NA
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7N
AA0
6/7
A06/
7Gr
eenl
and
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Sain
tPie
rre
and
Miq
uelo
nN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AUn
ited
Stat
eso
fAm
eric
aN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
A
Oce
ania
Aust
ralia
A0
5N
AA0
5N
AA0
5N
AA0
5A0
5A0
5N
AN
AA0
5N
ewZ
eala
nd
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
Tran
sitio
n ec
onom
ies
Asia
Arm
enia
N
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AAz
erba
ijan
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
5N
AN
AA0
6/7
A06/
7A0
5A0
6/7
Geor
gia
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Kaza
khst
an
A05
NA
A05
NA
A05
NA
A05
A05
NA
A05
NA
A05
Kyrg
yzst
an
NA
NA
A05
NA
A05
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Tajik
ista
nN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
ATu
rkm
enis
tan
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Uzbe
kist
an
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Euro
pe
Alba
nia
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Bela
rus
A05
NA
A05
NA
A05
NA
NA
NA
NA
A05
NA
NA
Bosn
iaa
ndH
erze
govi
na
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Bulg
aria
A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7M
onte
negr
oN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
ARe
publ
ico
fMol
dova
N
AN
AN
AN
AA0
2/3
NA
NA
NA
NA
A02/
3N
AN
ARo
man
ia
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
Russ
ian
Fede
ratio
nA0
5A0
5A0
5A0
5A0
5N
AA0
5A0
5N
AA0
5N
AA0
5Se
rbia
A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7Th
efo
rmer
Yug
osla
v
Repu
blic
ofM
aced
onia
N
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AUk
rain
eN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
A
126
The Global Information Society: a Statistical View
Dev
elop
ing
econ
omie
s
Afric
a
Alge
ria
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Bots
wan
aN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
ACa
mer
oon
A05
NA
A05
NA
A05
A05
NA
NA
A05
A05
A05
A05
Cong
oN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
ACo
ted
’Ivoi
re
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Egyp
tA0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7Ga
bon
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Ghan
aN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AKe
nya
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Liby
anA
rab
Jam
ahiri
ya
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Mau
ritiu
sA0
6/7
NA
A06/
7N
AA0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
NA
NA
NA
May
otte
N
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AM
oroc
co
NA
NA
A05
A05
A05
A05
A05
A05
A05
NA
NA
A05
Nam
ibia
N
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
iger
ia
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Réun
ion
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Sain
tHel
ena
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Seyc
helle
sN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
ASo
uth
Afric
aN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
ASw
azila
nd
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Tuni
sia
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Wes
tern
Sah
ara
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
Zim
babw
eN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
A
Asia
Bahr
ain
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Brun
eiD
arus
sala
m
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Chin
aN
AN
AA0
5N
AA0
5N
AA0
5A0
5A0
5A0
5N
AA0
5Cy
prus
A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7D
emoc
ratic
Peo
ple’
sRe
publ
ic
ofK
orea
N
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AHo
ngK
ong
Spec
ial
Ad
min
istr
ativ
eRe
gion
ofC
hina
A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7In
dia
A02/
3N
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AIn
done
sia
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Iran,
Isla
mic
Rep
ublic
of
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Iraq
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Isra
el
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Jord
an
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Kuw
ait
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Leba
non
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Mac
aoS
peci
alA
dmin
istr
ativ
e
Regi
ono
fChi
na
A02/
3N
AA0
2/3
NA
A02/
3N
AA0
2/3
A02/
3A0
2/3
NA
NA
A02/
3M
alay
sia
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Leve
l of d
evel
opm
ent,
regi
on
and
econ
omy
B1
B2
B3
B4
B5
B6
B7
B8
B9
B10
B11
B12
127
Annex 1 Availability of core ICT indicators
Mon
golia
N
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AO
ccup
ied
Pale
stin
ian
Terr
itory
N
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AO
man
N
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
APa
kist
an
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Phili
ppin
es
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Qat
ar
A05
A05
A05
A05
A05
A05
A05
A05
NA
NA
NA
NA
Repu
blic
ofK
orea
A0
5N
AA0
5N
AA0
5A0
5A0
5A0
5A0
5A0
5N
AA0
5Sa
udiA
rabi
aN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
ASi
ngap
ore
A06/
7N
AA0
6/7
NA
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
SriL
anka
N
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
ASy
rian
Arab
Rep
ublic
N
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
ATa
iwan
,Chi
na
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
Thai
land
A0
6/7
NA
A06/
7N
AA0
6/7
NA
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7N
AN
AA0
6/7
Turk
ey
A05
A05
A05
A05
A05
A05
NA
NA
A05
NA
NA
A05
Unite
dAr
abE
mira
tes
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Viet
Nam
A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7N
AN
AN
AN
AN
AA0
6/7
NA
NA
Latin
Am
eric
a an
d
the
Carib
bean
Angu
illa
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Antig
uaa
ndB
arbu
da
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Arge
ntin
aPA
05
PA05
PA
05
A05
A05
A05
A05
A05
A05
A05
A05
A05
Arub
aN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
ABa
ham
as
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Barb
ados
N
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
ABe
lize
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Boliv
ia
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Braz
ilA0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7Br
itish
Virg
inIs
land
sN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
ACa
yman
Isla
nds
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Chile
PA
05
NA
PA05
N
AA0
5N
AA0
5A0
5A0
5A0
5A0
5A0
5Co
lom
bia
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Cost
aRi
ca
A04
NA
A04
NA
A04
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
A04
Cuba
A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
NA
NA
NA
Dom
inic
aN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AD
omin
ican
Rep
ublic
N
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AEc
uado
rN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AEl
Sal
vado
rN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AFa
lkla
ndIs
land
s(M
alvi
nas)
N
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AFr
ench
Gui
ana
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Gren
ada
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Guad
elou
pe
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Guat
emal
aN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AGu
yana
N
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AHo
ndur
as
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Jam
aica
N
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AM
artin
ique
N
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AM
exic
oA0
2/3
NA
A02/
3N
AA0
2/3
NA
NA
NA
NA
A02/
3N
AN
A
Leve
l of d
evel
opm
ent,
regi
on
and
econ
omy
B1
B2
B3
B4
B5
B6
B7
B8
B9
B10
B11
B12
128
The Global Information Society: a Statistical View
Mon
tser
rat
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Net
herla
nds
Antil
les
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Nic
arag
ua
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Pana
ma
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
NA
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7A0
6/7
A06/
7Pa
ragu
ay
NA
NA
A02/
3N
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AA0
2Pe
ru
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Puer
toR
ico
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Sain
tKitt
san
dN
evis
N
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
ASa
intL
ucia
N
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
ASa
intM
artin
(Fre
nch
part
)
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Sain
tVin
cent
and
the
Gr
enad
ines
N
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
ASa
int-
Bart
héle
my
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Surin
ame
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Trin
idad
and
Tob
ago
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Turk
san
dCa
icos
Isla
nds
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Unite
dSt
ates
Virg
inIs
land
sN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AUr
ugua
yN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AVe
nezu
ela
(Bol
ivar
ian
Re
publ
ico
f)N
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
A
Oce
ania
Amer
ican
Sam
oa
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Cook
Isla
nds
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Fiji
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Fren
chP
olyn
esia
N
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AGu
am
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Mar
shal
lIsl
ands
N
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AM
icro
nesi
a,F
eder
ated
Sta
tes
of
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Nau
ru
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
New
Cal
edon
ia
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Niu
eN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
orfo
lkIs
land
N
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
orth
ern
Mar
iana
Isla
nds
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Pala
uN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
APa
pua
New
Gui
nea
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Pitc
airn
N
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
ATo
kela
uN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
ATo
nga
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Wal
lisa
ndF
utun
aIs
land
sN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
A
Leas
t dev
elop
ed e
cono
mie
s
Afric
a
Ango
la
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Beni
nN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
ABu
rkin
aFa
so
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Buru
ndi
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Cape
Ver
de
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Leve
l of d
evel
opm
ent,
regi
on
and
econ
omy
B1
B2
B3
B4
B5
B6
B7
B8
B9
B10
B11
B12
129
Annex 1 Availability of core ICT indicators
Cent
ralA
fric
anR
epub
lic
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Chad
N
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
ACo
mor
os
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Dem
ocra
ticR
epub
lico
fthe
Con
go
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Djib
outi
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Equa
toria
lGui
nea
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Eritr
ea
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Ethi
opia
N
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AGa
mbi
aN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AGu
inea
N
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AGu
inea
Bis
sau
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Leso
tho
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Libe
ria
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Mad
agas
car
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Mal
awi
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Mal
iN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AM
aurit
ania
N
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AM
ozam
biqu
eN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
iger
N
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
ARw
anda
N
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
ASa
oTo
me
and
Prin
cipe
N
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
ASe
nega
lN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
ASi
erra
Leo
ne
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Som
alia
N
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
ASu
dan
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Togo
N
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AUg
anda
N
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AUn
ited
Repu
blic
ofT
anza
nia
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Zam
bia
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Asia
Afgh
anis
tan
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Bang
lade
sh
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Bhut
an
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Cam
bodi
aN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
ALa
oPe
ople
’sD
emoc
ratic
Rep
ublic
N
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AM
aldi
ves
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Mya
nmar
N
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
epal
N
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
ATi
mor
-Les
te
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Yem
en
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Latin
Am
eric
a an
d
the
Carib
bean
Haiti
N
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
AN
A
Oce
ania
Kirib
ati
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Leve
l of d
evel
opm
ent,
regi
on
and
econ
omy
B1
B2
B3
B4
B5
B6
B7
B8
B9
B10
B11
B12
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The Global Information Society: a Statistical View
Sam
oa
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Solo
mon
Isla
nds
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Tuva
lu
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Vanu
atu
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Sour
ce: U
NC
TAD
and
Eur
osta
t (ex
tract
ed fr
om 7
Dec
embe
r 200
7 ve
rsio
n).
Leve
l of d
evel
opm
ent,
regi
on
and
econ
omy
B1
B2
B3
B4
B5
B6
B7
B8
B9
B10
B11
B12
131
Annex 1 Availability of core ICT indicators
Developed economies
Asia
Japan A05 A05 A06 A06
Europe
ÅlandIslands NA NA NC NCAndorra NA NA A04 A04Austria A04 A04 A06 A06Belgium A04 A04 A06 A06ChannelIslands NA NA NC NCCroatia PA04 NA A06 A06CzechRepublic A04 A04 A06 A06Denmark A04 A04 A06 A06Estonia A04 A04 A06 A06FaeroeIslands NA NA A06 A06Finland A04 A04 A06 A06France A04 A04 A06 A06Germany A04 A04 A06 A06Gibraltar NA NA NC NCGreece A04 A04 A06 A06Guernsey NA NA NC NCHolySee NA NA NC NCHungary A04 A04 A06 A06Iceland A05 A05 A06 A06Ireland A04 A04 A06 A06IsleofMan NA NA NC NCItaly A04 A04 A06 A06Jersey NA NA NC NCLatvia A05 A05 A06 A06Liechtenstein NA NA NC NCLithuania A04 A04 A06 A06Luxembourg A02/3 A02/3 A06 A06Malta A02/3 A02/3 A06 A06Monaco NA NA NC NCNetherlands A04 A04 A06 A06Norway A04 A04 A06 A06Poland A04 A04 A06 A06Portugal A04 A04 A06 A06SanMarino NA NA NC NCSlovakia A04 A04 A06 A06Slovenia A04 A04 A06 A06Spain A04 A05 A06 A06SvalbardandJanMayenIslands NA NA NC NCSweden A04 A04 A06 A06Switzerland NA NA A06 A06UnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland A04 A05 A06 A06
Northern America
Bermuda A05 A05 NA NACanada A05 A02/3 A06 A06Greenland NA NA A02/3 A02/3SaintPierreandMiquelon NA NA NA NAUnitedStatesofAmerica A06 A06 A06 A06
Oceania
Australia A05 A05 A06 A06NewZealand A06 A05 A06 A06
Transition economies
Asia
Armenia NA NA A06 A06Azerbaijan PA04 NA A06 A06Georgia NA NA A06 A06Kazakhstan A05 NA A06 A06
Availability of the core indicators on the ICT sector and trade in ICT goods
Levelofdevelopment, ICT1.Proportionoftotal ICT2.Valueaddedinthe ICT3.ICTgoodsimports ICT4.ICTgoodsexportsregionandeconomy businesssectorworkforce ICTsector(asapercentage asapercentageof asapercentageof involvedintheICTsector oftotalbusinesssector totalimports totalexports valueadded).
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The Global Information Society: a Statistical View
Kyrgyzstan PA04 NA A06 A06Tajikistan NA NA NA NATurkmenistan NA NA NA NAUzbekistan NA NA NA NA
Europe
Albania NA NA A06 A06Belarus NA NA A06 A06BosniaandHerzegovina NA NA A06 A06Bulgaria PA04 PA04 A06 A06Montenegro NA NA NC NCRepublicofMoldova NA NA A06 A06Romania A05 A05 A06 A06RussianFederation A05 A05 A06 A06Serbia NA NA A06 A06TheformerYugoslavRepublicofMacedonia NA NA A06 A06Ukraine PA02/3 NA A06 A06
Developing economies
Africa
Algeria NA NA A06 A06Botswana NA NA A06 A06Cameroon NA NA A06 A06Congo NA NA NA NACoted’Ivoire NA NA A06 A06Egypt PA02/3 NA A05 A05Gabon NA NA A06 A06Ghana NA NA A06 A06Kenya NA NA A04 A04LibyanArabJamahiriya NA NA NA NAMauritius A06 A06 A06 A06Mayotte NA NA A06 A06Morocco PA04 PA04 A06 A06Namibia NA NA A06 A06Nigeria NA NA A02/3 A02/3Réunion NA NA NC NCSaintHelena NA NA NC NCSeychelles NA NA A06 A06SouthAfrica PA02/3 NA A06 A06Swaziland NA NA A05 A05Tunisia NA NA A05 A05WesternSahara NC NC NC NCZimbabwe NA NA A05 A05
Asia
Bahrain NA NA A06 A06BruneiDarussalam NA NA A06 A06China NA NA A06 A06Cyprus A05 A05 A06 A06DemocraticPeople’sRepublicofKorea NA NA NA NAHongKongSpecialAdministrativeRegionofChina A04 A04 A06 A06India PA02/3 PA02/3 A06 A06Indonesia PA02/3 PA02/3 A06 A06Iran,IslamicRepublicof PA02/3 PA02/3 A06 A06Iraq NA NA NA NAIsrael A06 A06 A06 A06Jordan NA NA A06 A06Kuwait NA NA NA NALebanon NA NA A04 A04MacaoSpecialAdministrativeRegionofChina NA NA A06 A06Malaysia A04 NA A06 A06Mongolia NA NA A06 A06OccupiedPalestinianTerritory NA NA NC NCOman NA NA A06 A06Pakistan NA NA A06 A06Philippines NA NA A06 A06Qatar NA NA A06 A06
Level of development, region and economy ICT1 ICT2 ICT3 ICT4
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Annex 1 Availability of core ICT indicators
RepublicofKorea A02/3 PA02/3 A06 A06SaudiArabia NA NA A06 A06Singapore PA02/3 PA02/3 A06 A06SriLanka NA NA A05 A05SyrianArabRepublic NA NA A06 A06Taiwan,China NC NC A06 A06Thailand A06 NA A06 A06Turkey NA NA A06 A06UnitedArabEmirates NA NA NA NAVietNam NA NA A05 A05
Latin America and the Caribbean
Anguilla NA NA A04 A04AntiguaandBarbuda NA NA A05 A05Argentina NA NA A06 A06Aruba NA NA A04 A04Bahamas NA NA NA NABarbados NA NA A06 A06Belize NA NA A06 A06Bolivia NA NA A06 A06Brazil A04 NA A06 A06BritishVirginIslands NA NA NC NCCaymanIslands NA NA NC NCChile A05 A05 A06 A06Colombia NA NA A06 A06CostaRica NA NA A06 A06Cuba A06 A06 A04 A04Dominica NA NA A06 A06DominicanRepublic NA NA NA NAEcuador NA NA A06 A06ElSalvador NA NA A06 A06FalklandIslands(Malvinas) NA NA NC NCFrenchGuiana NA NA NC NCGrenada NA NA A05 A05Guadeloupe NA NA NC NCGuatemala NA NA A06 A06Guyana NA NA A06 A06Honduras NA NA A06 A06Jamaica NA NA A06 A06Martinique NA NA NC NCMexico NA NA A06 A06Montserrat NA NA A06 A06NetherlandsAntilles NA NA NA NANicaragua NA NA A06 A06Panama A06 NA A06 A06Paraguay NA NA A06 A06Peru NA NA A06 A06PuertoRico NA NA NC NCSaintKittsandNevis NA NA A06 A06SaintLucia NA NA A05 A05SaintMartin(Frenchpart) NA NA NC NCSaintVincentandtheGrenadines NA NA A06 A06Saint-Barthélemy NA NA NC NCSuriname NA NA A05 NATrinidadandTobago NA NA A06 A06TurksandCaicosIslands NA NA A04 A04UnitedStatesVirginIslands NA NA NC NCUruguay NA NA A06 A06Venezuela(BolivarianRepublicof) NA NA A06 A06
Oceania
AmericanSamoa NA NA NA NACookIslands NA NA A05 NAFiji NA NA A06 A06FrenchPolynesia NA NA A06 A06Guam NA NA NA NAMarshallIslands NA NA NA NAMicronesia,FederatedStatesof NA NA NA NANauru NA NA NA NANewCaledonia NA NA A06 A06
Level of development, region and economy ICT1 ICT2 ICT3 ICT4
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The Global Information Society: a Statistical View
Niue NA NA NA NCNorfolkIsland NA NA NC NCNorthernMarianaIslands NA NA NC NCPalau NA NA NC NCPapuaNewGuinea NA NA A02/3 A02/3Pitcairn NA NA NC NCTokelau NA NA NA NATonga NA NA NA NAWallisandFutunaIslands NA NA A02/3 NA
Least developed economies
Africa
Angola NA NA NA NABenin NA NA A05 A05BurkinaFaso NA NA A04 A04Burundi NA NA A05 A05CapeVerde NA NA A06 A06CentralAfricanRepublic NA NA A05 A05Chad NA NA NA NAComoros NA NA NA NADemocraticRepublicoftheCongo NA NA NA NADjibouti NA NA NA NAEquatorialGuinea NA NA NA NAEritrea NA NA A02/3 A02/3Ethiopia NA NA A06 A06Gambia NA NA A06 A06Guinea NA NA A02/3 A02/3GuineaBissau NA NA NA NALesotho NA NA A02/3 A02/3Liberia NA NA NA NAMadagascar NA NA A06 A06Malawi NA NA A06 A06Mali NA NA A04 A04Mauritania NA NA A06 NAMozambique NA NA A06 A06Niger NA NA A05 A05Rwanda NA NA A02/3 A02/3SaoTomeandPrincipe NA NA A06 A06Senegal NA NA A06 A06SierraLeone NA NA A02/3 A02/3Somalia NA NA NA NASudan NA NA A06 A06Togo NA NA A05 A05Uganda NA NA A06 A06UnitedRepublicofTanzania NA NA A06 A06Zambia NA NA A06 A06
Asia
Afghanistan NA NA NA NABangladesh NA NA A04 A04Bhutan NA NA NA NACambodia NA NA A04 A04LaoPeople’sDemocraticRepublic NA NA NA NAMaldives NA NA A06 A05Myanmar NA NA NA NANepal NA NA A02/3 A02/3Timor-Leste NA NA A05 A05Yemen NA NA A06 A06
Latin America and the Caribbean
Haiti NA NA NA NA
Oceania
Kiribati NA NA A05 NASamoa NA NA A04 A04SolomonIslands NA NA NA NATuvalu NA NA NA NAVanuatu NA NA NA NA
Source:UNCTAD,UNIDO,OECDandUNCOMTRADE.
Level of development, region and economy ICT1 ICT2 ICT3 ICT4
135
Annex 2. Core indicators on ICT infrastructure and access
Indicator Definitions
Basiccoreindicators
A1Fixedtelephonelinesper100inhabitants
Fixed telephone lines per 100 inhabitantsiscalculatedbydividingthenumberoffixedtelephonelinesbythepopulationandthenmultiplyingby100 .
Fixed telephone linesrefertotelephonelinesconnectingasubscriber’sterminalequipmenttothepublicswitchedtelephonenetwork(PSTN)andwhichhaveadedicatedportonatelephoneexchange .
A2
Mobilecellulartelephonesubscribersper100inhabitants
Mobile cellular telephone subscribers per 100 inhabitants is obtainedbydividing thenumberofmobilecellularsubscribersbythepopulationandthenmultiplyingby100 .
Mobile cellular telephone subscribersrefertousersofportabletelephonessubscribingtoapublicmobiletelephoneserviceusingcellulartechnology,whichprovidesaccesstothePSTN .Thiscanincludeanalogueanddigitalcellularsystems .ThisshouldalsoincludesubscriberstoIMT-2000(ThirdGeneration,3G) .Usersofbothpost-paidsubscriptionsandpre-paidaccountsareincluded .
A3Computersper100inhabitants
Computers per 100 inhabitantsisobtainedbydividingtheestimatednumberofcomputersinstalledinacountrybythepopulationandthenmultiplyingby100 .
Computersmeasuresthenumberofcomputersinstalledinacountry .ThestatisticincludesPCs,laptops,notebooksetc,butexcludesterminalsconnectedtomainframeandmini-computersthatareprimarilyintendedforshareduse,anddevicessuchassmart-phonesthathaveonlysome,butnotall,ofthecomponentsofaPC(e .g .theymaylackafull-sizedkeyboard,alargescreen,anInternetconnection,drivesetc .) .
A4Internetsubscribersper100inhabitants
Internet subscribers per 100 inhabitantsisobtainedbydividingthenumberofInternetsubscribersbythepopulationandthenmultiplyingby100 .
Internet subscribersrefertousersoftheInternetsubscribingtopaidfixedaccesstothepublicInternet(aTCP/IPconnection),includingdial-upandfixedbroadband .Itexcludessubscribers with access to data communications (including the Internet) via mobilecellularnetworks .Onlyactivesubscribersthathaveusedthesystemwithinareasonableperiodoftimeareincluded .
Annex 2. Core indicators on ICTinfrastructure and access
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The Global Information Society: a Statistical View
A5BroadbandInternetsubscribersper100inhabitants
Broadband Internet subscribers per 100 inhabitantsisobtainedbydividingthenumberofbroadbandInternetsubscribersbythepopulationandthenmultiplyingby100 .
Broadband Internet subscribers refer tousersof theInternetsubscribingtopaidhigh-speedfixedaccess to thepublic Internet (aTCP/IPconnection),at speedsequal to,orgreaterthan,256Kbit/s,inoneorbothdirections .Itexcludessubscriberswithaccesstodatacommunications(includingtheInternet)viamobilecellularnetworks .
A6InternationalInternetbandwidthperinhabitant(bits)
International Internet bandwidth per inhabitant isobtainedbydividing theamountofbandwidthbythepopulation .
International Internet bandwidth refers to the total capacity of international Internetbandwidth .Ifcapacityisasymmetric(i .e .moreincomingthanoutgoing),theincomingcapacityisused .
A7
Percentageofpopulationcoveredbymobilecellulartelephony
Percentage of population covered by mobile cellular telephonyreferstothepercentageofacountry’sinhabitantsthatlivewithinareasservedbyamobilecellularsignal,irrespectiveofwhetherornottheyaresubscribers .Notethatthismeasuresthetheoreticalabilitytousemobilecellularservicesifonehasacellulartelephoneandasubscription .
A8
Internetaccesstariffs(20hourspermonth),inUS$,andasapercentageofpercapitaincome
The Internet access tariffincludesthetariffcomponentsofmonthlylinerental,lineusagechargeandInternetaccesscharge,plusanytaxthatmaybelevied(asthisisaserviceusedbybothresidentialandbusinessconsumers) .Thetariffchosenforaparticularcountrywouldbethepackagefor20hourspermonththatisthecheapest,thatiswidelyavailable(or,inthecaseofregionalserviceproviders,isavailableinthecapitalcity)andisavailabletothegeneralpublicwithoutrestriction(e .g .excludingin-companyorlimitedtimeoffers,andexcludingoffersthatarebundledwithsomeotherservice) .ThepricecomparisonisexpressedinUS$ .Theindicatorshouldbecompared,asfaraspossible,forthesamedatebetweencountries .
As a percentage of per capita incomeinvolvesdividingtheInternetaccesstariffbytheaveragemonthlygrossnationalincomepercapitaofthecountry .
A9
Mobilecellulartariffs(100minutesofusepermonth),inUS$,andasapercentageofpercapitaincome
TheMobile cellular tariff includes the tariff componentsofmonthly service rental (ifrelevant),50minutesoflocalpeaktimecallingand50minutesoflocaloff-peakcalling,plustax .Differencesinthedistanceofcalls,whichmaybeapplicableinsomecountries,arenottakenintoaccount,norareinternationalcallsorSMSmessages .Thepossibleone-timechargeforconnectionisnottakenintoaccount,exceptwherethisisbundledintothecostsofapre-paidaccount .Countriesshouldcalculatethetariffeitheronapost-paidorapre-paidservice,whicheveroneismorepopularlyused .Ifmorethan50%ofthemobilecellular subscribers use pre-paid, then the tariff should also be based on the pre-paidservice,andviceversa .ThepricecomparisonisexpressedinUS$ .Theindicatorshouldbecompared,asfaraspossible,forthesamedatebetweencountries .
As a percentage of per capita incomeinvolvesdividingthemobilecellulartariffbytheaveragemonthlygrossnationalincomepercapitaofthecountry .
A10
PercentageoflocalitieswithpublicInternetaccesscentres(PIACs)
Percentage of localities with public Internet access centres (PIACs) is computed bydividing the number of localities with at least one PIAC by the total number of thecountry’slocalitiesandthenmultiplyingby100 .Theindicatormaybebrokendownbyrural/urban .
A public Internet access centre (PIAC)isasite,location,orcentreofinstructionatwhichInternetaccessismadeavailabletothepublic,onafull-timeorpart-timebasis .Thismayincludetelecentres,digitalcommunitycentres,Internetcafés,libraries,educationcentresandothersimilarestablishments,whenevertheyofferInternetaccesstothegeneralpublic .AllsuchcentresshouldhaveatleastonepubliccomputerforInternetaccess .Localitiesrefertoacountry’svillages,townsandcities .
NotethatthisindicatorisusedtomeasuretheWSIStarget“to connect villages with ICTs and establish community access points”by2015 .
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Annex 2. Core indicators on ICT infrastructure and access
Extendedcoreindicators
A11Radiosetsper100inhabitants
Radio sets per 100 inhabitantsisobtainedbydividingthenumberofradiosetsinusebythepopulationandthenmultiplyingby100 .
A radio set is a device capable of receiving broadcast radio signals, using popularfrequencies,suchasFM,AM,LWandSW .Aradiosetmaybeastand-alonedevice,oritmaybeintegratedintoanotherdevice,suchasaWalkman,acar,oranalarmclock .
A12Televisionsetsper100inhabitants
Television sets per 100 inhabitantsisobtainedbydividingthenumberofsetsinusebythepopulationandthenmultiplyingby100 .
Atelevision setisadevicecapableofreceivingbroadcasttelevisionsignals,usingpopularaccessmeanssuchasover-the-air,cableandsatellite .Atelevisionsetmaybeastand-alonedevice,oritmaybeintegratedintoanotherdevice,suchasacomputeroramobilephone .
Source: Core ICT Indicators (Partnership, 2005c) and Telecommunication Indicators Handbook (ITU, 2007a).
139
Annex 3. Core indicators on access to, and use of, ICT by households and individuals
Indicator Definitions
Basiccoreindicators
HH1Proportionofhouseholdswitharadio
The proportion of households with a radio is calculatedbydividing thenumber of in-scope households with a radio by the total number of in-scopehouseholds .
A radio is a device capable of receiving broadcast radio signals, usingpopularfrequencies,suchasFM,AM,LWandSW .Aradiosetmaybeastand-alonedevice,oritmaybeintegratedintoanotherdevice,suchasa‘Walkman’,acaroranalarmclock .
HH2ProportionofhouseholdswithaTV
The proportion of households with a TV is calculated by dividing thenumberofin-scopehouseholdswithaTVbythetotalnumberofin-scopehouseholds .
A TV (television) is a device capable of receiving broadcast televisionsignals,usingpopularaccessmeanssuchasover-the-air,cableandsatellite .Atelevisionsetmaybeastand-alonedevice,oritmaybeintegratedintoanotherdevice,suchasacomputeroramobilephone .
HH3Proportionofhouseholdswithafixedlinetelephone
Theproportion of households with a fixed line telephoneiscalculatedbydividingthenumberofin-scopehouseholdswithafixedlinetelephonebythetotalnumberofin-scopehouseholds .
Afixed telephone linereferstoatelephonelineconnectingacustomer’sterminalequipment (e .g . telephoneset, facsimilemachine) to thepublicswitchedtelephonenetwork(PSTN)andwhichhasadedicatedportonatelephoneexchange .
HH4Proportionofhouseholdswithamobilecellulartelephone
Theproportion of households with a mobile cellular telephoneiscalculatedby dividing the number of in-scope households with a mobile cellulartelephonebythetotalnumberofin-scopehouseholds .
Amobile cellular telephonereferstoaportabletelephonesubscribingtoapublicmobiletelephoneserviceusingcellulartechnology,whichprovidesaccesstothePSTN .Thisincludesanalogueanddigitalcellularsystems,aswellasIMT-2000(3G) .Usersofbothpost-paidsubscriptionsandpre-paidaccountsareincluded .
Annex 3. Core indicators on access to, and use of, ICT by households and individuals
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The Global Information Society: a Statistical View
HH5Proportionofhouseholdswithacomputer
Theproportion of households with a computer iscalculatedbydividingthenumberofin-scopehouseholdswithacomputerbythetotalnumberofin-scopehouseholds .
A computer includes: a desktop, portable or handheld computer (e .g . apersonal digital assistant) . It does not include equipment with someembeddedcomputingabilitiessuchasmobilephonesorTVsets .1
HH6
Proportionofindividualswhousedacomputer(fromanylocation)inthelast12months
The proportion of individuals who used a computer is calculated bydividing the total number of in-scope individuals who used a computerfromanylocationinthelast12monthsbythetotalnumberofin-scopeindividuals .
HH7ProportionofhouseholdswithInternetaccessathome
Theproportion of households with Internet access at homeiscalculatedbydividingthenumberofin-scopehouseholdswithInternetaccessbythetotalnumberofin-scopehouseholds .
TheInternetisaworld-widepubliccomputernetwork .ItprovidesaccesstoanumberofcommunicationservicesincludingtheWorldWideWebandcarriesemail,news,entertainmentanddatafiles .Accessisnotassumedtobeonlyviaacomputer−itmayalsobebymobilephone,gamesmachine,digitalTVetc .
HH8
ProportionofindividualswhousedtheInternet(fromanylocation)inthelast12months
The proportion of individuals who used the Internet is calculated bydividing the totalnumberof in-scope individualswhoused the Internet(fromanylocation)inthelast12monthsbythetotalnumberofin-scopeindividuals .
HH9LocationofindividualuseoftheInternetinthelast12months
For international comparability, output is most simply presented as theproportionofin-scopeindividualsusingtheInternetateachlocation,forinstance,theproportionofindividualsusingtheInternetathome,atworketc .Analternativepresentation is theproportionof InternetusersusingtheInternetfromeachlocation .Individualscanrespondinrespectofmorethanonelocation .
Athome
AtworkWhereaperson’sworkplaceislocatedathis/herhome,thenhe/shewouldansweryestothehomecategoryonly .
Placeofeducation
Atanotherperson’shome
CommunityInternetaccessfacility
Includesaccessatcommunityfacilitiessuchaspubliclibraries,publiclyprovided Internet kiosks, digital community centres, other governmentagencies;accessistypicallyfreeorlowcostandisavailabletothegeneralpublic .
CommercialInternetaccessfacility
IncludespubliclyavailableaccessatInternetorcybercafés,hotels,airportsetc;eventhoughthevenueiscommercial,thecostisnotnecessarilyatfullmarketprice .
Otherplaces
HH10Internetactivitiesundertakenbyindividualsinthelast12months
For international comparability, output is most simply presented as theproportionofin-scopeindividualsundertakingeachactivity,forinstance,theproportionofindividualsusingtheInternettogetinformationaboutgoodsorservices .AnalternativepresentationistheproportionofInternetusersundertakingeachactivity .
NotethattheseactivitiesarerestrictedtoprivatepurposesandthereforeexcludeactivitiessuchaspurchasingovertheInternetundertakenaspartof a person’s job . Individuals can respond in respect of more than oneactivityandactivitiesarenotmutuallyexclusive .
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Annex 3. Core indicators on access to, and use of, ICT by households and individuals
Forgettinginformation:
Aboutgoodsorservices
Relatedtohealthorhealthservices
Healthinformationcoversinjury,disease,nutritionandimprovinghealthgenerally .
Fromgovernmentorganizations/publicauthoritiesviawebsitesoremail
Governmentorganizations/publicauthoritiesarepreferablydefinedpertheSNA93 (http://unstats .un .org/unsd/sna1993/glossform .asp?getitem=219) .They include government organizations at local, regional and nationallevel .
Otherinformationsearchesorgeneralwebbrowsing
ForcommunicatingIncludes sending or receiving email, using chat rooms/sites, messageboards,instantmessaging,telephoningviaInternet .
Forpurchasingororderinggoodsorservices
Includespurchasinganddownloadingofdigitizedproducts,suchasmusic,fromtheInternet .
ForInternetbanking
Foreducationorlearningactivities
Thisreferstoformallearningactivitiessuchasstudyassociatedwithschoolortertiaryeducationcoursesaswellasdistanceeducationinvolvingon-lineactivities .(AmorenarrowinterpretationislikelytobelessmeaningfulasitcouldincludearangeofactivitiessuchasusingtheInternettosearchforinformation .)
Fordealingwithgovernmentorganizations/publicauthorities
Governmentorganizations/publicauthoritiesarepreferablydefinedpertheSNA93 (http://unstats .un .org/unsd/sna1993/glossform .asp?getitem=219) .They include government organizations at local, regional and nationallevel .
Forleisureactivities:
Playing/downloadingvideoorcomputergames
Includesfilesharinggamesandplayinggamesonline .
Internetactivitiesundertakenbyindividualsinthelast12months
Downloadingmovies,musicorsoftware
Includesfilesharingandusingwebradioorwebtelevision .Forsoftware,includesdownloadingofpatchesandupgrades .
Reading/downloadingelectronicbooks,newspapersormagazines
Includesaccessingnewswebsites .
Otherleisureactivities Includesgambling .
Extendedcoreindicators
HH11Proportionofindividualswithuseofamobilecellulartelephone
Theproportion of individuals with use of a mobile cellular telephone iscalculatedbydividingthetotalnumberofin-scopeindividualswithuseofamobiletelephonebythetotalnumberofin-scopeindividuals .
Use of a mobile telephonedoesnotmeanthatthetelephoneisownedorpaidforbythepersonbutshouldbereasonablyavailablethroughwork,afriendorfamilymember,etc . Itexcludesoccasionaluse,for instance,borrowingamobilephonetomakeacall .
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HH12ProportionofhouseholdswithaccesstotheInternetbytypeofaccess
For international comparability, output is most simply presented as theproportionofin-scopehouseholdsusingeachtypeofaccessservice,forinstance, the proportion of households accessing the Internet by DSL .Additionally,outputshouldbeavailablefortheaggregations,theproportionof households with broadband/narrowband access to the Internet .Alternatively,outputcanbepresentedasaproportionofhouseholdswithInternetaccess .
Categories should allow aggregation to narrowband and broadband .As households can use more than one type of access service, multipleresponsesarepossible .
Analoguemodem(dial-upviastandardphoneline)
Dial-up is a connection to the Internet via an analogue modem andtelephone line, which requires that the modem dial a phone numberwhenInternetaccessisneeded .Themodemconvertsadigitalsignalintoanaloguefortransmissionbytraditional(copper)telephonelines .Italsoconvertsanaloguetransmissionsbacktodigital .
ISDN(IntegratedServicesDigitalNetwork)
ISDN is a telecommunication service that turns a traditional (copper)telephonelineintoahigherspeeddigitallink .ISDNisusuallyconsideredtobenarrowband .
DSL(DigitalSubscriberLine,includesADSL,SDSL,VDSL,etc .)
DSL (digital subscriber line) line is a technology for bringing high-bandwidth information to homes and small businesses over ordinarycopper telephone lines . Speed should be equal to, or greater than, 256Kbit/s,inoneorbothdirections .
Cablemodem AcablemodemusescableTVlinesforconnectingtotheInternet .
Othernarrowband
Includes mobile phone and other forms of access with an advertiseddownloadspeedoflessthan256Kbit/s,inoneorbothdirections .NarrowbandmobilephoneaccessservicesincludeCDMA1x(Release0),GPRS,WAPandi-mode .
Otherbroadband
Includes high speed leased lines, fibre-to-the-home, some mobile phoneaccess(3Gand3 .5G),powerline,satellite,fixedwireless,WiMAXetcwithanadvertiseddownloadspeedofequalto,orgreaterthan,256Kbit/s,inoneorbothdirections .BroadbandmobilephoneaccessservicesincludeWidebandCDMA (W-CDMA), known as Universal Mobile TelecommunicationsSystem(UMTS)inEurope;High-speedDownlinkPacketAccess(HSDPA),complementedbyHigh-SpeedUplinkPacketAccess(HSUPA);CDMA20001xEV-DOandCDMA2001xEV-DV .
HH13
Frequency of individual access to the Internet in the last 12 months (from any location)
For international comparability, output is most simply presented as the proportion of in-scope individuals using the Internet with each frequency, for instance, the proportion of individuals using the Internet at least once a day. An alternative presentation is the proportion of Internet users using the Internet with each frequency.
It is recommended that countries collect this information in respect of a typical period; therefore, respondents should ignore weekends (if they only access the Internet from work) and breaks from their usual routine, such as holidays.
At least once a day
At least once a week but not every day
At least once a month but not every week
Less than once a month
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Annex 3. Core indicators on access to, and use of, ICT by households and individuals
Reference indicator
HHR1Proportion of households with electricity
Electricity is not an ICT commodity, but is an important prerequisite for using many ICTs. It is therefore included in the core list as a reference indicator.
Source: Core ICT Indicators (Partnership, 2005c). Updates have been applied to some definitions (radios, community Internet access facilities, mobile phone and Internet access service technologies) based on the Telecommunication Indicators Handbook (ITU, 2007a). The updates are not expected to affect statistical time series.
Classificatory variables
Forthehouseholdaccessindicators(HH1,HH2,HH3,HH4,HH5andHH7)sub-indicatorsmaybeconstructedusingthehouseholdclassificatoryvariables,household compositionandhousehold size .ThesearedefinedinPartnership(2005c)asfollows:
• Household composition (two-way classification: households with/without children under 16);and
• Householdsize(numberofmembers,includingthoseoutsidetheagescope) .
Fortheindividualuseindicators(HH6,HH8,HH9,HH10,HH11,HH12andHH13),sub-indicatorsmaybeconstructedusingtheindividualclassificatoryvariables,age,gender,highesteducationlevel,employmentstatusandoccupation .ThesearedefinedinPartnership(2005c)asfollows:
• Age:toshowthedifferencesbetweenagegroupings,reasonablyfineandequal-sizedrangesareproposed:16to24;25to34;35to44;45to54;55to64;65to74;
• Gender;• Highesteducationlevelreceived:afour-wayclassificationisproposed:Noformaleducationor
primary education (ISCED 0,1); Lower secondary education (ISCED 2); Upper secondary orpost-secondarynon-tertiary(ISCED3,4);Tertiary(ISCED5,6);
• Employmentstatus(four-wayclassification:paidemployee;self-employed,unemployed;notinthelabourforce);and
• Occupation(usingISCO88majorgroupswherepossible) .
1 NotethatthisisadifferentdefinitionofacomputerfromtheoneusedforindicatorA3,withthemaindifferencebeing that personal digital assistants (PDA) are included here but excluded fromA3 .There are practical andhistoricalreasonsforthisdifferencebut,forthepurposesofindicatorsHH5andHH6,thefunctionalityofPDAs,whichmayincludeInternetconnectivity,isofinterest .
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Annex 4. Core indicators on the use of ICT by businesses
Indicator Definitions
Basiccoreindicators
B1Proportionofbusinessesusingcomputers
Theproportion of businesses using computersiscalculatedbydividingthenumberofin-scopebusinessesusingcomputersduringthe12-monthreferenceperiodbythetotalnumberofin-scopebusinesses .
Acomputer includes:adesktop,portableorhandheldcomputer(e .g .apersonal digital assistant), minicomputer and mainframe . A computerdoes not include equipment with some embedded computing abilities,suchasmobilephonesorTVsets,nordoesitincludecomputer-controlledmachineryorelectronictills .
B2Proportionofemployeesusingcomputers
Theproportion of employees using computers iscalculatedbydividingthenumberofemployeesusingcomputers(inallin-scopebusinesses)bythetotalnumberofemployees(inallin-scopebusinesses) .
Employeesrefertoallpersonsworkingforthebusiness,notonlythoseworkinginclericaljobs .Theyincludeworkingproprietorsandpartners,aswellasemployees .
B3ProportionofbusinessesusingtheInternet
Theproportion of businesses using the Internetiscalculatedbydividingthenumberofin-scopebusinessesusingtheInternetbythetotalnumberofin-scopebusinesses .
TheInternetreferstoInternetprotocol(IP)basednetworks:WWW(theWorldWideWeb),anextranetover theInternet,EDIover theInternet,InternetaccessedbymobilephonesandInternetemail .
B4ProportionofemployeesusingtheInternet
Theproportion of employees using the InternetiscalculatedbydividingthenumberofemployeesusingtheInternet(inallin-scopebusinesses)bythetotalnumberofemployees(inallin-scopebusinesses) .
Annex 4. Core indicators on the useof ICT by businesses
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B5Proportionofbusinesseswithawebpresence
The proportion of businesses with a web presence is calculated bydividingthenumberofin-scopebusinesseswithawebpresencebythetotalnumberofin-scopebusinesses .
Aweb presence includesawebsite,homepageorpresenceonanotherentity’swebsite(includingarelatedbusiness) .Itexcludesinclusioninanon-linedirectoryandanyotherwebpageswherethebusinessdoesnothavesubstantialcontroloverthecontentofthepage .
B6Proportionofbusinesseswithanintranet
Theproportion of businesses with an intranet iscalculatedbydividingthenumberofin-scopebusinesseswithanintranetbythetotalnumberofin-scopebusinesses .
AnintranetreferstoaninternalcompanycommunicationsnetworkusingInternetprotocolallowingcommunicationwithintheorganization .It istypicallysetupbehindafirewalltocontrolaccess .
B7ProportionofbusinessesreceivingordersovertheInternet
For international comparability, the proportion of businesses receiving orders over the Internetismostsimplycalculatedbydividingthenumberof in-scope businesses receiving orders over the Internet by the totalnumberofin-scopebusinesses .Alternatively,outputcanbepresentedastheproportionofin-scopebusinessesusingtheInternet .
Orders receivedincludeordersreceivedviatheInternetwhetherornotpaymentwasmadeon line .They includeorders receivedviawebsites,specialized Internet marketplaces, extranets, EDI over the Internet,Internet-enabled mobile phones and email . They also include ordersreceivedonbehalfofotherorganizations–andordersreceivedbyotherorganizationsonbehalfofthebusiness .
Orders receivedexcludeordersthatwerecancelledornotcompleted .
B8ProportionofbusinessesplacingordersovertheInternet
For international comparability, the proportion of businesses placing orders over the Internetismostsimplycalculatedbydividingthenumberof in-scope businesses placing orders over the Internet by the totalnumberofin-scopebusinesses .Alternatively,outputcanbepresentedastheproportionofin-scopebusinessesusingtheInternet .
Orders placed include orders placed via the Internet whether or notpayment was made on line . They include orders placed via websites,specialized Internet marketplaces, extranets, EDI over the Internet,Internet-enabledmobilephonesandemail .
Orders placedexcludeordersthatwerecancelledornotcompleted .
Extendedcoreindicators
B9ProportionofbusinessesusingtheInternetbytypeofaccess
For internationalcomparability,output ismost simplypresentedas theproportion of in-scope businesses using each type of access service,for instance, the proportion of businesses accessing the Internet byDSL .Additionally,outputshouldbeavailable for theaggregations, theproportion of businesses with broadband and narrowband access tothe Internet .Alternatively, output can be presented as a proportion ofbusinessesusingtheInternet .
Categories should allow aggregation to narrowband and broadband,where broadband excludes slower technologies, such as dial-up, ISDNand most 2G mobile phone access . Broadband will usually have anadvertiseddownloadspeedofatleast256Kbit/s,inoneorbothdirections .As businesses can use more than one type of access service, multipleresponsesarepossible .
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Analoguemodem(dial-upviastandardphoneline)
Dial-up is a connection to the Internet via an analogue modem andtelephone line, which requires that the modem dial a phone numberwhenInternetaccessisneeded .Themodemconvertsadigitalsignalintoanaloguefortransmissionbytraditional(copper)telephonelines .Italsoconvertsanaloguetransmissionsbacktodigital .
ISDN(IntegratedServicesDigitalNetwork)
ISDN is a telecommunication service that turns a traditional (copper)telephonelineintoahigherspeeddigitallink .ISDNisusuallyconsideredtobenarrowband .
DSL(DigitalSubscriberLine,includingADSL,SDSL,VDSL,etc .)
DSL (digital subscriber line) line is a technology for bringing high-bandwidth information to homes and small businesses over ordinarycopper telephone lines .Speed shouldbeequal to,orgreater than,256Kbit/s,inoneorbothdirections .
Cablemodem Acable modemusescableTVlinesforconnectingtotheInternet .
Othernarrowband
Includes mobile phone and other forms of access with an advertiseddownloadspeedoflessthan256Kbit/s,inoneorbothdirections .NarrowbandmobilephoneaccessservicesincludeCDMA1x(Release0),GPRS,WAPandi-mode .
Otherbroadband
Includeshigh speed leased lines,fibre-to-the-home, somemobilephoneaccess(3Gand3 .5G),powerline,satellite,fixedwireless,WiMAXetcwithanadvertiseddownloadspeedofequalto,orgreaterthan,256Kbit/s,inoneorbothdirections .
BroadbandmobilephoneaccessservicesincludeWideband CDMA(W-CDMA),knownasUniversal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS)inEurope;High-speedDownlinkPacketAccess(HSDPA),complementedbyHigh-SpeedUplinkPacketAccess(HSUPA);CDMA20001xEV-DOandCDMA2001xEV-DV .
B10Proportionofbusinesseswithalocalareanetwork(LAN)
Theproportion of businesses with a LAN is calculatedbydividing thenumberof in-scopebusinesseswithaLANby the totalnumberof in-scopebusinesses .
A local area network (LAN)refers toanetworkconnectingcomputerswithina localizedareasuchasasinglebuilding,departmentorsite; itmaybewireless .
B11Proportionofbusinesseswithanextranet
Theproportion of businesses with an extranet iscalculatedbydividingthenumberofin-scopebusinesseswithanextranetbythetotalnumberofin-scopebusinesses .
AnextranetisaclosednetworkthatusesInternetprotocolstosecurelyshareabusiness’informationwithsuppliers,vendors,customersorotherbusinesses partners . It can take the form of a secure extension of anIntranetthatallowsexternaluserstoaccesssomepartsofthebusiness’Intranet . It can also be a private part of the business’ website, wherebusinesspartnerscannavigateafterbeingauthenticatedinaloginpage .1
B12ProportionofbusinessesusingtheInternetbytypeofactivity
For internationalcomparability,output ismost simplypresentedas theproportionofin-scopebusinessesundertakingeachactivity,forinstance,theproportionofbusinessesusingtheInternetforsendingorreceivingemails .AnalternativepresentationistheproportionofbusinessInternetusersundertakingeachactivity .
Forgettinginformationaboutgoodsorservices:
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Forgettinginformationfromgovernmentorganizations/publicauthoritiesviawebsitesoremail
Government organizations/public authorities are preferably definedper the SNA93 (http://unstats .un .org/unsd/sna1993/glossform .asp?getitem=219) .Theyincludegovernmentorganizationsatlocal,regionalandnationallevel .
Forsendingorreceivingemail
ForperformingInternetbankingoraccessingotherfinancialservices
Forinteractingwithgovernmentorganizations/publicauthorities
Interacting with government organizations includes downloading/requesting forms, completing/lodging forms on line, making on-linepaymentsandpurchasingfrom,orsellingto,governmentorganizations .Itdoesnotincludegettinginformationfromgovernmentorganizations .2
Government organizations/public authorities arepreferablydefinedperthe SNA93 (http://unstats .un .org/unsd/sna1993/glossform .asp?getitem=219) . They include government organizations at local, regional andnationallevel .
Forprovidingcustomerservices
Customer services include providing on-line or emailed productcataloguesorprice lists,productspecificationorconfigurationon line,aftersalessupport,andordertrackingonline .
Fordeliveringproductsonline
DeliveringproductsonlinereferstoproductsdeliveredovertheInternetindigitizedform,e .g .reports,software,music,videos,computergames;and on-line services, such as computer-related services, informationservices,travelbookingsorfinancialservices .
Forotherinformationsearchesorresearchactivities
Source: Core ICT Indicators (Partnership, 2005c). Updates have been applied to definitions of Internet access service technologies based on the Telecommunication Indicators Handbook (ITU, 2007a). Other changes have been made based on the UNCTAD Manual for the Production of Statistics on the Information Economy (UNCTAD, 2007a) and are shown in the endnotes. The updates are not expected to affect statistical time series.
1 ThedefinitionofanextranethaschangedsinceoriginallypublishedinCore ICT Indicators(Partnership,2005c) .
2 NotethattheresponsecategoryanddefinitionrelatingtodealingwithgovernmentorganizationshavechangedslightlysinceoriginallypublishedinCore ICT Indicators(Partnership,2005c) .
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Classificatory variables
Sub-indicatorsmaybeconstructed for thebusinessuse indicatorsusing theclassificatoryvariables,employmentsizeandindustry(oftenreferredtoaseconomic activity) .ThesearedefinedinPartnership(2005c)asfollows:• AminimalproposedbroadindustryoutputclassificationbasedonISICRev .3 .1is:manufacturing
(ISICD),construction(ISICF),wholesaleandretailtrade(includingrepairofmotorvehicles,motorcycles and personal and household goods) (ISIC G), hotels and restaurants (ISIC H),transport, storageandcommunications (ISICI),and realestate, rentingandbusinessservices(ISICK) .Notethatmanyeconomiescollectdataforabroaderindustryscopethanthis;and
• The size classification proposed is: 10-49 employees; 50-249 employees and 250 or more employees .Aswithindustry,manyeconomiescollectinformationforabroaderscopethanthis(commonlyincludingsmallerbusinesses) .
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Annex 5. Core indicators for the ICT sector and trade in ICT goods
Indicator Definitions
ICT1
ProportionoftotalbusinesssectorworkforceinvolvedintheICTsector(usuallyexpressedasapercentage)
ICT workforce(orICTemployment)consistsofthosepersonsemployedin businesses that are classified as belonging to the ICT sector .Totalbusinessworkforcerepresentsallpersonsengagedindomesticproductioninthebusinesssector .Inanationalaccountsframework,employmentcanbemeasured in termsofheadcounts, jobs, full-timeequivalents (FTE)orhoursworked .Currently, totalheadcountsorjobsareusedformostcountries .
ICT2
ValueaddedintheICTsector(asapercentageoftotalbusinesssectorvalueadded) .
Value added for a particular industry represents its contribution tonationalGDP .ItissometimesreferredtoasGDPbyindustryandisnotdirectlymeasured(but isestimatedinanationalaccountsframework) .Ingeneral, it iscalculatedas thedifferencebetweenproduction(grossoutput) and intermediate inputs (the energy, materials and servicesrequiredtoproducefinaloutput) .SeealsoTable19 .
ICT3ICTgoodsimportsasapercentageoftotalimports
ICT goodsaredefinedbytheOECD’sICTgoodsclassificationintermsofthe1996and2002HSclassification(seeAnnex6) .
Other concepts are per the UN COMTRADE database e .g . re-exportsandre-importsarenotnettedout,anddataarepresentedinUSdollars(convertedbytheUNfromcountrycurrencies) .
ICT4ICTgoodsexportsasapercentageoftotalexports
Source: Core ICT Indicators (Partnership, 2005c).
Annex 5. Core indicators for the ICT sector and trade in ICT goods
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Annex 6. OECD list of ICT goods (2003)
HS 2002 HS 1996 Telecommunications equipment Notes
851711 851711 Linetelephonesetswithcordlesshandsets851719 851719 Othertelephonesets,videophones851721 851721 Facsimilemachines851722 851722 Teleprinters851730 851730 Telephonicortelegraphicswitchingapparatus851750 851750 Otherapparatus,forcarrier-currentlinesystemsorfordigitallinesystems851780 851780 Otherelectricalapparatusforlinetelephonyorlinetelegraphy851790 851790 Partsforotherelectricalapparatusforlinetelephonyorlinetelegraphy852020 852020 Telephoneansweringmachines852510 852510 Transmissionapparatusforradio-telephony,radio-telegraphy, radio-broadcastingortelevisionnotincorporatingreceptionapparatus852520 852520 Transmissionapparatusforradio-telephony,radio-telegraphy, radio-broadcastingortelevisionincorporatingreceptionapparatus852530 852530 Televisioncameras852610 852610 Radarapparatus852790 852790 Receptionapparatusforradio-telephony,radio-telegraphyor radio-broadcasting,whetherornotcombined,inthesamehousing,with soundrecordingorreproducingapparatusoraclock,n .e .s852910 852910 Aerialsandaerialreflectorsofallkinds;partssuitableforusetherewith853110 853110 Burglarorfirealarmsandsimilarapparatus (1)854420 854420 Co-axialcableandotherco-axialelectricconductors854470 854470 OpticalfibrecablesHS2002 HS1996 Computerandrelatedequipment847110 847110 Analogueorhybridautomaticdataprocessingmachines847130 847130 Portabledigitalautomaticdataprocessingmachines,weighingnotmore than10kg,consistingofatleastacentralprocessingunit,akeyboard andadisplay847141 847141 Digitalautomaticdataprocessingmachinescomprisinginthesame housingatleastacentralprocessingunitandaninputandoutputunit, whetherornotcombined847149 847149 Otherdigitalautomaticdataprocessingmachines,presentedintheform ofsystems847150 847150 Digitalprocessingunitsotherthanthoseofsubheadings8471 .41 and8471 .49,whetherornotcontaininginthesamehousingoneortwo ofthefollowingtypesofunit:storageunits,inputunits,outputunits847160 847160 Automaticdataprocessingmachines,inputoroutputunits,whetheror notcontainingstorageunitsinthesamehousing
Annex 6. OECD list of ICT goods (2003)
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HS 2002 HS 1996 Telecommunications equipment Notes
847170 847170 Automaticdataprocessingmachines,storageunits847180 847180 Otherunitsofautomaticdataprocessingmachines847190 847190 Magneticoropticalreaders,machinesfortranscribingdataontodatamedia incodedformandmachinesforprocessingsuchdata,notelsewhere specifiedorincluded847330 847330 PartsandaccessoriesofthemachinesofheadingNo .84 .71
HS 2002 HS 1996 Electronic components Notes
850431 850431 Electricaltransformershavingapowerhandlingcapacitynotexceeding1kVA (1)850450 850450 Inductors (1)850490 850490 Partsof:electricaltransformers,staticconverters(forexample,rectifiers) andinductors (1)852330 852330 Cardsincorporatingamagneticstripe,unrecorded (1)852460 852460 Cardsincorporatingamagneticstripe,recorded (1)852990 852990 Partssuitableforusesolelyorprincipallywiththeapparatusofheadings Nos .85 .25to85 .28exceptaerialsandaerialsreflectors853221 853221 Capacitors,fixed,tantalumhavingareactivepowerhandlingcapacityof lessthan0 .5kvar853224 853224 Capacitors,fixed,ceramicdielectric,multilayerhavingareactivepower handlingcapacityoflessthan0 .5kvar853230 853230 Variableoradjustable(pre-set)capacitors853310 853310 Fixedcarbonresistors,compositionorfilmtypes853321 853321 Electricalresistors,fixed,(includingrheostatsandpotentiometers), otherthanheatingresistors,forapowerhandlingcapacity<=20W853329 853329 Electricalresistors,fixed,(includingrheostatsandpotentiometers), otherthanheatingresistors,n .e .s .853331 853331 Wirewoundvariableresistors,forapowerhandlingcapacity<=20W853339 853339 Resistors,wirewound,variable,n .e .s .853340 853340 Othervariableresistors,includingrheostatsandpotentiometers853390 853390 Partsforelectricalresistors(includingrheostatsandpotentiometers), otherthanheatingresistors853400 853400 Printedcircuits854011 854011 Cathode-raytelevisionpicturetubes,includingvideomonitortubes,colour854012 854012 Cathode-raytelevisionpicturetubes,includingvideomonitortubes,black andwhiteorothermonochrome854020 854020 Televisioncameratubes;imageconvertersandintensifiers;other photo-cathodetubes854040 854040 Data/graphicdisplaytubes,colour,withaphosphordotscreenpitch smallerthan0 .4mm854050 854050 Data/graphicdisplaytubes,blackandwhiteorothermonochrome854060 854060 Othercathode-raytubes854071 854071 Microwavetubes,magnetrons,excludinggrid-controlledtubes854072 854072 Microwavetubes–klystrons,excludinggrid-controlledtubes854079 854079 Microwavetubes,other,excludinggrid-controlledtubes854081 854081 Receiveroramplifiervalvesandtubes854089 854089 Valveandtubes,n .e .s .854091 854091 Partsofcathode-raytubes854099 854099 Partsofthermionicorphoto-cathode,valveandtubes,otherthan cathode-raytubes854110 854110 Diodes,otherthanphotosensitiveorlightemittingdiodes854121 854121 Transistors,otherthanphotosensitive,dissipationrate<1W854129 854129 Transistors,otherthanphotosensitivetransistors,n .e .s .854130 854130 Thyristors,diacsandtriacs,otherthanphotosensitivedevices854140 854140 Photosensitivesemiconductordevices,includingphotovoltaiccellswhether ornotassembledinmodulesormadeupintopanels;lightemittingdiodes854150 854150 Othersemiconductordevices854160 854160 Mountedpiezo-electriccrystals854190 854190 Partsforsemiconductordevices
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HS 2002 HS 1996 Electronic components Notes
854210 854212 Cardsincorporatingelectronicintegratedcircuits(‘smart’cards) (2)854221 854213-19 Digitalmonolitihicintegratedcircuits (2)854229 854230 Othermonolithicintegratedcircuits (2)854260 854240 Hybridintegratedcircuits (2)854270 854250 Electronicmicroassemblies (2)854290 854290 Partsforelectronicintegratedcircuitsandmicroassemblies
HS 2002 HS 1996 Audio and video equipment Notes
851810 851810 Microphonesandstandstherefor851821 851821 Singleloudspeakers,mountedintheirenclosures851822 851822 Multipleloudspeakers,mountedinthesameenclosure851829 851829 Otherloudspeakers,n .e .s851830 851830 Headphonesandearphones,whetherornotcombinedwithamicrophone,andsets
consistingofamicrophoneandoneormoreloudspeakers851840 851840 Audio-frequencyelectricamplifiers851850 851850 Electricsoundamplifiersets851890 851890 Partsofmicrophones,loudspeakers,headphones,earphones,combinedmicrophone/
loudspeakersets,audio-frequencyelectricamplifiersandelectricsoundamplifiersets851910 851910 Coin-ordisc-operatedrecord-players851921 851921 Record-players,withoutloudspeaker851929 851929 Record-players,n .e .s .851931 851931 Turntableswithautomaticrecordchangingmechanism851939 851939 Turntables,n .e .s .851940 851940 Transcribingmachines851992 851992 Pocket-sizecassette-players851993 851993 Othersoundreproducingapparatus,cassette-type851999 851999 Soundreproducingapparatus,notincorporatingasoundrecordingdevice,n .e .s .852010 852010 Dictatingmachinesnotcapableofoperatingwithoutanexternalsourceofpower852032 852032 Othermagnetictaperecordersincorporatingsoundreproducingapparatus,Digitalaudio
type852033 852033 Othermagnetictaperecordersincorporatingsoundreproducingapparatus,cassette-type852039 852039 Othermagnetictaperecordersincorporatingsoundreproducingapparatus852090 852090 Magnetictaperecordersandothersoundrecordingapparatus,whether ornotincorporatingasoundreproducingdevice,n .e .s .852110 852110 Videorecordingorreproducingapparatus,whetherornotincorporating avideotuner–magnetictape-type852190 852190 Videorecordingorreproducingapparatus,whetherornotincorporating avideotuner–othertype852210 852210 Partsandaccessoriessuitableforusesolelyorprincipallywiththeapparatus ofheadingsNos .85 .19to85 .21–pick-upcartridges852290 852290 Partsandaccessoriessuitableforusesolelyorprincipallywiththeapparatus ofheadingsNos .85 .19to85 .21–other852311 852311 Magnetictapes,unrecorded,width<=4mm(1/6in .) (1)852312 852312 Magnetictapes,unrecorded,width>4mm(1/6in .)but<=6 .5mm(1/4in .) (1)852313 852313 Magnetictapes,unrecorded,width>6 .5mm(1/4in .) (1)852320 852320 Magneticdiscs,unrecorded (1)852390 852390 Otherpreparedunrecordedmediaforsoundrecordingorsimilarrecording ofotherphenomena,otherthanproductsofChapter37 (1)852540 852540 Stillimagevideocamerasandothervideocamerarecorders,digitalcameras852712 852712 Pocket-sizeradiocassette-playerscapableofoperatingwithoutanexternal sourceofpower852713 852713 Radio-broadcastreceivers,capableofoperatingwithoutanexternal sourceofpower,combinedwithsoundrecordingorreproducingapparatus852719 852719 Otherradio-broadcastreceivers,capableofoperatingwithoutanexternal sourceofpower,notcombinedwithsoundrecordingorreproducingapparatus852721 852721 Radio-broadcastreceiverswithsoundrecordingorreproducingapparatus, formotorvehicles,requiringexternalsourceofpower852729 852729 Otherradio-broadcastreceiversformotorvehicles,notcombinedwithsound recordingorreproducingapparatus
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HS 2002 HS 1996 Audio and video equipment Notes
852731 852731 Otherradio-broadcastreceivers,includingapparatuscapableofreceiving alsoradio-telephonyorradio-telegraphy,combinedwithsoundrecording orreproducingapparatus852732 852732 Otherradio-broadcastreceivers,includingapparatuscapableofreceiving alsoradio-telephonyorradio-telegraphy,notcombinedwithsoundrecording orreproducingapparatusbutcombinedwithaclock852739 852739 Otherradio-broadcastreceivers,includingapparatuscapableofreceiving radio-telephonyorradio-telegraphy,n .e .s .852812 852812 Receptionapparatusfortelevision,whetherornotincorporating radio-broadcastreceiversorsoundorvideorecordingorreproducing apparatus,colour852813 852813 Receptionapparatusfortelevision,whetherornotincorporating radio-broadcastreceiversorsoundorvideorecordingorreproducing apparatus,blackandwhiteorothermonochrome852821 852821 Videomonitors,colour852822 852822 Videomonitors,blackandwhiteorothermonochrome852830 852830 Videoprojectors
HS 2002 HS 1996 Other ICT goods Notes
846911 846911 Word-processingmachines847010 847010 Electroniccalculatorscapableofoperationwithoutanexternalsource ofelectricpowerandpocket-sizedatarecording,reproducingand displayingmachineswithcalculatingfunctions847021 847021 Otherelectroniccalculatingmachinesincorporatingaprintingdevice847029 847029 Otherelectroniccalculatingmachines847040 847040 Accountingmachines847050 847050 Cashregisters847310 847310 Partsandaccessories(otherthancovers,carryingcasesandthelike)suitable forusesolelyorprincipallywithmachinesofheadingNo .84 .69847321 847321 Partsandaccessoriesoftheelectroniccalculatingmachinesofsubheading No .8470 .10,8470 .21or8470 .29847350 847350 Partsandaccessoriesequallysuitableforusewithmachinesoftwoor moreoftheheadingsNos .84 .69to84 .72852691 852691 Radionavigationalaidapparatus852692 852692 Radioremotecontrolapparatus901041 901041 Apparatusfortheprojectionordrawingofcircuitpatternsonsensitised semiconductormaterials–directwrite-on-waferapparatus (1)901042 901042 Apparatusfortheprojectionordrawingofcircuitpatternsonsensitised semiconductormaterials–stepandrepeataligners (1)901049 901049 Apparatusfortheprojectionordrawingofcircuitpatternsonsensitised semiconductormaterials–other (1)901410 901410 Directionfindingcompasses901420 901420 Instrumentsandappliancesforaeronauticalorspacenavigation(other thancompasses)901480 901480 Othernavigationalinstrumentsandappliances901490 901490 Partsandaccessoriesofdirectionfindingcompasses,othernavigational instrumentsandappliances901540 901540 Photogrammetricalsurveyinginstrumentsandappliances901580 901580 Othersurveyinginstrumentsandappliances901811 901811 Electro-cardiographs (1)901812 901812 Ultrasonicscanningapparatus (1)901813 901813 Magneticresonanceimagingapparatus (1)901814 901814 Scintigraphicapparatus (1)901819 901819 Otherelectro-diagnosticapparatus(includingapparatusforfunctional exploratoryexaminationorforcheckingphysiologicalparameters) (1)902212 902212 Computedtomographyapparatus (1)902213 902213 OtherapparatusbasedontheuseofX-rays,fordentaluses (1)902214 902214 OtherapparatusbasedontheuseofX-rays,formedical,surgicalor veterinaryuses (1)
157
Annex 6. OECD list of ICT goods (2003)
HS 2002 HS 1996 Other ICT goods Notes
902219 902219 OtherapparatusbasedontheuseofX-rays,forotheruses (1)902410 902410 Machinesandappliancesfortestingthehardness,strength,compressibility, elasticityorothermechanicalpropertiesofmaterials,metals902480 902480 Othermachinesandappliancesfortestingthehardness,strength, compressibility,elasticityorothermechanicalpropertiesofmaterials902490 902490 Partsandaccessoriesformachinesandappliancesfortestingthehardness, strength,compressibility,elasticityorothermechanicalpropertiesofmaterials902620 902620 Instrumentsandapparatusformeasuringorcheckingthepressureofliquids orgases,excludinginstrumentsandapparatusofheadingNos .9014,9015, 9028or9032902710 902710 Instrumentsandapparatusforphysicalorchemicalanalysis,gasorsmoke analysisapparatus902730 902730 Spectrometers,spectrophotometersandspectrographsusingopticalradiations (UV,visible,IR)902740 902740 Instrumentsandapparatusformeasuringorcheckingquantitiesofheat, soundorlight,exposuremeters902750 902750 Otherinstrumentsandapparatususingopticalradiations(UV,visible,IR)902780 902780 Otherinstrumentsandapparatusforphysicalorchemicalanalysis902810 902810 Gasmeters902820 902820 Liquidmeters902830 902830 Electricitymeters902890 902890 Partsforgas,liquidorelectricitysupplyorproductionmeters,including calibratingmeterstherefor902910 902910 Revolutioncounters,productioncounters,taximeters,mileometers, pedometersandthelike902920 902920 Speedindicatorsandtachometers;stroboscopes902990 902990 Partsandaccessoriesforrevolutioncounters,productioncounters,taximeters,
mileometers,pedometersandthelike;speedindicatorsandtachometers, otherthanthoseofheadingNo .90 .14or90 .15;stroboscopes903010 903010 Instrumentsandapparatusformeasuringordetectingionisingradiations903020 903020 Cathode-rayoscilloscopesandcathode-rayoscillographs903031 903031 Multimeterswithoutarecordingdevice903039 903039 Otherinstrumentsandapparatusformeasuringorcheckingvoltage,current, etc .withoutarecordingdevice903040 903040 Otherinstrumentsandapparatus,speciallydesignedfortelecommunications (forexample,cross-talkmeters,gainmeasuringinstruments,distortionfactor meters,psophometers)903082 903082 Otherinstrumentsformeasuringorcheckingsemiconductorwafersordevices903083 903083 Otherinstrumentsformeasuringorcheckingsemiconductorwafersordevices witharecordingdevice903110 903110 Measuringorcheckinginstruments,appliancesandmachinesn .e .s,machines forbalancingmechanicalparts903120 903120 Measuringorcheckinginstruments,appliancesandmachinesn .e .s,testbenches903130 903130 Measuringorcheckinginstruments,appliancesandmachinesn .e .s, profileprojectors903141 903141 Otheropticalinstrumentsandappliances,forinspectingsemiconductor wafersordevicesorforinspectingphotomasksorreticlesusedin manufacturingsemiconductordevices903180 903180 Othermeasuringorcheckinginstruments,appliancesandmachines,n .e .s .903190 903190 Partsandaccessoriesformeasuringorcheckinginstruments,appliances andmachines,n .e .s .903210 903210 Thermostats903220 903220 Manostats903289 903289 Otherautomaticregulatingorcontrollinginstrumentsandapparatus,n .e .s .903290 903290 Partsandaccessoriesforautomaticregulatingorcontrollinginstruments andapparatus
Source: Guide to Measuring the Information Society 2005 (OECD, 2005b).
Notes: Titles are according to the 2002 Harmonized System. Some have been changed slightly in the interests of clarity and space.
(1) Industry of origin not in the OECD ICT sector (2002).(2) HS 1996 and HS 2002 codes differ.