the future of quantified self in healthcare
TRANSCRIPT
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The Quantified SelfThe potential of self-monitoring for Health
Promotion
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Health PromotionHealth promotion is the process of enabling
people to increase control over, and to improve, their health.
It moves beyond a focus on individual behaviour towards a wide range of social and environmental interventions
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The Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion (WHO)
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Quantified Self for Health PromotionDeveloping Personal Skills
Self-awareness & self-optimisation understanding data
Strengthening Community Action Asthmapolis Google flu trends
Building Healthy Public Policies Big data to guide policy makers
Creating Supportive Environments Providing resources for tracking
Re-orientating Healthcare Services Prevention practises over curative measures Promotion of QS by Health care professionals
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Research AimTo explore the experiences and impact self-
monitoring and data collection has had on the lives of self-trackers, and the potential for their data to be used to better understand behaviour change mechanisms for human health and wellbeing.
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ObjectivesExplore the driving factors and reasons behind
individuals’ self-tracking and self-monitoring habits. Gain insight into what participants have discovered
through their self-tracking and self-monitoring habits. Discover the perceived benefits and barriers to self-
tracking. Gain insight into the experiences self-trackers have had
with their chosen habit. Explore participants’ views on the potential for
integration of self-tracking and self-monitoring behaviour into mainstream daily life
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MethodologyMixed methods approach
Online questionnaire semi-structured interviews
Data Collection & AnalysisSurvey MonkeySkype SPSS Inductive thematic analysis
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ResultsDemographics
25 respondents, 11male 8 female 6 undisclosedAge range: 18-84 (M=25-34)High socio-economic status
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0.00%10.00%20.00%30.00%40.00%50.00%60.00%70.00%80.00%90.00%
Perc
enta
ge o
f Use
rs
Catagories of Tools
Tools Used
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Benefits
Evidence based
approach to health
Improve/ optimise health
Greater understanding of oneself
Mindfulness
Self-awareness/
self-knowledge
Preventative
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Barriers
Consistency/
forgetfulness
Time-costs
Frequency and effort
Poor inter-operability
Skills required
Lack of privacy
Cheating
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0% 50% 100%
Yes
No
Confidentiality Concerns
0% 20% 40% 60%
Yes
No
Familiarity with privacy Terms and Conditions of Devices
0% 20% 40% 60%
YesNo
I don't know
Devices used Sharing with a Third Party
0% 50% 100%
Yes
No
Willing to Share Data Anonymously
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Overall positive experience of self tracking Satisfied with the available tools, process and
usability of the devices Self-awareness and self-knowledge to
optimise healthDesire to anonymously share data
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Interview ResultsDemographics
11 Interviews, 8 males, 3 femalesExperience 6 months- 40 yearsHigh Socio-economic Status
22 variables of tracking20 tools mentionedTime-costs:2.5mins-1hours
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Motivations & data UsageMotivations
Cue to action Curiosity Sports school or work requirements
Usage surgery, treatment and illness management self-diagnosis Accountability self-knowledge objective decision making prevention
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Process & ImpactProcess
quick and easy Consistency Cheating passive tracking Stressful obsessive
Impact rational decision making Confidence Support self-efficacy
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Benefits and BarriersBarriers
Inter-operability Correlations passive tracking interpretation of data & context self-doubt
Benefits Motivating objective viewpoint improve performance Lifestyle overall health
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London Survey ComparisonsRespondents:
London: 105 Dublin: 25
Measuring weight: London: 47% Dublin: 70%
Pen and paper still being used to track London: 28% Dublin: 32%
Willingness to share data London:84% Dublin: 90%
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Summary of ResultsMotivations
Self-knowledge self-optimization curiosity
Engagement Fitness Weight Nutrition sleep
Perception of time consumption
Data Usage informed choices Motivate Empowerment self-awareness self-efficacy
Barriers interpretation of data Correlations & Context Consistency psychological stresses
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Self-awareness“It is like when you are driving a car and you
see the fuel gauge. If you couldn’t see the fuel gauge you would just drive on but because you see it, you say ‘oh I am running low on fuel’ so I suppose if you see your weight going up or down, you can take action”
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Psychological Stress“I staggered home with my flashlight
knowing that I’d advance to sixty-five thousand, and that there will be no end to it until my feet snap off at the ankles. Then it’ll just be my jagged bones stabbing into the soft ground. Why is it some people can manage a thing like a Fitbit, while others go off the rails and allow it to rule, and perhaps even ruin, their lives?” (Sedaris, 2014)
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Future Integration in IrelandReputation: “nerdy”, time consumingEarly adopters & innovatorsRole of Health Care ProfessionalsAdaption of devices to better suit the needs
of individuals
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Recommendations for TechnologySecuring continued engagement from its
usersAvoiding early drop-offs in usageIncreasing devices passive tracking abilitiesProviding more cross-connection and
correlations of variables between devicesMust convey the meaning behind the data Make more suggestions to the user as to how
to improve their results
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Recommendations for ResearchStudy the defining characteristics of self-trackers, for example,
personality types and traits
Study the current and potential uses of self-tracking within alternative social classes, for which the experiences, perceived benefits and barriers may vary widely
Research on the actual impact self-tracking has on its users published work focused on initial integration and adoption, neglected to look at the effects of long term adoption and sustainable behaviour change
Evidence base required to promote more active integration of self-monitoring in to health promotion and primary care practices