1

P. Froeschle / Daimler AG

The Future of Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Commercialization

Jörg WindStrategic energy projects and market development BEV / FCV

2Dr. J. Wind / Daimler AG / 28.02.2012

Why do we need sustainable mobility- Global influencing factors for the future mobility

Sustainable mobility

Mega Cities / surroundings

Local emissions

CO2 regulations

Resource independency

Growing World Population & Industrialization

3Dr. J. Wind / Daimler AG / 28.02.2012

Drive Portfolio for the Mobility of Tomorrow

Long Distance Interurban City Traffic

Efficient Combustion Engine

Hybrid Drive

Plug-In / Range Extender

Electric Vehicle with Fuel Cell

Electric Vehicle with Battery

B-Class F-CELL

smart fortwo electric drive

Concept B-Class E-CELL PLUS

S 400 HYBRID

E 250 CDI BlueEFFICIENCY

4Dr. J. Wind / Daimler AG / 28.02.2012

Worldwide Fleet Operation with Daimler’s Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles

• New fleet operations will start in Germany, Europe, USA and Japan from 2010

• Operation of 200 Mercedes-Benz B-Class F-CELL, 30 Citaro FuelCELL Hybrid Busses and 3 Mercedes-Benz Sprinter

• All fleet operations / demonstrations have to be recognized as first steps to a later commercialization

Daimler has the target to commercialize fuel cell vehicles in the foreseeable future

B-Class F-CELL

Citaro FuelCELL Hybrid

HySys Sprinter

5Dr. J. Wind / Daimler AG / 28.02.2012

Almost 20 years experience with FCEVs

History of Daimler’s Fuel Cell Vehicles

Concepts and Feasibility Studies Fit for daily use/ Fleet tests Small Series

1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006

Necar 3 Necar 5

Necar 4Necar 2 A-Class F-Cell F600 A-Class F- Cell

Advanced

Nutzfahrzeuge

Methanol

Necar 1 Nebus Fuel Cell Sprinter Fuel Cell Citaro Fuel Cell Sprinter

Citaro FuelCELL-Hybrid

Next Gen FCEVs

Series

Fuel Cell Sprinter

B-class F-Cell

2007 20102008 2009 2014

Passenger Cars

6Dr. J. Wind / Daimler AG / 28.02.2012

Future GenerationsFuture Generations

Generation 1Technology Demonstration

A-Class F-Cell

Generation 3Cost Reduction I

Passenger CarsLead Application

Generation 1Technology Demonstration

Citaro Fuel Cell

Generation 2Customer Acceptance

Citaro FuelCELL Hybrid

Bus

Generation 1Technology Demonstration

Generation 2Customer Acceptance

Sprinter

Generation 5Mass Production

2004

2010

Daimler is dedicated to commercialize fuel cell vehicles

Daimler’s Fuel Cell Technology Roadmap

Generation 4Market IntroductionCost Reduction II

Generation 2Customer Acceptance

B-Class F-Cell

7Dr. J. Wind / Daimler AG / 28.02.2012

The Current Generation of Fuel Cell Vehicles – “Driving the Future” becomes Reality

Technical DataVehicle Mercedes-Benz B-Class

Fuel Cell System PEM, 90 kW (122 hp)

Engine Output (Cont./ Peak) 70kW / 100kW (136 hp)Max. Torque: 290 Nm

Fuel Compressed hydrogen (70 MPa)

Range 380 km (NEFZ)

Top Speed 170 km/h

Li-Ion Battery Output (Cont./ Peak): 24 kW / 30 kW (40 hp) Capacity: 6.8 Ah, 1.4 kWh

• Freeze Start capability

• Short refueling time and high range

• Emissions-free (CO2 )

• Silent operation

8Dr. J. Wind / Daimler AG / 28.02.2012

B-Class F-Cell

Next generation of the fuel cell-power train:

• Higher stack lifetime (>2000h)

• Increased power• Higher reliability• Freeze start ability• Li-Ion Battery

Size-

40%

[l/10

0km

Consumption-

16%

[kW

]

Power+30%

Progress Fuel Cell Technology - Next Generation FCVs

[km

]Range+135%

Technical DataVehicle Type Mercedes-Benz A-Class (Long)

Fuel Cell System PEM, 72 kW (97 hp)

Engine

Engine Output (Continuous / Peak): 45 kW / 65 kW (87hp) Max. Torque: 210 Nm

Fuel Hydrogen (35 MPa / 5,000 psi)Range 105 miles (170 km / NEDC)

Top Speed 88 mph (140 km/h)

BatteryNiMh, Output (Continuous / Peak): 15 kW / 20 kW (27hp); Capacity: 6 Ah, 1.2 kWh

Technical DataVehicle Type Mercedes-Benz B-Class

Fuel Cell System PEM, 90 kW (122 hp)

Engine

IPT Engine Output (Continuous/ Peak) 70kW / 100kW (136hp)Max. Torque: 290 Nm

Fuel Compressed Hydrogen (70 MPa / 10,000 psi)

Range ca. 250 miles (400 km)Top Speed 106 mph (170 km/h)

BatteryLi-Ion, Output (Continuous/ Peak): 24 kW / 30 kW (40hp); Capacity 6.8 Ah, 1.4 kWh

A-Class F-Cell

9Dr. J. Wind / Daimler AG / 28.02.2012

Mercedes-Benz F-CELL World Drive 2011

• 125 days • 14 countries• 3 B-Class F-CELL• approx 30,000 km per vehicle

10Dr. J. Wind / Daimler AG / 28.02.2012

Key Components of the Fuel Cell Power Train *

PDU / PDB

H2 pressure tanks

Fuel cell stack

H2 supply stack

E-motor with transmission

Cooling module Battery

Humidifier for stack

Air module with filter and compressor

* Packaging example based on the Mercedes-Benz B-Class F-CELL

11Dr. J. Wind / Daimler AG / 28.02.2012

Compact MPV*

* MPV = Multi-purpose vehicle

SUVCoupé

Most Important FC Manufacturer and their Current Fuel Cell Passenger Car Models

Many of the biggest and most important automobile manufacturers are committed to develop and commercialize fuel cell vehicles

GM Equinox Fuel Cell Nissan X-Trail FCV

Hyundai Tucson FCEV Kia Borrego FCEV

Toyota FCHV

MB B-Class F-CELL

Renault Scenic ZEV H2

Honda FCX Clarity

Fiat Panda Hydrogen

VW Tiguan HyMotion

Compact Class

Ford Focus FCV Hybrid

City Car

12Dr. J. Wind / Daimler AG / 28.02.2012

The Future of Electric Vehicles with Fuel Cell

The Mercedes-Benz Research Vehicle F 125! shows the potential of the fuel cell technology

Due to further modularization, packaging of future electric vehicles with fuel cell will be simplified

Packaging Concept

The current generation The future generation

Electric engine Hydrogen tank

Li-Ion Battery

Fuel cell

The fuel-cell system can be placed in fully below the front hood

1,000 km emission-free driving

Future generation hydrogen storage- and battery technology

13Dr. J. Wind / Daimler AG / 28.02.2012

Citaro FuelCELL-Hybrid

Technical Data

Power FC-System 250 kW

Durability (FC) 4 years

Drive power 205 kW, for < 15-20 sec

Hydrogen Storage 40 – 42 kg Hydrogen (350 bar)

Range 180 - 220 km

HV-Battery --

Efficiency FC-System 43 - 38 %

H2 -Consumption 20 – 24 kg / 100 km

Technical Data

Power FC-System 120 kW (const.) / 140 kW (max.)

Durability (FC) 6 years

Drive power Output (const. / max.): 2 x 80 kW / 2 x 120 kW

Hydrogen Storage 35 kg Hydrogen (350 bar)

Range > 250 km

HV-Battery 26,9 kWh, Output 250 kW

Efficiency FC-System 58 - 51 %

H2 -Consumption 10 – 14 kg / 100 km

BZ-Bus (CUTE)

2 Fuel Cell Systems alsoused in B-Class F-CELL

The Citaro FuelCELL-Hybrid is the next Generation of Fuel Cell Bus

Durability+50%

[l/10

0km

Consumption- 45%

Wirkungs- grad (FC)

+35%

[km

]

Range+25%

[Jah

re]

Next Generation Fuel Cell Hybrid Bus Power Train

Energy retrieving through hybridization (recuperation)

Higher efficiency

Passenger comfort through noise reduction and steady acceleration

Optimum availability – improved

Higher lifetime

Next Generation Fuel Cell Hybrid Bus Power Train

Energy retrieving through hybridization (recuperation)

Higher efficiency

Passenger comfort through noise reduction and steady acceleration

Optimum availability – improved

Higher lifetime

14Dr. J. Wind / Daimler AG / 28.02.2012

Fuel Cell Busses

Mercedes-Benz Citaro FuelCELL-Hybrid Hyundai Fuel Cell BusToyota-Hino FCHV Bus

Van Hool A330 Fuel Cell New Flyer H40LFR

• The fuel cell technology also reasonable applicable in buses• No problems of space for the voluminous additional components (tank and battery system

can be stored on the roof of the bus)• Operational profile of city buses suits very good for the application of the fuel cell technology

(low mileage, low average speed, …)

Current Fuel Cell Bus Models

15Dr. J. Wind / Daimler AG / 28.02.2012

The costs for the fuel cell power train are currently much higher than those from conventional drive systems. They can be reduced considerably through scale effects and technology advances.

A reduction of the costs on the level of conventional drive trains is possible.

Regarding the TCO1 comparable values to conventional drive systems are reachable.

Cost Potentials of the Fuel Cell Technology

Cost reductionthrough scale effects

Cos

ts P

ower

Tra

in p

er V

ehic

le

TechnologyGeneration I

A-Class F-CELL

Technology Generation II

B-Class F-CELL

Technology Mass Market

Hybrid

Fuel Cell Vehicle Hybrid

Cost reductionthrough establishment of a competitive supply industry

Cost reductionthrough technical advances

Cost reductionthrough technical advances

1) Total Cost of Ownership

16Dr. J. Wind / Daimler AG / 28.02.2012

AFCC DaimlerNuCellSys

Stack System Power Train Vehicle

Daimler

Development Process of Key Components -Fuel Cell Power Train

The Automotive Fuel Cell Cooperation (AFCC) is a Joint-Venture between Daimler AG, Ford Motor Company und Ballard Power Systems founded in 2007

Nucellsys GmbH is a subsidiary of Daimler AG and has been founded in 2005

17Dr. J. Wind / Daimler AG / 28.02.2012

Variety of sources to produce hydrogen and electricity

H2Electricity

Synthetic fuels (GTL)sulphur-free, free of aromatic compounds

Natural Gas (CNG)

1. Gen. Bio-Fuels (Ethanol from wheat, Biodiesel from Rape)

2.Gen. Bio-Fuels(NExBTL, Synt. Diesel from Biomass )

WindWater Solar

Bio-Mass

Natural Gas

Crude Oil Conventional fuelssulphur-free, free of aromatic compounds

fuelsprimary energy sources for car fuels

toda

yto

mor

row

Potential to store the fluctuating energy and support the energy change in Germany

18Dr. J. Wind / Daimler AG / 28.02.2012

Technical Configuration of a Hydrogen Fueling Station

Status quo of hydrogen filling stations:

Pre-cooling down to -40° Celsius

Pressure of the hydrogen 350 and 700 bar

Infrared data interface for communication vehicle <> filling station

Standard: SAE J2601, SAE J2799

Refueling time: approx. 3 minutes for the B-Class F-CELL (ca. 4 kg hydrogen)

Unitized construction / scalable

19Dr. J. Wind / Daimler AG / 28.02.2012

Important Steps on the Way to a Commercialization of Fuel Cell Vehicles started in September 2009

Letter of Understanding Memorandum of Understanding

„Commitment to the development and market introduction of Fuel Cell

vehicles“

„H2 -Mobility –Major companies sign up to

hydrogen infrastructure built-up plan in Germany“

It is essential to realize the commercialization of fuel cell vehicles and the build-up of the hydrogen infrastructure at the same time and in the same dimension

Commercialization FCVs Build-up H2 -Infrastructure

20Dr. J. Wind / Daimler AG / 28.02.2012

German Initiative “H2 -Mobility“

Involved companies and organizations

Realization of the activities in 2 phases

Phase 1: 2009 – 2012Development of a business plan and joint venture negotiations. The target is a build-up plan for a nationwide hydrogen infrastructure.

Phase 2: 2012+Foundation of a consortium and action plan for the build-up of a hydrogen fuelling station network

A strong partnership of motivated stakeholder

Germany as lead market in Europe

Leading industrial concerns want a build-up plan for a area- wide hydrogen infrastructure

Major expansion of the hydrogen filling station networks until the end of 2011

Important milestone on the way to emission free mobility

Initiative “H2 -Mobility” - Germany as lead Market in Europe for Hydrogen Infrastructure

21Dr. J. Wind / Daimler AG / 28.02.2012

Our Commitment: 20 H2-fuelling stations as a catalyst for the market introduction of fuel cell technology

Key Facts Approximate allocation

• 20 new H2 fuelling stations will be built from 2012 jointly by Daimler and Linde with support of federal government

• Fuelling stations primarily in „high-density“ regions (e.g. Baden-Württemberg), metropolis and corridors

• Germany as first country, which will get an area- wide H2 -infrastructure

2011 2012 2013 2014

Discussions with retail partners and location agreements

Green = in operation / ongoing implementationGrey = Extension of existing hydrogen regions

20 H2 -fuelling stations until 2014

22Dr. J. Wind / Daimler AG / 28.02.2012

The way to an area-wide hydrogen infrastructure network (Example Germany)

Chicken-Egg Dilemma

Clean Energy Partnership (2002-2016)

H2 Mobility (since 2009)

Daimler/Linde Cooperation (2011-2014)

H2 Mobility Joint Venture (from 2012/13)

I

II

III

IV

Initiative for build-up of nationwide H2 -Infrastructure.Development of a business plan and joint venture negotiations were

the first steps

20 new H2 fuelling stations are planned in Germany in a cooperation with The Linde Group and Daimler AG. The first station will be built

in 2012

Transformation of H2 Mobility to a Joint Venture

H2 and FC Demonstration project in following federal states: Berlin, Hamburg, Hessen, Nordrhein-Westfalen and Baden-Württemberg

No vehicles without the infrastructure, no infrastructure without vehicles

23Dr. J. Wind / Daimler AG / 28.02.2012

Global Main Activities for the Build-up of H2 -InfrastructureFurther activities expected in:

• Western Europe (Scandinavia)• Asia (China)• Hawaii

2010 2011 2013 2015

514

2040

80

250

450

H2filling station build-up (public filling stations)

Build-up of the filling station infrastructure depends on the business plan within the scope of H2-Mobility.

Germany

Optimistic Scenario

Pessimistic Scenario

Build-up of the hydrogen infrastructure especially in the scope of the public funded „Japan Hydrogen & Fuel Cell Project“ (JHFC)

Japan

2010 2011 2013 2015

1318

15 22

2880

120

H2filling station build-up (public filling stations)

Optimistic Scenario

Pessimistic Scenario

Build up filling station infrastructure depend on CaFCP Action Plan, CARB + CEC calls.

From 20,000 FC vehicles (in discussion 2,000 vehicles) the filling station operators will be obliged by law to provide the necessary H2infrastructure (CFO: Clean Fuels Outlet)

USA

2010 2011 2013 2015

1216

2435

65

100

200

H2filling station build-up (public filling stations)

Optimistic Scenario

Pessimistic Scenario

24Dr. J. Wind / Daimler AG / 28.02.2012

Currently there is a significant momentum in several markets to push for the commercialization of H2-infrastructure

•

South Korea laid out "Green Car Roadmap"

including action for EV, PHEV,

HEV, FCEV, and bio diesel•

Plans to have 168 HRS

and 98,800

FCEV

deployed by 2020

•

Announced government support

for EV

of up to EUR 20,000

in rebates, tax

exemptions, and bonus/malus•

Incentives for FCEV

will be defined later but are expected to be comparable

to EV

•

Announcement by 13 companies

(3 OEMs and 10 energy and infrastructure

providers) and the Ministry of Transport to commercialize FCEV•

Mass production of FCEV by 2015•

100 HRS operational

in 4 four metropolitan areas and connecting

highways planned

•

Hyundai-Kia Motors and key hydrogen stakeholders from the Nordic countries, (Sweden, Denmark, Norway, Iceland) signed a MoU

with the aim of collaboration

towards market deployment of zero emission hydrogen powered FCEVs•

FCEV will be used to complement the Scandinavian Hydrogen Highway Partnership (SHHP) fleet

of 26 FCEV and to be increased to 46 in 2011

•

SHHP also plans to increase number of HRS from 7 to 15 by 2015Source: Daimler + McKinsey

25Dr. J. Wind / Daimler AG / 28.02.2012

Strong public-private partnership with a focused objective

European Union represented by the European Commission

Industry Grouping (NEW-IG ) 62 Members

Research Grouping (N.ERGHY) 61 members

The Joint Undertaking is managed by a governing board composed of representatives of all three partners and lead by the Industry.

To accelerate the

development of

technology base towards

market deployment

of FCH technologies

from 2015 onwards

To accelerate the

development of

technology base towards

market deployment

of FCH technologies

from 2015 onwards

Fuel Cells and Hydrogen Joint Undertaking

Fuel

Cells

and Hydrogen

Technology in the

European Context: FCH JTI

26Dr. J. Wind / Daimler AG / 28.02.2012

Successful programme

Annual calls for project proposals= key tool for financial support

Budget breakdown by application area

Early Markets(12-14%)

Cross-cutting activities (6-8%)

Transportation & Refuelling infrastructure

(32-36%)

Stationary Power Generation & CHP (34-37%)

Hydrogen Production & Distribution (10-12%)

Budget: min. 940 M€ in 2008-2013

Principle: 50/50 cost-sharing between EU and Industry

Focus: Implementation plans formulated in close cooperation by all JU partners

Impact: 100 projects supported in calls 2008 - 2011, programme review shows good progress, two more calls to be implemented

Fuel

Cells

and Hydrogen

Technology in the

European Context: FCH JTI

27Dr. J. Wind / Daimler AG / 28.02.2012

The

FCH JTI has four

main

Application

Areas(AA)

AA 1: Hydrogen Vehicles & Infrastructure Technologies

Improve and validate H2 vehicle and infrastructure technologies to the level required for commercialisation decision by 2015 & mass market roll-out by 2020

AA 2: Sustainable H2 Supply

10 – 20 % of the H2 supplied for energy applications to be CO2 lean or free by 2015

AA 3: Competitive FCs

for Combined Head & Power Generation

100 MW capacity in operation by 2015

AA 4: FCs

for Early Markets

14,000 early market FC products in the market by 2015

28Dr. J. Wind / Daimler AG / 28.02.2012

FCH JTI target

targets

(from Multi Annual

Implementation

Plan)

29Dr. J. Wind / Daimler AG / 28.02.2012

FCH JTI target

targets

(from Multi Annual

Implementation

Plan)

30Dr. J. Wind / Daimler AG / 28.02.2012

FCH Joint Undertaking to continue under Horizon 2020

FCH technologies are essential for achieving a low carbon, inclusive and

competitive economy = EU’s strategic objectives

FCH technologies are essential for achieving a low carbon, inclusive and

competitive economy = EU’s strategic objectives

Great technological progress made, but significant effort still ahead

– a strong public-private partnership will enable the shift

Great technological progress made, but significant effort still ahead

– a strong public-private partnership will enable the shift

Creating stable business environment, sharing market-entry risks and introducing adequate support

mechanisms will trigger private necessary investment

Creating stable business environment, sharing market-entry risks and introducing adequate support

mechanisms will trigger private necessary investment

Success of existing programme creates a strong case for continuation

and strengthening of FCH Joint Undertaking under Horizon 2020

Success of existing programme creates a strong case for continuation

and strengthening of FCH Joint Undertaking under Horizon 2020

Future Outlook: Follow

up of FCH JTI in Horizon

2020

31Dr. J. Wind / Daimler AG / 28.02.2012

FCH Joint Undertaking to continue under Horizon 2020Success

of Fuel

Cell

and Hydrogen

Technology needs

technological

development, private investment

and political

support

• Further funding support of Hydrogen/Fuell-Cell R&D in Horizon 2020

• Support of H2-Infrastructure build-up (e.g. by TEN-T projects)

• Strong consideration of Hydrogen and Fuell-Cell Technology in Energy Roadmap 2050

• Acceleration of defining standards (i.e. worldwide harmonized) for fuell-cell vehicles (safety, H2-storage system)

• Regulatory support and customer incentives for fast market uptake

How Politics can support:

32Dr. J. Wind / Daimler AG / 28.02.2012

Thanks for your attention!

33Dr. J. Wind / Daimler AG / 28.02.2012

BACKUP

34Dr. J. Wind / Daimler AG / 28.02.2012

Fuel Cell Stack – The Heart of the FC Power Train

Single fuel cell

Fuel Cell StackWith endplate and connection

1. Protons and electrons arise on the anode by oxidation of hydrogen

2. Protons (H+-Ions) pass through the membra- ne and react with the oxygen, forming water

3. Electrons flow through an outer electric circuit to the cathode

The potential difference, which is generated by the reaction between the two electrodes, can be converted in the outer electric circuit to electric energy

Functionality of a Fuel CellConstruction of a Fuel Cell Stack

Bipolar element with flow channel for oxygen

Oxygen supply (Cathode)

Polymer-electrolyte- membrane (PEM)

Hydrogen supply (Anode)

Bipolar element with flow channel for hydrogen

Oxygen

Hydrogen

Construction of a Single Fuel Cell

35Dr. J. Wind / Daimler AG / 28.02.2012

Overview E-Drive Variants – Mass and Volumes of drive train for a range of 500km (B-Class in NEDC)

Diesel Plug-In Hybrid BEV FCV

Packaging

Energy Storage and Mass

Tank 45 kgTank, Battery (14,6 kWh)

E-Range 70 km

Battery (100kWh)

E-Range 500 km

180 kg 830 kg H2 -Tank, Battery (1,4 kWh)

E-Range 2-5 km

131 kg

Energy Conversion and Mass

ICE

Transmission215 kg

E-Motor, Trans- mission, Converter

ICE, Generator, Converter

275 kgE-Motor, Transmission, Converter

147 kg

E-Motor, Trans- mission, Converter, HV DC/DC

FC System

276 kg

Drive Train Mass977 kg 407 kg455 kg260 kg

Drive Train Volume 125 l 319 l 760 l 480 l

Because of weight reasons battery electric vehicles with a range of 500 km can not be realized