The French The French RevolutionRevolution

Mr. ErmerMr. Ermer

World HistoryWorld History

Miami Beach Senior HighMiami Beach Senior High

Two Worlds, Two Two Worlds, Two RevolutionsRevolutions

1789: The United States ratify their new 1789: The United States ratify their new constitution, French revolution beginsconstitution, French revolution begins– Aims to create new political and social orderAims to create new political and social order– Major turning point in European historyMajor turning point in European history

Social inequality was problem for FranceSocial inequality was problem for France– Three estates had not changed since M. AgesThree estates had not changed since M. Ages

First estate (clergy): exempt from paying taxesFirst estate (clergy): exempt from paying taxes Second estate (nobles): owned 25-30% of landSecond estate (nobles): owned 25-30% of land Third estate (majority): little to no power in societyThird estate (majority): little to no power in society

The Three EstatesThe Three Estates Third estate is made up of many groups, Third estate is made up of many groups,

some educated, some notsome educated, some not Relics of Feudalism:Relics of Feudalism: aristocratic aristocratic

privileges, fees for use of village facilitiesprivileges, fees for use of village facilities Bourgeoisie:Bourgeoisie: upper middle class (third upper middle class (third

estate), 8% of population, owns 25% landestate), 8% of population, owns 25% land– Resented the nobility, but had chance at Resented the nobility, but had chance at

nobilitynobility Many aristocrats and bourgeoisie upset Many aristocrats and bourgeoisie upset

with monarchy’s powerwith monarchy’s power– Aspire to Enlightenment idealsAspire to Enlightenment ideals

Financial CrisisFinancial Crisis Bad harvests (1787-88) and slow down in Bad harvests (1787-88) and slow down in

manufacturing=unemployment, raising manufacturing=unemployment, raising prices, food shortagesprices, food shortages– 3 million poor people, with nothing to eat3 million poor people, with nothing to eat

King spends $$ on wars and fancy partiesKing spends $$ on wars and fancy parties King Louis XVI calls first meeting of the King Louis XVI calls first meeting of the

Estates-General since 1614 to raise taxesEstates-General since 1614 to raise taxes– Each estate had representativesEach estate had representatives

First and Second Estates= 300 delegatesFirst and Second Estates= 300 delegates Third Estate= 600 delegatesThird Estate= 600 delegates

The National AssemblyThe National Assembly Third estates wants new constitution, Third estates wants new constitution,

taxes to be paid by everybodytaxes to be paid by everybody Used to be each estate has one voteUsed to be each estate has one vote

– Third estate wants one vote per delegateThird estate wants one vote per delegate– King denies claim, old way staysKing denies claim, old way stays

Third estate leaves, est National Third estate leaves, est National AssemblyAssembly– Goal: create new constitution/governmentGoal: create new constitution/government– N.A. locked out of meeting places, moves to N.A. locked out of meeting places, moves to

indoor tennis courtindoor tennis court– Tennis Court OathTennis Court Oath

Bastille DayBastille Day

July 14, 1789: Parisians storm the July 14, 1789: Parisians storm the Bastille, government flees to VersaillesBastille, government flees to Versailles

Louis XVI can no longer trust troopsLouis XVI can no longer trust troops Rebellions all over France, cities & Rebellions all over France, cities &

countrycountry The Great Fear: citizens form militiasThe Great Fear: citizens form militias August 4: National Assembly votes to August 4: National Assembly votes to

abolish landlord rights, financial abolish landlord rights, financial privilegesprivileges

July 14: Bastille DayJuly 14: Bastille Day

Declarations of the Rights of Declarations of the Rights of ManMan

Nat’l Assembly adopts doc inspired by Nat’l Assembly adopts doc inspired by U.S. Constitution and Dec. of U.S. Constitution and Dec. of Independence & English Bill of RightsIndependence & English Bill of Rights– Women not includedWomen not included

Louis XVI remains in Versailles, women Louis XVI remains in Versailles, women storm palace demanding king’s approvalstorm palace demanding king’s approval

Royal Family goes to Paris with food, but Royal Family goes to Paris with food, but the king and family are imprisoned in the king and family are imprisoned in ParisParis

Church & Constitutional Church & Constitutional ReformsReforms

Catholic Church seen as link to old orderCatholic Church seen as link to old order– Assembly needs money, sells church landsAssembly needs money, sells church lands

Assembly nationalizes church, Catholics Assembly nationalizes church, Catholics become enemies of the revolutionbecome enemies of the revolution

Constitution of 1791: limited monarchyConstitution of 1791: limited monarchy– Many think it is too similar to before, many Many think it is too similar to before, many

think it is too different, king seen as disloyal think it is too different, king seen as disloyal when he tries to flee France but returned to when he tries to flee France but returned to Paris by soldiersParis by soldiers

War With AustriaWar With Austria

Austria and Prussia nervous revolution Austria and Prussia nervous revolution may spread to their countriesmay spread to their countries– Invade France in support of King Louis XVIInvade France in support of King Louis XVI

Legislative Assembly declares warLegislative Assembly declares war– Look for somebody to blame for early lossesLook for somebody to blame for early losses

Citizens attack palace and assembly bldgCitizens attack palace and assembly bldg New assembly called to create new govn’tNew assembly called to create new govn’t Power belongs to “Paris Commune” and Power belongs to “Paris Commune” and

the the sans-culottessans-culottes

Radical RevolutionRadical Revolution Paris Commune attacks those who Paris Commune attacks those who

supported the king, then massacred supported the king, then massacred themthem

1792: New assembly, Nat’l Convention, 1792: New assembly, Nat’l Convention, abolishes monarchy, establishes republicabolishes monarchy, establishes republic– Disagree on what else to do, split:Disagree on what else to do, split:– Girondine: Girondine: feared mobs, king alivefeared mobs, king alive– Mountain: Mountain: wanted king deadwanted king dead

Mountain wins, condemn king to deathMountain wins, condemn king to death– Guillotine: Guillotine: machine used to behead people machine used to behead people

quickly and “humanely”quickly and “humanely” Death of king makes French Revolution Death of king makes French Revolution

unpopular all over the worldunpopular all over the world

Crises & ResponseCrises & Response Parisian Commune pushes Nat’l Convention Parisian Commune pushes Nat’l Convention

to adopt more radical policiesto adopt more radical policies– Nat’l Convention does not control whole countryNat’l Convention does not control whole country

Austria, Prussia, Spain, Portugal, Britain, and Austria, Prussia, Spain, Portugal, Britain, and the Dutch Republic declare war on Francethe Dutch Republic declare war on France– French army falls back as armies invadeFrench army falls back as armies invade

France establishes Committee of Public France establishes Committee of Public SafetySafety– To squash domestic threats to revolution, CPS To squash domestic threats to revolution, CPS

executes 40,000 people in executes 40,000 people in Reign of TerrorReign of Terror CPS says killing was only temporaryCPS says killing was only temporary

Work On It:

On page 312, write and answer questions 1-4