the french revolution
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The French Revolution. The Roots of the Revolution. “Out of a Population of 20 millions of people… there are 19 millions more wretched (poor), more accursed in every circumstance of human existence, than the most conspicuously wretched individuals of the whole united states.”. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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The Roots of the Revolution
THE FRENCH REVOLUTION
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Quote from Thomas Jefferson
“OUT OF A POPULATION OF 20 MILLIONS OF PEOPLE…
THERE ARE 19 MILLIONS MORE WRETCHED (POOR),
MORE ACCURSED IN EVERY CIRCUMSTANCE OF HUMAN
EXISTENCE, THAN THE MOST CONSPICUOUSLY
WRETCHED INDIVIDUALS OF THE WHOLE UNITED
STATES.”
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The Old Regime is a term used to describe life how it used to be in France, before all the changes that the French Revolution brought about.
Under the old Regime, society was broken into 3 EstatesThe Clergy, the Nobles, and the Bourgeoisie
THE OLD REGIME
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The First Estate, they made up only about 1% of the French Population
The Church was EXTREMELY wealthy. They higher clergy became greedy and ignored their
spiritual duties. They did not pay taxes, but collected taxes, rent, and
fees, increasing their wealth
THE CLERGY
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The 2nd Estate consisted of the Nobility. They made up about 2% of the French Population They paid few, if any taxesHeld highest positions in the government and armyNobility was inherited by the eldest son. This included
titles and lands.
THE NOBILITY
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The 3 rd estate was the rest of the people. They made up 97% of the French Population. Some of them were upper-middle class. They included
merchants manufacturers and the professionals. However, the larger majority were very poor. They
included city workers, artisans, and rural peasants. Peasants were the largest group. Even though they were the poorest, they paid the
most in taxes. On top of that, they paid rent for the land they
worked and were forced to pay tithe to the church.
THE BOURGEOISIE
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Connecting to today
OCCUPY WALLSTREET!
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Growing discontent erupted with the last year.
Protesters argue the growing disparity between the rich and poor.
In fact, they argue that the richest 1% are making loads of money, while the rest of the 99% are struggling.
The top 1% of the population make 23% of the total income made in the US
WE ARE THE 99%
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OCCUPY SLC
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GROWING DISCONTENT
Back to the French Revolution
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Growing population, more mouths to feedFood prices and taxes being raisedWhile the poor were getting poorer, the rich lived
lavishly and had plenty to eat.Bourgeoisie wanted political power, or at least a say
in the taxes they were payingAbove all wanted Liberty and equality.
(Enlightenment)Decided to challenge the King’s power.
SEVERAL PROBLEMS
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Extreme spending from the absolute monarchs made France broke.
Monarchs kept up with expensive habits while the 3 rd estate was suffering
When Louis the XV was warned of his expensive habits, he proclaimed “It will survive my time. After me, the deluge.”
After a while, Louis XVI tried to taxes the first 2 estates, but they refused.
Louis the XVI married Marie-Antoinette, who became a hate symbol in France for her over-spending.
FINANCIAL CRISIS
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Married when she was 15, Queen when she became 19.
Known to spend thousands on dresses and hair accessories.
“Let them eat cake!”Eventually prisoned
and beheaded.
MARIE-ANTOINETTE
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King Louis XVI called together the estates to help address problems.
The 3 rd estate was fed up with being stepped on. The 3 rd estate declared itself the National Assembly
when their demands were not met.The beginning of the French RevolutionThe National Assembly would not stop until a written
constitution was adopted in France.
THE MEETING OF THE ESTATES GENERAL
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The Revolution Begins
THE FRENCH REVOLUTION
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The National Assembly meets. Being Cautious, King Louis XVI moved troops into
Paris and VersaillesThe National Assembly, fearing that they would be
driven out by force, decides to take actionOn July 14,1789 they capture the Bastille Prison. They loot it for weapons, and then destroy it. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=poh1_WxNGng
THE SPREAD OF THE REVOLUTION
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Now with more power, the National Assembly outlawed the tithe, canceled all feudal dues and services owed by peasants
Essentially, doing away with feudalism in France.
THE END OF THE OLD REGIME
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Document that dealt with basic human rights and political powers
“all men are born equal”
Freedom of speech, press, and religion
“Liberty, Equality, and Fraternity!”
Specifically meant for men.
THE DECLARATION OF THE RIGHTS OF MAN
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A PlaywrightPart of the RevolutionBelieved that women
should be included in equality.
Wrote the Declaration of the Rights of Women and Citizenesses.
The Leaders of the Revolution rejected it.
OLYMPE DE GOUGES
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National assembly drafted a constitution for FranceDivided government into 3 branches, judicial, executive,
legislativeMaking a constitutional Monarchy, kept King intact, but
limited his powers. King could no longer make or block his own lawsTax-paying males voted members into the Legislative
AssemblyLouis XVI reluctantly agreed to new powers… however,
secretly plotted with escaped nobles to restore old regime. Louis the XVI eventually tried to escape France in
disguise, but was recognized and sent back to ParisKing’s attempted escape marked a turning point. People
no longer trusted the King
THE CONSTITUTION OF 1791
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New Constitution goes into effect. Not very good, only lasts a year.Weak executive branch, inexperience in democracy. Differing attitudes:
Radicals –Assembly hasn’t gone far enough Conservatives -Assembly has gone to far Moderates- No extreme views.
On top of that War breaks out with Austria, shows the weakness of the current system.
In the end, Radical view prevailed and the monarchy needed to be ended, and a new government need to be instated.
NEW CONSTITUTION IN ACTION
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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V5mKZtMc2ng&feature=related
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JSeHJDBfD6U&feature=related
MOVIE CONTINUED!
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THE FRENCH REPUBLIC
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National Assembly meets again to discuss where to go from here.
Delegates are elected through Universal Manhood Suffrage
The Radicals who led the debate Danton, Robespierre, and Marat
National Convention tried Louis XVI for plotting against the security of the nation
Found him guilty and sentenced him to death
THE NATIONAL CONVENTION
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Many other European Monarchs found the French Revolution terrifying and took steps to keep it from spreading
Even people of the former Bourgeoisie disliked the radical nature of the Revolution
They were called counterrevolutionariesHowever, those who spoke out against the radicals
were arrested.
OPPOSITION
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Marat is assassinated by Charlotte Corday
Stabbed him while he was bathing
Was her attempt to stop an all-out Civil War
ASSASSINATION OF MARAT
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DEATH OF MARAT
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THE REIGN OF TERROR
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Robespierre
“IT IS NECESSARY TO ANNIHILATE BOTH
THE INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL ENEMIES
OF THE REPUBLIC OR PERISH WITH ITS
FALL”
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Those even suspected of being apart of the counterrevolution were executed
Targeted the old nobility, but also punished ANYONE who was seen as disloyal
During the Reign of Terror, twice as many bourgeoisie were executed compared to nobility.
This included Olympe de GougeDanton, former radical, believed the reign of terror
had met its goal in stopping the counterrevolutionRobespierre accused him of being disloyal and had
him beheaded.Lasted from September 1793 to July 1794
REIGN OF TERROR
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Finally, a few members went against Robespierre and had him beheaded.
Radicals lost powerFeeling of unrest led to a favorable return to a
monarchyhttp://
www.youtube.com/watch?v=2CbxmxyW9CQ&feature=related&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1&safe=active
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-g-GD3ucbPo&feature=related&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1&safe=active
REIGN OF TERROR
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RISE OF NAPOLEON BONAPARTE