THE END OF THE WARThe end is just the beginning…

Peace - 1918

THE GREAT WAR ENDS

Italy takes a better offer.

U-Boats/Mexico and the USA

100 day offensive Kaiser Wilhelm runs 11-11-11 (5 years

after the assassination)

No “real” defeat

Paris Peace Conference 1919

TREATY OF VERSAILLES

United States British Empire France Italy Japan

What would each country want to accomplish at these talks?

Who is missing?

Canada has its own seat at the conference. Why is this important?

Wilson’s Dream

PRESIDENT WOODROW WILSON

His 14 points included: Public Diplomacy Free navigation of seas No economic barriers Disarmament Self-Government Restoring borders A general association of

nations to guarantee independence for all countries

“I would rather lose in a cause that will some day win, than win

in a cause that will some day lose.”

"One cool judgement is worth a thousand hasty counsels. The thing to

do is to supply light and not heat."

Someone Has to Pay

WAR GUILT CLAUSE

Germany accepts responsibility for “all the loss and damage to which the Allied and Associated Governments and their nationals have been subjected as a consequence of war imposed upon them by the aggression of Germany and her allies.”

(Similar wording was used for Germany’s allies)

The Cost of War

REPARATIONS

LOSS OF LAND

Germany would pay 132 gold marks ($400 billion in today’s dollars)

Would pay through cash, resources and intellectual property.

Germany made a final payment in 2010 (after the debt was canceled in 1931)

More Penalties

MILITARY RESTRICTIONS OCCUPATION OF THE RHINELAND

No more than 100K troops

Navy limits No importing or

exporting weapons No gas, tanks, armed

aircraft and restrictions on guns

Demilitarized zone west and east of the Rhine

A New Europe

COUNTRIES WHO GAINED TERRITORY

Yugoslavia (creation) Romania Austria Greece France Italy Denmark Belgium Czechoslovakia (creation) Poland (creation) Estonia Latvia Ireland (creation) Japan

The Same Old Europeans

IN THE MIDDLE EAST

European powers promised self-government to the Arabs in exchange for help fighting the Ottomans

Instead a secret agreement was made (Sykes-Picot)

"A lot of the problems we are having to deal with now, I have to deal with now, are a consequence of our colonial past. ... The Balfour Declaration and the contradictory assurances which were being given to Palestinians in private at the same time as they were being given to the Israelis—again, an interesting history for us but not an entirely honourable one.“-British Foreign Secretary in 2002

A League of Nations

IMPORTANT FOUNDING MEMBERS

THE MANDATES AND RESPONSIBILITIES

UK, Belgium, France, Italy, Japan

Canada

Who is missing? Does this matter?

Help groups create independent nations

Ensure fair treatment in colonies

Resolve territorial disputes (how?)

Reducing Armaments

Long Term Impacts

NATIONAL IDENTITY AND NATIONAL INTEREST

Canada Canadians first, British

subjects second Important battles Symbolic presence at

the Peace Conference

Germany How do you think they

would’ve felt after the war?

Give Examples

Quick Speaking WW1 Recap

http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_detailpage&v=_XPZQ0LAlR4