End of the WarEnd of the War&&

The New WarThe New War

From Moscow to BerlinFrom Moscow to Berlin At the start of 1945 Soviet (Russian) At the start of 1945 Soviet (Russian)

troops were beginning to push back troops were beginning to push back through Poland and Czechoslovakia through Poland and Czechoslovakia towards Germany.towards Germany.

They were just 60 miles outside of They were just 60 miles outside of Berlin by mid February.Berlin by mid February.

Yalta ConferenceYalta Conference First discussion of a new peace First discussion of a new peace

keeping body, the United Nations.keeping body, the United Nations. Poland is to be given territory, free Poland is to be given territory, free

elections and be vacated by the elections and be vacated by the Soviets.Soviets.• But the Soviets don’t plan on moving.But the Soviets don’t plan on moving.

UN Guy

Death of the Death of the FuhrFuhr On April 29On April 29thth Hitler married his fiancé Hitler married his fiancé

Eva Braun in his personal bunker. Eva Braun in his personal bunker. The next day they both committed The next day they both committed

suicide.suicide. There has been much speculation There has been much speculation

around the death.around the death.

Eva Braun, Hitler’s sweetheart

Berlin is CapturedBerlin is Captured In the Spring of 1945 Berlin is captured by In the Spring of 1945 Berlin is captured by

the Allies.the Allies. Hitler had called on anyone willing to Hitler had called on anyone willing to

defend the city to go to the death.defend the city to go to the death. On May 7On May 7thth Germany had surrendered all Germany had surrendered all

its territories. The day after (May 8its territories. The day after (May 8thth) ) became known as VE-Day (Victory of became known as VE-Day (Victory of Europe).Europe).

As we remember, Japan surrendered in the As we remember, Japan surrendered in the September following in VJ-Day.September following in VJ-Day.

The allies split up Germany into four The allies split up Germany into four spheres of influence.spheres of influence.

Creation of the United NationsCreation of the United Nations As WWII drew to a close, delegates As WWII drew to a close, delegates

from countries around the world from countries around the world gathered to create an organization gathered to create an organization that would ensure that such a global that would ensure that such a global conflict would never happen again.conflict would never happen again.

The U.N. was a compromise The U.N. was a compromise between the US, Britain, France, between the US, Britain, France, China and the Soviet Union, and China and the Soviet Union, and other smaller countries such as other smaller countries such as ourselves.ourselves.

The Purpose of the UNThe Purpose of the UN1. To keep peace among nations1. To keep peace among nations2. To increase co-operation between nations2. To increase co-operation between nations3. To defend Human rights3. To defend Human rights4. To improve the living conditions of people 4. To improve the living conditions of people everywhere in the worldeverywhere in the world5. The U.N. sponsors a wide variety of 5. The U.N. sponsors a wide variety of agencies that carry out legal, economic agencies that carry out legal, economic and humanitarian work around the worldand humanitarian work around the world

The UN expanded its scope to developing The UN expanded its scope to developing countries after 1951.countries after 1951.

Organizations Sponsored By The UNOrganizations Sponsored By The UN

The World Health Organization (W.H.O) battles The World Health Organization (W.H.O) battles global health problems.global health problems.

United Nations International Children's Emergency United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund (UNICEF) Originally, responsible for assisting Fund (UNICEF) Originally, responsible for assisting child welfare in countries devastated by the Second child welfare in countries devastated by the Second World War.World War.

The United Nations Educational, Scientific and The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) works to improve Cultural Organization (UNESCO) works to improve education standards and promote cultural activitieseducation standards and promote cultural activities

Canada has always seen the UN as the best means Canada has always seen the UN as the best means of contributing to world peace to solving problems of of contributing to world peace to solving problems of global health, poverty, pollution and discriminationglobal health, poverty, pollution and discrimination

Early UN Congregation

Europe In RuinsEurope In Ruins After WWII European economies were in After WWII European economies were in

shambles as they had borrowed so much shambles as they had borrowed so much money from the US and had taken so money from the US and had taken so much damage over the last 6 years.much damage over the last 6 years.

The Russians were sceptical of the western The Russians were sceptical of the western countries and refused to move out of their countries and refused to move out of their captured territories including parts of captured territories including parts of Poland and Finland.Poland and Finland.

In 1947 the US comes out with the In 1947 the US comes out with the Marshall plan to help put money back into Marshall plan to help put money back into the European economy.the European economy.• Russia refused to participate in the agreement.Russia refused to participate in the agreement.

The Split That Starts The Cold WarThe Split That Starts The Cold War The US had not formally recognized the The US had not formally recognized the

USSR until 1933 and both sides questioned USSR until 1933 and both sides questioned the others intentions during WWII.the others intentions during WWII.

Stalin distrusted the western powers Stalin distrusted the western powers believing they had purposefully delayed believing they had purposefully delayed opening up the second front in Europe.opening up the second front in Europe.

The US and the Russians were by far the The US and the Russians were by far the largest super powers in the post WWII largest super powers in the post WWII world. It just so happened they also had world. It just so happened they also had opposing economic and political views – opposing economic and political views – Capitalism vs. Communism & Democracy Capitalism vs. Communism & Democracy vs. Totalitarianism.vs. Totalitarianism.

Differing Views Of SovietsDiffering Views Of Soviets

NATO & The Warsaw PactNATO & The Warsaw Pact Tensions grew and soon when the western Tensions grew and soon when the western

powers tried to give Germany back to the powers tried to give Germany back to the people the Soviets refused.people the Soviets refused.

The US created NATO (North Atlantic The US created NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organisation) in 1949 in order to Treaty Organisation) in 1949 in order to unite and protect the western powers.unite and protect the western powers.

In 1955 the Soviets created the Warsaw In 1955 the Soviets created the Warsaw Pact which joined it and eastern European Pact which joined it and eastern European countries together.countries together.• Hungary tried to resist but were invaded.Hungary tried to resist but were invaded.

The World was officially split into 2 camps. The World was officially split into 2 camps. The Cold War had begun.The Cold War had begun.

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