the en light enment
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The En LIGHT enment. Chapter 6.1 & 6.2. In the Dark . Before the Enlightenment, Europe was “in the dark” Few questioned the teachings of the church “Common sense” ruled . The Scientific Revolution . ~1550s: scholars begin to question accepted beliefs Muslim texts translated - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
The EnLIGHTenment
Chapter 6.1 & 6.2
In the Dark • Before the Enlightenment,
Europe was “in the dark” • Few questioned the teachings of
the church• “Common sense” ruled
The Scientific Revolution • ~1550s: scholars begin to
question accepted beliefs • Muslim texts translated• Math rules!• Printing press invented – spreads
ideas
Scientific Method• Rather than using “Common
sense,” scholars use a logical way to GATHER and TEST data
Sci. Revolution Thinkers• Copernicus/Galileo: the earth is
not the center of the universe• Newton: gravity – “everything in
the universe is affected by the same force”
The Enlightenment• “The Age of Reason”• Apply reason to ALL aspects of
society
Views on GovernmentHobbes Locke
People are naturally selfish & wicked; need a strong ruler
People are naturally reasonable; can learn to govern selves
Hobbes Locke
Social contract: give up some rights to gain safety & security
All people are free and have 3 natural rights….
Locke
Locke’s Three Natural Rights: 1.Life2.Liberty3.Property
…if the government can’t protect these rights, overthrow the government
LIFE, LIBERTY, and the pursui… PROPERTY!
• The power of one branch of government should be to “check” the other branches of government • Checks and balances
Montesquieu
Rousseau• Monarchs and “regular” folks
should all follow the same rules • Civilization corrupts people’s
natural goodness• Inspired French
Revolution
Beccaria• Justice is supposed to keep order• No torture of witnesses &
suspects, cruel/unusual/excessive punishment, capital punishment• Trials should be speedy &
procedural
Women’s Roles• Mary Wollstonecraft = women
should be educated, participate in politics• “If all men are born free, how is it
that all women are born slaves?” –Mary Astell
Most Likely to…
Comic Strip – Living through it
Hobbes Locke Voltaire Montesquieu
Rousseau Beccaria Wollstonecraft Honorable mention: Copernicus, Galileo, Newton, The Church/Pope