the effect of poverty alleviation policies on …

Global Journal of Applied, Management and Social Sciences (GOJAMSS); Vol.10 September 2015;

(ISSN: 2276 – 9013) p.24 - 37

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THE EFFECT OF POVERTY ALLEVIATION POLICIES ON COMMUNITY

DEVELOPMENT; A FOCUS ON OBUDU. CROSS RIVER STATE

FRANK- COLLINS NNAMDI OKAFOR Ph.D

Department of Political Science

Nnamdi Aikiwe University

Awka

Abstract

The objective of this study is to enhance the knowledge and skill necessary for developing our communities and as a result our country as a whole as well as to alert the public to the benefits of contributing to poverty

alleviation in our society and how to go about doing so. The population of the study include the male and female

indigenes of Obudu Local Government Area, as well as the staff of various poverty alleviation bodies that have carried out successful projects within Obudu totaling (85,732) eight five thousand seven hundred and thirty two,

from which sample was chosen using the random sampling method. Seven research questions and two hypotheses guided the conduct of the study. Questionnaires,Observations and oral interview schedules were the major

instruments used to gather data for the study. A total of (200) two hundred questionnaires were distributed for

the sample, but only one hundred and seventy two (172) were returned and these served as the basis for data analysis. The chi - square statistical method was used for testing the hypothesis of the study. The study discovered

that poverty alleviation policies have indeed contributed to an extent the development of communities in Obudu

Local Government Area of Cross River State. Based on the above finding, the study recommended that more poverty alleviation bodies and programmes are needed in our communities today and that members of these

particular communities should be consulted and persuaded to participate in projects carried out within their community.

Keywords; Communities,Poverty Alleviation, Programmes, and Development

INTRODUCTION

The aim of poverty alleviation policies is to satisfy the most basic requirements for survival. These basic

requirements can be in terms of food, clothing, shelter, health, transport, education, recreation and others. This

is to enable our society grow in strength and responsibility so as to create a better Nigeria. F or t his t o b e d one

successfully, o ne has to start from the roots. In Nigeria today, we see that the rural areas are less developed than

the urban areas. Some urban areas are more developed than others. In these less developed areas the rate of

poverty is so high one begins to wonder if these two different societies .Therefore in order to alleviate poverty

in a society, the community is the first place to start. Once a community starts developing, the whole society is

on the verge of developing.

Since 1960 after Nigeria gained her independence, there have been tremendous efforts by government to improve

the likes and status of the ordinary citizen in the rural community. In-spite of the expressed concerns of past

governments and the plethora of programmes and policies that have a bearing on poverty, the incidence and

scourge of poverty has increased over the yeas, and little success has been recorded in these. The have been

several policies by government aimed at addressing the issue of poverty and community development. Obudu

Local Government Area of Cross River State in one of the areas that has benefited from these poverty alleviation

policies. It has thirty five clans and two hundred and seventy six villages (clans Creation edict No 1 of 1960

Cross River State). Some of these policies by government aimed at addressing the issue of poverty in rural

communities, can be traced to 1972 when general Yakubu Gowon came up with the accelerated Food production programme to president Olusegun Obasanjo's latest National poverty Eradication progamme (NAPEP).


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The people of Obudu are predominantly farmers and are faced with the problem of unemployment, lack

of modern farm Implements/Inputs, Inadequate mfrastructural Facilities etc. Obudu as any other rural

Community in Nigeria forms the basis of the entire nation's wealth, since it contributes to its growth.

This study will also discuss issue and problems arising from poverty, how poverty can be alleviated, the effect

that this poverty alleviation actually has on the community's development.

Highlights of Some Government Poverty Alleviation Policies in Nigeria

Poverty is worldwide problem facing so many countries especially African countries. Governments

faced with the phenomenon are doing their best to wipe it out. In Nigeria, government has this problem too and

in the past they came up with so many poverty eradication programmes to curb poverty.

Nigeria has suffered poverty from the onset and though efforts were made in the past little is being achieved.

Government over the years has introduced various policies aimed at improving the status at the rural

communities of which Obudu is not an exception.

In 1972, General Yakubu Gowon introduced the National Accelerated food production programme (NAFPP)

and the Nigerian Agricultural and cooperative Bank. These Policies were primarily aimed at providing funds for

agricultural programmes in rural communities.

In 1972. General Olusegun Obasanjo introduced the operation feed the nation policy, this policy aimed

a t preparing young graduates of Nigerian Universities, polytechnics and collage to c/o to the rural areas to teach

the peasant formers how to practice modern forming.

In 1979, President Shehu Shagari introduced the green revelation programme, this programme aimed at

curtailing food importation while boosting locally the production of fiber and crop.

In 1984, the Buharis government introduced the go back to land programmes. This programme was aimed at

encouraging the agricultural sector.

In 1986, General Ibrahim Babangida established Directorate of Food, Road And Rural Infrastructure

(DFRRI) for rural development. His programme was meant to provide feeder roads, electricity, portable dinking

water, and toilet facilities for the rural dwellers. He also on March 26th 1986 established the National Directorate

of Employment (NDE). NDE was saddled with the mandate of creating jobs and employment for the people.

In 1993, General Sani Abacha established the family Economic Advancement programme FEAP was

attempting to solve the problem of poverty.

In 2003, President Olusegun Obasanjo established the National poverty Eradication programme (NAPEP)

NAPEP was given mandate to create employment and provide some basic infrastructure in the rural/urban

community.

Recently in 2003 the Federal Government is prepared the National Economic Empowerment

Development strategy (NEEDS), which has been fully endorsed by the Federal executive Council, National

Assembly, National Economic Council, Ngo's and Civil Society organization. NEED is a medium term strategy

(2003 - 2007) which is derived from the country's long term goals of poverty reduction, wealth creation,

employment generation and value re-orientation.

Role of Poverty Alleviation Policies in Community Development

Poverty alleviation policies are plans of action aimed at executing or guiding an institution in the

execution of its poverty alleviation policy. Is contains all the programmes to be implemented in a special time

frame. If these policies are properly followed, it can lead to the rapid development of the community. This

development can be human or infrastructural. Human and infrastructural development can be in the areas of:

Education Employment

Health

Water Supply

Electrification

Improved roads

Affordable housing

Energy etc.

The role of poverty alleviation policies will unavoidably be concerned with poverty generation, wealth creation, employment generation, value re


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orientation etc.

In essence reducing poverty to its barest minimum. Their most basic role

being the help rendered to poverty alleviation programme to makes

implementation of their projects as smooth and as effective as possible.

The Impact of Poverty Alleviation Policies on People of Obudu L.G.A. Obudu as a community in Nigeria has no double benefited from the various poverty alleviation policies of the

federal state and local government. The following government poverty alleviation implementing organs have

registered a visible presence in Obudu L.G.A.

1. Cross River State Community base poverty reduction agency

(CPRP) world Bank - FAGN – CRS funded project.

2. United Nations Development programmes - F.G N - CRS funded project.

3. National poverty eradication programmes (NPEP) Federal government funded project.

4. National Directorate of Employment (NDE) Federal government funded project.

5. Cross River State people Empowerment programme initiative (PEPI).

While the non-governmental organizations are also doing some

projects in Obudu life empowerment foundation, an NEO for community and enterprise development has shown

a reasonable presence in Obudu L.G.A. Hon. Paul Ada of the federal house of Representative, representing

Obudu, Bekwarra, Obanliku in the National Assembly and Dr Ben Ayade have also tried as private individuals

to alleviate the plight of the people of Obudu.

The breakdown of the various projects executed by the carious government organs, NGO and private individuals

includes:

1. Cross River State Community based poverty Reduction agency. (CPRP).

The Cross River State poverty reduction agency (CPRP) has executed the following projects Obudu.

FIGURE 1 Projects Carried Out by CPRP.

S/N L.G.A COMMUNITY PROJECT REMARKS

1 Obudu Bedia Completion and equipping of Bedia

Cottage hospital

Completed

2 Obudu Ohong Water Reticulator Completed

3 Obudu Okwutia Mini water scheme Completed

4 Obudu Ebiagakpeti Mini water scheme Completed

5 Obudu Okordem Construction of six classroom blocks

VIP

toilets and form sting

Completed

6 Obudu Okworiseng Construction of six classroom blocks

VIP toilets and form sting

Completed

F

7 Obudu Okworogung Construction of six classroom blocks

VIP toilets and form sting

Completed

8 Obudu Amukweng Mini water scheme Project funds to be

disbursed

9 Obudu Abuchi Mini water scheme Ongoing

10 Obudu Ukprinyi Six classroom block Ongoing


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11 Obudu Beyobri Six classroom block Ongoing

12 Obudu Ukwortung Six classroom block Ongoing

13 Obudu Itilem Mini water scheme Ongoing

14 Obudu Upelewa Mini water scheme Ongoing

15 Obudu Ebuasu Six classroom block Ongoing

16 Obudu Okwutia Bridge Ongoing

17 Obudu Akpashi Mini water scheme Ongoing

18 Obudu Eshankpe Mini water scheme Ongoing

19 Obudu Bebuagba Mini water Ongoing

20 Obudu New terusalem Six classroom block Ongoing

21 Obudu Karu Six classroom block Ongoing

22. Obudu Kigbor Six classroom block Ongoing

Cross River State Community based , poverty reduction agency implementation schedule for Obudu

Local Government Area (Nigeria Community based poverty reduction project) (CPRP).

N/B - Analysis of the project executed by the Cross River State poverty reduction agency shows that twenty two

projects were executed out of these, seven projects have been completed while fur-teen projects are still ongoing.

Funds to Amukwing mini water scheme is about to be disbursed.

FIGURE 2

UNITED NATIONS DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME:

The UNDP has executed the following poverty alleviation projects in Obudu.

S/N L.G.A COMMUNITY PROJECT DESCRIPTION REMARKS

1 Obudu 1 0 wards - literacy support Completed

Programme

- Training of Adult

- Supply O teaching

materials (primers, black

broad, chalks, lantern).

2 Obudu 1 0 wards of Obudu Establishment of 24 literacy centers Completed

3 Obudu 1 0 wards Supply of immunization Completed

4 Obudu 10 words of Training of health workers Completed

Obudu and provision of health

education for the

Communities


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5 Obudu 1 0 words of Supply of improved Completed

Obudu seedling such as maize,

yam, cassava, cutting,

cowpea, oranges, plantain,

banana to formers in

Obudu.

6 Obudu 1 0 words of Training of small and Completed

Obudu medium enterprises

7 Obudu 1 0 words of Training of woman in Completed

Obudu various agricultural

cultivation techniques

8 Obudu Obudu urban Establishment of the skills Completed

development centre for

unemployed youths

9 Obudu Obudu urban Training of trainers Completed

workshop for trainers of the

skills development center "

10 Obudu Ukprinyi Construction of two Completed

Boreholes

11 Obudu Ohong Construction of two Completed

Boreholes

12 Obudu Ohong Establishment of four Completed

lectures of oil palm

13 Obudu Ukprinyi Establishment of four Completed

lectures of oil palm

plantation.

14 Obudu Ukprinyi Establishment of four

lectures of cashew

Completed

15 Obudu Ukprinyi & Establishment of four Completed

Ohong lectures of mixed crop

Cassava/cow pea)


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16 Obudu Ukprinyi Strengthening of health post Completed

(drugs/renovation)

17 Obudu Ukprinyi & Provision of model storage Completed

Ohong structures and training on

improved techniques of

food processing storage.

18 Obudu Ohong & Equipment support and Completed

Ukprinyi training on rural road

Maintenance

19 Obudu Ohong & Equipment support and Completed

Ukprinyi training on rural road

Maintenance

20 Obudu Ohong & Construction of Samplant Completed

Ukprinyi latrines and multiplication

slabs. -

21 Obudu Ohong & Reactivation of literacy Completed

Ukprinyi centre and expansion of

outreach.

22. Obudu Ohong & Awareness creation on Completed

Ukprinyi HIV/AIDS and other

communicable diseases. "

SOURCES OF INFORMATION:- Terminal report on UNDP assisted fifth and fourth country programme CCF

- 1 1999 - 2002 Cross River State October, 2003. The Fifth Country programmes used Ohong and Ukprinyi

as pilot communities for its pilot programmes. Source: United Nations Development schedule Obudu L.G.A.

3. NATIONAL POVERTY ERADICATION PROGRAMME (NAPEP):

The NAPEP has trained one hundred and twenty one people across the 10 political words in its capacity

acquisition programme (CAP-Youth from Obudu Local Government Area acquired skills in various areas. Sixty-

one persons were trained in the mandatory attachment programme (MAP). Unemployed graduates from the 10

political words of Obudu were placed on the job training and attachment workshop also carried out there.


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4. NATIONAL DIRECTORATE OF EMPLOYMENT

The NDE has trained and disbursed am interest free loan to one thousand nine hundred and sixty four persons

across the 10 words of Obudu Local Government Area in its National open apprenticeship programme.

5. LIFE EMPOWERMENT FOUNDATION:- Life empowerment foundation an NGO for community and

enterprise development has trained 10 youths of Obudu Local Government Area in various skills of their choice.

6. PEOPLES EMPOWERMENT PROGRAMME INITIATIVE (PEP1):-The PEPI has already selected 200

youths from Obudu Local Government Area to be trained in various skills.

7. HON. PAUL ADA POVERTY ALLRVIATION SCHEME. Hon. Paul Ada recently gave out sewing

machines, GSM handsets, motorcycles etc to members of the federal constituency.

8. DR BEN A YADE SCHOLARSHIP PROGRAMME SCHEME.

Dr Ben Ayada has given over 200 students of Obudu local government scholarships to study in areas of their

choosing in the various universities in Nigeria.

Some Pertinent Issues On The Way Forward.

In-spite of the expressed concerns of past government efforts at poverty reduction, what are the prospects of

achieving the international development goal of halving the incidence of poverty in the nearest future? His

question is pertinent against the back ground of the Nigeria economy which is characterized by law economic

growth, rapid population growth, mismanagement of available resources and large scale corruption.

Therefore, for NAPEP to make a meaningful dent on poverty there is need for poverty reduction programmes to

be implemented within the framework of rapid economic growth with equity, controlled population growth

sound economic management and good governance among others. Some of these other pertinent issues relating

to poverty reduction programmes are discussed.

(i) Broad -based economic growth for poverty reduction therefore attention must be focused on those macro

and microeconomic policies and programmes which would ensure the rapid growth of the economy.

Economic growth is crucial in efforts at enquiring poverty as it would.

Generate income earning opportunities for the poor make job creation possible and thereby make use of

their most abundant asset, labour.

Produce additional resources for the government to use for social programmes aimed at over-coming

poverty and.

Increasing the income poor people receive as remuneration for their labour.

(ii) Targeting of interventions:- Considering the magnitude and profile of the magnitude and dimensions of

poverty in Nigeria, it would be clear that a sizable number of poor and disenfranchised people cannot participate

directly in broad growth process. It is therefore essential to provide targeted resources transfers and support to

such groups of people in rural and urban areas. The government can target the delivery of some services and

resources to reach poor areas and to communities living in poverty, building on existing community based

organizations,, civil society groups and their activities where possible.

(iii) Good governance, transparency, accountability and social responsibility:-Corruption is generality

acknowledged as having adversely affected previous poverty alleviation efforts. In Nigeria corruptions is one of

the aspects of bad governance. The anti-corruption crusade of the present administrations is expected to have

favorable implications for poverty alleviation if successfully carried through. The communities earlier referred

to has as one of the imperative for success of the NAPEP ensured that corruption and other sharp practices at

any stage of the programme are not conducted but severally punished.

Factors that have slowed the smooth implementation of Poverty alleviation policies in Obudu L.G.A. Despite the success recorded so far in Obudu with respect to the implementation of poverty alleviation policies

in Obudu, there have been

some limitations on the process.

These limitations are:-

- Lack of targeting mechanism for the people: Most of the programmes do not focus directly on the people.


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The communal conflict between Obudu L.G.A of Cross River State and vandikya of Benue State has also slowed

down the smooth implementation of poverty alleviation policies.

- Political and policy instability have also resulted in frequent policy changes, and inconsistent implementation

which in turn have prevented continuous progress of poverty alleviation policies in Obudu, most of the times, a

policy is going on smoothly and is suddenly stopped due to change in government which results to changes in

policies.

- Inadequate coordination of the various programmes ahs resulted in each institution carrying out its own

activities with resultant duplication of effect and inefficient use of limited resources. Examples are the

programmes of NAPEP and NDE, which is all about addressing the issue of unemployment can't NDE and

NAPEP merge and address the issue of

unemployment in Nigeria.

- Corruption:- The activities of some of the coordinators of these programme have occasionally led to diversion

of funds thereby slowing down the process of implementation.

- Language Barrier:- The problem of understanding English Language by the people of Obudu has also hindered

the smooth implementation of poverty alleviation policies in Obudu.

- The issue of strong leadership is lacking: In Obudu people who as capable of leading the people towards a

successful execution of a project will rather sell themselves our as contractors than work for free for the

betterment of their community. Not in all cases though.

Factors that Should be considered for the proper Development of Obudu.

An agency or development organization that wants to successfully work and improve the standard of living of

the people of Obudu can adopt the following principles to guide then in succeeding.

1. In making efforts to transform Obudu, the organization must first know the community be conversant with

the customs and way of life of the people, their like and dislikes it is only by doing so that you will be able to

address the problem of the people better.

2. The implementing organization should learn to be good listeners and be patient, questions should be tactfully

asked in order to discover what the community wants, what their problems are and how it can encourage them

to resolve the problematic and conflicting issues.

3. Idea should not be imposed on the people but encourage/guide them to take their own initiatives, discuss with

them and guide them to discover

their felt needs and take actions which will most probably lead to the

satisfaction of their needs.

4. In waking with them, make sure that every body is involved:- They must all participate in one way or the other

formulating the policies that will be translated into programmes of change.

5. In executing project advice the people to start with small with small

project one at a time rather than embark on a big and prestigious project,

which may never be completed for years.

6. The people should be allowed to feel free to criticize in a constructive

way rather than merely listen.

7. At every stage in all levels of project execution of efforts should be

encouraged. Always aim at work all the groups in each community rather

than with only one or a few.

8. Help the community to evaluate programmes or projects to ascertain the progress made and failures if any.

This will help the people to identify

the problem area and take precautions against future occurrence.

Analysis of Data from section A: (PART A)

Presented below is the analysis of the data in Section A of the questionnaire distributed.


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DEMOGRAPHIC DATA

TABLE .1

SEX NO OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE %

MALE 72 41.86

FEMALE 100 58.14

TOTAL 172 100

Source: Field survey, 2007

Table 4.1.1 shows that of the 172 sampled respondents in this study, 72 (41.80%) were male while 100

(58.14%) were female. By this move female were studies than male.

TABLE .

EDUCATION QUALIFICATION DISTRIBUTION RESPONDENT

EDUCATION QUALIFICATION NO OF RESPONDENT PERCENTAGE (%)

NO FORMAL EDUCATION 30 17.44

1 ST SCHOOL LEAVING

CERTIFICATION

25 14.54

WASC / GCE 45 26.16

NCE/OND 22 '12.27

HND/FIRST DEGREE 35 20.35

POST GRADUATES 15 8.72

TOTAL 172 100

Sources: field survey, 2007

The above table shows that a greater number of respondents are pole with WASC/GCE qualification i.e 45

respondents representing a percentage of 26.16% similarly, people with no formal education have 30 (17.44%),

those with 1st leaving certificate 25 (14.54%) NCE/OND :22 (12.79%) HND FIRST DEGREE 35 (20.35%)

while postgraduates were 15 (8.72%).

TABLE .3

RELATIONSHIP WITH OBUDU DISTRIBUTION RESPONDENT

PEOPLE INVOLVED NO OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE %

INDIGENCE'S 96 55.81

STAFF OF PAB 76 44.19

TOTAL 172 100

i ~

Source: Field survey, 2007.


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From the table above, the number of indigenes is greater than that of staff of PAD with 96 (55.81%) for indigenes,

and staff of PAB with 76 (44.19%).

TABLE .4

AGE DISTRIBUTION OF RESPONDENTS

AGE BRACKET NO OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE

Under 30 years 32 18.60

3 1 - 40 years 50 29.07

41-50 years 55 31.98

50 and above 35 20.35

TOTAL 172 100

Source: Field survey, 2007.

ANALYSIS OF DATA FROM SECTION B (PART B)

In this section, we are going to see the response of people (both indigenes of Obudu and staff of PAB) about the

effect of poverty alleviation policies on their community's development.

Question NO:5 Do you understand what poverty alleviation is?

TABLE WHETHER RESPONDENTS UNDERSTAND THE MEANING OF POVERT

ALLEVIATION

OPTION NO OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE %

YES 70 40.7

NO 52 30.23

NO IDEA 50 29.07

TOTAL 172 100


Table .1 shows that 70 respondents representing 40.7% poverty alleviation representing 40.7% know

the meaning of poverty alleviation 52 respondents with the percentage of 30.23% do not know what poverty

alleviation means, while 50 (29.07) have no idea of what poverty alleviation is.

Question No: 6 Ave you aware of the effects poverty alleviation have had on your community?

TABLE .2. EFFECT OF POVERTY ALLEVIATION


YES 82 47.67

NO 55 31.98

NO IDEA 35 20.35

TOTAL 172 100


From our table above it shows that out of the total 170,82 respondents presenting (47.67%) said that poverty

alleviation has had effects on their community development, 55 (31.98%) have no idea of the effects.

Question No 7 Do you think that poverty alleviation is important for the growth of any community.


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34

TABLE .3 IMPORTANCE OF POVERTY ALLEVIATION TO COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT

OPTION NO OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGES

YES 95 55.23

NO 42 24.42

NO IDEA 35 20.35

TOTAL 172 100


Table .3 shows that 95 respondents with 55.23% are of the opinion that poverty alleviation is important for the

growth of any community. 42 (24.42%) say no, while 35 (20.35%) have no idea of the importance of the projects.

Question No: 8 have you benefited from any poverty alleviation policies.

TABLE..4 WHETHER RESPONDENTS HAVE BEEN

BENEFITED FROM POVERTY ALLEVIATION POLICIES.


YES 75 43.60

NO 55 31.95

NO IDEA 42 24.42

TOTAL 172 100


75 respondents with percentage of 43.60% according to the table above say that they have benefited from PAP,

55 (31.98%) said no, and 42 have no idea of if they have benefited are not.

Question No: 9 have you ever been involved in any poverty alleviation programme, meant to enhance a

community's development.

Table .3 .THE EXTENT OF INFLUENCE ON COMMUNITIES

BY POVERTY ALLEVIATION POLICIES.

DETAILS NO OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE %

VERY EFFECTIVE 37 21.51

GREAT EXTENT 55 31.98

LITTLE EXTENT 35 20.35

VERY LITTELE EXTENT 28 16.28

NO IDEA 17 9.88

TOTAL 172 100 -


The table above indicates that 37 (21.51%) respondents suggested that PA has to a very great extent

influenced the development of communities, 55 (31.98%) said it has great influence 35 (20.35%) said it has little

influence, 28 (16.28%) opined that it has very 1 ittle influence and lastly 1 7 (9.88%) have no ideas of the

influence of the programme on community development.

Question No: 12: Have any of these programmes helped in salving some

essential needs of the community?


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35

TABEL .8 WHETHER PROGRAMMES HAVE HELPED IN

SOLVING SOME NEEDS OF COMMUNITY.


YES 72 41.86

NO 65 37.79

NO IDEA 35 20.35

TOTAL 172 Too


From above 72 respondents representing 41.86 are on the side that poverty alleviation policies have helped in

salving some essential needs of the community 65 (37.79%) said it has not help in salving any problems whole

35 (20.35%) have no idea of the programmes contributed to the community.

Question No: 13 Do you think that poverty alleviation has improved the standard of living of members of the

society.

TABLEE .9 WHETEHR POVERTY ALLEVIATION HAS IMPORIOVED THE STANDARD OF

LIVING OF MEMBERS OF THE SOCIETY


YES 85 49.41

NO

i.

47 27.33

NO IDEA 40 23.26

TOTAL 172 100


85 of respondents representing 49.41% from the table 4.2.9 above accepted that PA policing has improved

standard of living 47 (27.33%) are against the nation while 40 (23.26%) have no idea of the improvement.

Question No: 14 Do you think that the programme executed therein has

helped to reduce the rate of crimes committed by youth?

TABLE .10 WHETHER THE PROGRAMMES HAVE HELPED

TO REDUCE CRIMES COMMITTED BY YOUTH IN COMMUNITY


YES 97 56.40

NO 45 26.16

NO IDEA 30 17.44

TOTAL 172 100


Table 4.2.10 shows that 97 respondent with the percentage of 56.40, are at the view that PA programmes has

helped in reducing crime among ouryouth, 45 (26.16%) said no and 30 (17.44%) have no idea.

Question No: 15 Are you satisfied with all the projects carried out in the community.


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36

TABLE .11 WHETHER RESPONDENTS ARE SATISFIED WITH

THE PROJECTS CARRIED OUT IN THE COMMUNITY


YES 87 50.58

NO 60 34.88

NO IDEA 25 14.54

TOTAL 172 100 -


A look at the above table shows that 87 (50.58%) respondents agreed that they are satisfied with all the project

carried out in the community, and 60 (34-85%) respondents are not in faviour of it, while 25 (14.54%)

respondents are indifferent.

CONCLUSION

Based an findings of the study, it can be concluded that the poverty alleviation polices and the bodies formed to

achieve them, aim at

enhancing the lives and growth of communities in the areas, of health, education, infrastructure water, electricity

employment etc. virtually all aspects of development.

In view of the fact that findings reveal that the productivity and growth of some parts of the Obudu Community

have been influenced by some poverty alleviation bodies, a lot can still be done in the development of

communities in Nigeria today. One cannot help but conclude that these bodies have proven quite important in

the development of some communities in Nigeria.

Consequently, it can be said to a great extent that the objectives of this bodies have not been to assist in achieving

it.

Invariably, it can be concluded that with a well packaged system, poverty alleviation body's personnel could be

made to exhibit use full skills to enhance productivity and growth.

RECOMMENDATION In view of all the findings and conclusion of the study. The researcher wishes to make the following

recommendation.

Government should always consult with the rural communities carry out extensive research in order to

know what is needed and wanted by the communities before coming up with any poverty alleviation

policy.

There should be a co-ordination team at all levels of implementation for effective control and

management.

Such a team should comprise of members of the civil society Organization, government and the

beneficiaries themselves etc.

There should be a periodic (quarterly) review of performance, assessment of achievements, constraints

and prospects.

Finances should be released as at when due for smooth implementation of the policy.

Income generation activities should be encouraged at the grass root level.

Security of life and property should be guaranteed for sustainable development.


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37

REFERENCES

Dr. Anthony Madunga (1999), Alleviating poverty in Nigeria

Lagos Index Foundation Inc.

James Bayowa (1999), Community Development in Nigeria

Lagos Ubekunle printing press Ltd.

James Stoner etal (1998), Management 6th (edition)

New Jersey IMOE Cliff, Prentice

Hall Englewood

OsualaE.C (2001), Introduction to Research Methodology

Onitsha African Fep. Publishers Ltd.

Peter F. Drucker (1998), Management Tasks, Responsibility Practice

London Heineman

Robert Ekawon, (2003), Fundamentals of Special Education

Calabar Faith Foundation Publication Ltd

Simon and Simon (2002), The Human Problems of Management

Lagos Linden printing press Ltd.

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