Recount A Recount aims to recall past events (to give a true record of what happened). It has 3 parts:1. Setting – to tell the reader the basic information of the events e.g. date, time, place2. Events in time order – to retell what happened in the order / sequence of the time in which the events happened3. Evaluation – to tell the reader what you think or how you feel about the events

The following is an example of a typical recount text: Our School Sports Days.

The text tells you what happened (verb: past tense) on our school sports days.

Parts in the text(Use the names of the 3

parts (Setting, Events in

time order, Evaluation) to

label each paragraph)

Information Language use(write down the words used in the text to tell you the

information; the first one is an example for you)

Our School Sports DaysThis year, our school sports days were held on 1 st and 2 nd January at Ma On Shan Sports Ground from 9.00 to 4.00 on both days. It started with the opening ceremony and ended with the closing ceremony.

The opening ceremony began with a parade by the four Houses: Red, Green, Yellow and Blue. Then everyone sang the school song. Our Principal, Mr Chan, gave the

Paragraph 1:__________________

Paragraph 2:__________________

1. Date: ___________

2. Place: __________

3. Time: __________

4. First and last events:

______________________________

Events (start with a verb):

1. began with a parade

on 1 st and 2 nd January

____________________________________________[we use prepositional phrases to tell date, time and

place]

Subject Verb Object Other partsThe opening

ceremony

began with a parade by

… four houses

1

What is the verb used to tell you this information? ___________

What are the 2 verbs used to tell you this?

________________

welcoming speech. Our Guest of Honour, the famous athlete Sarah Lee Wai Sze, then gave her speech. She encouraged us all to participate actively in sports for our good health.

On the first day, we had both the track events and the field events. For track events, we had the sprints for 60m, 100m, 200m and 400m; we also had the 60m and 100m hurdles. For field events, we had long jump, high jump, shot put and discus.

On the second day, we had the semi-finals and finals for most events. We also had the relay races and the friendly race between students and teachers. The champion of each event came through. The Green House won the house cup this year. We also had two record breakers. Simon Yu of 4D broke the school record in the boys’ 100m sprint at 11.5 mins. The old record was 11.8 min. Vincy Lee of 5B broke the record for the girls’ 200m hurdles.

Paragraph 3:__________________

Paragraph 4:__________________

2. _______________3. _______________4. _______________

Track events:

______________________________________ ________________ Field events:

____________________________________

Events:1. semi-finals and finals

2. __________________

3. __________________

4. __________________

5. __________________

Write down the prepositional phrase that starts the paragraph: _______________ ________ Write down the preposition phrases that introduce the track events and the field events:_______________ _______________ Write down the verb that tells you the track and field events: We _______

Write down the prepositional phrase that starts the paragraph: _______________ ________

Subject Verb Object Other partswe had the semi-finals

and the finals

for most

events

2

In the closing ceremony, medals and prizes were given. We all felt tired but we were all happy as it was a holiday the next day.

Paragraph 5:__________________

Write down the prepositional phrase that starts the paragraph: ________________________

How did the writer feel (write 2 adjectives): ___________________Write down the verbs that tell you how the writer felt: _________________

The following table shows all the track and field events. Circle the ones that took place in your school’s sports days.Track Field

Sprints Middle-distance Long-distance Hurdles Relays Jumps Throws

3

60m100m200m400m

800m1500m3000m

5000m10,000m

60m hurdles100m hurdles110m hurdles400m hurdles

4 x 100m relay4x 400m relay

Long jumpHigh jumpTriple jumpPole vault

Shot putDiscus throw

Hammer throwJavelin throw

Choose 2 track events and 2 field events to write about. Remember there is also the student-teacher friendly race. Write about the number of heats, who participated, when it took place, who won etc. Start with a preposition phrase, for example:For the 60m sprint, we had 10 heats. Five heats were for girls and five heats were for boys. They took place in the morning on the first day. (Name of student) of (class) won the champion (OR A classmate in my class won the first runner-up).

1st track event chosen: _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2nd track event chosen: _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________1st field event chosen: __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2nd field event chosen: __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Now, write about your School Sports Day. Use what you have learnt (e.g. preposition phrases, verbs (past tense), a SVO sentence).

Our School Sports Day

4

Write the paragraphs here:Setting[use a preposition phrase]Date: __________________________________________Place: _________________________________________Time: _________________________________________

Other parts (adverb /

preposition phrase)

Subject (noun) Verb (past

tense)

Object (noun)

Other parts (adverb /

preposition phrase)

This year, our school sports days

were held

Events in time orderThe opening ceremony For each sentence:1. First, write the noun for the event / people you want to write about (i.e. the Subject); 2. Then, write the verb for what happened / what they did; 3. Then write the Object and the other parts.

Other parts (adverb /

preposition phrase)

Subject (noun) Verb (past

tense)

Object (noun)

Other parts (adverb /

preposition phrase)

5

The first day For each sentence,1. First, write the prepositional phrase for the track/field event you want to write about

in the first column;2. Then, write the noun for the Subject (think of what you want to say about the event); 3. Then, write the verb for what happened; 4. Then, write the Object and the other parts.[You can also use the sentences you have written for the 2 track and 2 field events here.]

Other parts (adverb /

preposition phrase)

Subject (noun) Verb (past

tense)

Object (noun)

Other parts (adverb /

preposition phrase)

The second day Other parts Subject (noun) Verb Object Other parts (adverb /

6

(adverb /

preposition phrase)

(past

tense)

(noun) preposition phrase)

Evaluation [write about how you felt]

Other parts (adverb /

preposition phrase)

Subject (noun) Verb (past

tense)

Object (noun)

Other parts (adverb /

preposition phrase)

Word bank:

7

Sports day prizes: gold medal, silver medal, bronze medal, trophiesWinners: champion, first runner-up, second runner-up, the best athlete of the yearAdjectives to tell how you feel: exhausted, bored

[Do not include too many words. It’s more useful to encourage students to ask you for a word they do not know or to use a Chinese-English dictionary so that they are learning to use words that they want to use. When given a list of words that do not actually say what they want to say, they don't actually learn very much.]

General sports day vocabulary for reference: annual sports days, the programme, athletes, pitch, races / events, heats, three-legged race, blind fold race, sack race, tug of war, triathlon, pentathlon, (pledge to) the spirit of sportsmanship, team spirit, in the spirit of the Olympics, the guest of honour presides over the function, march past / parade, pistol shot, stop watch, the cheering team, baton, losers, referees, scores

8

Information report

Part 1: (Purpose and structure of an information report)The information report below tells you about what koalas are and what they are like. There are 2 parts in the information report:1. General classification / definition – it classifies koalas within the animal kingdom.2. Specific description / details – it describes things special to koalas.

Read the information report below. Colour the general classification in green, and the specific description in orange.

Koalas

Koalas belong to the Marsupial family. This is a group of mammals which raise their babies in a pouch. Marsupials are found mainly in Australia.

Koalas are furry creatures about the size of a small dog. They have large round ears, small eyes and a big, flat, leathery nose in an oval shape. They have sharp

claws for hanging on to branches of trees.

Koalas spend most of their time in gum trees in the Australian bush. They live high in the

branches out of harm’s way. They are able to sleep wedged in the fork of two branches. Koalas are herbivores, their main diet consisting of the leaves of certain types of eucalypts.

Koalas raise their young in a pouch covering the mother’s tummy. The baby is suckled in the pouch and remains there for several weeks until able to

feed itself. You will often find nearly fully grown koalas still using the mother’s pouch.

9

Read the specific description part again. Write in the boxes what each paragraph tells you about koalas (Use nouns). Which aspects of koalas have you learnt by reading the specific description?

10

Part 2: (Language use in an information report)

1. The following tree diagram helps to classify koalas. Find 3 nouns from Paragraph 1 to put into the 3 white boxes in the tree diagram to classify koalas within the animal kingdom.

Animals(vertebrat

es)

Birds Fish Amphibians

Reptiles

Bracket the words in Paragraph 1 that tell you in which box to put the 3 nouns (i.e. how to classify koalas from a bigger class to a smaller class).

2. Circle the nouns in Paragraphs 1 and 2 that name the parts of a koala’s body. Draw a cross on the adjectives in Paragraph 2 that describe these nouns and other body parts

of a koala.

3. In Paragraph 3, circle the nouns that name the place where a koala lives and stays. Put in a rectangle the verbs that describe what a koala does in these places. Read the words following these verbs. What do they tell you about how koalas live? [N.B.: We use adverbial phrases and prepositional phrases to tell how.]

4. Circle the nouns in the last sentence of Paragraph 3 that name the dietary habit of koalas.

5. Put in a rectangle the verbs that describe what mother koalas do to raise baby koalas and what baby koalas do to grow. Underline the prepositional phrases following these verbs to tell you more about how they do these things.

11

Part 3: (Writing an information report)Kangaroos also belong to the Marsupial family. Use what you have learnt about an information report on koalas to write an information report about kangaroos.

Before you write, use the writing frame below to find out more about kangaroos. Use the following websites:http://kids.nationalgeographic.com/content/kids/en_US/animals/kangaroo/

http://www.livescience.com/27400-kangaroos.html

http://www.pbs.org/wnet/nature/kangaroo-mob-kangaroo-fact-sheet/7444/

http://animals.nationalgeographic.com/animals/mammals/red-kangaroo/

Kangaroos

General classification - In addition to the Marsupial family, which other family do kangaroos also belong to?- Name some species of kangaroos

Specific description Body features- Hind legs:- Front legs: - Tail: - Fur:- Ears:- Height and weight:

Habits:- What is the special thing they can do? How do they do this?- What else do they do?- What is their life span?

Habitat - Where do they live? In which part of Australia?- In what kind of places do they live (trees, grassland, …)?- How do they live?- How do they protect themselves against enemies?

Diet

12

- What is the word to describe their eating habit?- What do they eat?- What is special about the way they eat?- What are their teeth like?

Raising the young- What are baby kangaroos called?- What are they like?- What is the first thing they do after being born?- Where do they live?- How are they fed?- When are they ready to live on their own?

Threats (and other interesting facts)- What are their predators?

Task variations:- Ask for more / less sub-topics - Give paragraph starters e.g., Kangaroos are mammals.- Specify sentence patterns e.g., Their hind legs are …

Festivals of Light [Longman Elect S1, p.84]

There are many festivals around the world that involve light. Here are just a few of them.

Every November, people in Thailand celebrate Loi Krathong (Loi means to float and a Krathong is a small boat made of banana leaves). The festival starts at night when people gather under the full moon and carry their krathongs to nearby rivers and canals. The small boats, each containing a candle, joss sticks, flowers and a few coins, are then placed on the water. As the boats drift away, people usually make a wish.

In India, Diwali is an important festival for Hindus and people of other Indian religions. It takes place in October or November and lasts five days. People decorate their homes with bright lights and decorations are also put up in the streets. There are fireworks displays too, particularly in large cities.

13

There is also a light festival that Jewish people celebrate. It is called Hanukkah. Jews celebrate Hanukkah for eight days, lighting one candle on the first night, two on the second night, and so on. The festival commemorates a famous battle in which a group of Jews bravely fought and defeated the Syrians to save the Temple of Jerusalem.

Another interesting light festival takes place at Christmas in the Philippines. Star lanterns called parols are hung outside people’s homes and along the streets. The lanterns symbolize the star that guided the Three Wise Men to where Jesus was born.

At Christmas in Mexico, there is also a festival during which Mexican families go from house to house with candles pretending, like Mary and Joseph, to look for a room at the inn.

Information about other festivalsLantern festivals around the world: http://traveloverload.com/lantern-festivals-across-the-world

14

Narratives / Stories

Part 1: (Structure of a story)There are 4 parts in the story below:1. Setting – it tells you the background / basic information about the story e.g. who,

when, where.2. Problem – it tells you that something unusual / not normal had happened; it leads on

to the rest of the plot / story.3. Complication / Events – it tells you the events that happened because of the

Problem.4. Resolution / Ending – it tells you what happened in the end; it ends the story.

Read the story to find out these 4 parts. Colour each part as follows:1. Setting (red)2. Problem (blue)3. Events (orange)4. Ending (green)

Bestest and the Prince

Once upon a time a witch put a beautiful princess in a tall tower. Her name was Bestest. She was best in everything. One day, Bestest saw a prince and shook her long hair out of the window. The prince climbed up her hair.

‘I’m here to save you,’ said the prince.

‘Oh! Your teeth are black,’ said Bestest. ‘How often do you brush your teeth?’

‘Once a week,’ the prince said.

‘You should brush your teeth twice a day. Come back when your teeth are clean,’ said Bestest.

15

The next week the prince climbed up Bestest’s hair again. He smiled a handsome white smile at Bestest. ‘That’s better,’ she said, ‘but your hair is very dirty. How often do you wash it?’

‘Three times a month,’ said the prince.

‘Ugh!’ said Bestest. ‘You should wash your hair three times a week. Come back when your hair is clean.’

The next week the prince climbed up Bestest’s hair again. He ran his fingers through his shiny hair. ‘That’s better,’ said Bestest, ‘but your fingernails are too long. How often do you cut them?’

The prince never came back.[adapted from Primary Longman Elect 4B, 2009, pp.46-47]

Part 2: (Purpose of a story)Do you find the story interesting / funny? Which part is most interesting / funny to you? Write what you think in the box below. [Draw a box on the part you like most.]

What do you think the story wants to tell you?

16

Part 3: (Language use in a story)1. Underline the words / phrases that tell you the time. The first one is ‘Once upon a

time’ (line 1). How much time was there / covered in the story?

2. Bracket the prepositional phrases (a prepositional phrase is a unit of words starting with a preposition). The first one is ‘in a tall tower’ (line 1). Tell your neighbour what each prepositional phrase tell you (e.g. time, place). Use the pictures in the story to show your neighbour what each prepositional phrase means. [You can do the same with the when-clause.]

3. Put in a triangle all the verbs. What tenses are they? Where is the past tense used and where is the present tense used? Why?

4. Circle the saying verbs that tell you what the princess and the prince said. Change them into a different verb that tells you how the princess and the prince said what

they said. [You can give students a number of verbs to choose from or as examples. You can do the same with adjectives (ask students to change and/or add more adjectives to make the story more interesting); action verbs.] Read aloud your new story to your neighbour.

5. Name the characters / people in the story. Put in a rectangle all the words that refer to them. [Hint: We use nouns and pronouns to refer to characters / people.] Write

down the chain of words to talk about the same character / person below, paragraph by paragraph. The first one is done for you.

Paragraph 1: princess – Her – Bestest – She – Bestest – her – her Paragraph 2: Paragraph 3:Paragraph 4:Paragraph 5:Paragraph 6:Paragraph 7:Paragraph 8:Paragraph 9:Paragraph 10:

17

When is a noun used and when is a pronoun used? Are they used only to name characters?

Part 4: (Re-writing the story)Do one of the following:1. In the second last paragraph, Bestest asked the prince how often he cut his

fingernails. How often do you think the prince cut his fingernails? What could Bestest ask him about again if he came back? Write 3 more paragraphs before the last to give the prince a last chance.

2. The prince never came back at the end of the story. What if he came back? What could happen? Write a different ending to the story.

3. Rewrite the story by:a. swapping the prince and the princess – what different events could have

happened? ORb. making the prince demanding the princess to do different things each time he came

– what could the prince ask the princess to do? What could the prince promise the princess each time?

18

Procedure (manuals, instructions, recipes)

SnapMaterials: A deck of playing cardsNumber of players: 6Instructions:

1. Shuffle the cards ( 洗 牌 ).

2. Choose one person to be the dealer (發 牌 者 ).3. The dealer deals each player the same number of cards, clockwise,

one at a time and face down. 4. The dealer goes first. He/she places his/her top card in the centre of

the table face up and says the name of the card, for example, ‘The three of diamonds.’

5. The player on the left of the dealer is the next one. He/she places his/her top card on top of the previous cards face up and says the name of the card, for example, ‘The Jack of clubs’. The game continues in a clockwise direction.

6. If a player places a card on the pile that has the same number or picture as the previous card , any player can shout ‘Snap!’, and quickly put his/ her hand on the pile and take all the cards.

7. If two or more people shout ‘Snap!’ at the same time, the person with his/her hand on the cards first wins the cards. This person takes all the cards and the game continues.

8. When a player uses all the cards in his/he r pile , he/she is out. The player with all the cards at the end of the game is the winner.

Part 1: Language use in a game instruction1. The above is the instruction of how to play a card game called Snap. Let’s learn the

names of a deck of cards first. There are 4 groups of cards:

Ace Two Three Four Five Six Seven Eight Nin

e

Ten Jac

k

Quee

n

King

19

Hearts

Diamonds

Clubs

Spades

We say the Ace of hearts, the two of diamonds, the Queen of clubs, the King of spades etc. Use the table to say the name of each card with your neighbour.

2. Steps 4 and 5 tell the names of two cards. Find them in the table in #1 above.

3. There are two ways to place a card: face up or face down. Circle these two phrases in the instruction.

4. The prepositional phrases are all underlined. Each prepositional phrase gives more information about a noun or a verb. Draw an arrow from each prepositional phrase to the noun or verb it describes.

5. Now, take turns to tell your neighbour how to play the game step by step in Chinese. A tells B Step 1, then B tells A Step 2, then A tells B Step 3 etc.

Part 2: The structure of an instructionThere are 3 parts in the instruction:1. Materials2. Number of players3. Instructions

What does each part tell you?

Part 3: Writing an instruction The following is the instruction in Chinese of how to play Slapjack. Write the English version of the instruction. Part of it has been done for you. Complete it.

20

衾棉胎用具：一副牌玩家數目：六遊戲方法：1. 洗牌2. 選其中一位為發牌者。3. 發牌者將牌平分，順時序依序出

牌，每人每次一張，不能翻開。4. 首先，發牌者將自己的第一張牌

翻開及放在桌子中間，同時喊‘一’。

5. 發牌者左方的人為下一個玩家。他將自己的第一張牌翻開及放在上一張已發的牌上，同時喊‘二’。其後玩家依序喊到‘十’, ‘「積」’, ‘「囡」’, ‘King’後，下一個便恢復喊‘一’, ‘二’…如此類推。遊戲以順時序方向進行。

6. 如果玩家發現發往牌堆上的牌和喊的數字相同，所有玩家就要立刻朝桌子中央的牌堆拍下去，掌心向下。最慢的玩家就要把牌堆的牌都收回去。

7. 如果任何玩家在牌的數字和玩家喊的數字不相同時「誤拍」，則同樣要將所有的牌收回。

8. 玩家先必須把手中的所有牌翻開，並多拍三次而安然渡過沒收牌才能算獲勝。如果玩家最慢拍牌或「誤拍」，則同樣要將所有的牌收回，繼續遊戲。

Slapjack

Materials: Number of players: Instructions:1. Shuffle the cards.2. Choose one person to be the dealer3. The dealer deals each player the same number

of cards, clockwise, one at a time and face down. 4. The dealer goes first. …

21

The instruction in English [You can ask (some) students to write only the prepositional phrases using the bold underlined phrases in the Chinese version, with the rest of the text in English given to them]:

衾棉胎用具：一副牌玩家數目：六遊戲方法：1. 洗牌2. 選其中一位為發牌者。3. 發牌者將牌平分，順時序依序出牌，每人每次一張，不能翻開。

4. 首先，發牌者將自己的第一張牌翻開及放在 桌子 中間 ，同時喊‘一’。

5. 發牌者左方的 人為下一個玩家。他將自己的第一張牌翻開及放在上一張已發的牌上，同時喊‘二’。其後玩家依序喊到‘十’, ‘「積」’, ‘「囡」’, ‘King’後，下一個便恢復喊‘一’, ‘二’…如此類推。遊戲以 順時序方

向 進行。6. 如果玩家發現發往牌堆上 的 牌和喊的數字相同，所有玩家就要立刻朝 桌子 中央的牌堆 拍下去，掌心向下。最慢的玩家就要把牌堆的牌都收回去。

7. 如果任何玩家在牌 的 數字和玩家 喊的 數字不相同時「誤拍」，則同樣要將所有的牌收回。

8. 玩家先必須把手中的所有牌翻開，並多拍三次而安然渡過沒收

Slapjack

Materials: A deck of playing cardsNumber of players: 6Instructions:1. Shuffle the cards.2. Choose one person to be the dealer3. The dealer deals each player the same number

of cards, clockwise, one at a time and face down. 4. The dealer goes first. He or she places the top

card face up in the centre of the table and says ‘Ace’.

5. The player on the left of the dealer is the next one. He or she places the top card face up on top of the previous cards and says ‘Two’. The next player does the same and says ‘Three’ etc… After ‘Ten’, ‘Jack’, ‘Queen’, ‘King’, the player says ‘Ace’, ‘Two’… etc again. The game continues in a clockwise direction.

6. If a player places a card on the pile which matches the value he or she says, all the players must ‘slap’ the pile – put one hand on the pile of

cards in the centre of the table , palm downwards. The last player to do so must take all the cards and the game continues.

7. If someone ‘slap’ the pile but the value of the card doesn’t match the value of what the player said , he/ she must also take all the cards.

8. In order to win, the player must use all his or her cards and then slap the pile for three more

times if he or she is the last to slap, or if he or

22

牌才能算獲勝。如果玩家最慢拍牌或「誤拍」，則同樣要將所有的牌收回，繼續遊戲。

she slaps when shouldn’t, he or she has to take all the cards as usual and the game continues.

Book / Film Review

Echoes of the Rainbow is set in Hong Kong fifty years ago. It is about a boy called Big Ears (played by Buzz Chung). His father, Mr Law (Simon Yam), and mother (Sandra Ng) run a shoe shop. Big Ears is a naughty kid who often gets into trouble. He likes wearing a fishbowl on his head and pretending he is an astronaut. On the other hand, his serious older brother, Desmond (Aarif Lee), is a top student. Desmond’s dream is simple – he just wants to be friends with his pretty classmate Flora (Evelyn Choi). There is humour and love in the life of Big Ears, and his family, although we sometimes see sadness too. Echoes of the Rainbow is a film to remember.

[from Longman Elect S1, p.29]

Discussion

One of today’s most controversial subjects is nuclear or atomic power. In the past, fossil fuels such as oil and natural gas provided enough energy for homes and industries, but now they are harder to get and more expensive. People in developing countries throughout the world need cheap energy for better lives. People in industrialized countries want to keep their high standard of living. Nuclear power by itself can provide energy for both these purposes.However, many people oppose atomic energy. They say that the high standard of living in developed nations is unnecessary. Moreover, nuclear power can be dangerous. A single accident could kill or injure thousands of people.A strong argument of the proponents of nuclear energy is that it is clean. Uranium mines do not damage the land as surface coal mines do. Coal- and oil-powered industries emit ugly, bad-smelling pollutants; nuclear generators do not. However, opponents of nuclear energy point out that nuclear reactors pour coolants into streams and rivers. These coolants change the temperature of the water. Opponents state that the temperature changes cause damage to fish and plants. Proponents, on the other hand, say that the warm water from nuclear reactors provides ideal conditions for raising certain fish.

23

The safety question is the most important of all. Every nuclear generator has radioactive waste products. Those opposed to atomic power say that this waste is dangerous because it is hard to find safe places in which to store it. Moreover, they state that generators are still dangerous and give the accident at Three Mile Island, Pennsylvania, as an example. At the Three Mile Island generators, the cooling system failed. This caused the temperature of the generators fuel core to rise. The danger was that if the core became very hot, it might melt and let radioactive materials escape. On the other hand, proponents reply that this did not happen because nuclear generators are built very carefully. Furthermore, governments have made many safety rules to assure safe operation.Nevertheless, since Three Mile Island, people are afraid of nuclear power. What is your opinion? Is nuclear power safe? Would you want to have an atomic power plant in your community? These are important questions for people throughout the world.

[from Sorenson, S. (1997). Student writing handbook. New York: Macmillan.]

24

Genres and Stages1. Find the stages for each of the following genres from the table below (write the letter

of the genre into the box on the top right corner of each set of stages):

(a) Advice (b) Application Letter(c) Book/Film Review(d) Character Description(e) Complaint Letter(f) Discussion

(g) Letter to the Editor(h) Persuasion (i) Postcard(j) Proposal (k) Response to request(l) Travel/Promotion brochure

Greetings and update^More news^ *Closing and connection

Thesis^Arguments for^Reiteration of thesis

Aim of complaint^Evidence for complaint^ Request for action

Aim of the proposal^ Details of the proposal^ Justifications for the

proposal

Acknowledge request^ Response to request 1^Response to request 2^ etc. *Re-acknowledge request

Empathy and help offer ^Advice for the problems^*Words of comfort and

offer of further help

Catchy title^ The attractions^ Details of one attraction^*Details of another

attraction^ Call for a visit

Synopsis of book / film reviewed^

Main themes in book / film reviewed^

Recommendation

Issue/Topic^ Others’ / Current view(s)^ Your view with evidence^ *Reiteration of your view

The character and his/her significance^

Good points of the character with evidence^

Weak points of the character with evidence^

Evaluation

Issue (and text plan)^ Arguments for and against^ Restatement of the issue ORIssue^ Arguments for^Arguments against and

rebuke^Conclusion/Recommendation

What you are applying for^ Source of information^ *Your background^ Response to the

requirements^ Request for an interview

25

2. Choose 2-3 genres. Explain how the stages in each genre achieve the purpose of the genre as a whole.

26

Sub-stages in a stageA stage can be further organized into sub-stages e.g.,

Acknowledge request^ Response to request 1^

What you requested^ What I did / found for you^ Details of what I did / found^ Comments from me / others about it

Response to request 2^ etc. *Re-acknowledge request

Empathy and help offer ^Advice for the problems^

Problem^ Advice^ Why/How it works

*Words of comfort and offer of further help

Stage names can be made easier and more specific to help students e.g., Put the following stages of the genre Self-Introduction into an appropriate order

How I feelMy new friendMy secondary schoolMyself

27