the education system of canada

THE EDUCATION SYSTEM OF CANADA

GÖKHAN KASIMOĞLU ELT- COMPARATIVE EDUCATION

Canada stretches from the Pacific Ocean on the west, to the Atlantic Ocean on the east. Northern Canada reaches into the Arctic Circle, while southern Canada stretches below the northern points of the U.S.A.

GEOGRAPHY and DEMOGRAPHY of Canada

Name: CanadaCapital: OttawaLargest city: TorontoOfficial languges: English and FrenchArea: 9,984,670 km2 (2nd after Russia)Population: 36,048,521 ( as of 2015)

Head of Government: Prime Minister. Queen Elizabeth II is Canada's official head of state, and is represented in Canada by the Governor General.

It has 10 provinces and 3 territories as of 1999. The ten provinces are Alberta, British Columbia,

Manitoba, New Brunswick, Newfoundland and Labrador, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward Island, Quebec and Saskatchewan

The three Territories are Northwest Territories, Nunavut, and Yukon

The provinces are considered to be co-sovereign divisions and each province has its own “Crown” represented by the lieutenant governor, whereas the territories are not sovereign, but simply parts of the federal realm, and have a commissioner.

GEOGRAPHY and DEMOGRAPHY of Canada

• Canada is the world's eleventh-largest economy as of 2015, with a nominal gross domestic product of approximately US $1.79 trillion.

• It is a member of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and the Group of Eight (G8), and is one of the World's top ten trading nations, with a highly globalized economy.

• The politics of Canada function within a framework of parliamentary democracy and a federal system of parliamentary government with strong democratic traditions.

• Canada is a constitutional monarchy, in which the Monarch is head of state.

ECONOMICAL and POLITICAL STATUS OF CANADA

An OVERALL VIEW of EDUCATION IN CANADA

According to a 2012 report by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), Canada is the most educated country in the world

The country ranks first worldwide in the number of adults having tertiary education, with 51 percent of Canadian adults having attained at least an undergraduate college or university degree.

The country invests heavily in tertiary education (more than 20.000 USD for per student)

EDUCATION IN CANADA The main languages are English and French and these are official

languages at Federal level making it a bilingual nation.

Canada generally has 190 school days in a year, officially starting from September to the end of June.

The curriculum is designed to elicit development and quality of people’s cognition through the guiding of accommodations of individuals to their natural environment and their changing social order

There is no federal department of education and no integrated national system of education. Within the federal system of shared powers, Canada's Constitution Act of 1867 provides that "In and for each province, the legislature may exclusively make laws in relation to Education."

EDUCATION IN CANADA

In the 13 jurisdictions-10 provinces and 3 territories, departments or ministries of education are responsible for the organization, delivery and assessment of education at the elementary and secondary levels, for technical and vocational education, and for postsecondary education.

Some jurisdictions have two separate departments or ministries, one having responsibility for elementary-secondary education and the other for postsecondary and skills training.

EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM of CANADA Education is within provincial jurisdiction and the

curriculum is overseen by the province. Education is generally divided into primary education, followed by secondary education and post-secondary.

Education is compulsory up to the age of 16 in every province in Canada, except for Manitoba, Ontario and New Brunswick, where the compulsory age is 18.

STAGES of Education In CANADA

Pre-Elementary Education

All jurisdictions have some form of pre-elementary (kindergarten) education, operated by the local education authorities and offering one year of pre-grade 1, non-compulsory education for five years old.

Depending on the jurisdiction, kindergarten may be compulsory or pre-school classes may be available from age of four or even earlier.

The intensity of the programs varies, with full-day and half-day program, depending on the school board.

ELEMENTARY EDUCATION The ages for compulsory schooling vary from one jurisdiction to

another, but most require attendance in school from age 6 to age 16. In some cases compulsory schooling starts at 5, and in others it extends to age 18 or graduation from secondary school.

In most jurisdictions, elementary schools cover six to eight years of schooling.

Elementary curriculum emphasizes the basic subjects of language, mathematics, social studies, science, health and physical education, and introductory arts; some jurisdictions include second-language learning.


Secondary Education It covers the final four to six years of compulsory education. In the

first years, students take mostly compulsory courses, with some options. The proportion of options increases in the later years so that students may take specialized courses to prepare for the different entrance requirements of post-secondary institutions.

Vocational and academic programs are offered within the same secondary schools; in others, technical and vocational programs are offered in separate, dedicated vocational training centers.


Separate and Private Schools The establishment of separate educational systems and private

educational institutions vary from jurisdiction to jurisdiction. Three jurisdictions provide for tax-supported separate school systems that include both elementary and secondary education.

These separate school systems allow religious minorities to receive education in accordance with the tenets of their faiths, some of whom have constitutionally protected rights in this area.


Post-secondary Education It is available in both government-supported and private institution,

which offer degrees, diplomas, certificates and attestations depending on the nature of the institution and the length of the program.

University Degrees Universities and university colleges focus on degree programs but may

also offer some diplomas and certificates, often in professional designations. University degrees are offered at three consecutive levels. Students enter at the bachelor's level after having successfully completed secondary school or the two-year CEGEP program in Quebec.


University Degrees Bachelor's degrees normally require three or four

years of full time study, depending on the province and whether the program is general or specialized.

A master's degree typically requires two years of study after the bachelor's degree.

Doctoral degree-three to five years of additional study and research plus dissertation are the normal requirements.


To be a teacher in Canada you require a bachelor's degree in education (B.Ed.) and a provincial teacher's certificate (professional license to teach).They are licensed by the provincial and territorial departments or ministries of education.

All Canadian provincial Ministries of Education support and require ongoing teacher training efforts though, like nearly everything else in the Canadian education system, this is decentralized and subject to different requirements depending on location.

Teacher quality is a strength of Canadian education. Teacher education programs are highly selective and teacher candidates are drawn from the top high school students in each province.

TEACHER EDUCATION In CANADA

SIMILARITIES and DIFFERENCES

Vs.

SIMILARITIES Both Canada and Turkey are members

of OECD. Both countries have a high level of

literacy. The duration of the compulsory

education in both countries is 12 years. The primary education in both

countries starts at the age of six.


DIFFERENCES The education system of Turkey highly

Centralized by the MoNE. The education in Canada is Decentralized

and localized. Achievement levels of students in Canada

according to OECD ranking are higher than the students in Turkey.

Canada invests more in the field of Education when compared to Turkey.


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