the earth and climate change - pbworksbancejscience.pbworks.com/f/climate-change1-wiki.docx · web...
TRANSCRIPT
Climate Change and Solar Energy SNC 2D
The most important factor that affects the climate on Earth is the Sun.
Solar energy travels through space as ____________ and ____________. The intensity of the energy that reaches Earth’s surface affects the ____________________ of air, water and land on the planet. Heat produces winds, rain and other features of _______________.
The amount of solar energy that reaches Earth depends on ______________ _________________ activity, the shape of the Earth and the ___________ of the Earth.
Changes in Solar Activity
The Sun produces a _________________ amount of energy. When the number of sunspots is ___________, the Sun emits __________________ amounts of solar radiation. Some scientists believe that changes in solar ________________ are the main cause of climate change in the past.
The Earth and Climate Change
Movements of Earth in Space
Rotation vs Revolution• Earth _____________ once every
_____ hours around its axis, an _________________ line that goes from the North Pole to the South Pole through the center of the Earth.
• The Earth also _______________ (orbits) around the _______ over a 365 day period (1 year).
• Another important detail is that the Earth’s axis of rotation is _____________ at an angle of about _______ perpendicular to the orbital plane.
Earth’s Seasons
The seasons are created by Earth’s _____________________ and its tilted ___________.
Changes in Rotation, Orbit & Tilt
Variations in Earth’s _____________, tilt and rotation occur over __________, which can explain large patterns of _____________ ________________ over a long time. It does not explain all of the recent changes that have been ________________ and ____________________.
Eccentricity
Earth’s orbit fluctuates due to the _____________________ attraction of other planets in the solar system. Its path around the Sun ________________ very slowly from elliptical to circular. This affects the _________________ of the seasons.
elliptical orbit – planet receives ________ solar radiation when __________ the Sun than it does when it is ________________ from the Sun
circular orbit – amount of solar radiation varies _____________ throughout the year
Earth’s Tilt
The Earth’s tilt changes __________ over time. The greater the tilt the greater the differences in ________________ between summer and winter.
Wobble
Earth is not a perfect ______________. It wobbles slightly as it _________________ on its axis. The wobble affects the intensity of ______________ ____________ energy that is received by the northern and southern hemispheres at ___________________ times of the year. The variation decides if the two hemispheres have ____________ temperature differences between seasons or whether one hemisphere has ________________ temperature differences between seasons than the other.
Effect of Latitude on Climate and Seasons
The sun’s rays are most ___________________ at the equator, where they hit the Earth _______________ to its surface.
As the Sun’s position in the sky lowers the sunlight received _______________________.
At latitude of 45 o south, the Sun’s rays strike the Earth’s surface at an ____________ and as a result the rays are spread over a larger area. The Earth here receives ____________ solar energy because it is more ____________ ____________.
At the poles, the Sun’s rays are ____________ _____ over an even larger area.
Winds and Energy SNC 2D
___________ is the movement of air from an area of ________ pressure to an area of ____________ pressure. The air moves as wind transfers ______________ ______________ around the world from ________ areas to ______________ areas.
The movement of air affects: • _________________ currents • ___________________ patterns
Wind is caused by ______________ heating of Earth’s surface.
wind moves energy from ________ à _______ areas air moves from ______ pressureà _____ pressure air moves from _________ à _________ areas
*** Winds disperse _____________ through the atmosphere.
Winds and Ocean Currents
When winds blow, ______________ is transferred to the surface of the ocean and causes the water to move in surface ocean ________________. Since oceans absorb energy from the Sun, the movement of water transfers ____________ around the Earth’s surface.
Prevailing Winds
Winds blow in fairly _____________ directions around the world. These are known as ________________ ________.
Winds Affect Precipitation
As air masses of different _____________________ move across the Earth’s surface, they _______________. When air masses meet (called a ___________), one air mass usually ___________ over the other. The rising air cools and any water vapour in the air __________________ to form ________________________.
Winds also affect precipitation through _____ ________________. Jet streams are high-altitude _________ that travel long distances at very high ____________.
These winds may carry ___________, moist air, which can produce _____________________ in areas from the origin of the jet stream. They may also carry ____________, cool air, which causes dry weather in areas affected by the jet stream. Canada’s weather is mostly influenced by the _____________ jet stream.
How Moving Contients Affect Climate SNC 2D
• Earth’s outer layer is made of massive pieces of solid rock, called ________________ ____________. Earth has about ____ major plates that move at a rate of a few centimeters per year.
• The plates carry the ________________ with them as they move. This means that the shape of the oceans and continents is always __________________.
• Patterns of ______ and __________ circulation are affected which in turn affects the ____________ ______________ around the world. The formation of mountain chains also affects the patterns of __________ and _________________ around the globe.
Upthrusting and Weathering
Upthrusting mountain ranges expose minerals to _________________. (Weathering is the ______________ down of Earth's rocks, soils and minerals through direct contact with the planet's __________________. ) The exposed ______________ change chemically into carbonates. This process removes ___________ ______________ from the atmosphere and ___________ the Earth.
Volcanic Eruptions
• Most volcanoes are located at the ______________ of tectonic plates. Plate movement affects climate by producing ______________ _______________. In these areas, molten rock and gases from below the Earth’s crust rise up through ____________ in the rock and spew into the air as volcanic ________________.
Particles called ________________ (such as ash) are released into the atmosphere
Aerosols
• reflect solar radiation and have a ________________ effect on the global climate
• scatter ______________
• Some volcanic eruptions can raise global temperatures by releasing greenhouse ___________.
SNC 2D
How the Atmosphere Affects Climate
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The Greenhouse Effect
____________________________________________________
__________________________ __________________________ __________________________ __________________________ __________________________ __________________________ __________________________ __________________________ __________________________ __________________________ __________________________ __________________________ __________________________ __________________________ __________________________ __________________________ __________________________ __________________________ __________________________ __________________________ __________________________ __________________________ __________________________ __________________________ __________________________ __________________________
DATE: NAME: CLASS:
CHAPTER 7 Specific Heat Capacity of Earth’s Materials
BLM 7-6
Goal • To examine how different materials absorb and release electromagnetic radiation.
DATE: NAME: CLASS:
CHAPTER 7 Specific Heat Capacity of Earth’s Materials
BLM 7-6(continued)