the early usa washington / adams presidencies. the key debate federal power vs. state power...
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THE EARLY USA
Washington / AdamsPresidencies
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The KEY Debate
• Federal Power vs. State Power
• Federalists vs. Democratic-Republicans
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FEDERALISTS vs. DEMOCRATIC- REPUBLICANS
-Led by Hamilton (Washington, Adams)
-Strong Central Gov’t-LOOSE Interpretation of
ConstitutionNot Trust Average CitizenReserve DemocracyElite Educated w/Power-Fear Anarchy-Favor National Bank-Favor Britain and Trade
-Led by Jefferson (Madison)
-Strong State Govt’s-STRICT Interp. of Const.
Trust Average CitizenExpand DemocracyPower to the People-Fear Tyranny-Oppose National BankFavor France and Revolution
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Washington Chosen to be 1st President• John Adams is VP• Jefferson is Sec. of
State• Hamilton is Sec. of
Treasury
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How did GW feel about accepting the Presidency???
• “My movements to the chair of government will be accompanied by feelings not unlike those of a culprit who is going to the place of his execution.”
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What was one of GW’s biggest problems???
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Dentistry!!!
• When GW took office, he only had ONE natural tooth left in his mouth!!!
• He had as many as 5 different dentures sets made for him!!!
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How does a Gov’t get Money???
• TAXES!!
• Hamilton puts a sales (excise) tax on Whiskey
• PA farmers revolt
• Tar and feather tax collectors again!!!
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WHISKEY REBELLION - 1794
• GW leads militias to put down revolt
• (Executing law!!!)
• First Big Test!
• FEDERAL Gov’t using its power to keep STATES in line
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The French Revolution - 1789
• Overthrow of French Monarchy
• Replace with Republic for the people
• King Louis XVI executed in the Guillotine
• USA Reaction???
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Storming the Bastille in ParisJuly 14, 1789
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• Jefferson and Dem-Rep’s happy and supportive of revolution – ousted tyranny
• Hamilton and Federalists cautious as war will disrupt American trade
• Feds support England (order) / Dem-R support France (liberty)
• Will USA get drawn into war???• Who is supposed to be our ally???
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“The Reign of Terror” in France
• 16,000 – 40,000 French executed by Guillotine
• France plunges into war with England for 20 years
• England and France begin seizing US ships
• GW stays neutral• French Citizen Genet in USA tying to recruit
Americans to fight England!!!
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Nursery Rhyme!!!
• “Jack and Jill went up the hill to fetch a pail of water.Jack fell down and broke his crown,And Jill came tumbling after.”
• The roots of the story, or poem, of Jack and Jill are in France.
• The Jack and Jill referred to are said to be the beheaded King Louis XVI - Jack -who was beheaded (lost his crown) followed by his Queen Marie Antoinette - Jill - (who came tumbling after). The words and lyrics to the Jack and Jill poem were made more acceptable as a story for children.
• The actual beheadings occurred in during the Reign of Terror in 1793.
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Washington’s Farewell Address
• Leaves after 2 Terms (precedent)
• Warns against “entangling alliances”
• Don’t get sucked into foreign affairs!
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ELECTION of 1796
• Federalist VP Adams Beats D-REP. Jefferson (Becomes new VP)
• Adams very qualified, but has a miserable Presidency (how do you follow GW?)– XYZ Affair– War with France???– Alien & Sedition Acts– VA & KY Resolutions
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Adams Quote
• “No man who ever held the office of President would congratulate a friend on obtaining it.”
• Nickname: “His Rotundity”
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• IMPRESSMENT???• France (and England)
raiding our trade ships and kidnapping sailors
• NEUTRAL RIGHTS!!!
• Adams sends diplomats to negotiate with France (mad over Jay’s Treaty)
• Ambassadors “X,Y,Z” demand a bribe to even talk with the USA
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• USA screaming for War with France (even Republicans)
• Federalists happy to smash France and solidify trade with Britain
• Adams does not bite – stays out of war– Does create the Navy Dept. and builds it up
• Public fiercely criticizes him (will cost him re-election)– Prove Fed. Case of who should lead???
• Adams wants to put down domestic opposition
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Alien and Sedition Acts
• Forbids citizens from criticizing the Gov’t• Expel any “aliens” dangerous to the security
of the USA
• Why is this bad???– Limiting Free Speech (1st Amendment!!!)
• Should this stand???
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Dem-Rep’s Respond
• Jefferson and Madison write the• VA and KY Resolutions
• States can nullify acts/laws of the Federal Gov’t that are Unconstitutional WHY??? HOW???
• “Doctrine of Nullification” is born and will haunt USA for years to come
• But who should decide???• Who is trying to take back some power???– Compact Theory: States in USA