THE DIAPHRAGM TYLER POSTMAN

THE BASICS OF THE DIAPHRAGM

• It is part of the respiratory system • It is found in the thoracic cavity or chest• Separates the chest from the abdomen • Is a dome-shaped sheet of muscle • Controls air movement

ORIGIN OF THE DIAPHRAGM

• Three main parts• Sternal

• Two muscle slips arising from the posterior surface back of the xiphoid process• Costal

• The inner surfaces of the costal cartilages and adjacent proportions of the lower six ribs on either side

• Lumbar/Vertebral• Arising from upper three lumbar vertebrae; forms the right & left crura & the

arcuate ligaments

SHAPE AND STRUCTURE OF THE DIAPHRAGM• Main parts are:• Central Tendon• Right & left crus• Right & left dome

• Right and left crura (muscle columns that help attach the diaphragm)

OPENINGS IN THE DIAPHRAGM

• There are three openings• The Aortic

• Is found between the crura, aorta, thoric duct, and azygos vein

• Esophageal • Is found level to the T10 vertebrain some muscle fibers from the right crus

• Venal Caval• Is found level to the T8 vertabra in the central tendon

FUNCTION OF THE DIAPHRAGM

• It controls the air intake and exhale for the lungs • It contracts into a flat dome shape and this makes more room for the air which fills the lungs• When relaxed, it decreases the volume and pushes out the

air• As it contracts it also pushes out the ribs which also allows

for more air

THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

• The diaphragm is part of the respiratory system • This is due to the fact that it aids in thebreathing process• Without the diaphragm we would not be ableto breath• It is the most important muscle in the entire respiratory system

MALFUNCTIONS OF THE DIAPHRAGM

• Diaphragmatic Hernia• Is a birth defect where there is an opening in the diaphragm which

allows the abdominal organs into the chest cavity near the lungs• Symptoms can be: Bluish colored skin (from lack of oxygen), fast

breathing, or fast heart rate• This can be treated by surgery to put the abdominal organs back in

their place and to close he opening in the diaphragm

MALFUNCTIONS OF THE DIAPHRAGM

• A - Plain X-ray of the thorax of a newborn with diaphragmatic hernia. There are bowel loops into the left hemi-thorax, the mediastinum is displaced to the contralateral side and the space occupied by the lung is reduced.

• B - small bowel loops can be seen entering the thorax through the orifice.• C - seen after reducing the contents of the hernia.• D - At autopsy, extreme left lung hypoplasia and less severe right lung hypoplasia were

discovered.

• Diaphragmatic Hernia Pictures

MALFUNCTIONS OF THE DIAPHRAGM

• Hiccups• Is a involuntary spasmodic contraction of the diaphragm accompanied

by the approximation of the vocal folds and closure of the glottis of the larynx. • It is a common condition in normal individuals and occurs after eating

or drinking as a result of gastric irritation of the vagus nerve endings. • It can also be a symptom of disease such as pleurisy, peritonitis,

pericarditis, or uremia.

SOURCES

• http://www.innerbody.com/image/musc06.html#full-d escription• http://www.teachpe.com/anatomy/respiratory_system.php• http://www.anatomyexpert.com/structure_detail/5292/1265/• http://www.bmc.org/thoracicsurgery/diseasesandconditions-diaphragm.htm• http://php.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php?title=File:Gray0391.jpg• http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/298107-overview• http://php.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php?title=Respiratory_System_-

_Diaphragm• http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001135.htm