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Improving safety, and perceptions of
safety, for people cycling or walking
The Cycling and Walking Investment Strategy (CWIS) Safety Review
Improving safety, and perceptions of safety, for people cycling or walking
Jai Nathan
Head of Vulnerable Road User Safety
13 February 20191
19 February 2019
Cycling and walking: why do they matter?
Improving safety, and perceptions of safety, for people cycling or walking 2
19 February 2019
Cycling and walking contribute to a wide range of Government priorities
Improving safety, and perceptions of safety, for people cycling or walking 3
The majority of journeys include at least
some element of walking or cycling,
either as the main mode of transport for
short journeys, or as a connecting part of
a longer journey.
Cycling and walking are important
elements of an effective, integrated
transport system which connects people
with employment, education and
opportunities.
Benefits from local cycling and walking
investment are significant and well
documented: cycling and walking
projects tend to have high benefit to cost
ratios.
It is estimated that British cyclists
contribute £5.4bn per annum to the
economy and support 64,000 jobs.
Health
Obesity costs the NHS £6.1 billion per year with costs to society overall estimated at £27
billion per year. Related, indirect costs of physical inactivity are calculated at £8.2bn per
year. People who regularly cycled to work significantly decreased their risks of heart
disease, cancer and depression. We work closely with DH and Public Health England, as
well as with DCMS and Sport England.
Air Quality
Around 23,500 deaths a year are associated with poor air quality. Local authorities can bid
for funding for cycling and walking schemes via a £230m Clean Air Fund, announced in
the Autumn Budget 2017. We work closely with DEFRA on this.
Urban Congestion
Congestion costs UK households over £30 billion every year. By 2040 traffic on England’s
roads is forecast to increase by between 19% and 55%. Two out of three car trips are
under five miles - an achievable distance to cycle for most people, and many more trips
are shorter, making them walkable. Highways England has a Cycling Delivery Plan and
designated funding to improve the network for cyclists.
Housing and the Economy
The location and design of new housing is important. We work closely with MHCLG
colleagues to ensure that it is planned and designed in such a way as to be as accessible
as possible to cyclists.
Cycle-proofing
We work with colleagues in other parts of DfT to ensure their policies are “cycle-proofed”.
The HS2 programme, for example, has made funding available for a range of
environmental and safety projects, including cycling schemes.
19 February 2019
Improving safety, and perceptions of safety, for people cycling or walking 4
We have a statutory Cycling and Walking Investment Strategy
The first statutory Cycling and Walking Investment Strategy was published in April 2017
Objectives:
By 2020
Increase cycling activity
where cycling activity is measured as the estimated total
number of cycle stages made
Increase walking activity
where walking activity is measured as the total number of
walking stages per person
Reduce the rate of cyclists killed or seriously injured
on England’s roads
measured as the number of fatalities and serious injuries
per billion miles cycled
Increase the percentage of children aged 5 to 10 that
usually walk to school
19 February 2019
Improving safety, and perceptions of safety, for people cycling or walking 5
The first statutory Cycling and Walking Investment Strategy was published in April 2017
Objectives:
By 2020
Increase cycling activity
where cycling activity is measured as the estimated total
number of cycle stages made
Increase walking activity
where walking activity is measured as the total number of
walking stages per person
Reduce the rate of cyclists killed or seriously injured
on England’s roads
measured as the number of fatalities and serious injuries
per billion miles cycled
Increase the percentage of children aged 5 to 10 that
usually walk to school
With an objective to reduce cycling and walking KSI
Reduce the rate of cyclists killed or seriously
injured on England’s roadsMeasured as the number of fatalities and serious
injuries per billion miles cycled
19 February 2019
Concerns about safety are a major barrier to greater uptake of cycling and walking
Improving safety, and perceptions of safety, for people cycling or walking 6
Despite the relative safety of
cycling, there is a negative public
perception of safety.
There is strong evidence that protection from general traffic is key to improving safety and getting more people onto
bikes. In particular, with the harder to reach groups, such as women and families.
Safety fears are the main deterrent to
cycling but people cite many other
reasons.
55
49
32
29
26
22
22
20
17
16
15
14
12
10
Fear of being involved in a collision
Too much traffic
Not confident in cycling
Prefer using other modes of transport
Poor road conditions
Fear of having my bike stolen
I don't think I'm fit enough/ think I'm too old
Not interested / don't want to
Too far to cycle to work
Roadworks / disruptions / congestion
Poor infrastructure for cycling in London
Poor infrastructure for cycling in my local area
Lack of time
Poor facilities for cyclists at my workplace
However, more people want to
and would cycle if these were
addressed
Per mile travelled, a cyclist was no more likely to be killed than a pedestrian, however, safety fears are the main reasons
given for not cycling. The number of cyclists killed or seriously injured has been following a downward trend since the
1980s although it has increased slightly in the last few years as cycling distances increase.
19 February 2019
Action on safety: CWIS Safety Review launched September 2017
Improving safety, and perceptions of safety, for people cycling or walking 7
Wide ranging review into issues of road
safety relating to cyclists
Meetings and workshops with wide
range of stakeholders to establish
scope – ensured walking included
Call for Evidence March – June 2018
Four open regional workshops
14,000 responses
The case for new cycling offences
Independent legal expert report
March 2018
Consultation Aug - Nov 2018
12,300 responses
Jesse Norman: “streets
safe enough for a 12 year
old to cycle on”
19 February 2019
CWIS Safety Review Call for Evidence was a wide ranging call for views
8
We want to
hear your
views
about:
2,671
online survey
responses
10,800
responses
4 regional
workshops
1%
24%
75%
0%
75% male
OtherNo answer
March 2018
Online survey respondents were most commonly male, age 45-64, regular cyclists who ride on busy roads with traffic
9
1% 0%3%
43%
45%
8%
88% age 25-64
45-64
65 and over
25-44
17-24
0-16No answer
Of the 2,554 online
survey responses
from individuals…
26% have had
on road cycle
training
(and 67 are
Bikeability
instructors)
86% cycle at least once a week
46% cycle mostly on busy roads
90% walk for 20
minutes at least
once a week
67% drive regularly
25% drive rarely
8% don’t have a full licence
5% consider
themselves to
be disabled
19 February 2019
Call for Evidence: what you told us
To make cycling and walking the natural choices for shorter journeys, or as part of a longer journey 10
A comprehensive network of
segregated cycle paths are
essential. Shared on road space
with buses and cars is still hostile
to people on bikes. Sharing space
with pedestrians is impractical in
busy urban settings and places
vulnerable pedestrians at risk
it is best for pedestrians,
particularly those with
disabilities, that cyclists have
their own space on the road as
opposed to a shared path on
the pavement
… transport and planning
authorities include
consideration for vulnerable
road users such as
pedestrians and cyclists from
the feasibility stage …
Currently little to deter aggressive
and dangerous drivers. Massively
increase the numbers of road
traffic police officers to reduce
road danger
Close passes' are one of the
biggest dangers to cyclists
using the road. They are also
arguably one of the significant
factors that discourage more
cycling due to their
intimidating nature.
Bikeability training teaches to ride
assertively, taking a road position in the
centre of the traffic flow as a norm and
only moving aside to allow overtaking
when they feel it is safe to do so.
Unfortunately, it is clear that nobody told
the drivers about this
March 2018
Cycle lane quality and maintenance, enforcement of motoring laws and education of drivers were mentioned frequently
11
1. Infrastructure and traffic signs
How does development and
maintenance of road signs and
infrastructure impact the safety of
cyclists and other vulnerable road
users?
More, fully segregated cycle
tracks
Prioritise pedestrians and
cycles in planning from start
Continuous connected
routes
Keep routes maintained and
clear from parked vehicles
Greater coverage of vulnerable road
users in driving test
Include cycle training/ cycle
experience as part of learning to drive
Regular re-testing/ after driving ban
3. Training
How can the training of road users
be improved, with specific
consideration to protecting cyclists
and pedestrians
Enforce existing laws
Tackle close passing
The law should protect
vulnerable road users better
Stronger penalties for offenders2. The law and rules of the road
How can the laws or rules relating
to road safety and their
enforcement, be used to improve
cycling and walking safety whilst
promoting more active travel
March 2018
Safe passing and educating motorists about cycling good practice are consistent themes
12
4. Educating road users
How can we improve road user
education to support more and
safer walking and cycling?
6. Attitudes and public
awareness
How can we support better
understanding of different road
user types?
5. Vehicles and equipment
How can policy on vehicles and
equipment improve the safety of
pedestrians and cyclists, while
continuing to promote active
travel?
National media campaign
Education in schools
Educate about safe
passing distances
Improve visibility/ remove blind
spots in vehicles
Speed limiters / black boxes
Review cycle lighting rules
Hi-viz/ helmet promotion unhelpful
Tackle tribal imagery –
we’re all people
Driver education
Mythbusting campaign
Improve infrastructure and
awareness will improve
19 February 2019
From the responses seven cross cutting themes emerged
Improving safety, and perceptions of safety, for people cycling or walking 13
Consideration
and mutual
understanding
between all
road users
Greater
compliance
with the law
and rules of
the road
Safe passing
of cyclists and
horse riders
Promoting a
more positive
image of
cycling and
walking
Improve
awareness of
the presence
of vulnerable
road users
Protection of
vulnerable
road users
from motor
vehicles
Prioritise
cyclists and
pedestrians
when
decisions are
made
19 February 2019
We have committed to a two year Action Plan with 50 actions
Improving safety, and perceptions of safety, for people cycling or walking 14
Key actions :
Review the existing guidance in the Highway Code to improve safety for cyclists and
pedestrians
Update Cycle Infrastructure Design guidance and disseminate effectively
Improve enforcement against parking in cycle lanes
Invest £100,000 to support digital capability for police forces so that they can handle
footage provided through dash and helmet-cam evidence
Appoint a cycle and walking champion
Encourage local authorities to increase investment in cycling and walking infrastructure
to 15 per cent of total transport infrastructure spending
Engage with cycling and walking bodies to develop a behaviour change campaign
No change in the Government’s position on helmets and high visibility clothing but
we will review evidence and international experience on mandatory helmets for
children and provide strengthened advice on the fitting of cycle helmets
19 February 2019
The Action Plan seeks to address the cross cutting themes
Improving safety, and perceptions of safety, for people cycling or walking 15
Greater
compliance
with the law
and rules of
the road
Safe passing
of cyclists and
horse riders
Promoting a
more positive
image of
cycling and
walking
Improve
awareness of
the presence
of vulnerable
road users
Protection of
vulnerable
road users
from motor
vehicles
Prioritise
cyclists and
pedestrians
when
decisions are
made
• Review of the Highway Code in
respect of cyclists, pedestrians
and horse riders
• Research into the advantages and
disadvantages of a presumed
liability system
• Using ‘nudge’ techniques in driver
education
• Promoting vulnerable road user
awareness in driver CPC
• Training for public sector drivers
Consideration
and mutual
understanding
between all
road users
19 February 2019
The Action Plan seeks to address the cross cutting themes
Improving safety, and perceptions of safety, for people cycling or walking 16
Consideration
and mutual
understanding
between all
road users
Greater
compliance
with the law
and rules of
the road
Safe passing
of cyclists and
horse riders
Promoting a
more positive
image of
cycling and
walking
Improve
awareness of
the presence
of vulnerable
road users
Protection of
vulnerable
road users
from motor
vehicles
Prioritise
cyclists and
pedestrians
when decisions
are made
• Appoint a cycling and walking champion
• Update and disseminate guidance on cycle infrastructure design,
inclusive mobility and tactile surfaces
• Review Planning Policy Guidance
• Encourage Highways Authorities to increase investment in cycling
and walking
Promoting a
more positive
image of
cycling and
walking
19 February 2019
The Action Plan seeks to address the cross cutting themes
Improving safety, and perceptions of safety, for people cycling or walking 17
Consideration
and mutual
understanding
between all
road users
Greater
compliance
with the law
and rules of
the road
Safe passing
of cyclists and
horse riders
Improve
awareness of
the presence
of vulnerable
road users
Protection of
vulnerable
road users
from motor
vehicles
Prioritise
cyclists and
pedestrians
when
decisions are
made• Complete internal review of
law on pavement parking
• Support for Construction and
Logistics for Community
Safety (CLOCS) to expand the
scheme beyond London
• Educational courses as part of
sentencing framework for
driving offences
Promoting a
more positive
image of
cycling and
walking
19 February 2019
The Action Plan seeks to address the cross cutting themes
Improving safety, and perceptions of safety, for people cycling or walking 18
Consideration
and mutual
understanding
between all
road users
Greater
compliance
with the law
and rules of
the road
Improve
awareness of
the presence
of vulnerable
road users
Protection of
vulnerable
road users
from motor
vehicles
Prioritise
cyclists and
pedestrians
when
decisions are
made
• Educational materials and
support for police forces to make
drivers aware of safer overtaking
• Review advice on overtaking in
Highway Code
• Cycle training for Approved
Driving Instructors pilot
• Refreshed DVSA learning
materials to place greater
emphasis on safe passing
• Powers for local authorities to use
cameras for cycle lane
enforcement
Safe passing
of cyclists and
horse riders
19 February 2019
The Action Plan seeks to address the cross cutting themes
Improving safety, and perceptions of safety, for people cycling or walking 19
Consideration
and mutual
understanding
between all
road users
Greater
compliance
with the law
and rules of
the road
Safe passing
of cyclists and
horse riders
Promoting a
more positive
image of
cycling and
walking
Improve
awareness of
the presence
of vulnerable
road users
Protection of
vulnerable
road users
from motor
vehicles
Prioritise
cyclists and
pedestrians
when
decisions are
made
• Research into technical,
physiological and behavioural
issues relating to visibility and
audibility
• Broader scope of Hazard
Perception Test clips
• Training for public sector drivers
• Continuing work on motor vehicle
technical standards
• Update and disseminate guidance
on cycle infrastructure design,
inclusive mobility and tactile
surfaces
19 February 2019
The Action Plan seeks to address the cross cutting themes
Improving safety, and perceptions of safety, for people cycling or walking 20
Consideration
and mutual
understanding
between all
road users
Safe passing
of cyclists and
horse riders
Improve
awareness of
the presence
of vulnerable
road users
Protection of
vulnerable
road users
from motor
vehicles
Prioritise
cyclists and
pedestrians
when
decisions are
made
• Investing £100,000 to
support police digital
capacity to handle camera
evidence
• Powers for local authorities
to use cameras to keep
cycle lanes clear of parked
cars
• Educational courses as part
of sentencing framework for
driving and cycling offences
• Response to consultation on
new offences for dangerous
or careless cycling
behaviour
Promoting a
more positive
image of
cycling and
walking
Greater
compliance
with the law
and rules of
the road
Safe passing
of cyclists and
horse riders
19 February 2019
The Action Plan seeks to address the cross cutting themes
Improving safety, and perceptions of safety, for people cycling or walking 21
Consideration
and mutual
understanding
between all
road users
Greater
compliance
with the law
and rules of
the road
Improve
awareness of
the presence
of vulnerable
road users
Protection of
vulnerable
road users
from motor
vehicles
Prioritise
cyclists and
pedestrians
when
decisions are
made• Cycling and Walking Champion to
raise the profile of Active Travel
• Work with cycling and walking
organisations to develop a
communications campaign
• Embed hierarchy of road users
within Highway Code reviewPromoting a
more positive
image of
cycling and
walking
19 February 2019
We are focusing work on a number of Actions over the next six months
Improving safety, and perceptions of safety, for people cycling or walking 22
Highway Code review
Cycle lane enforcement powers
Improving police digital capacity
New offences consultation response
Cycling and Walking Champion
Cycle infrastructure design guide update and dissemination
Pavement parking
Tackling close passing
Behaviour change plans
Employer round table
Stakeholders closely involved – providing advice and evidence
19 February 2019
Action plan: Highway Code review
Improving safety, and perceptions of safety, for people cycling or walking 23
Likely process :
Any additions or amendment to The Highway Code is subject to statutory
provisions
Section 38 of the Road Traffic Act 1988 means any alterations must be laid before
both Houses
Timings of the 2/3 year project need to take this into account and that we will need
to consult on any changes before presenting (laying) the document before
Parliament
Already working with stakeholders on the scope, priorities and timescale
Scope – may include:
Overtaking, passing distances, priorities at junctions, opening vehicle doors
Hierarchy of road users
Rules for pedestrians (rules 1 to 35)
Rules for cyclists (rules 59 to 82)
Driving or parking in cycle lanes (rule 140)
Road users requiring extra case (rules 204 to 225)
Annex 1: You and your bicycle
Exclusions:
Mandatory use of helmets and high visibility
19 February 2019
Action Plan: LTN2/08 Cycle Infrastructure Design Guide
Improving safety, and perceptions of safety, for people cycling or walking 24
DfT position:
On 12 August 2018, the Minister commissioned the Cycle Proofing Working Group to
undertake a review and develop national guidance and best practice for cycling and walking
infrastructure so that all road users can benefit from the best facilities.
DfT are currently considering best approach to this work with CPWG. DfT proposing that the
CPWG be renamed the Active Travel Infrastructure Group to reflect the wider remit.
Publication timing:
Final draft of refreshed LTN 2/08 on Cycle Infrastructure design now being prepared by
consultants
Re-draft has been substantial to take account of best practice and a number of relevant
publications which have been released or revised in the last ten years
Dissemination:
DfT will be working with stakeholders on a dissemination plan to maximise benefits of the
revised guidance, and as part of a wider workstream in developing national guidance and
best practice for cycling and walking infrastructure
19 February 2019
Other road safety activity: new offences consultation and refreshed Road Safety Statement
Improving safety, and perceptions of safety, for people cycling or walking 25
New cycling offences consultation
closed on 5 November and we are
considering this complex issue
Consideration of the case for a
change in the law for cycling,
equivalent to causing death or serious
injury by dangerous or careless driving
Independent legal expert report into
the law – published March 2018 –
concluded that there is a gap in the
law
Consultation seeking views on new
offences for cyclists of causing death
or serious injury when cycling
We are planning to publish a
refreshed Road Safety Statement
June 2018 Jesse Norman published
progress report on the 2015 Road
Safety Statement
Set out four priority user groups for
future road safety activity:
Young people
Rural road users
Motorcyclists
Older road users
19 February 2019
Contact details:
Jai Nathan
Vulnerable Road User Safety
Department for Transport
Improving safety, and perceptions of safety, for people cycling or walking 26