the culture of islam chapter 6-4. preservation of knowledge during the first few centuries of the...
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The Culture of Islam
Chapter 6-4
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Preservation of Knowledge
• During the first few centuries of the Arab Empire translations of Greek philosophy were being converted into Arabic & stored in the “House of Wisdom” in Baghdad
• Here they were studied by Muslim scholars
• It was through Muslim scholars that the works of Aristotle & Plato were recovered by the Europeans
• It was this recovery & translation into Latin that allowed the western world to know the works of the great Greek philosophers
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Islamic Advancements
• When the translations of the great Greek philosophers arrived in the West they were also accompanied by the commentaries of the great Arabic philosophers as well
• One such philosopher was Ibn-Rushd who wrote commentary on virtually all of Aristotle’s surviving works
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Islamic Advancements• They also perfected an instrument
called the astrolabe which was used by sailors to determine position based on the stars
• This made European discovery of the Americas possible
• In the area of medicine Ibn Sina wrote a medical encyclopedia stressing the contagious nature of certain diseases & how they could be spread by contaminated water supplies
• After its translation Sina’s book became the text for university students in medieval Europe
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Literature
• In the area of literature the Muslims regard the Quran as their greatest literary work
• Other great works include The 1001Nights, also called The Arabian Nights
• This is a collection of anonymous folktales, fables, & romances that blend the natural with the supernatural
• Aladdin and the Magic Lamp was one such story
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Art & Architecture
• Because Muslim religion unites spiritual & political power, palaces also reflect the glory of Islam
• The finest example of this is the Alhambra located in Spain
• Most decorations on Islamic art consist of natural plants & abstract figures which are repeated over & over called Arabesques
• The Hadith, an early collection of Muhammad’s sayings, warns against imitating God by creating pictures of living beings
• As a result, no representations of figures, including the prophet Muhammad, appear in Islamic religious art